MX2015003515A - Time and power based wireless location and method of selecting location estimate solution. - Google Patents

Time and power based wireless location and method of selecting location estimate solution.

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Publication number
MX2015003515A
MX2015003515A MX2015003515A MX2015003515A MX2015003515A MX 2015003515 A MX2015003515 A MX 2015003515A MX 2015003515 A MX2015003515 A MX 2015003515A MX 2015003515 A MX2015003515 A MX 2015003515A MX 2015003515 A MX2015003515 A MX 2015003515A
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Mexico
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cell
service
location
power
cells
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MX2015003515A
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Spanish (es)
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MX338854B (en
Inventor
Rashidus S Mia
Pete A Boyer
Pitchaiah Soma
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Trueposition Inc
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Priority claimed from US13/624,654 external-priority patent/US8655377B2/en
Application filed by Trueposition Inc filed Critical Trueposition Inc
Publication of MX2015003515A publication Critical patent/MX2015003515A/en
Publication of MX338854B publication Critical patent/MX338854B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0257—Hybrid positioning
    • G01S5/0268—Hybrid positioning by deriving positions from different combinations of signals or of estimated positions in a single positioning system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/28—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived simultaneously from receiving antennas or antenna systems having differently-oriented directivity characteristics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0278—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves involving statistical or probabilistic considerations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/12—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Probability & Statistics with Applications (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for processing readily available radio network, timing and power information about cellular networks and typical measurements made by the mobile device and network. A probabilistic method is disclosed that uses both time (i.e., range) and power differences with known downlink transmitter antenna characteristics to locate mobiles with accuracy better than cell-ID with ranging, with high capacity, and without the need for field calibration.

Description

WIRELESS LOCALIZATION BASED ON TIME AND POWER AND METHOD OF SELECTION OF AN ESTIMATION SOLUTION OF LOCATION CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS The present application claims the benefit of United States patent application No. 13 / 624,654, filed September 21, 2012, which is a continuation in part of United States patent No. 8,315,647, filed on October 28, 2012. December 2010, whose content is incorporated here by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates in general to methods and apparatus for locating wireless devices, also referred to as mobile stations (MS), such as those used in analog or digital cellular systems, personal communication systems (PCS), enhanced specialized mobile radios ( ESMRS) and other types of wireless communications systems. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to the position of mobile devices that use pre-existing wireless infrastructure data.
BACKGROUND Wireless communications networks (WCN) manage the mobility of a wireless mobile device by collecting radio information about the network. Since the arrival of the services based on the position, this radio information has been used to provide low and medium precision position estimates.
In call transfer systems, the position of each active mobile in the network is known with the nearest service cell and sector. The identification of the service sector and the service cell can be converted into an estimation of the location by simple translation at a preset latitude and longitude for the cell and / or service sector.
The inclusion of the WCN measured time or the range estimate based on the mobile measured power from the service cell to the mobile position provide a method for refining the location estimate based on the service cell identifier based on minimum additional calculations.
Further refinement of the cell / sector identifier plus the range method using the mobile network information obtained from the one or more neighboring cells of potential transfer is generally known as enhanced cell ID (ECID). The ECID technique is based on the ability of the mobile unit to record the power levels from the beacons (also known as pilots) of multiple potential candidate / neighbor handover cells. This technique adds measurements based on absolute power and / or arrival power difference (PDOA) to improve the range location estimation of the service cell.
As typically the signal strength received from the various sectors of nearby transmission cells measured by the active mobile device is known by the WCN, the PDOA for the ECID value is based on the levels of the signal received measured by mobile for the service cell and / or one or more potential candidates for the transfer / beacons of neighboring cells. As the PDOA data collection requires the visibility of two or more neighboring cell sites, the performance of the position will be less than 100%. The effects of multiple RF trajectories, the quality of the mobile receiver, and the granularity of the measurement act to reduce the location accuracy for the ECID.
ECID in GSM, UMTS and LTE In GSM, the ECID is also known as a network measurement report (NMR) position. The NMR is generated by the mobile to provide the WCN with information about the service and neighboring cells to facilitate the transfer as described in the Technical Standard 05.08 GSM / 3GPP, "Radio subsystem link control" section 3 (transfer ).
The improved cell ID positioning technique is standardized as positioning of "Advance timing" in 3GPP TS 43.059, section "Functional stage 2 description of localization services (LCS) in GERAN", section 4.2.1. In LTE networks the "improved cell identification method" is described in 3GPP TS 36.305, "Stage 2 functional specification of user equipment (UE) positioning in E-UTRAN" Section 4.3.3.
In the GSM system example, the NMR contains the measurement results generated by the mobile. The purpose of the information element of the measurement results is to provide the results of the measurements made by the mobile station with respect to the service cell and the cells neighbors. The information element of the measurement results is coded as shown in the GSM / 3GPP 04.08 Technical Specification, "Mobile radio interface layer specification 3" section 10.5.2.20 (Measurement report).
The mobile location center (MLC) uses NMR delivered to the identification of the service cell (in GSM the Global Cellular Identity (CGI) gives the cell and the sector) to consider the geographic position of the cell site as the point of reference. The value of the reported timing advance (TA) of the current service cell allows calculation of the range of the reference point. The signal strength of the received signal (RSSI) of the service cell is corrected with the current dynamic mobile power control settings, when received in the traffic control channel instead of the broadcast control channel. The corrected RSSI value of the cell in service is normalized with its known value of effective radiated power (ERP) diffusion. The reception level values (RxLev) of the neighboring cells reported in the beacons of the broadcast control channel (BCCH) are normalized against their known value of diffused apparent radiated power (ERP). Using the position of the antenna of the service cell, the range derived from TA, and the PDOA from three or more sites, an estimate of the location can be calculated.
Since the ECID can use PDOA of multiple latency, the geographical distribution of the neighboring cells also affects the quality of the geographical position through the dilution of the precision (GDOP). The limitation of only up to six RxLev measurements of neighboring cells present in the NMR limits the accuracy, when the NMR data is not collected during a quantity of sufficient time in the time interval by limiting the potential GDOP reduction, through the selection of the recipient site.
As the PDOA measurement requires an average over multiple samples to cancel the received signal, fast fading effects (the GSM NMR is transmitted by the mobile station periodically during an active call), the latency is much higher than for other cell-based techniques. ID.
As the RSSI measurement is only for the service cell, when the mobile is in active mode, it is based on the variable power configuration for the BTS, the normalization of the RSSI service cell before its inclusion in the calculation of the PDOA requires the knowledge of the power control settings of the BTS (descending) from the WCN GSM.
The calibration can be used to improve the accuracy of ECID location systems. The ECID calibration can include the use of predictive RF propagation mapping and extensive activation tests to create a CGI / RxLev "fingerprint" grid. By assigning the list of neighbors and signal levels received throughout the coverage area, it is possible to achieve average accuracy results within the range of 200 to 500 meters in networks that have a relatively high BTS density.
In U.S. Patent No. 7,434,233, a single-site ECID location system is taught, where the power measurements of a single base transceiver station (BTS) of 3 sectors with a service sector and two sectors co-located allow the formation of a range band of limited time of sector and a steering angle from the cell site BTS.
The inventive techniques and concepts described in this document apply time and frequency division multiplexed radio communications systems (TDMA / FDMA), including the widely used IS-136 (TDMA), GSM, and orthogonal division wireless systems. multiplexed frequency (OFDM) such as LTE, advanced LTE and IEEE 802.16 (Wiman / WiMAX). The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) model presented is an exemplary, but not exclusive, environment in which the present invention can be used.
SUMMARY Disclosed herein is a method for processing available radio networks, timing and power information over cellular networks and typical measurements made by the mobile device and the network. Different methods are disclosed, which uses time (ie, range) and power differences to locate mobiles with better accuracy than identifying cells with ranges, with high capacity and without the need for calibration. In addition, we have disclosed improved methods, implemented by computer, to select a location estimation solution in a wireless location system.
An illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a method for use in locating a mobile device. This embodiment of the method of the invention includes the step of causing a mobile device to receive beacon signals from a base transceiver (BTS) service station and one or more adjacent BTS. Each BTS is located in a cell site and each beacon signal includes cell identification information (CID). A number of sibling pairs are detected based on the received beacon signals. A pair of siblings comprises two descending transmit antennas of a multisector cell site, which are relatively close to each other (e.g., less than 100 meters) and their main beams of antenna patterns point in different directions. Next, a predefined location method is selected based on the number of pairs of siblings detected. The mobile device measures the beacon power diffusion received from each of a number of cell sites and reports the measured power and identity of the cell's location sectors having the greatest measured power, as well as a the timing advance value (TA) determined by the network and transmitting it to the mobile device. The TA value serves as a measure of the range of the service cell sector to the mobile device.
In the illustrative embodiments, when the number of detected sibling pairs is zero, a difference of arrival power is selected with the variation localization method (PDOA). When the number of sibling pairs detected is one, a single site location method or an adjacent site location method is selected. When the number of detected pairs of siblings is greater than one, one of a power arrival angle (AoA) or power AoA location method is selected with the variation location method.
In illustrative embodiments, the method can be used to geolocalising a mobile device operating in a sectorized wireless communications network (WCN) with medium precision using information about the WCN that is stored in a database in combination with the measurements made by the mobile device in the network in the course of mobility support. In this sense, a support / angle from a cell site sectored for the mobile device can be determined from the power measurements of a pair of adjacent sectors (siblings) and knowledge of the spatial response and orientation of the antennae of the cell. sector. Next, a timing range or a value derived from the power range of the service cell with power difference measurements between siblings with the highest measured powers of one or more cell sites can be used to determine a location estimate of the mobile device.
In the embodiments described above, the AoA or AoA power localization method with the variance localization method comprises a probabilistic method for the geolocation of mobile devices using pairs of siblings. The timing information (timing advance (TA) in GSM) and the power information from the wireless network are derived by creating a model of the timing advance and the power difference between neighboring cell siblings in the range band .
As mentioned, methods for selecting a location estimation solution in a wireless location system are also described. In an embodiment of the invention, a method for selecting a Location estimation solution comprises the collection of network measurement report (NMR) data over a period of time. (This is represented as STAGE 1101 in Figure 11). Next, the NMR data are preprocessed (STEP 1102), and then the method consists of determining from the pre-processed data of the NMR whether the cells are present with valid timing measurements (STEP 1103). From here, various "scenarios" can be activated, as described below. These are listed as scenarios LES1, LES2, LES3, LES4, LES5 and LES6 in the illustrative embodiments.
The following describes additional features and aspects of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above summary, as well as the following detailed description, are best understood when read together with the accompanying drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, exemplary constructions of the invention are shown in the drawings; However, the invention is not limited to the specific methods and instruments described. In the drawings: Figure 1a schematically represents the collection of the initial signals and their analysis.
Figure 1b illustrates a localization process for the case that there is no sibling sector.
Figure 1c illustrates a localization process for a single scenario of sibling pairs.
Figure 1d illustrates a localization process for when two or more sibling pairs are detected.
Figure 2 graphically depicts a positional scenario for a single pair of siblings at an adjacent cell site.
Figure 3 graphically represents a positional scenario for when there are two pairs of siblings in two adjacent cell sites.
Figure 4 graphically illustrates a positional scenario for when there are two pairs of siblings in two adjacent cell sites and no time range is available from the service cell.
Figure 5 graphically illustrates a position scenario for when there are three pairs of siblings in three cell sites and no time range is available from the service cell.
Figure 6 graphically depicts a mobile-based collection of downlink signals in a radio access network.
Figure 7a illustrates a probabilistic time and position determination geometrically of the algorithm based on power.
Figure 7b details the geographical differences between measured and modeled azimuths.
Figure 8 illustrates spatial responses of antenna lines of sibling sectors of constant power differences in shaping azimuths.
Figure 9 illustrates radiation patterns of representative directional antennas using the average power beam width and ratio values of lobe (FBR) from front to back.
Figure 10 illustrates a use of antenna sibling pairs in the generation of an azimuth through relative gain with a 120 degree directional antenna.
Figure 11 sequentially shows a flow of solution for the fall-forward technique for the location.
Figure 12 graphically represents the location estimate based on the service area of a cell identifier.
Figure 13 graphically represents the location estimate based on two neighboring sister cells.
Figure 14 graphically represents the location estimate based on the neighboring area of two non-sister cells.
Figure 15 graphically represents the location estimate based on the neighboring area of three cells with common region.
Figure 16 graphically represents the location estimate based on the neighboring area of three cells without common region.
Figure 17 graphically represents the location estimate based on a combination of timing range and service areas from 3 cells.
Figure 18 graphically represents the location estimate based on a combination of timing ranges and service areas from 3 cells.
Figure 19 graphically represents the location based estimate in the variation of power from the cell in service and at least two neighboring cells.
Figure 20 graphically represents the location estimate based on the variation of power from the service cell and the service areas of at least two neighboring cells.
Figure 21 shows graphically the location estimate based on the variation of power from the service cell and a sister neighbor cell.
Figure 22 graphically represents the location estimate using the power variation between the sister cells and the service area of at least one additional neighbor cell.
Figure 23 graphically shows the location estimate using the power variation between the sister cells and the power range of an additional neighbor cell.
Figure 24 graphically represents the location estimate using a cell identifier, time and / or power information as available to one or more of the service cells and / or neighbors without any pair of siblings.
Figure 25 graphically shows the location estimate using a cell identifier, time and / or power information available to one or more of the service cells and neighbors with one or more sibling pairs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS Now we are going to describe illustrative embodiments of the present invention. First, we provide a detailed description of the problem and then a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention.
Overview The determination of the position of a transmitter of the mobile station is commonly achieved by measuring the characteristics of the uplink signal of the transmitter of the mobile station to a number of known receiver antenna positions. In addition, the position of a receiver of the mobile station is determined by measuring the transmitter characteristics of the service cell site of the mobile station and / or near potential handover / downlink signals of the position transmitter of the neighboring cell by the mobile station. Typical features measured include signal strength (RSSI), arrival time (TOA), arrival angle (AoA), or any combination thereof. GSM mobiles can be geolocated in sectored GSM networks with medium accuracy using the information about the network that is readily available and the measurements typically made by the mobile station (MS) in the network during the course of support mobility.
The easily available network information includes the geographical position of the cell sites, the spatial response of the sectorized antennas including its main beam pointing azimuth and downward inclination orientation, the transmitted control channel (BCCH), the color coding of the base station (BSIC), the effective radiated power (ERP) in the broadcast control channel, and the unique identifiers of the sector that are issued by each sector. For example, GSM mobile phones measure the emission beacon power that receives from each of a number of cell sites and reports the measured power and identity (BCCH and BSIC) of up to six cell site sectors having the highest powers measured in the network, at approximately twice per second. In addition, in GSM, a timing advance value (TA) is determined by the network and transmitted to the mobile to allow the mobile to transmit throughout its time allocation. The TA value also serves as a measure of the range of the sector of the service cell (CGI in GSM) to the mobile.
During the course of the experimentation with the improved cell identification localization technology (ECID), it was determined that the power difference measures between the sectors of the base BTS have minimal variability, because the loss of trajectory between the sectors and the mobile is canceled when the wireless channel between the two sectors and the mobile is quite similar. With the ability to reject the common thrust of the beacons from the sectors of the same cell, the support, or angle, from a sector cell site to the mobile transmitter can be determined from the power measurements of a pair of adjacent sectors, that is, brothers, and the knowledge of the spatial response and the orientation of the sector antennas. The coupling of the timing range (eg, TA, RTT) or a power derived value from the cell in service with the power difference measurements between two sectors with the highest powers measured from one or more cell sites provide sufficient measurements to determine a location estimate of the mobile with a precision higher than the position of the cellular identification with the scope. The cellular identification with the variable localization technique is well known (for example, in GSM - CGI + TA, in UMTS - CID + RTT, or in LTE - PCI + TALTE).
Figure 1a Figure 1a illustrates the initial steps in the determination of the mobile-assisted, network-based position according to the present invention. As shown, the mobile device collects the intensities and identifiers 101 of the downlink beacon signal. The mobile transmits these signals to the Radio Access Network (RAN). This collection and transmission from the mobile device is performed by the mobile in the normal course of operation as part of the mobile assisted transfer (MAHO) technique normally used by modern cellular systems.
The downlink beacon signal strengths and identifiers are forwarded by the RAN to the service mobile location center (SMLC) or are passively monitored and sent to the SMLC. Examples of passive monitoring activation platforms are described in U.S. Patent No. 6,782,225, "Call Information Monitoring in a Wireless Location System" and in U.S. Patent No. 7,783,299; "Advanced triggers for service applications based on the location of a wireless location system", both incorporated herein by reference.
The SMLC, part of the WLS, contains or has access to a database of beacon identifiers, geographic positions of the transmitter antenna, transmitter signal strengths and downlink antenna gain patterns of the radio base station (transmission). This database is considered the database of cellular identifiers 102. Using the database of cellular identifiers and the collected signal information, the signals received below are ordered by cells (cell / sector) and any identifier of pairs of identified siblings 103. A pair of sibs are two downlink transmission antennas of a multisector cell site that are geographically close (eg, separated by less than 100 meters) to each other and their main beams of horizontal antenna patterns are pointing to different directions. An additional processing, shown by the "A" marker, is dependent on the number of pairs of siblings detected.
Figure 1b Figure 1b represents the case where no pairs of sibs 104 were detected. As there are no siblings available, only a difference in power arrival with variable calculation 105 can be made. As only one classical enhanced cell identification (ECID) position can be realized. reported 106, the accuracy of the location can vary widely based on cell structure and coverage areas.
With ECID, the cellular identifier component (CGI) will allow determining the latitude and longitude of the service tower or sector antenna, while the timing advance (TA) determines the variation from the position of the service cell site that allows the reduction of the error radius of position in the radial direction of the service cell site to a band of approximately 554 meters in width, when there are no measurement errors in the reported TA in the case of sectorized cells. But the position error radius in the azimuth angular direction increases proportional to the increase of the value of TA or the distance from the service cell. If enough (three or more) neighboring cells are available through the collection of the beacon from the mobile device and if the cell geometry does not result in a very high geometric dilution of the accuracy, the position measurement based on PDOA added they can significantly improve the accuracy of the location along the angular direction of azimuth, especially at larger TA values over a CGI + TA location estimate.
Figure 1c If a pair of siblings 107 is detected from the analysis 103 of the data 102 of the collected mobile signals, then an angle based on the power of the arrival technique can be used to improve the classical ECID position.
The pair of siblings was further analyzed to determine if the sibling pair is associated with the service cell 108. If so, then a single site position 109 will be performed, as detailed in U.S. Patent No. 7,434. 233. If the pair of sibs was found associated with an adjacent cell site 110, then the adjacent site position 111 is made. Figure 1d If more than one pair of siblings 112 is detected from the analysis 103 of The data 102 of the collected mobile signals, then an angle based on the power of the arrival technique can be used to improve the classical ECID position. The availability of two or more sibling pairs also allows localization, even if the variation based on time or power is not available or is not sufficiently granular (for example, in GSM, the band increases the time range in stages of 554 meters) to allow a precise location. With each pair of siblings allowing to determine an angle based on the power of arrival (AoA), this technique has been considered "AoA power".
If the variation of the service site 113 is available, then an AoA power with variation calculation 115 is possible. If the variation of the service site is not available, a purely AoA power calculation 114 is still possible.
Power-based arrival angle The angle of arrival (AoA), or the support line (LOB), of a signal can be determined from a position and common site in the mobile position estimated by the reception of signals from two antennas that are co- located or in close geographic proximity (for example, 10 meters apart) and pointing in different directions. The power in decibels, that is, dBm, of the signal received from each antenna is averaged over a period of time to mitigate the rapid fading effect. The difference of decibels in the averaged signals of the two antennas is determined. The AoA of the signal in the mobile station can then be determined from this difference of decibels and knowledge of their spatial responses to antennas, operating frequencies and ERP values.
Many wireless communication systems break the omnidirectional 360 degree coverage in three overlapping sectors to increase their communications capacity through frequency reuse. A coverage area is defined as the area illuminated by the downlink beacon radio signal. Typically, the omnidirectional 360 degree coverage region is divided into three sectors of 120 degrees by the use of directional antennas. Ideally, each sectorial antenna will cover only its region of 120 degrees and none of its regions of the adjacent sectors. Practically, this would require a large antenna, so that smaller overlapping antennas are used. Other sectoring planes (for example, two sectors of 90 degrees, six sectors of 60 degrees) are compatible.
The characterization of sectorial antennas in a generic way makes it easy to determine the AoA of the power differences in decibels between two sister antennas without collecting and maintaining a large number of diverse data files of antenna patterns manufactured in different file formats to be processed and then derive the appropriate pattern that fits the model to be used in the closed-form solution to calculate the azimuth angle of the mobile station from the cell position of the pair of siblings. The antennas can be characterized by their average power beam width (HPBW) in the vertical dimension, their HPBW in their horizontal dimension, and their front-to-back ratio (FBR). The HPBW of an antenna that is symmetric around its central site is defined as the angular separation from a point on the left side of the antenna where the power response is 3 dB below its peak response at the central site to the point on the right side of the antenna where its response power is 3 dB below its response peak. The FBR of an antenna is defined as the difference between the maximum decibel power response of the antenna at its central site and its power response in decibels at 180 degrees away from its central site.
The antennas are often characterized in a normalized manner by adjusting their maximum power response in decibels to 0 dB. A generic model for decibel power response of the normalized horizontal plane of an antenna can be expressed mathematically as: GdB (q) = WA (l - [0,5 + 0,5 cos (0)] ") where parameter a of the antenna pattern model is derived based on the corresponding horizontal HPBW, Qhy and the front-back lobe ratio (FBR) in dB Qh as: a = log10 (1 + 3 / WA) / log10 (0.5 + 0.5 cos (0A / 2)) Figure 9 shows normalized antenna pattern graphs for three different HPBWs for two different FBR values.
Similarly, a graph of the power difference in decibels between two 120-degree HPBW antennas with central sites at 0 degrees and 120 degrees is shown in Figure 10 for the entire 360-degree omnidirectional response of both antennas. It must be taken into account that between At the two central antenna sites, the power difference can vary from 12 dB to -12 dB in a linear fashion with a negative slope of -0.2 dB per degree. It should also be borne in mind that the power difference in decibels is not evaluated once in the entire omnidirectional range of 360 degrees. Another duplicate value occurs outside the angular range between the central sites of the two antennas. Thus, when determining the AoA using the power difference between these two antennas, it will result in two angles. One AoA is correct and the other is ambiguous. These types of ambiguous AoAs can be solved using the information of the physical site of the service cell, such as the position, the angle of the central site of the antenna and the TA information or when it is solved for the position of the mobile within an area of predefined search of the TA band of the primary service cell in a probabilistic manner. Location estimation based on the model using power differences between siblings and timing advance of the service sector The location estimation of the mobiles that operate in a wireless network can be achieved with the measurements that are commonly made by mobiles, as well as timing measurements made by the network. Specifically, mobiles make power measurements of nearby cell sectors to assist in transferring to the sectors as they move over the coverage area. The networks make timing measurements of the range from the service cell / sector site for the mobile to synchronize the time of the mobile in the network for its correct operation. The difference in decibels in the power between the measurements of two adjacent sectors of a cell site, i.e., pair of siblings, provides a robust indication of the mobile address with respect to the cell site. In practice, power difference measurements have two important advantages. First, the common thrusts in the measurement of mobile power are canceled, providing a more accurate measurement. Second, the wireless channel between the mobile and each of the two adjacent sectors will be similar, resulting in less variation among them, which results in less variation in location estimates. Power difference measurements from two or more cell sites can be compared to a model over the coverage area to determine the potential positions of the mobile. A range measurement from the site / sector of the service cell can be used to limit the search range for the location of a mobile, typically providing a unique position.
In an illustrative example, a transmitter and a receiver are separated by a distance r and there is a direct path from the transmitter to the receiver and multiple paths are not present, ie the definition of free space propagation. The transmitter has an effective radiated power of PT and with a standardized antenna gain pattern of GT (9), where Q represents the spatial variation of the antenna gain in the azimuth plane. The received power is given as the transmitter power multiplied by the gains of the transmit antenna in the direction of the receiver q0, multiplied by the effective area of the receiving antenna Ab (q) in the direction of the transmitter 90. In addition, we divide this amount by the area of a sphere of radius r to take into account reducing the power density of the RF signal at a distance r from the transmitter, or the source, due to the spherical dispersion of the measured radio wave propagating from the transmitter to the receiver. This is written as: The effective area of the receiving antenna is related to the gain of the receiving antenna as: where l is the wavelength of the RF signal. The combination of these two equations is obtained: The product of the wavelength of the signal, l, and its frequency, f, is equal to the speed of light, c, as: c = f.
The speed of light is equal to 3 x 108 meters per second. The wavelength can be expressed in terms of the frequency of the signal in megahertz (MHz) as: Substituting the results in: RTOT. { Q ^ 3M 3002 (4 ^ The above equation indicates that with all other constant parameters, the received power will vary as the inverse of the square of the distance from the transmitter. This is necessary for the propagation in free space; however, for the terrestrial mobile radio propagation channel, the factor 1 / r needs to be replaced by 1 / Kr °, where a is typically between 2 and 4, to model the received power correctly. Therefore, the received power for a terrestrial mobile propagation scenario is expressed as: Taking 10 times the logarithm in base 10 of the previous equation, the power in dBm is obtained as: 20 logio. { fMHz) - KdB - 10a log10 (r) In fact, several complex mechanisms of propagation of radio waves, such as reflection, diffraction, and blocking of the LOS path due to mountainous terrain, man-made obstructions or foliage can cause excess loss (Lex) along the radio propagation path. The modeling of such complex propagation mechanisms to achieve a low prediction error requires the experience of modeling the state of the technology, as well as a face GIS database to model the environment together with a good amount of field data collection for calibrate the model propagation. Thus, the predicted received power can be expressed as: ^ 30 (4 log J 20 lo 10. { fum) K d 10 «log, 4p j 0 (r) + The difference in the power received by the mobile between two sister sectors in the same cell site will produce an equation that depends mainly on the difference in the gains of the two sector antennas, which cancel out all the complex common radio waves of the mechanism propagation between the transmitting antenna and the mobile station. Thus, the sibling pair only based on the solution reduces the complexity and costs of the system by avoiding sophisticated modeling techniques, GIS database and field data collection requirements. All other parameters are canceled in the differentiation operation. This is written as: - Therefore, with this model and with the knowledge of the spatial responses of the antennas in the sector, the azimuth angle can be estimated from the cell site to the unknown mobile position. The spatial response can be specified by the manufacturer or derived based on an empirical model using the characteristics of antenna patterns as the main direction of the beam, the average power beam width (HPBW) and the forward lobe relationship. back (FBR). The lines in the direction of the estimated azimuth angle and the uncertainty associated with the estimated angular angle can be extracted from two cell sites, as shown in Figure 8. The powers of these sectors can be measured and their differences compared with the model to find where the two or more lines along the estimated angles from two or more cell sites intersect each other in a single place. In the case, when a unique intersection point based on the estimated azimuth angle is not found, the common intersection region of two or more angular bands associated with the uncertainty from two or more cell sites is used to estimate the mobile position. When the TA information is available for one or more reported service cells, the common intersection region is also reduced as the overlapping region of the TA-based angular bands and the pair of relative angular band siblings based on RSSI to calculate the final location estimate.
The range of a mobile from its service cell is normally known by the wireless network, since the mobile must be synchronized in time with its service cell at a certain level for its correct operation. Typically, the distance of the mobile from its service sector is known over a range band due to the quantization of the time timing. In addition, for sectorized cell sites, the spatial response of the service sector antenna will limit the range band over an angular range. This information can be incorporated into the position determination process for greater precision and efficiency.
Figure 8 illustrates this concept geographically, where the search for the intersection of the two lines of power differences that best respond to measurements by the mobile is limited to the range band of the service sector. At In the scenario of Figure 8, three cell sites 801, 802, 803 are shown, each with three sectors. Using the intensities of the beacon signal and the identifiers sent by the mobile device, there are two sets of sibling pairs, a pair associated with the first adjacent cell site 802 and a pair associated with the second adjacent cell site 803 The service cell 801 determines a timing or range based on the power shown by the range band 804.
Using the sine pair technique, the constant power difference lines 805 can be displayed from the first adjacent cell site 802. Similarly, the constant power difference lines 806 can be displayed from the second adjacent cell site 803 The overlap between the line of supports formed by the constant power difference lines 805, 806 and the range band 804 allows the determination of a most probable position 807 and an error range 808. Figure 7a Figure 7a graphically represents a probabilistic method for power AoA using pairs of siblings. A service cell 701, a first adjacent cell 707 and a second adjacent cell 708 are involved in this example of location estimation of the power AoA or the technique of adjacent sectors. The service cell site 701 has a service sector 702. Service sector 702 has reported (via mobile) the range band 703. The service area 702 service area and the 703 range band are subdivided radially in 2 or more divisions based on the size of the cell. In the radial range 705, 1 to n "pixels" 704 are placed to generate uniform coverage throughout the range band 703.
In the example of Figure 7a, two pairs of downlink transmit antenna sector siblings have been discovered in the first 707 and second 708 adjacent cell sites. Using the reported normalized downlink power for each pair of siblings, a first 706 and a second 709 measured azimuths can be plotted.
Next, for each pixel 704, a first 710 and a second 711 theoretical azimuths are created for each pixel 704, using the position of the pixels, the previously determined antenna characteristics, and the reported normalized downlink power. The difference between the first measured azimuth 706 and the first theoretical azimuth 710 is determined for each pixel 704. The difference between the second measured azimuth 709 and the second theoretical azimuth 711 is then also determined for each pixel 704. These differences between the measured model and the theoretical allow the weighting of the position of the pixels as a probability. The pixels that show differences measured with respect to the modeled ones are granted a high weighting.
Once the calculation and weighting are completed, a final location estimate is calculated as the weighted average of the K pixels with the smallest geographic differences between the model and the measure.
Figure 7b Figure 7b geometrically illustrates the determination of the differences that generate the probability weight for a single pixel 704. The first measured azimuth 706 and first modeled azimuth 710 for the first adjacent cell 707. The first mode azimuth 710 passes through pixel 704. The difference between the first measured azimuth 706 and the first modeled azimuth 710 is geographically displayed 712.
If there is a second pair of siblings, then the second measured azimuth 709 and the second modeled azimuth 711 are shown. The second modeled azimuth 711 passes through the pixel 704. The geographical difference 713 is shown between the second measured azimuth 709 and the second modeled azimuth 711.
Mathematically, a probabilistic approach to the geolocation of mobiles using timing information (timing advance (TA) in GSM) and power information from the wireless network can be derived by creating a model of the time difference and power between siblings of neighboring cells in the range band. These parameters are assumed to have a Gaussian distribution with a known variance and a mean value equal to the model, or the predicted value. Normalized Gaussian weights are defined as: (measured - predicted W = e 2s1 for each of the parameters. The weights are evaluated on the range band for all parameters. This is achieved by evaluating the weights in a number of points or "pixels" evenly distributed over the range band, as shown in Figure 7a. In each "pixel", the weights are combined in some way, that is, they are multiply and / or add to a final result in the position of each pixel. The estimation of the final location is calculated as the weighted average of the K pixels with the highest effective weights.
The effective weighting in each pixel is given as: e ° w = w f * w * w YY YY RSS YYTA YY Al ' WRSSI represents a weighting based on the relative RSSI model compared to the sibling cell sectors reported with respect to the RSSI, WTA represents a weighting based on the distance of pixels from the distance based on the reported service cells TA and WAz represents a 0 weighting based on the angle of pixels from the pointing direction of the main beam of the reported main service cell antenna, which has less TA value.
The effective weighting of the accumulated cumulative relative power coincidence error of all cell sites reported in each pixel is given by one of the following two methods (sum or product of individual weights), WRSSIH represents a normalized Gaussian weighting as: - \ ~ 0 RPmed is the relative power measured in dB between the sister sectors in the cell site n, RPpred is the model of the relative power, that is, the predicted value, in dB between the sibling sectors in the cell site in the pixel n and ORSSI2 is the a priori known variance of the relative powers over the coverage area. This weighting value is only used when the magnitude of the difference between RPmed and RPpred is greater than RSSI dB. When the magnitude is less than or equal to ARSS / dB, WRssin is set equal to 1.
Wn is a reliability weighting of RF modeling as a function of the RSSI difference measured and is given by: when the magnitude of the relative power measured in dB at the cell site n, i.e. RPmed, is greater than ó dB. Otherwise, Wn is given a value of 1.
When measurements of one or more cellular service sectors are available, the effective weighting in each pixel is calculated on the TA band of the primary service cell as follows: S is the total number of service cells reported, W ™ n is the weighting based on the distance error TA based on the nth reported service cell and is given by the following normal distribution: - - where djA is the distance measured TA, d is the distance of the pixel, and OTA is the variance known a priori. This weighting value is only used when the magnitude of the difference between djA and d is greater than D < *. When the magnitude is less than or equal to d, WjAn is set equal to 1.
The server's probability weighting as a function of the azimuth angle from the central site address is given by: \ for, 0 £ HBW [0.5 + 0.5 cos (fl)] for, \ Q | > HBW [0.5 + 0.5 cos. { HBW)] Again, the effective weighting for a pixel is the product of the three previous weights.
The final stage of location estimation involves the classification of weights for all pixels from highest to lowest and then the choice of the largest K within a predefined percentage of the maximum weight and calculate a position that is the weighted sum of the positions of the pixels associated with these K weights. Mathematically, this is written as: _ . - Illustrative realizations 1. Power AoA with site service (s) sectorized in 3 v advacente (s) In Figure 2 the position of a mobile device 202 is shown using the information of an omnidirectional service cell 201 and a neighbor cell sectorized 203. The service cell site 201 has a single service sector (a CGI in GSM or PCI terminology in LTE) with a band of 207 range. The size and width of the 207 range band is based on the value of the timing advance (TA) and the accuracy of the timing advance value (a TA width is 554 meters in GSM and 156 meters in LTE). The mobile device (for example, an MS or UE) 202 must be active to allow the production of measurement reports, but it may be in a control channel transaction or in a traffic channel transaction while it is active. Active EM / UE 202 has a bidirectional radio link with service cell 201 and periodically analyzes and receives beacon transmissions from sectors 204, 205 of adjacent cell 203.
Using the standardized received and antenna power models, support angles 206, 209 corresponding to a standard deviation on each side of the average support angle estimate from each sector 204, 205 of the transmission antenna can be calculated. By combining the standard deviations 206, 209 of the angle information and the range band 207, a location estimate 208 can be calculated for the mobile device. This estimate of position 208 is superior in accuracy compared to a position based on conventional cell identification in an omnidirectional cell (the latitude and longitude of service cell 201). The estimated error of the position here can be calculated as the area covered by the range band 207 and the standard deviation of the support angles 206, 209. 2. Power AoA with omnidirectional and advacented service (s) sites (s) In Figure 3, the position of a mobile device 302 is shown using an omnidirectional site service 301 and adjacent cell sites 305, 306 in 3 sectors. In the service cell / sector 301, a range band 304 is shown based on the value of the timing advance and the precision of the timing advance value. The mobile device 302 must be active to allow the production of measurement reports, but it may be in a control channel transaction or in a traffic channel transaction while it is active. Active EM / UE 302 has a bidirectional radio link 303 with service cell 301 and periodically analyzes and receives beacon transmissions from sectors 307, 308 of cell 305 and sectors 309, 310 from cell 306.
Using the standardized power and antenna reception patterns, a set of support angles 311, 312, 313, 314 corresponding to the standard deviation of the support angle estimates for each reported sector 309, 310, 307 can be plotted, 308 of the transmission antenna. By combining the angle information from the support angles 311, 312, 313, 314 and the service cell 301 of the range band 304, an estimate of the position 315 can be calculated for the mobile device. This estimate of position 315 is superior in accuracy compared to a position based on conventional cell identification in an omnidirectional cell (the latitude and longitude of service cell 301). The position error estimated here can be calculated as the area covered by the band of range 304 and the standard deviations of the support estimates 311, 312, 313, 314. 3. Power AoA with two nearby sectorized sites In Figure 4, the position of a mobile device 403 is shown using the nearby sectorized cell sites 401, 402. In this scenario, no band of timing or power range of the service cell is needed. The mobile device 403 does not need to be registered, active, or participate in the duplex communications, with the wireless system providing the downlink beacons.
The mobile device 403 scans and receives downlink beacon transmissions from sectors 404, 405 of cell 401 and from sectors 406, 407 from cell 407. Using the standardized models of received power and antenna, it is possible to trace a set of support angles 408, 409, 410, 411 corresponding to the standard deviation of the estimates of support angles for each received sector 404, 405, 406, 407 of the transmission antenna. By combining the angle information from the support angles 408, 409, 410, 411, a position 412 can be calculated for the mobile device 403. The information necessary for the calculation of the moving position 412 (the transmitting power of the transmission antenna, antenna models, and the position of each downlink transmission antenna) can be transmitted via the wireless network, recorded locally on the mobile device 403, or received from an alternative radio network. In some scenarios, the mobile device 403 can pick up the downlink signals and transmit them through alternative means to a terrestrial server for the calculation of the position. 4. Power AoA with three nearby sectorized sites In Figure 5, the position of a mobile device 504 is shown using the nearby sectorized cell sites 501, 502, 503. In this scenario, no power is required from the service cell or timing range band. The mobile device 504 does not need to be registered, active, or participate in the duplex communications, with the wireless system providing the downlink beacons.
The mobile device 504 scans and receives downlink beacon transmissions from sectors 505, 506 of cell 501, sectors 507, 508 of cell 502, and sectors 509, 510 of cell 503. Using the standardized models of received power and antenna, a set of support angles 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516 corresponding to the standard deviation of the support angle estimates can be plotted for each received sector 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510 of the transmission antenna. By combining the angle information from the support angles 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, a position 517 can be calculated for the mobile device 504. The information necessary for the calculation of the moving position 517 (the transmission power of the transmission antenna, the antenna models, and the position of each downlink transmission antenna) can be transmitted via the wireless network, recorded locally on the mobile device 517, or received from an alternative radio network. In some scenarios, the mobile device 504 may collect the downlink signals and transmit them through alternative means to a terrestrial server for the calculation of the position.
Figure 6 Figure 6 represents a wireless communication network (WCN) for voice and data communications. The WCN is comprised of radio access network (RAN) 602 and central network 609. A wireless location system (WLS) 610 is deployed to support location services.
The RAN 602 comprises a distributed network of radio transceiver stations and antennas (RTS). Also known as transceiver base stations, radio base stations, base stations, Node B and improved Node B, the RTS 603, 604, 605 comes in a variety of different sizes, providing different coverage areas and load capacities. In this example, the RTS are further described by their functions and by the proximity to the user's mobile station / equipment (MS / UE) 601. The service RTS 603 establishes and maintains the radio link 606 with the MS / UE 601. The adjacent RTS 605 and the next RTSs 604 are potential transfer candidates and the radio transmission beacons of each RTS can be scanned by the MS / UE 601 according to the beacon assignment list present in the RTS 603 portion. of the downlink beacon.
Each RTS 603, 604, 605 is connected to the core network 609 through a wired or wireless data link 608. In a GSM system, the BTS is interconnected with a base station controller (BSC) / control unit. packets (PCU), while in an LTE system, Node B is interconnected to a mobility management entity (MME).
In the GSM example, the BTS 603, 604, 605 is connected to the BSC / PCU 611 via the Abis interface 609. The BSC / PCU 611 is connected to the mobile switching center (MSC) 613 via the A 612 interface. MSC typically also serves as a visitor position register (VLR) where the subscriber profiles are downloaded from the HLR 615 through the SS7 614 network, as necessary.
In an LTE network, the core network 609 is replaced by the architecture evolution system (SAE), which takes advantage of the entire Internet protocol (IP) of the packet routing area networks and the performance increase of the microprocessor to create a cheaper scalable central network. The four main components (not shown in the example in Figure 6) of the SAE are the mobility management entity (MME), service gate (SGW), PDN gate (PGW), and the strategy function and rule loading ( PCRF).
A Wireless 610 location system for GSM is shown. The service mobile position center (SMLC) 619 interconnects with the BSC / UCP 611 through the Lb interface defined by 3GPP 616. The SMLC in turn interconnects (usually through interfaces and intermediate nodes) with the position center mobile door GMLC 617 through the interface LG 618.
In this example illustration the WLS for an LTE network is not shown. He LTE WLS comprises the E-SMLC (SMLC evolved for LTE) that connects to the MME as described in 3GPP Technical Specification 36.305 v9.3, "Stage 2 Functional Specification of User Equipment Positioning (EU) in E-UTRAN ".
Alternative realizations User's map A user plane approach (where the wireless terminal and a terrestrial server interact with the transparent WCN providing a data connection) for the present invention is possible using the subscriber identity module (SIM) toolkit (STK). The STK was originally defined in the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) GSM 11.14 Teenica Standard (TS) 11.14, "Specification of the SIM application tool kit (SAD for the Subscriber Identity Module-mobile equipment interface (SIM) -ME). "An updated standard toolset for UMTS, LTE and GSM networks and the Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM) can be found in the 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) TS 31.111" Team Module of Universal Subscriber Identity (USIM) Application Tools (USAT). "The defined STK command set allows direct access of network measurements, timing and power measurements of the MS / UE through a terrestrial server. In the STK, the SMLC can request measurements from the network without interaction with the WCN control nodes.
Assisted system with LMU Measurement units of measurement (LMU) are radio receivers typically placed with the base stations of the wireless network, normally installed to facilitate the time difference localization techniques of arrival of uplink (U-TDOA) and / or arrival angle (AoA). The main advantage of using an LMU-based system with the AoA power position is the ability of an LMU to measure the received downlink beacon identifiers and the signal strengths of the surrounding sectors resulting in a coverage system which, when combined with the SIM tool kit, provides location services outside the control of the wireless communications system operator. The combination of U-TDOA with ECID for the calibration of the ECID position was previously taught in US Application No. 11 / 736,950, filed on April 18, 2007, "U-TDOA Wireless Location Networks Dispersed".
Appropriate location estimation solution selection method A wireless device location estimation (LES) solution comprises a means to provide the probable location estimate and the associated uncertainty region around the location estimate of a given confidence level so that the location estimate is within the region of uncertainty. Here we present a forward-fall method of selecting a wireless solution for estimating the appropriate position of the device based on the available input information, such as the number of cells with valid cell identifiers, the type of cell, such as cell of service or neighbor, the number of cells with valid time value, the number of cells with valid power value and the number of sibling pairs with valid power values in the NMR of data input (network measurement report) collected during a predefined period of time. He The term NMR is used in an inclusive manner and includes measurement reports dependent on the technology, examples include the measurement of the pilot level informed (RPL) of the CDMA system, the UMTS measurement report and the Measurement Report of the LTE system.
Each cell sector in the cellular network can be assigned with a unique numerical identifier associated with a broadcast control channel combination [for example: BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel) in GSM, UARFCN (Land radio channel number UMTS of absolute access RF) in UMTS or LTE] and identification code of the base station [for example: BSIC (Base station of personal identification code) in GSM, PSC (pilot encryption code) in UMTS or LTE] that are presented to neighboring cells or in active service in MR / NMR data (measurement report / network measurement report) informed by the mobile station back to the network. The timing information of the measurement network (for example: TA (timing advance) in GSM or LTE, Pd (propagation delay) or RTT (round trip time) in UMTS) and / or the power measured in the mobile station [for example: RSSI (received signal strength indicator) in GSM, RSCP (received signal code power) in UMTS, RSRP (received signal reference power) in LTE] are available for each of the cells reported in the input NMR data. The primary cell is defined as the cell closest to the MS with the least value of timing information, when one or more cells reported have time values or stronger power value, when none of the cells has reported the timing information , but has reported the values of power.
Several location estimation solutions applicable to different NMR input data information are presented to provide a location estimate based on an approximate closed form solution to a more accurate detailed solution based on a radio propagation prediction model sophisticated with low prediction errors and functionality concepts of the cellular network defining a service area and a neighboring area of the cell for a neighboring cell or potential transfer. The shape of the various geographic areas representing the distance range band based on the timing, the distance range band based on the power, the service and neighboring areas could be defined by approximate closed-form equations or a set of Well-known forms, such as a circle or a rectangle that encloses a complex form of geographic areas based on a sophisticated radio propagation prediction modeling.
The specification of the uncertainty region, together with the estimation of the location is equally important to understand the error associated with the estimate of probable location. The probable search area where the mobile can be located could be derived using different location estimation techniques presented in the subsequent sections on the basis of the available input information. The most probable location estimate can be calculated as the weighted average of all or part of this search area based on the associated weights, and the region of uncertainty corresponding is defined accordingly on the basis of quality, as well as the combination of available input information for a specified confidence level which is the position estimate within the region of uncertainty provided.
As the range of the input information available in the data of NMR is limited to being within certain known limits, each location solution could have an off-line mapping table generated ready to use the available input information associated with the corresponding location estimate, as well as the specification of the region of uncertainty . This approach can achieve high localization performance, keeping the system simple in real time to meet the demands of various accuracy requirements, as well as the complexity and cost of implementation and associated maintenance.
For example, when using the database of the location solution based on flat files, only the knowledge of the primary cell, its timing or the information of the power and the type of solution to be used limits the search of the base of data only to match the remaining input information against the content of a specific file labeled with the type of solution, the primary cell identifier and the timing value or the associated power. The contents of this file include all possible combinations of other input information for the reported cells. In this way, the positional solution could be provided quickly, even for a large cellular network the size of tens of thousands of cell sites to achieve higher performance, but keeping the system in real time simple by separating the underlying location technology and its maintenance.
Figure 11 A high-level overview of the process of selecting the location estimation solution based on the available input information is shown in Figure 11. Using the forward-fall method, the database containing cell level parameters ( for example, identification of the cells, service areas of the cells, neighbor lists) has already been established in the SMLC or position server. The mobile collects NMR data in the normal course of operations and this data is sent to the wireless communication network (WCN) over the air interface. The NMR data is collected by the Wireless Location System (WLS) over the duration 1101. This duration may vary according to the technology of the radio air interface and the WCN settings. The collected NMR data will then be pre-processed 1102 against the cell site of the database, and the network information. The validity of the collected data was checked by its correspondence with the possible ranges or values adopted in the information of the database.
If in the collected NMR data, the cells encounter the valid timing 1103 (ie, within the limitations set at the cell site of the database and the network information), then a test for cells with valid power 1109. If not found no valid power measurement in the collected NMR data, then scenario LES2 1110 is activated (LES2: when only the identifier and cell time information are available). If, on the other hand, valid power measurements are found in the collected NMR data, then a pairwise check of brothers 1111 is performed. If pair (s) of siblings are found, then the scenario LES6 1112 is activated (LES6: When cell identifier, time and / or power information are available to one or more of the service cells and neighbors with one or more pairs of siblings). If no sibling (s) are found in the collected NMR data, then scenario LES5 1113 is activated (LES5: When the cell identifier, time and / or power information is available for one or more of service cells and / or neighbors without pair of brothers).
If the collected NMR data, in tests for cells with valid time 1103, does not contain valid time measurements, then the NMR data is tested for valid 1104 power measurements. If the power measurements are not found Valid, the scenario LES1 1105 is activated (LES1: When only cell identifier information is available). If instead valid power measurements are found in the collected NMR data, then a pairwise check of siblings 1106 is performed. If pair (s) of siblings are found, then scenario LES4 1108 is activated (LES4: When Cell ID and power information is available for two or more of the service cells and / or neighbors with one or more pairs of brothers). If no pair (s) of siblings are found in the collected NMR data, then scenario LES3 1107 is activated (LES3: When only cell ID and power information is available for one or more of the service cells and / or neighbors without pair of brothers).
The details of each scenario 1-6 introduced in Figure 11 are described in the following sections. Depending on the level of complexity of the solution and performance requirements, they can be calculated in real time or simply by using the easily available allocation table generated and maintained offline. The description of universal geographic area (as defined in 3GPP Technical Specification No. 23.032, "Description of the universal geographic area (GAD)" is used to describe all reported location estimates and error areas. Location of low precision, the indicated position is simply the center or centroid of an area of equal position probability. 1) LES1: When only the cell identifier information is available When only one or more cell identifiers are reported during the NMR data collection time period, a location estimation method is presented, which could be better than or equal to the standard available CID solution, which reports the position of the cell site of the primary service cell.
When a single service cell identifier only reports the location estimate, it is calculated as the service centroid it provides service to the geographical area of the cell.
When only two or more of service cell identifiers are reported, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the common region with the greatest number of overlap of the service area geographic areas of the reported service cells. For example, when three service cells are reported and no common region is between the service areas of the three service cells, then the common overlay region is selected instead with the service areas of only two service cells. .
When one or more neighbor cell identifiers only report without any information from the service cell, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the common region with the highest number of overlap of the neighboring geographic areas of the neighboring cells reported.
When one or more neighboring cells are present, in addition to one or more service cells, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the common region of several service geographic areas of the reported service cells with the largest number of overlapping cells and more oriented toward the centroid direction of maximum overlap of neighboring geographic areas of additional reported neighboring cells. The location estimate for single or multiple combinations of service cell identifiers informed of availability over the NMR data collection time can be calculated in real time or loaded from a database position of a pre-established allocation table created and kept offline for each individual portion or various combinations of service cells within an area of specific position service (LSA).
Figure 12 Figure 12 graphically represents a location estimate based on the service area of a cell identifier. A latitude assignment 1201 and length 1202 is used to help represent the position of the cell identifier. For an omnidirectional cell centered on the base station antenna 1204, the reported position is that of the antenna of the base station 1204 with an error probability equal to the service area 1203. For a cell of 120 degrees (sectored in 3) using a directional base station antenna, the reported position 1206 is placed in the center of mass of the service area 1205. For a 60 degree cell (sectorized in 6) using a directional base station antenna, the reported position 1208 is placed in the center of mass of the service area 1207.
The improvements, based on the acquisition and use of historical location data, can be used to modify the location and location of reported errors, as described in patent application US 12 / 870,564; "Location accuracy improvements using a priori probabilities" Figure 13 Figure 13 graphically represents the neighboring area based on the estimation of the location of two sister cells. Plotted on a map of latitude 1301 and longitude, the sister cells are each of the sectors in the same base station 1303. The service area of the service sector 1304 and the service area of the neighboring sector 1305 are used to determine the position estimated 1306 and the error area based on the overlap between service areas.
Figure 14 Figure 14 graphically represents the location estimate based on the neighboring area of two non-sister cells. Shown on latitude map 1401 and length 1402, the service and neighbor cells (shown as sectors in this example) are based on two different base stations 1403, 1404. The service area of the service cell 1405 and the service area of the neighboring cell 1406 overlap. The center of area 1407 of overlap area 1408 is reported as the estimated position, while the dimensions of overlap area 1408 are used to describe the area of error.
Figure 15 Figure 15 graphically represents the location estimate based on the neighboring area of three cells with a common region. As shown in latitude 1501 and length 1502, three base stations 1503, 1504, 1505 have cells with overlapping service areas 1506, 1507, 1508. The centroid 1509 of the overlap area 1510 is reported as the location estimate and the description of the geographic area of the overlap area 1510 is reported as the error estimate.
Figure 16 Figure 16 shows graphically the estimation of the base position in the neighboring areas of three cells without a common / single overlay service area. In this example, plotted on a latitude 1601 map and longitude 1602, three base stations 1603, 1604, 1605 are sectorized. The service areas 1606, 1607, 1608 do not share a common overlap area, however; two service areas 1606, 1607 overlap, creating a partially common service area 1610. Instead of discarding the information obtained from the existence of the service area not included 1608, the estimated informed position 1609 is displaced from the center of the zone partially common 1610 in the address of the service area not included 1608 of the base station 1605. The offset is determined from the relative power received from the base station 1605 compared to that of the other base stations 1603, 1604. 2) LES2: When only the cell identifier v the time information is available When one or more service cells with valid time information are informed during the NMR data collection time period, a location estimation method is presented, which could be better or the same as the standard position identifier position. available cell + timing range (for example, CGI + TA in GSM) of the primary service cell. The primary service cell is the cell closest to the MS with the lowest timing information value, when one or more service cells report the timing values.
An estimate of the distance, together with the associated range uncertainty of a reported cell site location service can be calculated from the measured time information network. The estimate of range of distance for each timing value could be defined by a simple closed-form equation or a set of well-known shapes, such as a circle or a rectangle enclosing the complex shape of the geographical distance range area based on a Modeling prediction of sophisticated radio propagation.
When the timing information for a single service cell is reported during a time period of NMR data collection, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the timing range band of the service cell sector. along the radial direction over the uncertainty of the associated range along the angular direction within the service area of the service cell.
When the timing information for two or more service cells is reported in a time period of NMR data collection, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the common region of several range bands based on sector timing. of the service cell along the radial direction over the associated range uncertainty and along the angular direction within the service areas of the reported service cells. The estimation of the final location is limited to being within the range range band of the primary service cell along the centroid direction of the common region of the primary service cell position.
When one or more service cell identifiers are also reported without any timing information, in addition to one or service cells with valid timing information, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the common region based on the timing information and more oriented towards the direction of the maximum overlap of the geographical areas of the server of the additional service cells reported. The final location estimate is limited to being within the range range band of the primary service cell along the direction of the best estimate of the previous location from the position of the primary service cell.
When one or more neighbor cell identifiers are presented without any power information, in addition to one or more service cells with the timing information, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the timing information based on the common region and oriented more towards the direction of the maximum overlap of neighboring geographic areas of the additional neighboring cells reported. The estimation of the final location is limited to being within the range range band of the primary service cell along the direction of the best estimate of the previous location of the position of the primary service cell.
The location estimate for the single or multiple timing informed service cells and combinations of power availability over the NMR data collection time can be calculated in real time or loaded from a database table position of pre-established assignment created and maintained off-line for each individual service cell or multiple combinations of service cells within an area of specific position service (LSA).
Figure 17 Figure 17 graphically represents the location estimate based on a combination of timing range and 3-cell service areas. As shown in latitude map 1701 and length 1702, in this example the three base stations 1703, 1704, 1705 have a common area 1709. In this example, common area 1709 is limited by the service areas of 1706 cells , 1708 and by a band of timing range 1707. The reported location estimate 1710 is calculated as the center of gravity of the common area and the estimate of the error area is reported using the area and shape of the common area 1710.
Figure 18 Figure 18 graphically represents the location estimate based on a combination of timing ranges and service areas of 3 cells over a region defined by latitude 1801 and longitude 1802. As shown in this example, the timing range information is available from two base stations 1803, 1804, while acquiring at least one beacon from the third base station 1805 and, therefore, the service area 1808. A common area 1810 is formed by the intersection of the two bands of range 1806, 1807 and the service area 1808. The reported location estimate 1809 is calculated as the centroid of the common area 1810 and the estimate of the error area is reported as the dimensions of the common area 1810 . 3) LES3: When only the cell identifiers v the power information is available for one or more of the neighboring v / o service cells without any pair of siblings The distance estimation, together with the uncertainty associated to the range from a site location of the neighboring or service cells, can be calculated from the measured mobile power information normalized with its effective radiated power (ERP) by means of the loss model. trajectory. The estimation of the range of distance for each power value could be defined by a closed-form equation or a set of well-known shapes, such as a circle or a rectangle, enclosing the complex shape of the geographical distance range area on the base of a prediction modeling of sophisticated radio propagation.
When only the power information is reported for one or more service cells during a time period of NMR data collection, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the region with the highest number of superposition of several cells of the NMR. service in the service areas and power is reported based on range bands along the radial direction over the associated range uncertainty.
When only the power information is reported for one or more neighboring cells during a time period of NMR data collection, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the region with the largest number of superimpositions of several neighboring cells of the NMR. neighboring areas and the reported power is based on range bands along the radial direction on the associated range uncertainty.
When power information is reported for two or more service cells and / or neighbors during an NMR time period of data collection, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the common region of various portions and / or areas neighboring and range bands based on the reported power along the radial and angular directions over the associated range uncertainty.
The location estimate for the case power availability of one or more service cells and / or neighbors reported in the absence of sibling pairs over the time of NMR data collection can be calculated in real time or loaded from a table of preset position assignment in a database created and maintained off-line for each individual or multiple service cell or neighbor or combinations of service cells and / or neighbors within a specific position service area (LSA).
Figure 19 Figure 19 graphically represents the location estimate based on the variation of power from the service cell and at least two neighboring cells. In this example, three base stations 1903, 1904, 1905 serve a geographic region dimensioned by latitude 1901 and longitude 1902. Three bands of derived power range 1906, 1907, 1908 are available for positioning. The common area 1910 created from the intersection of the three power range bands 1906, 1907, 1908 calculates the centroid 1909 of the common area 1910. The centroid 1909 is reported as the estimated position, while the size and shape of the common area 1910 are reported as the estimate of error.
Figure 20 Figure 20 graphically represents the location estimate based on the variation of power from the service cells and the service areas of at least two neighboring cells. As shown in the map of longitude 2002 and latitude 2001, in this example, the three base stations 2003, 2004, 2005 have a common area 2010 formed from the service areas 2006, 2008 of the neighboring cells 2035, 2003 and a band of power rank 2007 of the service cell 2004. Based on the common area 2010, the centroid is calculated 2009. The centroid 2009 is then reported as the estimated position, while the size and shape of the common area 2010 it is reported as the error estimate. 4) LES4: When the cell identifier and the power information is available for two or more neighboring service cells v / o with one or more pairs of siblings A special case of using power measurements from at least one pair of sibling cells could simplify the overall costs of the complexity of the location estimation and implementation system to achieve the same level of accuracy by canceling the complex impairments of the radio propagation path between the sibling cells and the MS. A pair of siblings comprises two descending transmission antennas of a multisector cell site, which are 100 meters apart and their main beam antenna pattern pointing in different directions.
When a single pair of siblings is only reported in the input NMR data, the location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the common region between the angular azimuth band estimated with the uncertainty associated with the position of the sister cell tower based in the relative power, the distance bands based on the power along the radial and azimuthal directions on the uncertainty associated to the range and the service areas and / or neighbors of all the individual cells reported. The estimation of the final location is limited to being within the azimuth band based on the pair of siblings.
When two or more pairs of siblings are informed in the input NMR data, the preliminary search area is calculated as the common region of the corresponding azimuth bands estimated from each position of the sibling pair tower based on its relative power . The preliminary search area is further reduced by the use of the maximum overlapping surface of the service and / or neighboring areas, as well as the sources of distance bands based on the power along the radial and azimuthal direction on the uncertainty associated with the range of individual cells reported, if possible. The estimation of the final location is calculated as the centroid of the reduced preliminary search area and is limited to being within the preliminary search area based on the relative power of sibling pairs.
The location estimate for the case of power availability of one or more reported service cells and / or neighboring cells in the presence of sibling pairs over the NMR data collection time can be calculated in real time or loaded from a position assignment table pre-established database created and maintained off-line for each primary service cell or multiple combinations of service cells and / or neighbors within a specific location service area (LSA).
Figure 21 Figure 21 shows graphically the location estimate based on the variation of power from the service cell and a sister neighbor cell. Plotted on a latitudinal map 2101 and longitudinal 2102, a single base station 2103 supports at least two cells (sectors). Known as a pair of siblings before the position calculation, the two sister cells allow the production of two range bands based on the power 2104, 2105 and a vector angle 2106. The intersection of the bands of the power range 2104, 2105 and the angle vector 2106 produces an equipotential area 2108 that which the centroid 2107 is reported as the location estimate and the equipotential area 2108 is reported as the error estimate.
Figure 22 Figure 22 graphically represents the location estimate using the power variation between the sister cells and the service area of at least one additional neighbor cell. In this example, three base stations 2203, 2204, 2205 are represented in a geographic area defined by latitude 2203 and longitude 2202. At least one base station 2204 has a pair of sibs of sets of cells (sectors). From the pair of siblings, two bands of power range 2207, 2208 and an angle vector 2210 can be determined. These measurements combined with service areas 2206, 2209 from the nearby base stations 2203, 2205 form a common area 2211 (in this example). The centroid 2212 of the common area 2211 is reported as the location estimate and the equipotential common area 2211 is reported as the error estimate.
Figure 23 Figure 23 graphically shows the location estimate by the variation of power between the sister cells and the power range of an additional neighbor cell. As shown in latitude map 2301 and length 2302, at least two base stations 2303 2304 are geographically close. A base station 2303 has a pair of cell sibs (sectors) that allows two power measurements and, therefore, calculate two power range bands 2306, 2307. In addition to the two power measurements, a vector can be derived Angle 2308. Using the 2305 power range band, determined from the transmissions of the other base stations 2303 with the above, a common area 2310 can be determined. The centroid 2309 of the common area 2310 is reported as the estimate of the location and the equipotential common area 2310 is reported as the error estimate. 51 LES5: When cell identifier information is available the time v / o the power for one or more of the neighboring v / o service cells without sibling pair When the timing information for one or more service cells is communicated in a time period of NMR data collection, the preliminary search area is calculated as the common region of several bands of data. range based on the timing of the service cell sector along the radial and angular directions over the associated range uncertainty.
The preliminary search area based on the timing could be further reduced by using the distance bands based on power along the radial and azimuthal directions over the associated range uncertainty, the service and neighbor areas of all the cells of service and informed neighbors. The final location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the final search area and is limited to being within the preliminary search area based on the timing.
The location estimate for the case of one or more service cells and / or neighbors reported and / or the power availability in the absence of sibling pairs over the NMR data collection time could be calculated in real time or loaded from a pre-established location mapping table database created and maintained off-line for each primary service cell or multiple combinations of service and / or neighbor cells within a specific position service area (LSA).
Figure 24 Figure 24 graphically depicts the location estimate using cell identifier, time and / or power information as available to one or more of the service and / or neighbor cells without any sibling pair (s). As shown in latitude map 2401 and length 2402, four base stations 2403, 2404, 2405, 2406 are geographically close. In this example, two base stations 2404, 2406 have cells with a consumption of registered power and, therefore, two power range bands 2410, 2411 can be represented by the information cells (sectors). Two base stations 2403, 2405 have an information cell (which produces the service areas 2407, 2409) and a time range for each cell 2408, 2412. The combination of the geographic areas of the area (s) of service 2402, 2409, power band (s) 2410, 2411, and distribution band (s) 2408, 2412 produce a common area 2413. The centroid 2414 of common area 2413 is reported as the location estimate and the equipotential common area 2413 is reported as the error estimate. 6) LES6: When cell identifier information is available, the time v / o the power for one or more of the neighboring v service cells with one or more sibling pairs When the timing information for one or more service cells is communicated in a time period of NMR data collection, the preliminary search area is calculated as the common region of range bands based on the timing of several sectors of service cells along the radial and angular directions over the associated range uncertainty. The search area based on the timing of the service cells is further reduced by adopting the region of maximum overlap of the azimuth bands estimated from the one or more sister cell towers based on the relative power of the pairs of brothers.
The preliminary search area based on the timing and the pair of brothers of relative power could be further reduced by the use of distance bands based on the power along the radial and azimuthal direction over the associated range uncertainty, the service and neighbor areas of all the service and neighbor cells reported. The estimate of the final location is calculated as the centroid of the final search area and is limited to be within the preliminary search area based on the timing and the relative power of the pair of siblings.
The location estimate for the case of one or more service cells and / or neighbors reported and availability of time and / or power with the presence of sibling pairs over the NMR data collection time can be calculated in real time or loaded into a pre-established location allocation table database created and maintained off-line for each primary service cell or multiple combinations of service and / or neighbor cells within a specific position service area (LSA).
Figure 25 Figure 25 graphically shows the location estimate by cell identifier information, time and / or power as available to one or more of the service cells and neighbors with one or more sibling pairs. As shown in the map of latitude 2501 and longitude 2502, four base stations 2503, 2504, 2505, 2506 are geographically close in this example. Two base stations 2404, 2406 have cells with reported power and, therefore, two power range bands 2507, 2509 can be plotted for the reported cells (sectors). A base station 2505 has an information cell (which produces the service area 2510) and a cell with a timing range 2511. A 2503 base station has two similarly equipped cells that report the power, so there is a sibling pair condition and an angle based on the power that occurs 2508. The combination of the geographical areas of the 2510 service area , the band (s) of power range 2507, 2509, the timing band 2511 and the angle measurement from the pair of siblings produce a common area 2512. The centroid 2513 of the common area 2512 is reported as the The location estimate and the equipotential common area 2512 is reported as the error estimate.
Any of the aforementioned aspects can be implemented in methods, systems, computer-readable data, or any type of manufacturing. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. For example, aspects of the invention can be executed in a programmed computer. Therefore, the methods and apparatuses of the invention, or certain aspects or parts thereof can take the form of program code (ie, instructions) supported by tangible means, such as diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium where, when the program code is loaded and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. In the case of the execution of program code in programmable computers, the computer device generally includes a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including a volatile and non-volatile memory and / or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. These programs are preferably implemented in a high-level procedure or object-oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program (s) can be implemented in the assembly language or machine, if desired. In any case, the language can be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations. In exemplary embodiments, a computer readable storage medium may include, for example, a random access memory (RAM), a storage device, eg, electromechanical hard disk, solid state hard disk, etc., firmware, for example, RAM or FLASH ROM, and removable storage devices, such as CD-ROMs, diskettes, DVDs, flash drives, external storage devices, etc., although it should be appreciated by experts in the field that other types of Computer-readable storage media can be used, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video discs, Bernoulli cartridges, and the like. The computer readable storage medium can provide non-volatile storage of executable instructions per processor, data structures, program modules and other data for a computer. conclusion The true scope of the present invention is not limited to the presently preferred embodiments described herein. For example, the Prior disclosure of the methods and systems for use in locating a mobile device and for the computational selection of a location estimation solution uses explanatory terms, such as wireless location system, base transceiver station (BTS), network of measurement report (NMR), timing advance (TA), cell identifier, scenarios (LES1, LES2, etc.), and the like, which should not be construed to limit the scope of protection of the following claims, or imply by the In contrast, the inventive aspects of location techniques based on time and power and the ways of selecting a location estimation solution are limited to the particular methods and apparatus disclosed. Accordingly, unless expressly limited in this way, the scope of protection of the following claims is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments described above.

Claims (75)

1. A method for its use in the location of a mobile device, comprising: causing the mobile device to receive beacon signals from a service base transceiver station (BTS) and one or more adjacent BTSs, where each BTS is located at a cell site and each beacon signal includes cell identification information ( CID); detecting a number of sibling pairs based on the received beacon signals, where a pair of sibs comprises two downlink transmission antennas that are co-located sectors of a multisector cell site; Y select a predefined localization method based on the number of pairs of siblings detected.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the number of detected pairs of siblings is one, and in response thereto is selected one of a single site location method or an adjacent site location method.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the single site location method is selected in response to the determination that the pair of sibs is with a service site; and where the method of locating The unique site comprises determining an angular sector with respect to a service cell and a range from the service cell to the mobile device.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method is used to geolocate a mobile device operating in a sectorized wireless communications network (WCN) with medium precision using information about the WCN that is stored in a database in combination with the measurements made by the mobile device in the network in the course of mobility support.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the information stored in the database includes the geographic positions of the cell sites, the spatial response of the sectorized antennas, including their geographical orientation and their downward inclination, and the sector identifiers. that are issued through each BTS.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the measurements of mobile devices broadcast beacon power received from each of a number of cell sites and report the measured power and identity of the cell site sectors that have the highest measured powers, as well as a timing advance value (TA) determined by the network and transmitted to the mobile device, where the value TA serves as a measure of the range of a service cell sector to the mobile device.
7. A method according to claim 4, wherein a support / angle of a cell site zoned to the mobile device is determined from power measurements of a pair of adjacent sectors (siblings) and knowledge of spatial response and orientation of the antennas of the sector.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein a value of range of timing or range value derived from the power of a service cell with measurements of power difference between siblings with the highest measured powers of one or more cell sites it is used to determine a location estimate of the mobile device.
9. A system configured to locate a mobile device, the system comprising at least one processor and at least one storage medium coupled in communication with said at least one processor, the storage means having stored in the same instructions executable by computer to instruct the processor to cause the following steps: to cause the mobile device to receive beacon signals from a service base transceiver station (BTS) and one or more adjacent BTSs, where each BTS is located at a cell site and each beacon signal includes information of cell identification (CID); detecting a number of sibling pairs based on the received beacon signals, where a pair of siblings comprises the downlink transmission antennas which are two co-located sectors of a cell site multisectorial; Y select a predefined position method based on the number of pairs of siblings detected.
10. A system according to claim 9, wherein the number of sibling pairs detected is one, and in response thereto is selected one of a single site location method or an adjacent site location method.
11. A system according to claim 10, wherein the single site location method is selected in response to the determination that the pair of sibs is with a service site; and wherein the unique site location method comprises determining an angular sector with respect to a service cell and a range from the service cell to the mobile device.
12. A system according to claim 9, wherein the method is used to geolocate a mobile device operating in a sectorized wireless communications network (WCN) with medium precision using information about the WCN, which is stored in a database in combination with the measurements made by the mobile device in the network in the course of mobility support.
A system according to claim 12, wherein the information stored in the database includes the geographical positions of the cell sites, the spatial response of sectorized antennas, including their geographical orientation and descending inclination, and identities of the sector that are issued by each BTS.
14. A system according to claim 12, wherein the measurements of the mobile device emit beacon power received from each of a number of cell sites and report the measured power and identity of the cell site sectors that have the highest measured powers, as well as a timing advance value (TA) determined by the network and transmitted to the mobile device, where the TA value serves as a measure of the range from a service cell sector to the mobile device.
15. A system according to claim 12, wherein a support / angle from a cell site zoned to the mobile device is determined from the power measurements of a pair of adjacent sectors (siblings) and the knowledge of the spatial response and the orientation of the antennas of the sector.
16. A system according to claim 15, wherein a value of range of timing or range derived from the power of a service cell with measurements of power difference between siblings with the highest measured powers of one or more cell sites is used to determine an estimate of location of the mobile device.
17. A computer-readable non-transient storage medium that stores in the same computer-executable instructions for the location of a mobile device, said instructions being executable by computer: instructions for making the mobile device receive beacon signals from a service base transceiver station (BTS) and one or more adjacent BTSs, where each BTS is located at a cell site and each beacon signal includes the identification information of cell (CID); instructions for the detection of a number of pairs of sibs based on the received beacon signals, where a pair of sibs comprises two downlink transmission antennas that are co-located sectors of a multisector cell site; and instructions for the selection of a predefined localization method based on the number of pairs of siblings detected.
18. A computer readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein the number of detected pairs of sibs is one, and in response thereto is selected one of a single site location method or an adjacent site location method.
19. A computer-readable storage medium in accordance with the claim 18, wherein the single site location method is selected in response to the determination that the pair of sibs is with a service site; and wherein the unique site location method comprises determining an angular sector with respect to a service cell and a range from the service cell to the mobile device.
20. A computer readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein the method is used to geolocate a mobile device operating in a sectorized wireless communications network (WCN) with medium precision using information about the WCN that is stored in a database in combination with the measurements made by the mobile device in the network in the course of mobility support.
21. A computer readable storage medium according to claim 20, wherein the information stored in the database includes the geographical positions of the cell sites, the spatial response of sectorized antennas, including their geographical orientation and their downward inclination, and the sector identifiers that are issued by each BTS.
22. A computer-readable storage medium according to claim 20, wherein the measurements of mobile devices emit beacon power received from each of a number of cell sites and report the measured power and identity of the sectors of the cell. cell site that have the greater measured powers, as well as a timing advance value (TA) determined by the network and transmitted to the mobile device, where the value TA serves as a range measurement from a service cell sector to the mobile device.
23. A computer readable storage medium according to claim 20, wherein a support / angle of a cell site zoned to the mobile device is determined from power measurements of a pair of adjacent sectors (siblings) and knowledge of the response and spatial orientation of sector antennas.
24. A computer-readable storage medium according to claim 23, wherein a time interval or range value derived from the power of a service cell is used with the power difference measurements between siblings with the highest measured powers of one or more cell sites to determine an estimate of the position of the mobile device.
25. A mobile device configured to detect location measurements, the mobile device comprising: means for receiving beacon signals from a service base transceiver station (BTS) and one or more adjacent BTSs, where each BTS is located at a cell site and each beacon signal includes cell identification information (CID); Y means for detecting a number of sibling pairs based on the received beacon signals, where a pair of sibs comprises two downlink transmission antennas that are co-located sectors of a multisector cell site.
26. A mobile device according to claim 25, further comprising means for selecting a predefined location method based on the number of pairs of siblings detected.
27. A mobile device according to claim 26, further comprising means for selecting one of a single site location method or an adjacent site location method when the number of pairs of siblings detected is one.
28. A mobile device according to claim 27, wherein the single site location method is selected in response to the determination that the pair of siblings is with a service site.
29. A mobile device according to claim 28, wherein the unique site location method comprises determining an angular sector with respect to a service cell and a range from the service cell to the mobile device.
30. A mobile device according to claim 25, wherein the mobile device is configured to operate in a sectorized wireless communications network (WCN) and the method is employed to geolocate the mobile device with precision measurements using measurements made by the mobile device in the network in the course of mobility support and the information about the WCN accessible from a database.
31. A mobile device according to claim 30, wherein the information in the database includes the geographic positions of the cell sites, the spatial response of sectorized antennas, including their geographical orientation and their downward inclination, and the identifiers of the sector that they are issued through each BTS.
32. A mobile device according to claim 30, wherein the mobile device further comprises means for measuring the beacon power of emission it receives from each of a number of cell sites and means for determining the measured power and the identity of the sectors of cell site having the highest measured power, as well as a timing advance value (TA) determined by the network and transmitted to the mobile device, where the TA value serves as a measure of the range from a service cell sector to the mobile device.
33. A mobile device according to claim 30, wherein a support / angle of a cell site sectored to the mobile device is determined to from measurements of power of a pair of adjacent sectors (siblings) and knowledge of the spatial response and orientation of the antennas in the sector.
34. A mobile device according to claim 33, wherein a value of range of timing or range derived from the power of a service cell with measurements of the power difference between siblings with the highest measured power of one or more sites of Cells are used to determine a location estimate of the mobile device.
35. A location server for use in locating a mobile device, the location server comprising at least one processor and at least one storage medium coupled in communication with said at least one processor, the storage means having the storage medium therein. instructions executable by computer to instruct the processor to do the following stages: detecting a number of sibling pairs based on the beacon signal information received from the mobile device based on beacon signals from a service base transceiver station (BTS) and one or more adjacent BTSs, where each BTS is located at a cell site and each beacon signal includes cell identification information (CID), where a pair of siblings comprises downlink transmission antennas that are two co-located sectors of a multisector cell site; Y select a predefined location method based on the number of pairs of siblings detected.
36. A location server according to claim 35, wherein the number of sibling pairs detected is one, and in response thereto is selected one of a single site location method or an adjacent site location method.
37. A location server according to claim 35, wherein the unique site location method is selected in response to the determination that the pair of siblings is with a service site.
38. A location server according to claim 37, wherein the unique site location method comprises determining an angular sector with respect to a service cell and a range from the service cell to the mobile device.
39. A location server according to claim 35, wherein the method is used to geolocate a mobile device operating in a sectorized wireless communications network (WCN) with medium precision using information about the WCN that is stored on a base of data in combination with the measurements made by the mobile device in the network in the course of mobility support.
40. A location server according to claim 39, wherein the information stored in the database includes the geographic positions of the cell sites, the spatial response of sectorized antennas, including their geographical orientation and their downward inclination, and the identifiers of the sector that are issued through each BTS.
41. A location server according to claim 39, wherein the measurements of the mobile devices emit beacon power received from each of a number of cell sites and report the measured power and the identity of the site sectors of the cell. cell having the highest measured powers, as well as a timing advance value (TA) determined by the network and transmitted to the mobile device, where the value TA serves as a measure of the range from a service cell sector to the mobile device.
42. A location server according to claim 39, wherein a bearing / angle of a cell site zoned to the mobile device is determined from power measurements of a pair of adjacent sectors (siblings) and knowledge of the spatial response and the orientation of the antennas of the sector.
43. A location server according to claim 42, wherein a value of timing range or power range derived from a service cell with power difference measurements between siblings with the highest measured powers of one or more cell sites is used to Determine a location estimate of the mobile device.
44. A method for selecting a location estimation solution in a wireless location system, comprising: collect network measurement report (NMR) data over a period of time (STAGE 1101); preprocess the NMR data (STAGE 1102); determine from the preprocessed data of the NMR whether the cells are present with valid timing measurements (STEP 1103); . determine from the preprocessed data of the NMR whether the cells are present with valid power measurements (STAGS 1104, 1109); and activating a scenario for the selection of a location estimation solution based on at least one result of determining whether the cells are present with the valid timing and / or power measurements.
45. The method according to claim 44, further comprising: determining that no cells are present with valid timing measurements; determine that there are no cells present with valid power measurements; Y activate a scenario (LES1) to select a location estimation solution when a cell identifier information is available (STAGE 1105).
46. The method according to claim 45, wherein the scenario LES1 comprises: determine whether a single service cell identifier is reported, and if so, calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the service area of the service cell; determining whether two or more service cell identifiers are reported, and if so, calculating the location estimate as the centroid of a common region with a higher number of the overlapping service geographic areas of the reported service cells; determine if one or more neighboring cell identifiers are reported without any service cell information, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of a common region with a higher number of geographic service areas overlapping the neighboring cells informed; Y determine whether one or more neighboring cells are reported in addition to one or more service cells, and if so calculate the estimation of the location as the centroid of a common region of several geographic service areas of the service cells reported with a number highest superimposed cells, where the estimate of the calculated location and is oriented towards the centroid direction of the maximum overlap of the neighboring geographic areas of the additional reported neighboring cells.
47. The method according to claim 44, further comprising: determine that at least one cell is present with valid timing measurements; determine that there are no cells present with valid power measurements; Y activate a scenario (LES2) to select a location estimation solution, when only cell identifier information and time is available (STAGE 1110).
48. The method according to claim 47, wherein the LES2 scenario comprises: determine whether the timing information for a single service cell is reported during a time period of collecting data from the NMR, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the timing range band of the sector of the service cell along a radial direction over the associated range uncertainty and along an angular direction within the service area of the service cell; determine whether the timing information for two or more service cells is reported in a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of a common region of several range bands of service cell sector timing along a radial direction through an associated range uncertainty and along an angular direction within the areas of the reported service cells, where a final location estimate is limited to to be within the range range band of the primary service cell along the centroid direction of a common region from the location of the primary service cell; determining whether one or more service cell identifiers are also reported without any timing information, in addition to one or more service cells with valid timing information, and if so calculate the estimation of the location as the centroid of a common region based on the timing information and more oriented towards a maximum overlap direction of the geographical areas of the service cell of the additional reported service cells, where an estimate of the final location is limited to being within the range range of distance of the primary service cell along a direction of a best estimate of previous location from the location of the primary service cell; Y determining whether one or more neighboring cell identifiers are reported without any power information, in addition to one or more service cells with timing information, and if so calculate the estimation of the location as the centroid of the common region based on the timing information and more oriented towards a direction of maximum overlap of neighboring geographic areas of additional reported neighboring cells, where an estimate of the final location is limited to being within the range range band of the primary service cell as length of the direction of a better estimate of the previous location of the position of the primary service cell.
49. The method according to claim 44, further comprising: determining that no cells are present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements; determine that there are no pairs of siblings present (STAGE 1106); and activating a scenario (LES3) to select a location estimation solution when only cell and power identifier information is available for one or more of the service cells and / or neighbors without any pair of siblings (STAGE 1107).
50. The method according to claim 49, wherein the LES3 scenario comprises: determine if only one power information for one or more service cells is reported during a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the region with the highest number of overlaps of various service cell service areas and power-based range bands reported along a radial direction over the associated range uncertainty; determine if only one power information for one or more neighboring cells is reported during a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the region with the highest number of superposition of several neighboring cell areas neighbor and range bands based on power along a radial direction over the associated range uncertainty; Y determine whether the power information of two or more service cells and / or neighbors is reported during a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the estimation of the location as the centroid of a common region of several service areas and / or neighbors and report range bands based on power along radial and angular directions over the associated range uncertainty.
51. The method according to claim 44, further comprising: determining that no cells are present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements; determine that at least one pair of siblings is present (STAGE 1106); Y activating a scenario (LES4) to select a location estimation solution when cell and power identifier information is available for two or more service cells and / or neighbors with one or more sibling pairs (STAGE 1108).
52. The method according to claim 51, wherein the LES4 scenario comprises: determine if a single pair of siblings is reported in the NMR data, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of a common region between an angular azimuth band estimated with the uncertainty associated with the position of the tower. Sister cells based on relative power, distance bands based on power along radial and azimuthal directions plus an associated range uncertainty and service areas and / or neighbors of all reported cells, in a position estimate final is limited to being within an azimuth band based on pair of siblings; Y determine if two or more pairs of siblings are reported in the NMR data, and if so calculate a preliminary search area as a common region of the corresponding azimuth bands estimated from each position of the sibling pair tower in based on its relative power.
53. The method according to claim 52, wherein the preliminary search area is further reduced by the use of a maximum overlapped area of service and / or neighboring areas, as well as distance bands based on the power along the radial and azimuthal directions over an associated range uncertainty of the reported cells, and where a final location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the reduced preliminary search area and is limited to be within the preliminary search area based on the relative power of pairs of brothers.
The method according to claim 44, further comprising determine that at least one cell is present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements; determine that there are no pairs of siblings present (STAGE 1111); and activating a scenario (LES5) to select a location estimation solution when the cell identifier information, time and / or power is available to one or more of the service cells and / or neighbors without any type of pairs of brothers (STAGE 1113).
55. The method according to claim 54, wherein the LES5 scenario comprises: determine whether the time information for one or more service cells is communicated in a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate a preliminary search area as a common time region based on different range bands of the service cell sector along the radial and angular directions over associated range uncertainty; Y reduce the preliminary search area based on timing by using distance bands based on power along radial and azimuth directions over an associated range uncertainty, service and neighbor areas of all service and neighboring cells informed, where an estimate of the final location is calculated as the centroid of a final search area and is limited to be within the search area preliminary based on timing.
56. The method according to claim 44, further comprising: determining that at least one cell is present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements (STAGE 1109); determine that at least one pair of siblings is present (STAGE 1111); Y activate a scenario (LES6) to select a location estimation solution when the cell identifier, time and / or power information is available to one or more of the service cells and neighbors with one or more pairs of siblings ( STAGE 1112).
57. The method according to claim 56, wherein the LES6 scenario comprises: determining whether the timing information for one or more of the service cells is communicated in a time period of NMR data collection, and if so, calculating a preliminary search area as a common timing region based on bands of different range of the service cell sector along radial and angular directions over an associated range uncertainty; reduce the search area based on the timing of the cells of service taking a region of maximum superposition of azimuth bands estimated from the one or more sibling cell towers based on pairs of relative strength siblings; Y further reduce preliminary search area based on timing and sibling pairs of relative power by using distance bands based on power along radial and azimuthal directions over an associated range uncertainty, service areas and neighbors of all service cells and reported neighbors, where an estimate of the final position is calculated as the centroid of the final search area and is limited to be within the preliminary search area based on the timing and relative power of the pair of brothers.
58. The method according to claim 44, wherein an estimation of the location is calculated in real time.
59. The method according to claim 44, wherein a location estimate is loaded from a pre-established location mapping table database created and maintained off-line for each individual service or neighbor cell or multiple combinations of service cells and / or neighbors within a specific position service area (LSA).
60. A wireless location system (WLS) configured to select a location estimation solution using data from a report Network measurement (NMR) collected for a duration of time, where the system is configured to: preprocess the NMR data; determine from the preprocessed data of the NMR whether the cells are present with valid timing measurements; determine from the preprocessed data of the NMR whether the cells are present with the valid power measurements; Y activating a scenario for the selection of a location estimation solution based on at least one result of determining whether the cells are present with valid timing and / or power measurements.
61. The system according to claim 60, wherein the system is further configured to: determine that there are no cells present with valid timing measurements; determine that there are no cells present with valid power measurements; Y activate a scenario (LES1) to select a location estimation solution when cell identifier information is available (STAGE 1105).
62. The system according to claim 61, wherein the LES1 scenario comprises: determine whether a single service cell identifier is reported, and if so, calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the service area of the service cell; determining whether two or more service cell identifiers are reported, and if so calculating the location estimate as the centroid of a common region with a higher number of overlapping geographical service areas of the reported service cells; determine if one or more neighboring cell identifiers are reported without any information from the service cell, and if so calculate the estimation of the location as the centroid of a common region with a higher number of neighboring geographic areas of superposition of the neighboring cells informed; and determining if one or more neighbor cells are reported in addition to one or more service cells, and if so calculate the estimation of the location as the centroid of a common region of several service geographic areas of the service cells reported with a highest number of superimposed cells, where the calculated location estimate is oriented towards the centroid direction of the maximum overlap of neighboring geographic areas of the additional reported neighboring cells.
63. The system according to claim 60, wherein the system is further configured to: determine that at least one cell is present with valid timing measurements; determine that there are no cells present with valid power measurements; Y activate a scenario (LES2) to select a location estimation solution when cell and time identifier information is available (STAGE 1110).
64. The system according to claim 63, wherein the LES2 scenario comprises: determine whether the timing information for a single service cell is reported during a time period of collecting data from the NMR, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the timing range band of the sector of the service cell along a radial direction over the associated range uncertainty and along an angular direction within the service area of the service cell; determine whether the timing information for two or more service cells is reported in a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of a common region of several range bands of timing of the service cell sector along a radial direction through an associated range uncertainty and along an angular direction within the areas of the reported service cells, where an estimate of the final location is limited to be within the range range band of the primary service cell along the centroid direction of a common region of the position of the primary service cell; determining whether one or more service cell identifiers are also reported without any timing information, in addition to one or more service cells with valid timing information, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of a common region based in timing information and more oriented towards a direction of maximum overlap of the geographical areas of the service cell of the additional reported service cells, where an estimate of the final location is limited to be within the band of distance range of the primary service cell along an address of a best estimate of prior location of the position of the primary service cell; Y determining whether one or more neighbor cell identifiers are reported without any power information, in addition to one or more service cells with the timing information, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the common region based on the timing information and oriented more towards a direction of maximum overlap of neighboring geographic areas of the additional reported neighboring cells, where an estimate of the final location is limited to be within the range range band of the primary service cell to along the direction of a better estimate of previous location of the primary service cell position.
65. The system according to claim 60, wherein the system is further configured to: determine that there are no cells present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements; determine that there are no sibling pairs present (STAGE 1106); and activating a scenario (LES3) to select a location estimation solution when only cell and power identifier information is available to one or more of the service cells and / or neighbors without any pair of siblings (STEP 1107).
66. The system according to claim 65, wherein the LES3 scenario comprises: determine if only one power information for one or more service cells is reported during a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the location estimate as the center of the region with the highest number of overlapping various service areas of the service cells and range bands based on the reported power along a radial direction over the associated range uncertainty; determine if only one power information for one or more neighboring cells is reported during a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of the region with the highest number of superposition of several neighboring areas of neighboring cells and range bands based on the reported power along a radial direction over the associated range uncertainty; Y determine whether the power information of two or more service cells and / or neighbors is reported during a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of a common region of several areas of service and / or neighbors and range bands based on the reported power along the radial and angular directions over the associated range uncertainty.
67. The system according to claim 60, wherein the system is further configured to: determine that there are no cells present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements; determine that at least one pair of siblings is present (STAGE 1106); Y activating a scenario (LES4) to select a location estimation solution when cell and power identifier information is available for two or more service cells and / or neighbors with one or more sibling pairs (STEP 1108).
68. The system according to claim 67, wherein the LES4 scenario comprises: determine if only one pair of siblings is reported in the NMR data, and if so calculate the location estimate as the centroid of a common region between an estimated azimuth angular band with the associated uncertainty of the tower position Sister cell based on relative power, distance bands based on power along radial and azimuthal directions over an associated range uncertainty and service areas and / or neighbors of all reported cells, in a final location estimate that is limited to be within an azimuth band based on a pair of siblings; Y determine if two or more sibling pairs are reported in the data of the NMR, and if so calculate a preliminary search area as a common region of the corresponding azimuth bands estimated from each position of the pair of brothers tower based on their relative power.
69. System according to claim 68, wherein the preliminary search area is further reduced by the use of a maximum overlapping surface of service areas and / or neighbors, as well as distance bands based on the power along the radial and azimuthal directions over an associated range uncertainty of the reported cells, and where a final location estimate is calculated as the centroid of the reduced preliminary search area and is limited to be within the preliminary search area based on the relative power of pairs of brothers.
70. The system according to claim 60, wherein the system is further configured to: determine that at least one cell is present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements; determine that there are no sibling pairs present (STAGE 1111); and activating a scenario (LES5) to select a location estimation solution when cell identifier, time and / or power information is available for one or more of the service cells and / or neighbors without any pair of siblings (STEP 1113 ).
71. The system according to claim 70, wherein the LES5 scenario comprises: determine whether the timing information for one or more service cells is communicated in a time period of NMR data collection, and if so calculate a preliminary search area as a common time region based on different range bands of the service cell sector along the radial and angular directions over an associated range uncertainty; Y reduce the preliminary search area based on timing by using distance bands based on power along radial and azimuth directions over an associated range uncertainty, service areas and neighbors of all service cells and reported neighbors, where an estimate of the final location is calculated as the centroid of a final search area and is limited to be within the preliminary search area based on the timing.
72. The system according to claim 60, wherein the system is further configured to: determine that at least one cell is present with valid timing measurements; determine that at least one cell is present with valid power measurements (STAGE 1109); determine that at least one pair of siblings is present (STAGE 1111); Y activate a scenario (LES6) to select a location estimation solution when cell identifier, time and / or power information is available for one or more of the service cells and neighbors with one or more sibling pairs (STEP 1112) .
73. The system according to claim 72, wherein the LES6 scenario comprises: determine if the time information for one or more service cells is communicated in a time period of NMR data collection, and if so, calculate a preliminary search area as a common time region based on bands of different rank of the service cell sector along the radial and angular directions on associated range uncertainty; reducing the search area based on the timing of the service cells by taking a region of maximum overlap of azimuth bands estimated from the one or more sister cell towers based on pairs of relative strength siblings; Y further reduce the preliminary search area based on the timing and relative power of sibling pairs by using distance bands based on power along the radial and azimuthal directions over an associated range uncertainty, service areas and neighbors of all reported service and neighbor cells, where an estimate of the final position is calculated as the centroid of the final search area and is limited to be within the preliminary search area based on relative timing power and torque of brothers.
74. The system according to claim 60, wherein an estimation of the location is calculated in real time.
75. The system according to claim 60, wherein a location estimate is loaded from a pre-established allocation table database position created and maintained off-line for each individual service cell or neighbor or multiple combinations of service cells and / or neighbors within a specific position service area (LSA).
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