MX2008004531A - Remotely controlled decoking tool used in coke cutting operations - Google Patents

Abstract

A system allows an operator to remotely switch between cutting and boring while removing solid carbonaceous residue from large cylindrical vessels called coke drums. The system comprises a cutting head for ejecting high pressure fluids into the coke bed;a flow diversion apparatus;and a shifting apparatus. A drill stem allows for the movement of fluids through the interior of the drill stem to a cutting tool. High pressure fluids can flow through the stem to cutting tool the cutting nozzles and out through boring nozzles or cutting nozzles. Flow of liquid either into the boring nozzles or cutting nozzles can be controlled with a flow diversion apparatus. The flow diversion apparatus can include a main body, a flow diversion cap, and a shifting apparatus.

Description

REMOTELY CONTROLLED DECOQUIZATION TOOL USED IN COKE CUTTING OPERATIONS FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for removing carbonic solid residues (after that referred to as "coke") from large cylindrical containers called coke drums. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system that allows an operator to remotely switch between cutting and drilling within a coke drum.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Petroleum refining operations in which crude oil is processed to produce gasoline, diesel fuel, lubricants, etc., frequently produce waste oils. The residual oil can be processed to produce valuable hydrocarbon products using a delayed coker unit. When processed in a residual oil with delayed coking, it is heated in an oven at a temperature sufficient to cause destructive distillation in which a substantial portion of the residual oil is converted or "coquiza" in useful hydrocarbon products, the rest produces petroleum coke, a material composed mostly of carbon. Generally, the delayed coking process involves heating the feed of heavy hydrocarbons from a distillation unit, then pumping the heated heavy feed into a large steel container commonly known as a coke drum. The non-vaporized portion of the heated heavy feed sits in the coke drum, where the combined effect of retention time and temperature causes the formation of coke. The vapors from the upper part of the coke container are returned to the base of the distillation unit for further processing in the desired light hydrocarbon products. Normal operating pressures on coke drums during decoking vary from one point seven hundred twenty-four to three point four hundred forty-seven bars (twenty-five to fifty psi). Additionally, the inlet temperature of the feed may vary between 426,667 ° C and 537,778 ° C (800 ° F and 1000 ° F). The natural size and shape of coke drums vary considerably from one installation to another. However, coke drums are generally large, straight, cylindrical containers of twenty-seven point four hundred and thirty-two to thirty point forty-eight meters (ninety to one hundred feet) in height, and six point zero ninety-six to nine point one hundred forty-four meters (twenty to thirty feet) in diameter. The coke drums have an upper head and a lower portion fitted with a lower head. Coke drums are normally present in pairs so that they can be operated alternately. The coke sits and accumulates in a container until it is full, at which time the heated feed is transferred to the alternative vacuum coke drum. While one coke drum is being filled with heated residual oil, the other container is cooling and purging coke. Coke removal, also known as decoking, begins with a cooling step in which steam, then water is introduced into the container filled with coke to complete the recovery of light, volatile hydrocarbons and to cool the coke mass respectively . After the coke drum has been filled, refined and cooled, the coke is in a solid state and the temperature is reduced to a reasonable level. The cooling water is then drained from the drum through the pipe to allow safe removal of the drum covers. The drum is then vented to atmospheric pressure when the lower opening is uncovered, to allow the removal of the coke. Once the removal of the caps is complete, the coke in the drum is cut off from the drum by high pressure water jets. Decoking is achieved in most plants using a hydraulic system comprised of a drilling rod and a drill bit that direct the high-pressure water in the coke bed. Rotary combination drill bit, is referred to as the cutting tool, typically is about fifty-five point eighty-eight centimeters (twenty-two inches) in diameter with several nozzles, and is mounted at the lower end of a rod to drill long hollow of about seventeen point seventy-eight centimeters (seven inches) in diameter. The drill bit is lowered into the container, in the drilling rod, through an opening in the upper part of the container. A "drill hole" is drilled through the coke using the nozzles, which eject the high-pressure water at an angle of approximately 66 degrees from the horizontal. This creates a pilot drill hole, from about zero point sixty-one to zero point nine hundred fourteen meters (two to three feet) in diameter, for the coke to fall. After the initial drilling hole is complete, the drill bit is then mechanically changed to at least two horizontal nozzles in preparation for cutting the "cutting" hole, which extends to the full diameter of the drum. In the cutting mode, the nozzles shoot water jets horizontally outwards, rotating slowly with the auger to drill, and those jets cut the coke into pieces, which fall out of the open bottom part of the container, into a chute that directs the Coke to a reception area. The drill rod is then removed from the tabbed opening in the upper part of the container. Finally, the upper part and the lower part of the container close when replacing the head units, tabs or other closing devices employed in the container unit. The container is then cleaned and is ready for the next filling cycle with the supply of heavy hydrocarbons. After the drilling hole is made, the drilling rod must be removed from the coke drum and re-established in the cutting mode. This takes time, is inconvenient and potentially dangerous if the hydraulic cutting system is not turned off before the drilling rod rises out of the upper opening of the drum, the operators are exposed to the high pressure water jet and are presented serious injuries that include dismemberment. In other systems, the modes are switched automatically. Frequently, in automatic switching systems, it is difficult to determine whether or not the drilling rod is in the cutting or drilling mode, because all commutation takes place inside the drum. Errors in identifying if high pressure water is cutting or drilling frequently occur when a cutting tool does not switch between cutting and drilling modes, which can lead to serious accidents. In this way, the efficiency of the coke cutting is compromised because the switching operator does not know whether the cutting process is complete or not.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be established or become more fully apparent in the following description and the appended claims. The features and advantages can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly indicated in the appended claims. In addition, the features and advantages of the invention can be learned by practicing the invention or will be obvious from the description, as established after this. Some embodiments of the invention comprise a drilling rod coupled with a cutting tool where the drilling rod allows the movement of fluids through the interior of the rod to drill to the cutting tool. In some embodiments, the cutting tool comprises cutting nozzles and drill nozzles. In some embodiments, the drilling rod directs high pressure fluids through the interior of the rod to drill into the cutting tool and out of the drill nozzles. Alternatively, the fluids can be directed through the rod to drill towards the cutting head and out of the cutting nozzles. In some embodiments, the invention comprises a flow deflection apparatus that directs the flow of the liquid either in the drill nozzles or in the cutting nozzles. In other embodiments, the flow deflection apparatus is comprised of a main body, a flow deflection cap and a displacement apparatus. In some embodiments of the present invention, the displacement apparatus is coupled with the flow deflection apparatus so that the displacement apparatus facilitates the movement of the flow deflection apparatus so that the flow of fluid through the drilling rod. in the cutting head it can be directed towards the cutting nozzles or towards the drilling nozzles depending on the position of the flow deflection apparatus. The present invention relates to a system for removing carbonic solid waste, referred to as "coke", from large cylindrical containers called coke drums. The present invention relates to a system that allows an operator to remotely activate coke cutting inside a coke drum, and remotely toggle between "punching" and "cutting" modes, while cutting the coke inside a drum. of coke in a reliable manner, and without raising the drill bit of the coke drum for mechanical alteration or inspection. Therefore, the present invention provides a system for chopping coke within a coke drum with increased safety, efficiency and convenience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES For the manner in which the above-noted characteristics and other advantages of the present invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention will be presented for reference to the specific embodiments thereof, which are illustrated in the attached figures. Understanding that the figures represent only typical embodiments of the present invention and therefore will not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention, the present invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and details through the use of the accompanying figures in which : FIGURE 1 is an illustration of a drilling rod coupled with a cutting tool; FIGURE 2 illustrates a sectional view of some embodiments of the present invention illustrating various internal components that may comprise some embodiments of the invention; FIGURE 3 is a further illustration of a sectional view of some embodiments of the present invention illustrating various internal components of some embodiments of the invention; FIGURE 4 is a further illustration of a sectional view of some embodiments of the present invention illustrating various components of which the present invention may be understood. FIGURE 5 illustrates a nozzle which may be used in some embodiments of the present invention; FIGURES 6a and 6b illustrate one embodiment of a rotational ratchet mechanism that can be used in some embodiments of the present invention; FIGURE 7 illustrates a mode of a cutting tool that particularly represents the use of a nitrogen source; and FIGURE 8 illustrates one embodiment of the displacement apparatus, particularly representing the addition of a washer with slits used to control the flow of fluids contacting the upper portion of the helical keyway.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for removing coke from coke drums. This removal process is often referred to as "decoking". More particularly, the present invention relates to a system that allows an operator to remotely switch a cutting tool between the punching and cutting modes. The presently preferred embodiments of the invention will be better understood with reference to the figures where like parts are designated by similar numbers throughout them. In addition, the following description of the present invention is grouped into two subheadings, particularly "Brief General Discussion on Delayed Coke and Coke Cutting" and "Detailed Description of the Present Invention". The use of subheadings is for the convenience of the reader only and will not be construed as limiting in any way. It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures therein, can be arranged and designated in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the system, device and method of the present invention, and represented in Figures 1 to 6, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is only representative of the presently preferred embodiments of the invention. 1. Brief General Discussion on Delayed Coke and Coke Cutting In the typical delayed coking process, high-boiling petroleum residues are fed into one or more coke drums where they are thermally distilled into light products and a petroleum coke from solid waste . Coke drums containing coke are typically large cylindrical containers. The decoking process is a final process in the oil refining process, and, once a process known as "lids removal" has taken place, the coke is removed from these drums by means of coke cutting. In the typical delayed coking process, the new feed and recycled feed are combined and fed through a conduit from the bottom of the fractionator. The combined feed is pumped through a coke heater and heated to a temperature between about 426,667 ° C to 537,778 ° C (800 ° F to 1000 ° F). The combined feed is partially evaporated and alternatively loaded into a pair of coke drums. The hot steam expelled from the upper part of the coke drum is recycled in the lower part of the fractionator through a duct. The non-evaporated portion of the coke heater effluent sits ("coke") in an active coke drum, where the combined effect of temperature and retention time results in coke until the active container is complete. Once the active container is complete, the heated feed of heavy hydrocarbons is redirected to an empty coke container where the process described above is repeated. The coke is then removed from the entire container, first by cooling the hot coke with steam and water, then opening a sealing unit in the upper part of the container, hydraulically drilling the coke from the upper portion of the container, directing the coke drilled from the container. container through an open bottom coker unit through a coke chute attached to a coke receiving area. The opening of the closing unit is achieved safely by a remotely located control unit. Decoking is achieved in most plants using a hydraulic system consisting of a drilling rod and a drill bit that direct jets of high pressure water in the coke bed. A rotary combination drill bit, referred to as the cutting tool, typically is about fifty-five point eighty-eight centimeters (twenty-two inches) in diameter with several nozzles, and is mounted at the lower end of a rod to drill a long gap of about seventeen point seventy-eight centimeters (seven inches) in diameter. The drill bit is lowered into the container, in the drilling rod, through an opening with tabs in the upper part of the container. A "drill hole" is drilled through the coke using the nozzles, which expel high pressure water at an angle of approximately sixty degrees from horizontal. This creates a pilot drill hole, from about zero point sixty-one to zero point nine hundred fourteen meters (two to three feet) in diameter, so that the coke falls. After the initial drilling hole is complete, the drill bit is then switched to at least two horizontal nozzles in preparation for cutting the "cut" hole, which extends to the full diameter of the drum. In the cutting mode, the nozzles shoot water jets horizontally outwards, rotating slowly with the drill rod, and those jets cut the coke into pieces, which fall out of the open bottom part of the container, into a trough that directs the coke to a reception area. The drill rod is then removed with the opening with tabs at the top of the container. Finally, the upper part and the lower part of the container close when replacing the head units, tabs or other closing devices employed in the container unit. The container is then cleaned and is ready for the next filling cycle with the supply of heavy hydrocarbons. In a certain coke cutting system, after the drilling hole is made, the drilling rod must be removed from the coke drum and reset in the cutting mode. This takes time, is inconvenient and potentially dangerous. In other systems, the modes are switched automatically. Automatic switching within the coke drum often results in clogging of the drill stem, which even requires that the drill stem be removed for cleaning before completing the coke cutting process. Frequently, in automatic switching systems, it is difficult to determine whether or not the drilling rod is in the cutting or drilling mode, because all commutation takes place inside the drum. Errors to identify if high pressure water is cutting or drilling leads to serious accidents. The present invention discloses a method and system for chopping coke in a coke drum after making coke therein. When the present invention is especially adapted for use in the decoking process, the following description specifically refers to this processing area. It is feasible, however, that the present invention can be adapted to be an integral part of another processing process that produces various elements other than coke, and such processes must thus be considered within the scope of this application. 2. Detailed Description of the Present Invention Accordingly, it is an object of some embodiments of the present invention to provide a system for chopping coke that is controlled from a remote location through an automatic switching mechanism. The present invention provides a system for coke cutting wherein the rod 2 for drilling does not need to be removed to switch from the drilling mode to the cut mode, but rather, the modes can be commuted remotely. The present invention provides a method for coke cutting wherein the drill rod does not need to be removed to switch between the drilling and cutting modes. The present invention provides systems and methods for cutting coke that can be used with current coke cutting techniques. FIGURE 1 illustrates a drilling rod coupled with a cutting tool 1 by a joining means 3. The drill rod and cutting tool shown in FIGURE 1 are used in some embodiments of the present invention to remove the coke from a coke drum. FIGURE 1 further illustrates cutting nozzles 4 and drill nozzles 6. FIGURE 1 further represents a view of the exterior of the piercing passage 48 which is a passage through which fluids flow between the piercing rod and the piercing nozzles in some embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments of the present invention, some passages allow fluid to flow from the rod to pierce to the drill nozzles that are present within the cutting tool. Additionally depicted in Figure 1 is an embodiment of the means for cutting coke from inside a coke drum comprising a drilling rod coupled with a drilling tool 1 by a joining means 3. The drill rod and cutting tool shown in FIGURE 1 are used in some embodiments of the present invention to remove the coke from a coke drum. FIGURE 1 further illustrates cutting means comprising cutting nozzles 4 and drill nozzles 6. FIGURE 2 illustrates a sectional view of a cutting tool of some embodiments of the present invention. As mentioned previously, the high-pressure fluid moves through a rod to drill to the cutting tool 1 and is allowed to eject from the cutting nozzle 6 or cutting nozzle 4. In some embodiments, the systems and methods of the present invention allow to automatically switch the fluid flow between the drill and cut nozzles, so that an operator can remotely switch the fluid flow that is ejected from the cutting tool to eject from the the perforating nozzles 6 or the cutting nozzles 4 alternately as dictated by the decoking process. For example, in some embodiments, an operator using systems and methods of the present invention may allow the fluid to flow through the rod to pierce toward the cutting tool 1 and out of the drill nozzle 6 to produce a drill hole. In some embodiments, the systems and methods of the present invention may allow an operator located at a remote location to stop the flow of fluid that is ejected from the piercing nozzle 6 and begin to expel the fluid from the cutting nozzles. FIGURE 2 illustrates several of the elements of the systems of some embodiments of the present invention. FIGURE 2 represents a drilling rod coupled by a joining means 3 with a cutting tool 1. The cutting tool as shown in FIGURE 2 is comprised of several elements. The cutting tool shown in FIGURE 2 is comprised of cutting nozzles 4 and drill nozzles 6. In some embodiments of the cutting tool, the internal chambers of the cutting tool comprise channels through which the fluid can flow from the drilling rod to the cutting tool and up to the drilling or cutting nozzles 6. In some embodiments of the invention, a flow deflection apparatus 8 is used to selectively allow the movement of fluid towards the cutting nozzles 4 or towards the drilling nozzles 6. More particularly, in some embodiments of the present invention, the flow deflection apparatus 8 prevents water from flowing into the passages leading to the cutting nozzles 4 or the drilling nozzles 6 so that the fluid flowing through the The cutting rod in the cutting tool 1 is allowed to flow only towards the drilling nozzles 6 or only towards the cutting nozzles 4. In some embodiments, the flow deflection of the apparatus 8 of the present invention is comprised of a main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 and the flow deflection covers 14 wherein the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 it engages with the flow deflection covers 14, so that the rotation of the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 displaces the position of the flow deflection covers 14 on rotational axes. The flow deflection covers 14 coupled with the main flow deflection body 10 of the apparatus 8 are deflected against the interior elements of the cutting tool by a force applicator 12 contained within the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8. , so that the flow deflection covers 14 are biased against the interior elements of the cutting tool 1. In some embodiments, the flow deflection covers 14 are comprised of a beveled edge 15.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the beveled edge 15 acts to seal the passages on which the flow deflection cap 14 is present. In some embodiments, the high pressure fluids flowing through the rod 2 to pierce towards the cutting tool 1 are pushed against the upper edge of the bevelled edge 15 which forces the beveled edge 15 of the flow deflection cap 14 to be in contact with the internal elements of the cutting tool 1 so that the fluid is unable to pass into a passage over which the flow deflection cover 14 is present. Additionally, FIGURE 2 illustrates one embodiment of a means for diverting fluid flow exclusively to a piercing means or exclusively to a cutting means. The means for diverting the fluid flow, in some embodiments, comprises a main body 10 and a flow deflection apparatus 8 and the flow deflection covers 14 wherein the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 engages with the flow deflection covers 14, so that the rotation of the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 commutes the position of the flow deflection covers 14 in rotational axes. In some embodiments of the means for diverting the fluid flow, the flow deflection caps 14 coupled with the main body 10 of the flow deflection of the apparatus 8 are deflected against the interior elements of the cutting tool by a force applicator 12. contained within the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8, so that the flow deflection covers 14 are biased against the interior elements of the cutting tool 1. In some embodiments of the means for diverting the fluid flow, the flow deflection covers 14 are comprised of a beveled edge 15. In some embodiments of the means for diverting the fluid flow, the beveled edge 15 acts to seal the passages on which the flow deflection cap 14 is present. In some embodiments of the means for diverting the fluid flow, the high pressure fluids flowing through the rod 2 to pierce towards the cutting tool 1 push against the upper edge of the bevelled edge 15 which forces the beveled edge 15 of the flow deflection cap 14 to be in contact with the internal elements of the cutting tool 1 so that the fluid is unable to pass into a passage over which the flow deflection cap 14 is present. In some embodiments of the present invention, the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 engages with a displacement apparatus 8. In some embodiments of the present invention, the displacement apparatus 18 rotates the flow deflection apparatus in increments of 90 degrees so that the flow deflection apparatus 8 is either blocking the flow of fluid in the passages 48 that allow the fluid is expelled from the drilling nozzles or is blocking the passages 46 that allow the fluid to flow towards the cutting nozzles 4. As shown in FIGURE 2, in some embodiments, the displacement apparatus 18 is comprised of at least one spring 20 and preferably two springs 20, 22. In systems where two springs 20, 22 are used, the preferred method for aligning the springs relative to the displacement apparatus is to have an outer spring 20 and an inner spring 22 oriented so that the rotation of the outer spring 20 is the opposite direction of the rotation of the inner spring 22 so that the twisting influence of the system 20, 22 of springs in the lower part of the displacement apparatus 18 is minimized. In some embodiments, the springs 20, 22 of the displacement apparatus 18 contact the lower part of a helical keyway 24 by a thrust bearing 26 which acts to decrease the rotational force exerted on the lower part of the helical keyway 24. In some modalities, the springs 20, 22 are deflected against the inner element of the cutting tool 1 and against the lower part of the helical keyway 24. In the absence of any downward force, the springs 20, 22 of the helical keyway 24 vertically rise from the bottom of the cutting tool 1. Some embodiments of the present invention further comprise a rotational ratchet mechanism 28. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two rotational ratchet mechanisms 28, 30 are used in opposite directions, one that allows clockwise rotation and the other that allows rotation in the counterclockwise direction . In some embodiments, the first rotational ratchet 28 is connected by function to the helical keyway 24. In some embodiments, the second rotational ratchet 30 is connected by function with a vertically keyed post 32. The double ratchet mechanism of some embodiments of the present invention allows the displacement apparatus 18 to rotate the flow deflection apparatus 8 as depicted in FIGURE 2 in a counterclockwise direction when the elements of the displacement apparatus 18 they move in an upward direction, but allow the elements of the displacement apparatus 18 to move downwards without rotating the flow deflection apparatus 8 in a clockwise direction. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first rotatable ratchet 28 locks when the helical keyway 24 moves up, so that the helical keyway 24 rotates in a counterclockwise direction when the helical keyway 24 It moves up. In some embodiments, when the helical keyway 24 rotates in a counterclockwise direction, the vertical keys of the vertically keyed post 32 interact operatively with the internal vertical keys of the helical keyway 24 which rotate the vertically keyed post in a counter direction to the hands of the clock. Because the post 32 vertically keyed in some embodiments engages with the main body of the flow deflection apparatus 10, the flow deflection apparatus 8 is similarly rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, and in preferred embodiments, the flow deflection apparatus rotates at exactly 90 degrees so that the flow deflection covers 14, operatively connected with the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 commute to allow the fluid to flow to the drill nozzles , effectively covering the fluid passage 46 in the cutting nozzles 4, in a position where the fluid is allowed to flow towards the cutting nozzles 4 and not towards the perforation nozzles 6. In some embodiments, when the fluid is then reintroduced or the fluid pressure is increased in the cutting tool 1 through the rod 2 to pierce, the fluid flows through the rod 2 to pierce the cutting tool 1 and through small channels in the vertically keyed post 32 so that the reintroduction of the high pressure fluid in the cutting tool 1 moves through the small channels and applies force to the upper part of the helical keyway 36. When force is applied to the upper part of the helical keyway 36, the helical keyway 24 is forced in a downward direction. When the helical keyway 24 is forced in a downward direction by the pressure of the fluid introduced into the system, the first rotatable ratchet 28 is allowed to rotate freely so that the helical keyway 24 moves downward without rotating against the system 20, 22 deviation by double dock. A second rotational ratchet mechanism 30 operably connected to the vertically keyed nut 32 operates to prevent the vertically keyed nut 32 from rotating while the helical keyway 24 moves in a downward direction. In some embodiments of the present invention, the first rotational ratchet 28 is locked when the displacement apparatus 18 moves upwards under the absence of water pressure which forces the helical keyway 24 to rotate while the second rotatable ratchet 30 is allowed to rotate freely in a direction opposite to the clockwise allowing the vertically keyed post 32 of the scroll apparatus 18 to rotate in a counterclockwise direction. When the water pressure is reintroduced into the system and the helical keyway 24 moves in a downward direction, the first rotatable ratchet 28 is allowed to rotate freely while the second rotatable ratchet 30 is blocked, preventing rotation of the flow deflection apparatus. during the downward movement of the helical keyway 24. Some embodiments of the present invention further comprise a rotational ratchet means 28. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, two rotational ratchet means 28, 30 are used in opposite directions, one allowing rotation in the clockwise direction and the other allowing rotation in the counter-clockwise direction. of the clock. In some embodiments, the first rotational ratchet means 28 is connected by function to the helical keyway 24. In some embodiments, the second rotational ratchet means 30 is connected by function with a vertically keyed post 32. The double ratchet mechanism of some embodiments of the present invention allows the displacement apparatus 18 to rotate the flow deflection apparatus 8 as depicted in FIGURE 2 in a counterclockwise direction when the elements of the displacement apparatus 18 they move in an upward direction, but allow the elements of the displacement apparatus 18 to move vertically downwards without rotating the flow deflection apparatus 8 in a clockwise direction. FIGURES 2 and 3 further illustrate an embodiment of the means for remotely moving in a biasing means between the cutting and drilling modes. In some embodiments, the means for remotely displacing comprises at least one spring 20 and preferably two springs 20, 22. In systems where two springs 20, 22 are used, the preferred method for aligning the springs relative to the displacement apparatus is having an outer spring 20 and an inner spring 22 oriented so that the rotation of the outer spring 20 is in the opposite direction of the rotation of the inner spring 22 so that the twisting influence of the spring system 20, 22 in the lower part of the displacement apparatus 18 is minimized. In some embodiments of the means for remotely displacing a deflection means between the cutting and piercing modes with the springs 20, 22 of the displacement apparatus 18 contact the lower part of a helical keyway 24 by a thrust bearing 26 which acts to decrease the rotational force exerted on the lower part of the helical keyway 24. In some embodiments of the means for remotely displacing a biasing means between the cutting and drilling modes, the means 20, 22 is biased against the inner member of the cutting tool 1 and against the lower part of the helical keyway 24. In the absence of any downward force, the means 20, 22 force the helical keyway 24 up vertically from the bottom of the cutting tool 1. Some embodiments of the means for remotely moving a deflection means between the cutting and drilling modes further comprise a rotational ratchet mechanism 28. In some embodiments, the first rotational ratchet 28 is connected by function to the helical keyway 24. In some embodiments of the means for remotely moving a means of deflection between the cutting and drilling modes, the second rotati ratchet 30 is connected by function with a vertically keyed post 32. The double ratchet mechanism of some modes of the means for remotely moving a deflection means between the cutting and drilling modes allows the displacement apparatus 18 to rotate in the flow deflection means 8 as shown in FIGURE 2 in one direction counterclockwise when the elements of the displacement apparatus 18 move in an upward direction, but allow the elements of the displacement means 18 to move vertically downwards without rotating the flow deflection means 8 in a clockwise direction. In some embodiments of the means for remotely displacing a biasing means between the cutting and drilling modes, the first ratchet 28 is locked when the helical keyway 24 moves in an upward direction so that the helical keyway 24 rotates in one direction. Counterclockwise direction when the helical keyway 24 moves in an upward direction. In some embodiments of the means for remotely moving a deflection means between the cutting and drilling modes, when the helical keyway 24 rotates in a counterclockwise direction, the vertical keys of the vertically keyed post 32 interact operatively with the keys internal verticals of the helical keyway 24 that rotate the post vertically keyed in a counterclockwise direction. Because the post 32 vertically keyed in some embodiments engages with the main body of the flow deflection means 10, the flow deflection means 8 is similarly rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, and in Preferred embodiments, the flow deflection apparatus rotates at exactly 90 degrees so that the flow deflection stages 14, operatively connected to the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 commute to allow the fluid to flow into the drill nozzles. , effectively covering the fluid passage 46 in the cutting nozzles 4, in a position where the fluid is allowed to flow in the cutting nozzles 4 and not to the perforation nozzles 6. In some embodiments of the means for remotely displacing a biasing means between the cutting and drilling modes, when the fluid is then reintroduced into the fluid pressure it increases in the cutting tool 1 through the rod 2 to drill, the fluid flows through the rod 2 to pierce the cutting tool 1 and through the small channels in the vertically keyed post 32 so that the reintroduction of the high pressure fluid into the cutting tool 1 moves through the small channels and applies force on the upper part of the helical keyway 36. When force is applied to the upper part of the helical keyway 36, the helical keyway 24 is forced in a downward direction. When the helical keyway 24 is forced in a downward direction by the pressure of the fluid introduced into the system, the first rotational ratchet means 28 is allowed to rotate freely so that the helical keyway 24 moves down without rotating against the system 20. , 22 deviation by double dock. A second rotational ratchet means 30 operatively connected to the vertically keyed nut 32 operates to prevent the vertically keyed nut 32 from rotating while the helical keyway 24 moves in a downward direction. Thus, in some embodiments of the means for remotely moving a deflection means between the cutting and drilling modes, the first rotational ratchet means 28 is blocked when the displacement means 18 moves upwards under the absence of pressure of water that forces the helical keyway 24 to rotate while the second rotational ratchet is allowed to rotate freely in a counterclockwise direction allowing the vertically keyed post 32 of the displacement means 18 to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction of the clock. When the water pressure is reintroduced into the system and the helical keyway 24 moves in a downward direction, the first rotational ratchet means 28 is allowed to rotate freely while the second rotational ratchet means 30 is blocked, avoiding the rotation of the flow deflection means during the downward movement of the helical keyway 24. FIGURE 3 represents a modality of a cutting tool 1. FIGURE 3 adds particularity to the operative relationships that exist in some embodiments between the vertically keyed post 32 and the main body of the fluid deflection apparatus 8. In some embodiments, the main body 10 of the fluid deflection apparatus 8 can be operatively connected to the post 32 vertically keyed by a set of vertical keys which translate the rotation of the vertically keyed post 32 in the rotation of the main body 10 of the deflection apparatus 8. of fluid. FIGURE 3 further illustrates a modality of the collar 38 of the displacement apparatus. In some embodiments, the collar 38 of the displacement apparatus surrounds the vertically keyed post 32 and contains the second rotational ratchet against the vertically keyed post 32. In some embodiments, the displacement collar 38 may be comprised of small channels 34, which allow fluids in the cutting head 1 to contact the upper surface of the helical keyway 36. In some embodiments, the displacement apparatus 38 also acts to support the lower portion of the main body of the flow deflection apparatus 10 which maintains the specific vertical tolerances within the body of the cutting tool 1. FIGURE 3 further illustrates a spring driven system 12 used in some embodiments to apply a downward force to the flow deflection covers 14. The force applicator 12 in some embodiments of the present invention is comprised of a spring biased against the flow deflection of the main body of the apparatus 10 and the upper part of the flow deflection covers 14 so that the spring provides a downward force continues on the flow deflection covers 14. Because the flow deflection caps, in some embodiments of the present invention, are pushed downwardly by the force applicator 12 consistently though through the rotational movement movements, the lower part of the beveled edge 15 of the caps 14 of flow deflection is smoothed by its radial movement through the main body of the cutting tool 1. This smoothing effect increases the sealing capacity of the flow deflection caps over time. Thus, in some embodiments, the ability of the switching tool to function does not diminish with time. FIGURE 4 illustrates the use of a gaging key 42 which is one or more posts extending from the helical keyway body 24 and operatively interacting with the notches 44 either in the moving apparatus or in the main body of the housing. the head 1 of cutting itself. The calibration key 42 in the lower part of the displacement apparatus 18 ensures that the displacement apparatus 18 rotates in a precise rotational position so that the flow deflection covers 14 of the embodiments of the present invention are properly aligned with the passages. which correspond to the perforation and cutting. The calibration / keying system 42 for notching 44 to ensure proper rotational movement of the displacement apparatus 18 may or may not be used in any of the embodiments of the present invention. FIGURE 5 illustrates a nozzle which can be used with the present invention. The nozzle can be used as a drilling nozzle 6 or a cutting nozzle 4. The represented nozzle engages the cutting tool 1 and allows the fluid to flow from a cutting passage 46 or a piercing passage 48 so that the fluid introduced into the cutting tool 1 through the rod 2 for drilling is it can allow flow between the internal passages of the cutting tool 1 through the nozzle 4, 6 and used to cut the coke from the coke drum. As shown in FIGURE 5, in some embodiments, the interior of the nozzle is characterized by a series of smaller straw-type tubes. In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the straw-type tubes is modified to maximize the laminar flow of fluids leaving the nozzles 4, 6. Thus, in some embodiments of the present invention, the laminar flow of the fluid which comes out of the perforation nozzles 6 or of cutting nozzle 4 increases, consequently increasing the efficiency of the perforation or cutting steps of the coke in the drum. FIGURES 5, 6, 6a and 6b represent preferred embodiments of the first and second rotational ratchets 28, 30 of the present invention. In some embodiments, the rotational ratchets of the present invention can be comprised of an outer race 50, a lock roller 52, a guide disk 54, an inner race 56, and a spring loaded piston 58. FIGURE 7 depicts one embodiment of the cutting tool of the present invention. In particular, FIGURE 7 adds specificity to an additional embodiment of a spring system that can be used to move the scrolling apparatus 18 vertically. FIGURE 7 represents a nitrogen source 23 which can be used in preferred embodiments of the present invention. In preferred embodiments, the nitrogen source is comprised of a high pressure inert gas contained within a chamber which is used to apply an upward force to the bottom of the helical keyway 24. In preferred embodiments, the pressure within the nitrogen source is carefully calculated so that the upward and downward movement of the helical keyway 24 will occur at designated and predetermined pressures. In some embodiments, the nitrogen source 23 provides additional benefits of a more consistent pressure exerted on the lower part of the displacement apparatus. Accordingly, the nitrogen source 23 as depicted in FIGURE 7 can be used to allow a smoother shift between the cutting mode and the perforation mode. FIGURE 8 depicts one embodiment of the flow deflection apparatus and the displacement apparatus of the present invention. In particular, FIGURE 8 adds specificity to an embodiment of the invention wherein a slotted washer 50 can be used to control fluid flow in small channels 34. By controlling the proportion of fluid allowed to flow through the small channels 34, the slotted washer 50 controls the rate at which the pressure is exerted on the upper part of the helical keyway 36. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the use of a slotted washer allows a smoother, more controlled displacement between the perforation and cutting modes in the present invention. Some embodiments of the present invention contemplate using and controlling the number and size of slits in the washer 50 so that in some cutting tools more water can be allowed to flow and act on the top of the helical keyway 36 and in some embodiments less fluid it can be allowed to act on the helical keyway 36. FIGURES 7 and 8 further illustrate that in some embodiments the fluid is prevented from coming into contact with any of the moving or functional parts of the present invention. That is, the internal parts of the present invention (e.g., the vertically keyed post) are isolated from water and / or debris that may cause complications in the internal components of the prior art so that they will perform poorly over time. Because the internal elements of the present invention are isolated from water and waste, their functionality and effectiveness are not diminished as a product of use or time. In some embodiments of the invention, the various elements of the invention are constructed from durable materials so that various elements of the invention will not require restitution for a substantial period of time. For example, the helical keyway 24 of the present invention may be constructed of durable materials and may be capable of efficiently and reliably switching between the punching and cutting modes for substantial periods of time without repair, malfunction or replacement. Likewise, other elements of the cutting tool of the present invention can be constructed from durable materials known in the art. The present invention provides a method for automatically switching between the cutting and drilling modes in a delayed coker unit operation. In some embodiments, the method that remotely actuates the modes of cutting and / or drilling during decoking by an operator without having to lift the drilling rod and the coke drum cutting unit is manually altered or inspected. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the method as described, is comprised of switching between drilling and cutting without raising the cutting tool of the coke drum which will have decoking. In some embodiments, the method of the present invention comprises an operator that allows the high pressure fluid to flow down the rod to pierce from a delayed coker unit in the cutting tool 1 where the high pressure fluid moves through the rod 2 for drilling in the cutting tool 1 and in the drilling passages 48 located inside the cutting tool 1 so that the high pressure fluid is allowed to expel from the drilling nozzle 6 of the tool 1 cut. In some embodiments, when the high pressure fluids in the cutting tool, a portion of the high pressure fluids moves in the cutting tool through small channels 34 in the collar 38 of the displacement apparatus, they are allowed to apply a downward force on the top of the keyway 36 helical. The high pressure exerted on the upper part of the helical keyway 36 forces the keyway 24 helically downwardly against the pressure of a system 20, 22 of multiple springs. During this method step, no fluid is allowed to be expelled from the cutting nozzles of the cutting tool 1. In some embodiments of the present invention, an operator can then cut or decrease the flow of high pressure fluid in the drill rod. Accordingly, the flow of the high pressure fluid in the cutting tool 1 is decreased or substantially terminated. In some embodiments, when the operator cuts or decreases the flow of fluids in the cutting head 1, the fluid flow through the cutting channels 34 in the collar 38 of the displacement apparatus is decreased and the downward pressure applied to the The upper part of the rotational keyed nut 36 is decreased to such an extent that the upward force exerted by the spring system 20, 22 forces the keyway 24 helically in an upward direction. When the helical keyway moves in an upward direction, it rotates the main body 10 of the flow deflection apparatus 8 so that the flow deflection apparatus 8 blocks the passages allowing the fluid to enter the drilling and opening nozzles 48. the cutting passage 46 allowing the fluid to enter the cutting nozzles 4. Subsequently, in some embodiments, the operator can increase the fluid flow in the cutting tool that allows the high pressure fluid to be expelled from the cutting nozzles 4 as it flows through the rod 2 to pierce in the cutting tool 1 and through of the cutting passages 46 to the cutting nozzles 4. When the high-pressure fluids are reintroduced into the cutting head, a portion of the high pressure fluids flows through the collar 38 of the displacement apparatus through the small channels 34 and applies a downward pressure on the upper part of the helical keyway 36, so that the helical keyway 24 moves downwardly and remains in a fully depressed position until the high pressure fluid is cut off. In this way, from the perspective of an operator, the rod 2 for drilling and the cutting tool 1 can be lowered in a coke drum and the high pressure fluids can be expelled from a set of drilling nozzles 6 in a tool 1 of cut. When an operator wishes to switch from the mode of the cutting tool 1 to a cutting mode, the apparatus decreases or cuts off the flow of fluid in the cutting tool, allowing the shifting apparatus of the present invention to switch from perforation to cutting and then reintroduces high pressure fluids into the drill rod, and the cutting tool allows the high pressure fluids to be expelled through the cutting nozzles of the present invention.

Claims (10)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and therefore the property described in the following claims is claimed as property. CLAIMS

1. A system for removing coke from a coke container characterized in that it comprises: a cutting head; a flow deflection apparatus; and a displacement apparatus, comprising a helical keyway and a vertically keyed post, for rotating the flow deflection apparatus. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement apparatus further comprises a force applicator for moving the displacement apparatus vertically when the water pressure inside the cutting tool is decreased. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the force applicator comprises a spring. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the force applicator is two springs, where the first spring is outside the second spring. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement apparatus further comprises a thrust bearing. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement apparatus further comprises a rotational ratchet mechanism. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement apparatus further comprises a collar of the displacement apparatus which couples the displacement apparatus with the interior of the cutting tool. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the collar comprises small channels that allow the fluid to flow through the collar and contact the upper part of the helical keyway. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the displacement apparatus further comprises a calibration key. A method for remotely switching between cutting and drilling while removing the coke from a coke drum characterized in that it comprises: allowing a fluid to enter a cutting tool; prevent the fluid from being expelled through the cutting nozzles, where blockage is achieved by using a flow deflection apparatus; eject the high pressure fluid from a drill nozzle coupled with the cutting head; decrease the flow of fluid in the cutting head; allowing the force applicator to move a moving apparatus vertically upward; allowing vertical movement of the displacement apparatus to rotate the flow deflection apparatus, where the flow deflection apparatus subsequently prevents the high pressure fluid from reaching the drill nozzles; increase the flow of fluid in the cutting head; eject the high pressure fluid from a cutting nozzle coupled with the cutting head.