KR970001606B1 - Lateral and axial vibration isolators utilizing leaf springs - Google Patents

Lateral and axial vibration isolators utilizing leaf springs Download PDF

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Publication number
KR970001606B1
KR970001606B1 KR1019930024034A KR930024034A KR970001606B1 KR 970001606 B1 KR970001606 B1 KR 970001606B1 KR 1019930024034 A KR1019930024034 A KR 1019930024034A KR 930024034 A KR930024034 A KR 930024034A KR 970001606 B1 KR970001606 B1 KR 970001606B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
damper
inner ring
present
leaf springs
leaf spring
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KR1019930024034A
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Korean (ko)
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KR950014623A (en
Inventor
제양규
김종수
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한국기계연구원
서상기
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Priority to KR1019930024034A priority Critical patent/KR970001606B1/en
Priority to JP6127805A priority patent/JPH07190141A/en
Priority to DE4420596A priority patent/DE4420596C2/en
Priority to CN94108364A priority patent/CN1043586C/en
Priority to AT0207694A priority patent/AT401808B/en
Priority to US08/338,190 priority patent/US5553834A/en
Publication of KR950014623A publication Critical patent/KR950014623A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of KR970001606B1 publication Critical patent/KR970001606B1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F16C17/024—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with flexible leaves to create hydrodynamic wedge, e.g. radial foil bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/04—Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
    • F16F15/073—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs using only leaf springs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
    • F16L3/16—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe
    • F16L3/20—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets with special provision allowing movement of the pipe allowing movement in transverse direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

a plurality of laminated springs(3) arranged in a circumferential direction between an internal ring(1) and an external ring(2); and a fluid passage clearance(8) formed between the internal ring(1) and the plurality of laminated springs.

Description

겹판스프링을 이용한 횡진동 절연장치Transverse Vibration Isolator Using Leaf Springs

제1도는 본 발명 댐퍼의 내부단면도.1 is an internal cross-sectional view of the damper of the present invention.

제2도는 본 발명 댐퍼의 측면단면도.2 is a side cross-sectional view of the damper of the present invention.

제3도는 구름 베어링이 삽입 고정된 댐처의 내부단면도.3 is an internal sectional view of a dam in which rolling bearings are inserted and fixed.

* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1 : 내부링 2 : 외부링1: inner ring 2: outer ring

3 : 겹판스프링 4 : 중간고정요소3: Leaf spring 4: Intermediate fixing element

5 : 내부유체공간 6 : 덮개판5: internal fluid space 6: cover plate

7 : 오일 그루브 8 : 유로 틈새7: oil groove 8: euro clearance

9 : 밀봉요소 10 : 체결요소9 sealing element 10 fastening element

11 : 유체공급구11: fluid supply port

본 발명은 겹판스프링을 이용한 횡진동 절연장치에 관한 것으로 더 상세하게는 터보기계와 같은 고속회전기계에서 구름베어링의 댐퍼로 사용되고 있는 스퀴즈필름댐퍼(Squeeze Film Damper)를 대체할 수 있는 새로운 댐퍼의 개발에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a lateral vibration isolator using a leaf spring, and more particularly, to develop a new damper that can replace a squeeze film damper which is used as a damper for rolling bearings in a high-speed rotating machine such as a turbomachinery. It is about.

스퀴즈필름댐퍼는 볼베어링에 감쇠력을 제공하거나 회전체 지지부의 안정화를 도모하기 위하여 종종 사용되는 기계요소로서 내부링과 외부링으로 형성되는 매우 좁은 환상공간 틈새에 오일을 삽입하여 유체감쇠력이 발생되는 원리를 이용하는 것이다.The squeeze film damper is a mechanical element that is often used to provide damping force to ball bearings or to stabilize the support of a rotating body. The squeeze film damper inserts oil into a very narrow annular space gap formed by an inner ring and an outer ring. It is to use.

그러나 스퀴즈필름댐퍼는 매우 좁은 유막틈새로 인하여 열발생이 커서 냉각 장치를 필요로 하며, 또한 계속적인 윤활유의 공급과 회수장치 등이 요구되어 사용상 매우 까다롭고 복잡하며 표준화가 불가능하고 따라서 대량 생산을 할 수 없다.However, the squeeze film damper requires a cooling device due to the high heat generation due to the very narrow oil film gap, and also requires continuous supply and recovery of lubricating oil. Can't.

그리고 스퀴즈필름댐퍼는 회전기계시스템에 단순히 감쇠력만 제공하는 효과를 위험속도를 변화시켜 시스켐을 안정화시킬 수 있는 능력은 부족하며, 또 편심량에 따라 감쇠계수가 급격하게 변화되는 비선형성으로 인하여 시스템의 해석이 매우 까다롭다.In addition, the squeeze film damper lacks the ability to stabilize the system by varying the speed of danger by simply providing damping force to the rotating mechanical system, and due to the nonlinearity in which the damping coefficient changes rapidly according to the amount of eccentricity. Very difficult to interpret

그리고 이미 알려진 일본공개실용소 50-68182호는 판스프링을 관성체에 설치하고 있으나 이는 진동절연 효과가 미흡하다.In addition, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 50-68182 has a leaf spring installed in an inertial body, but it has insufficient vibration insulation effect.

따라서 본 발명의 목적은 상기와 같은 기존의 판스프링 장치나 스퀴즈필름댐퍼의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 적절한 탄성 및 감쇠를 가지는 댐퍼로서 취급이 용이하고 규격화 및 대량생산화가 가능한 새로운 유체감쇠댐퍼의 구조를 창출한 것으로서 그 요지를 첨부도면에 연계시켜 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다.Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to create a structure of a new fluid damper damper that can be easily handled, standardized and mass-produced as a damper having appropriate elasticity and damping in order to compensate for the disadvantages of the existing leaf spring device or squeeze film damper. If the summary is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows.

내부링(1)과 외부링(2)사이에 겹판스프링(3)을 원주방향으로 여러개 설치하고 내부링과 쇄기형상의 유로틈새(8)를 이루도록 하며 분할된 내부 유체공간(5)에는 작업유체(일반적으로 오일)을 적정량 채우로 외부에는 덮개판(6)을 설치하고 덮개판(6) 내부에는 오일그루브(7)를 만들고 그 원주상에 유체공급구멍(11)을 2개 이상 설치한 구조이다.A plurality of leaf springs (3) are installed in the circumferential direction between the inner ring (1) and the outer ring (2) to form an inner ring and a wedge-shaped flow path gap (8), and the working fluid in the divided inner fluid space (5) The cover plate 6 is installed on the outside, and the oil groove 7 is formed inside the cover plate 6, and two or more fluid supply holes 11 are installed on the circumference thereof. to be.

또한 제3도와 같이 내부링(1) 내부에 다시 볼베어링(1a)를 설치하여도 가능하다.In addition, it is also possible to install the ball bearing (1a) again inside the inner ring (1) as shown in FIG.

미설명부호(4)는 중간 고정요소(9)는 밀봉요소(10)은 체결요소이다.Reference numeral 4 denotes an intermediate fastening element 9, a sealing element 10, and a fastening element.

이와같이된 본 발명은 제1도에서 겹판스프링을 원주 방향으로 여러개를 설치하여 내부링을 지지하는 구조로 함으로써 내부링과 외부링간에 상대적으로 탄성을 줄 수 있게 하였으며, 또 탄성계수의 크기는 겹판스프링의 판의 수, 판의 두께, 판의 폭, 판의 길이, 스프링판의 재질 등에 의하여 결정되며, 또한 원주방향으로 설치되는 겹판스프링의 수에 의해서도 결정될 수 있는 구조이다. 따라서 본 발명의 댐퍼는 스퀴즈필름댐퍼에는 거의 존재하지 않는 탄성을 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 탄성계수의 조절이 용이하다는 것이 매우 큰 장점이다.The present invention as described above in Figure 1 by installing a plurality of leaf springs in the circumferential direction to the structure to support the inner ring to be relatively elastic between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the size of the elastic modulus of the leaf spring It is determined by the number of plates, the thickness of the plate, the width of the plate, the length of the plate, the material of the spring plate and the like, and also can be determined by the number of leaf springs installed in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the damper of the present invention is not only able to give elasticity that is hardly present in the squeeze film damper, and very easy to adjust the modulus of elasticity.

그러므로 회전기계의 성능 특성을 변화시키지 않으면서도 위험속도와 운전속도간의 차이를 크게하여 회전기계를 안정화시킬수 있는 설계가 가능하다.Therefore, it is possible to design the stabilization of the rotating machine by increasing the difference between the dangerous speed and the operating speed without changing the performance characteristics of the rotating machine.

또한 제1도에서 내부링이 외부링에 대하여 상대운동을 하게 되면 각각의 내부유체공간의 체적이 변하게 되고, 따라서 제2도의 유로틈새를 통하여 내부유체공간에 유동이 일어나며, 이로 인하여 내부 유체공간간에 압력차가 발생하게 된다.In addition, in FIG. 1, when the inner ring is moved relative to the outer ring, the volume of each inner fluid space is changed. Therefore, the flow occurs in the inner fluid space through the flow gap of FIG. The pressure difference will occur.

이때 이 압력차에 의해서 내부링에 감쇠력이 발생하게 된다.At this time, a damping force is generated in the inner ring by this pressure difference.

그러므로 감쇠계수의 크기는 유체의 점도와 유로틈새 등에 관계된 흐름 저항계수에 의하여 결정된다.Therefore, the magnitude of the damping coefficient is determined by the flow resistance coefficient related to the viscosity of the fluid and the channel clearance.

따라서 본 발명의 댐퍼는 탄성계수처럼 감쇠계수도 조절이 용이하며, 필요에 따라서 감쇠효과를 충분히 발휘할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 기존의 스퀴즈필름댐퍼나 미끄럼 베어링에서 얻어지는 감쇠계수보다 더 큰 감쇠계수도 얻을 수 있다.Therefore, the damper of the present invention is easy to adjust the damping coefficient, like the elastic modulus, can not only sufficiently exhibit the damping effect if necessary, but also can obtain a larger damping coefficient than the damping coefficient obtained from conventional squeeze film dampers or sliding bearings. .

그리고 본 발명의 댐퍼는 제2도의 덮게판에 의하여 내부 유체공간과 외부와는 밀봉요소에 의하여 차단되기 때문에 작업유체의 손실이 없고, 따라서 기존의 스퀴필름댐퍼처럼 작업유체의 연속적인 공급을 요하지 않는 것이 장점이다.And since the damper of the present invention is blocked by the sealing element between the inner fluid space and the outside by the cover plate of FIG. 2, there is no loss of working fluid, and thus does not require continuous supply of working fluid like the conventional squeegee film dampers. It is an advantage.

또 본 발명의 댐퍼는 내부유체공간이 기존의 스퀴즈필름댐퍼의 유막에 비하여 매우 크기 때문에 내부유체가 갖는 열용량이 증대되어 작업유체의 온도상승이 심하되지 않으므로 기존의 스퀴즈필름댐퍼를 사용할 때에 비하여 윤활유의 냉각에 신경을 많이 쓰지 않아도 될 것이다.In addition, the damper of the present invention has a larger internal fluid space than the oil film of the conventional squeeze film damper, so that the heat capacity of the internal fluid is increased so that the temperature rise of the working fluid is not severely reduced. You won't have to worry about cooling.

본 발명의 댐퍼는 탄성계수 및 감쇠계수가 연성(Cross couple)되어 있지 않을 뿐만 아니라 대칭성(symmetric)을 갖는 특징이 있음을 본 발명자들의 이론적인 검토에서 확인되었다.The damper of the present invention was confirmed in the theoretical review of the present inventors that the modulus of elasticity and damping coefficient are not only cross-coupled but also have symmetrical characteristics.

따라서 고속 기계류에 사용하고자 할 때에도 불안정 현상을 일으키지 않으며, 또한 본 발명의 댐퍼를 포함하는 기계시스템의 회전체운동 해석은 보다 간편해진다.Therefore, even when used for high-speed machinery, it does not cause instability, and also analyzes the rotational motion of the mechanical system including the damper of the present invention.

기존의 스퀴즈필름댐퍼는 기계시스템이 완전히 조립되고 오일 펌프가 작동되어야 비로소 댐퍼의 기능을 할 수밖에 없기 때문에 규격화가 곤란하고, 따라서 대량생산이 불가능하였지만 본 발명의 댐퍼는 하나의 완제품으로 취급될 수 있기 때문에 규격화로 호환성을 높일 수 있고 대량생산이 가능하여 경제적 가치를 증대시킬수 있다는 대단히 큰 장점을 가지고 있다.Conventional squeeze film dampers are difficult to standardize because the mechanical system must be fully assembled and the oil pump is operated to function as a damper. Therefore, the damper of the present invention can be treated as a finished product. As a result, it is possible to increase compatibility through standardization and to increase economic value by enabling mass production.

본 발명의 댐퍼는 제3도와 같이 볼베어링과 함께 사용하여 기존의 복잡한 스퀴즈필름 댐퍼를 대신할수 있는 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 구조물(원자력발전소의 파이프 라인 등)의 지지요소로도 사용이 가능하다.The damper of the present invention can be used in conjunction with a ball bearing as shown in FIG. 3 to replace the existing complex squeeze film dampers, and can also be used as a supporting element of a general structure (pipeline of a nuclear power plant, etc.).

특별히, 본 발명의 댐퍼의 구조를 제1도에서 표시하고 있는 바와같이 내부링과 겹판스프링간의 접촉을 내부링에 접선형태로 함으로써 내부링과 겹판스프링간에 쇄기 모양의 유막(제1도a, b부분)을 이루게 하는 것을 특징으로 하고 있다.In particular, as shown in FIG. 1, the damper of the present invention has a tangential oil contact between the inner ring and the leaf spring by making the contact between the inner ring and the leaf spring tangential to the inner ring (FIGS. 1A and B). Part).

이 구조는 내부링과 겹판 스프링간에 상대 미끄럼 속도가 존재하게 되면, 즉, 본 발명의 댐퍼를 베어링으로 사용하게 되면 내부링과 겹판스프링간의 접촉점을 분리시키려는 유체역학적인 힘이 발생되어 두 고체물체간의 직접접촉을 억제하는 역할을 하여 마찰손실을 줄여주기 때문에 본 발명의 댐퍼는 베어링으로 사용이 가능하다.In this structure, when the relative sliding speed is present between the inner ring and the leaf spring, that is, when the damper of the present invention is used as a bearing, a hydrodynamic force is generated to separate the contact point between the inner ring and the leaf spring, and thus, between the two solid objects. The damper of the present invention can be used as a bearing because it serves to suppress direct contact to reduce frictional losses.

또한 본 발명의 댐퍼를 베어링으로 사용할 때 앞에서 언급한 바와같이 탄성계수 및 감쇠계수의 특징상 기존의 미끄럼 베어링에서 발생하기 쉬운 오일휩(Oil Whip) 현상이 발생하지 않고, 윤활유 공급을 간편하게 할수 있는 장점 등이 앞으로, 또 규격화된 미끄럼베어링과 같은 효과로 인하여 해당산업분야에 많은 경제적 가치를 가지게 될 것이다.In addition, when the damper of the present invention is used as a bearing, as described above, due to the characteristics of the elastic coefficient and the damping coefficient, an oil whip phenomenon, which is easy to occur in a conventional sliding bearing, does not occur, and the lubricating oil can be easily supplied. Back and forth will also have a lot of economic value in the industry because of the effect, such as standardized sliding bearings.

Claims (2)

작업 유체가 충입된 곤간에서 스프링탄력으로서 진동을 절연하게 하는 장치에 있어서, 내부링(1)과 외부링(2) 사이에 겹판스프링(3)을 원주방향으로 여러개 설치하고 내부링(1)과 겹판스프링(3)은 쐐기형상의 유로틈새(8)를 이루도록한 것을 특징으로하는 겹판스프링을 이용한 횡진동 절연장치.In a device for isolating vibration as spring force in a working space filled with working fluid, a plurality of leaf springs (3) are installed in the circumferential direction between the inner ring (1) and the outer ring (2) and the inner ring (1) and Leaf spring (3) is lateral vibration insulation device using a leaf spring, characterized in that to form a wedge-shaped flow path gap (8). 제1항에 있어서, 내부링(1)의 내부에 다시 볼베어링(1a)를 설치한 것을 특징으로 하는 겹판스프링을 이용한 횡진동 절연장치.The lateral vibration isolator using a leaf spring according to claim 1, wherein a ball bearing (1a) is provided again inside the inner ring (1).
KR1019930024034A 1993-11-12 1993-11-12 Lateral and axial vibration isolators utilizing leaf springs KR970001606B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019930024034A KR970001606B1 (en) 1993-11-12 1993-11-12 Lateral and axial vibration isolators utilizing leaf springs
JP6127805A JPH07190141A (en) 1993-11-12 1994-06-09 Transverse vibration isolator utilizing multiple plate spring
DE4420596A DE4420596C2 (en) 1993-11-12 1994-06-13 Lateral vibration damper using leaf springs
CN94108364A CN1043586C (en) 1993-11-12 1994-07-07 Lateral vibration isolators utilizing leaf springs
AT0207694A AT401808B (en) 1993-11-12 1994-11-09 SIDE VIBRATION PROTECTION
US08/338,190 US5553834A (en) 1993-11-12 1994-11-09 Lateral and axial vibration isolators utilizing leaf springs

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KR1019930024034A KR970001606B1 (en) 1993-11-12 1993-11-12 Lateral and axial vibration isolators utilizing leaf springs

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KR950014623A KR950014623A (en) 1995-06-16
KR970001606B1 true KR970001606B1 (en) 1997-02-11

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KR (1) KR970001606B1 (en)
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CN1109147A (en) 1995-09-27
CN1043586C (en) 1999-06-09
DE4420596A1 (en) 1995-05-18
ATA207694A (en) 1996-04-15
AT401808B (en) 1996-12-27
KR950014623A (en) 1995-06-16
DE4420596C2 (en) 1997-04-24
JPH07190141A (en) 1995-07-28

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