KR20230040607A - Battery module with fire prevention function and battery module fire prevention method - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery module with a fire prevention function according to the present invention may include: a cell temperature monitor for detecting an individual temperature increase of each cell constituting the battery module; a voltmeter for measuring the voltage of the battery module; an ammeter for measuring the current of the battery module; and a short-circuit determining part that compares a real-time pattern to which the voltage measured by the voltmeter and/or the current measured by the ammeter is applied and a normal pattern recorded in a history DB, and determines whether a cell is short-circuited according to whether the temperature of each cell constituting the battery module rises.

Description

Battery module having fire prevention function and method for preventing battery module fire {BATTERY MODULE WITH FIRE PREVENTION FUNCTION AND BATTERY MODULE FIRE PREVENTION METHOD}

The present invention relates to a battery module fire prevention method capable of preventing a battery fire by timely determining when a short circuit occurs in a unit cell constituting a battery module.

Currently, commercially available batteries include nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, nickel zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among them, lithium batteries have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, so they are free to charge and discharge, and have a very high self-discharge rate. low and high energy density. As described above, the lithium ion battery has the best performance among commercially available secondary batteries. Compared to other secondary batteries, they are relatively light in weight and high in energy density, so they are widely used in various fields ranging from portable products to large energy storage systems and electric vehicles.

In general, lithium-ion batteries are initially stable for a while. However, as the frequency of use increases, the life span decreases, and the electrolyte is decomposed by an oxidation-reduction reaction, which forms a SEI (Solid Electrolyte Interface) layer, resulting in an increase in internal resistance, resulting in a decrease in usable battery capacity. will decrease The SEI layer serves as a protective film to prevent continued decomposition of the electrolyte, but on the other hand, from the point of view of entropy, it is a direct cause of a decrease in reversible capacity.

If charging and discharging are repeated in a state where the lifespan is reduced, problems such as overcharging, overdischarging, and overcurrent may occur depending on circumstances. In ESSs of electric vehicles or distributed power plants, while charging without considering the lifespan of lithium-ion batteries, fire accidents due to overheating and ignition frequently occur.

The “battery fire” problem of the above-mentioned lithium ion battery is the hottest issue in recent years. In the case of an electric vehicle or an ESS, 100 to 200 single cells of about 3.7 volts are connected in series, and voltage fluctuations of about 400 to 700 volts are used as charging/discharging power. Therefore, even if one battery is shorted and one voltage (about 3 volts) disappears, the voltage fluctuation is mixed with the voltage fluctuation (about 300 volts) during use, and the system continues to operate without being recognized, resulting in a large-scale fire. .

1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating mutual configuration relationships among battery cells, modules, and packs.

The illustrated cell is the minimum structural unit, and the module is a bundle of about 5 pieces, and is an assembly coupled with a voltage temperature monitoring device and the like. One lithium cell may be about 3.7 to 3.8 volts, the pack voltage may be about 400 to 700 volts, and at this time, the module may be about 16 to 20 volts.

Even if one lithium cell is short-circuited and no voltage comes out, it corresponds to about 1% of the total voltage of the pack and can be displayed as a change in SOC (State of Charge). However, there is a phenomenon in which a battery fire occurs while driving without determining whether such a fluctuation is due to a cell short or a load current (IR drop).

In order to prevent the entire battery system from being burned down due to a battery fire, it is the most important technology to detect the first short-circuit condition of one battery at the earliest time.

Currently, the technology to measure and control these conditions is not provided, so ESS and electric vehicles are operating with the risk of continuing fire.

Republic of Korea Publication No. 10-2020-0111017

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing a fire in a battery module capable of preventing a fire by quickly detecting a short state of a battery cell that occurs at an early stage, and a battery module capable of performing the same.

A battery module having a fire prevention function according to an aspect of the present invention includes a cell temperature monitor for detecting an individual temperature rise of each cell constituting the battery module; a voltmeter for measuring the voltage of the battery module; an ammeter for measuring current of the battery module; and comparing a real-time pattern to which the voltage measured by the voltmeter and/or the current measured by the ammeter is applied and a normal pattern recorded in the history DB, and depending on whether or not the temperature of each cell constituting the battery module rises, a cell short circuit It may include a short-circuit determination unit for determining whether or not.

Here, it may further include a load meter connected to the battery module to measure electrical characteristics of a load consuming power.

Here, the short-circuit determination unit may determine by comparing the normal pattern recorded in the history DB with the real-time pattern using a machine learning model.

Here, the short-circuit determining unit may receive and store the real-time pattern and normal patterns that are comparison target candidates from an external EMS.

Here, the cell temperature monitor may include temperature sensors installed at two or more locations of the battery module to detect a temperature change of only one cell among all cells constituting the battery module.

A battery module fire prevention method according to another aspect of the present invention includes a load check step of checking whether a battery module is in a loaded or unloaded state; In the case of no load, if the voltage of the module fluctuates and the cell temperature rises without the fluctuation of the current, determining that the cell is short-circuited; In the case of a loaded load, checking whether the voltage fluctuation of the module exceeds a predetermined reference value; comparing a pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the module is applied and a normal pattern recorded in a history DB when the voltage fluctuation exceeds a reference value; checking a cell temperature when it is determined that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range as a result of comparison with the normal pattern; and determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises.

Here, in the step of determining that the cell is short-circuited, the operation of the battery module may be blocked or cut-off may be requested.

Here, in the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB, the pattern before the voltage fluctuation occurs is compared with candidate normal patterns recorded in the history DB. By comparison, a normal pattern to be compared may be selected as the most similar among a plurality of patterns.

Here, in the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB, the selected normal pattern to be compared and the current pattern are compared after the voltage change occurs. While comparing, if the difference between the two patterns exceeds a predetermined reference value, it may be determined that the normal operating range is out of range.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preventing a battery module fire in a loaded state includes: checking whether a change in voltage of a battery module exceeds a predetermined reference value; comparing a pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the module is applied and a normal pattern recorded in a history DB when the voltage fluctuation exceeds a reference value; checking a cell temperature when it is determined that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range as a result of comparison with the normal pattern; and determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises.

Here, in the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB, the pattern before the voltage fluctuation occurs is compared with candidate normal patterns recorded in the history DB. By comparison, a normal pattern to be compared may be selected as the most similar among a plurality of patterns.

Here, in the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB, the selected normal pattern to be compared and the current pattern are compared after the voltage change occurs. While comparing, if the difference between the two patterns exceeds a predetermined reference value, it may be determined that the normal operating range is out of range.

A method for preventing a battery module fire in a no-load state according to another aspect of the present invention includes checking whether a voltage variation of a battery module exceeds a predetermined reference value; If the voltage fluctuation exceeds a reference value, checking whether the current fluctuates; If there is no change in current, checking the cell temperature; and determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises.

Here, in the step of determining that the cell is short-circuited, the operation of the battery module may be blocked or cut-off may be requested.

If the fire prevention method and / or battery module of the battery module according to the spirit of the present invention having the above configuration is implemented, the short state of the battery cell that occurs at an early stage is discovered at an early stage to prevent fire. there is.

A method for preventing fire of a battery module and/or a battery module according to the spirit of the present invention has an advantage of preventing a fire in an ESS or an electric vehicle by preventing a battery system fire.

1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating mutual configuration relationships among battery cells, modules, and packs;
Figure 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a battery module having a fire prevention function according to the spirit of the present invention.
3 is a flowchart illustrating a method for preventing a battery module fire in a no-load state for determining the soundness of a battery in a no-load state according to the spirit of the present invention.
4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case in which a short circuit occurs in any one cell in a battery module composed of a plurality of battery cells.
5 is a flow chart illustrating a fire prevention method for a battery module in a loaded state for determining health of a battery in a loaded state in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
6 is a graph showing criteria for determining a normal driving range through real-time pattern comparison with respect to a history DB;
Figure 7 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of a fire prevention method according to the spirit of the present invention performed for both no-load conditions and loaded conditions

In describing the present invention, terms such as first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components may not be limited by the terms. Terms are only for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element may be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

When a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it may be directly connected or connected to the other component, but it may be understood that another component may exist in the middle. .

Terms used in this specification are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Singular expressions may include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

In this specification, the terms include or include are intended to designate that there is a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, and one or more other features or numbers, It can be understood that the presence or addition of steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof is not precluded.

In addition, shapes and sizes of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clearer description.

A battery system to which the concept of the present invention can be applied is a case of an electric vehicle or an ESS, in which about 100 to 200 single cells of about 3.7 volt are connected in series, and a voltage change of about 400 to 700 volts is applied to the charge/discharge power is using Therefore, even if one battery is shorted and one voltage (about 3 volts) disappears, the voltage fluctuation is mixed with the voltage fluctuation (about 300 volts) during use, and the system continues to operate without being recognized, resulting in a large-scale fire. . In order to prevent the entire battery system from being burned down due to a battery fire, it is the most important technology to discover the short state of one battery that occurs first at the earliest time, and the present invention provides a technology that can prevent this.

That is, in the configuration relationship of FIG. 1, the present invention mounts a thermometer, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a load meter, and a charge/discharge history DB artificial intelligence comparison determiner for the battery module, through which the unit cell health constituting the battery model is determined. present an algorithm.

2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a battery module having a fire prevention function according to the spirit of the present invention. The battery module with the illustrated fire prevention function is equipped with a thermometer, an ammeter, a voltmeter, an electric load measuring instrument, and a charge/discharge history DB artificial intelligence comparison judge.

The illustrated battery module 100 includes a cell temperature monitor 120 for detecting an individual temperature rise of each cell constituting the battery module 100; a voltmeter 140 for measuring the voltage of the battery module 100; an ammeter 160 for measuring current of the battery module 100; And a real-time pattern to which the voltage measured by the voltmeter 140 and/or the current measured by the ammeter 160 is applied is compared with a normal pattern recorded in the history DB, and each cell constituting the battery module 100 is compared. A short-circuit determiner 170 for determining whether a cell is short-circuited according to whether the temperature rises or not is included.

The illustrated battery module 100 further includes a load meter 180 that is connected to the battery module 100 and measures electrical characteristics of a load 400 consuming power. In another implementation, whether or not a load is estimated from the measured values of the ammeter 160 and the voltmeter 140, and a separate load meter may not be provided.

As described above, the pattern to be compared with each other may be a pattern formed by voltage measurement values, a pattern formed by current measurement values, or a pattern formed by charging/discharging power amounts, depending on implementation. At this time, of course, the amount of power can be calculated from the voltage measurement value and the current measurement value.

Depending on implementation, the short-circuit determiner 170 may compare the normal pattern recorded in the history DB with the real-time pattern using artificial intelligence, for example, a machine learning model, and determine the result.

Depending on the implementation, the short-circuit determiner 170 may receive the real-time pattern and normal patterns as comparison target candidates from an external EMS and store them in an internal charge/discharge history DB or the like.

In this case, in selecting a normal pattern to be compared from among a plurality of candidate normal patterns stored in the charge/discharge history DB, a real-time pattern currently being monitored up to a specific point in time is compared with candidate normal patterns stored in the charge/discharge history DB. , the normal pattern to be compared is selected as the most similar. Here, the specific point in time may be a point in time at which it is determined to perform battery cell diagnosis. For example, if the battery cell diagnosis is determined when a voltage value measured by the voltmeter exceeds a predetermined reference value, the specific point in time is determined by the voltmeter. A voltage value measured at may be a time point exceeding a predetermined reference value.

Next, the short-circuit determiner 170 compares the selected normal pattern to be compared with the current pattern after the specific time point at which the voltage fluctuation occurred, and if the difference between the two patterns exceeds a predetermined pattern similarity reference value, It can be judged that it is out of the normal operating range.

The cell temperature monitor 120 includes temperature sensors installed at two or more locations of the battery module 100 so as to detect a temperature change of only one cell among all unit cells constituting the battery module 100. can include

It is economical to have one voltmeter 140 and one ampere meter 160 for each module to measure the voltage and current of the entire battery module 100, but depending on the implementation, a plurality of them may be provided.

In particular, in the case of the voltmeter, a battery module or battery pack having a function of checking aging of a battery cell and bypassing/replacing an old cell may be provided for each cell.

Next, the operation of the short circuit determiner 170, including cell short determination processes performed by the short circuit determiner 170 according to the spirit of the present invention, will be described in detail.

First, the battery health determination algorithm of the short circuit determiner 170 in a no-load state will be separately reviewed.

3 is a flow chart illustrating a fire prevention method for a battery module in a no-load state for determining the soundness of a battery in a no-load state according to the spirit of the present invention.

The illustrated method for preventing a battery module fire in a no-load state includes the steps of checking whether the voltage fluctuation of the battery module exceeds a predetermined reference value (S142, S144); If the voltage fluctuation exceeds the reference value, checking whether the current fluctuates (S146); If there is no change in current, checking the cell temperature (S170); and determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises (S180). In the step of determining that the cell is short-circuited (S180), the operation of the battery module is blocked or cut-off is requested.

Occurrence of a defective cell (unit cell, 3.7 volt) in a battery module composed of module units (3 to 5 battery cells) causes a voltage drop of about 1 to 3 volts, but this minute voltage fluctuation value is the whole system It is common that it is included in the 200-400 volt voltage fluctuation value and is not found, and even if a defective cell occurs, the entire battery system does not recognize it and operates as it is, leading to a fire or explosion of the system. In order to overcome this, a monitoring system in units of cells and modules is required.

The battery module fire prevention method according to the flowchart of FIG. 3 is a voltmeter, ammeter, thermometer, load gauge and artificial intelligence comparator in units of cells and modules as shown in FIG. It can be performed by comparing real-time patterns composed of current charge/discharge measurement data with each other.

That is, by applying a machine learning model as artificial intelligence, the risk of fire can be determined in a timely manner by comparing the past charging and discharging history curve and the current charging and discharging state measurement curve.

In addition, since a fire can occur even in a stationary state (no load state) without charge/discharge, the flowchart in FIG. 3 is presented as an algorithm with a relatively small amount of computation that can predict the time of fire start even in such a stationary state (no load state).

4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a case in which a short circuit occurs in any one cell in a battery module composed of a plurality of battery cells.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, as a result of the measurement in the state of no-load voltage (open circuit potential) of the battery module (S142), the change in the total voltage value of the voltmeter is detected (S144), indicating that a defective cell is inside the battery module. This is the case where a short-circuit occurs due to Also, the cell temperature rises during a short circuit. In this case, a voltage fluctuation occurs, but the current cannot be sensed because it is in a no-load state. That is, if a voltage change occurs according to the flowchart of FIG. 3 (S144), but current does not flow (S146), and if the cell temperature rises (S170), obviously one or more of the battery cells are short-circuited. It is possible to prevent a fire in the entire system of the battery by operating a failure spread blocking device, a battery fire diffusion prevention device (oxygen blocking device), and the like (S180).

Next, the battery health determination algorithm of the short-circuit determiner 170 in a loaded load state will be separately reviewed.

5 is a flowchart illustrating a fire prevention method for a battery module in a loaded load state for determining health of a battery in a loaded state according to the spirit of the present invention.

The illustrated method for preventing a battery module fire in a loaded state includes the steps of checking whether the voltage fluctuation of the battery module exceeds a predetermined reference value (S162, S164); If the voltage fluctuation exceeds a reference value, comparing a pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the battery module is applied (eg, a power amount pattern) with a normal pattern recorded in a history DB (166); If it is determined that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range as a result of comparison with the normal pattern, checking the cell temperature (S170); and determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises (S180). In the step of determining that the cell is short-circuited (S180), the operation of the battery module is blocked or cut-off is requested.

For example, in step S166, the pattern prior to the voltage change in step S164 is compared with candidate normal patterns recorded in the history DB, and a normal pattern to be compared is selected as the most similar pattern among a plurality of patterns. Next, the selected normal pattern to be compared and the current pattern are compared after the voltage change in step S164 occurs, but if the difference between the two patterns exceeds a predetermined reference value, it can be determined that the normal operation range is out of range.

6 is a graph showing criteria for determining a normal driving range through real-time pattern comparison with respect to a history DB.

Assuming a loaded load state (i.e., charge/discharge state), comparing the normal charge/discharge curve and the voltage, current, total load, and temperature measurement and measurement results in FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, the battery short can judge To this end, EMS (Energy Management System), AI (Artificial Intelligence) model, and charge/discharge history curve database can be used.

In the manner shown in FIG. 6, the abnormal state can be determined by comparing the measured temperature, current amount, load amount, voltage variation amount, and system charge/discharge history curve data base with AI, and the fire prevention system according to the judgment result. EMS can drive.

In this way, the battery module fire prevention method according to the spirit of the present invention was examined by dividing it into no-load conditions and loaded conditions. In actual fields, in particular, batteries used in ESS or electric vehicles are prepared for both no-load conditions and loaded conditions. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out fire prevention methods.

7 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of a fire prevention method according to the spirit of the present invention performed in preparation for both no-load conditions and loaded conditions.

The illustrated battery module fire prevention method includes a load check step (S110); In the case of no load, if the voltage of the module fluctuates and the cell temperature rises without a fluctuation of current, determining that the cell is short-circuited (S142 to S146); In the case of a load, checking whether the voltage fluctuation of the module exceeds a predetermined reference value (S162, S164); If the voltage fluctuation exceeds the reference value, comparing the pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB (S166); If it is determined that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range as a result of comparison with the normal pattern, checking the cell temperature (S170); and determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises (S180).

In the step of determining a cell short circuit of the illustrated battery module fire prevention method (S180), if it is determined that the cell short circuit occurs, the operation of the battery module may be blocked or the EMS may be requested to block the battery module.

Steps S142 to S146 in the case of a loaded load in FIG. 7 are similar to the flow chart in FIG. 5 .

In the case of no load, the step of determining a cell short circuit (S142 to S146) is, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, checking whether the voltage fluctuation of the battery module exceeds a predetermined reference value (S142, S144); If the voltage fluctuation exceeds the reference value, checking whether the current fluctuates (S146); And if there is no change in current, it can be seen that it includes a step of checking the cell temperature (S170).

Between FIG. 7 and FIG. 3 or FIG. 5, the same reference numerals denote the same steps, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 2, 4, 6, and 7, specific operation examples and principles will be described as a whole from the purpose to the start and end of the algorithm and accompanying effects along the flow.

Lithium batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage devices by connecting several (100 to 200) battery cells in series to create a voltage of several hundred volts. Voltage and temperature monitoring generally proceeds through the entire battery system, and voltage and temperature monitoring on a cell-by-cell basis is not possible. Commercial products are being released in units of modules in which 3 to 5 cells are bundled.

However, among these battery cells, a short circuit occurs in one battery cell, heat is generated, and due to this heat, the ripple effect of the failure is expanded, and the fire spreads to the adjacent cell, eventually resulting in an explosion accident. has continued If it can be detected early immediately after the first short circuit starts, it is possible to prevent the spread of failure and fire explosion to other adjacent cells, and most of the battery can be recovered and used again. That is, the entire voltage and current of the battery module providing the cause of the fire is monitored to operate the cutoff device (electrical cutoff, cutoff of oxygen supply, cutoff of thermal diffusion, etc.).

Occurrence of a defective cell in a module composed of 3 to 5 cells causes a voltage drop of about 1 to 4 volts, but this minute voltage fluctuation value is included in the overall system voltage fluctuation value of 400 to 600 volts and is often not found. Even if a defective cell occurs, the entire battery system does not recognize it and operates as it is, leading to a fire or explosion of the system. A surveillance system that can overcome this early is desperately needed.

In FIGS. 2 and 4 , the fact that the voltage fluctuation is detected in the no-load voltage (open circuit potential) state in the battery module 100 means that when a short occurs due to a defective cell inside the battery module 100 and the temperature rises. am. In this case, a voltage fluctuation occurs, but the current cannot be sensed because it is in a no-load state. That is, in FIG. 2, when voltage fluctuation occurs but current does not flow, it is determined that one of the obvious battery cells is short-circuited, and a fault impact blocking device, a battery fire diffusion prevention device (oxygen blocking device), etc. are operated to prevent battery fire. can do.

The cause of the battery fire is revealed to be a short circuit caused by damage to the separator inside the battery cell. A positive electrode and a negative electrode always exist in a battery, and there is always a separator separating the positive electrode and negative electrode. The reason why the separator is damaged is due to lithium oxide in the form of icicles called dendrite. When a battery is in an overdischarged state, lithium ions precipitate in the form of oxide (Li _X O ₂ , etc.) compounds, which grow in the form of dendrites and create a “short” short circuit phenomenon that connects the positive and negative electrodes through the separator, increasing the cell temperature rises

Therefore, not only the charge/discharge cycles of the battery use but also the depth of discharge (DOD) are regarded as an important factor in battery life. This means that if overdischarge occurs frequently, dendrite formation increases and shortens battery life.

However, since the growth of such dendrite is on an atomic scale, even if it is shorted, the shorted cross-sectional area is at the nano-meter level. Early detection means that fire prevention is possible. Heat is produced before it leads to an explosion, and smoke is produced before heat is produced. Since 200 to 300 cells are connected in series, when one of them starts shorting, it is necessary to detect and withdraw it early.

In the description of the present invention, the lithium cell voltage is assumed to be about 2 volt for calculation convenience, but the actual lithium battery has a voltage of about 3.7 to 3.9.

When a short occurs in one cell, a short-circuit current flows in the short cell, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 . However, since the outside of the entire battery is in a no-load state, the current is not detected by the ammeter. That is, when the EMS (Energy management system) detects that the load current does not flow despite “the voltage fluctuation and temperature change of the battery module are detected”, various fire protection devices 300 are immediately operated to prevent fire and explosion accidents. It can be prevented.

That is, during normal battery discharge (voltage drop) process, IR drop occurs while current flows to the load end. In this case, the current flowing through the load terminal is sensed by the ammeter. However, in the case of a short inside the battery (internal short circuit), the situation is different. In this case, only the voltage change is sensed and the load current is not sensed.

The fire prevention algorithm according to the spirit of the present invention uses this phenomenon. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 7, when the voltage drop is detected and the temperature change is also detected, but the load current is not detected, the battery module according to the spirit of the present invention determines that the battery has an internal short circuit and EMS (Energy Management System) notifies this to activate the blocking device.

2 and 4 show that a short occurs between 4 volts and 6 volts (ie, a third battery cell, a battery cell located in the center). Here, the battery means a secondary battery capable of both charging and discharging. Also referred to as a cell. Short means a short circuit, and as described above, it means the case where the anode and cathode are attached. In FIG. 2, a current due to a potential difference flows in a short line due to a potential difference of 6 volts to 4 volts, but current is not sensed by an external ammeter because it is in a no-load state. After a sufficient time has elapsed, the total voltage drops from 10 volts to 8 volts as shown in the lower part circuit of FIG. 2 . This voltage fluctuation is detected by the EMS, etc. through the measurement and control system (S144), and at this time, whether current flows in the ammeter or whether it has a “0, Zero” value is determined as an And Gate condition (S146), and the temperature If the change is also detected (S170), a blocking device for fire prevention (electrical blocking, fire prevention blocking, fire extinguishing agent spraying, oxygen entry blocking, etc.) is operated (S180).

Assuming a loaded load state (i.e., charge/discharge state), comparing the current voltage, current, and total load measurement results with the past normal charge/discharge history curve database history in FIGS. 2 and 6 (S166) Whether or not it is within the normal operating range can be judged. To do this, EMS (Energy Management System), AI (Artificial Intelligence), charge and discharge history curve (data-base) are required, and these past operation databases (data base, DB) must be entered into the system, and these DB An abnormal state can be determined by comparing the current driving curve with the AI.

On the other hand, the operation database may have a form embedded in the short circuit determination unit 170 of FIG. 2 as a history DB, and may have a plurality of candidate normal patterns (eg, charge and discharge patterns) in various cases obtained from previously accumulated measurement values. ) can be stored.

In FIG. 6 , SOC means State of Charge, and OCV means Open Circuit Potential, or Open Ciruict Voltage, which means open terminal voltage. In addition, a loaded state, that is, a +load means a discharged state, and a -load means a charged state.

6, in a loaded load state (ie, charge/discharge state), the past database history database charge/discharge curve and the current voltage, current, and total load measurement result curve are successively short circuits, which are artificial intelligence comparators. In the determination unit 170, the artificial intelligence model can be compared with each other to determine whether the battery is in a normal operating range (S166). To this end, an artificial intelligence comparator, AI (Artificial Intelligence), and a charge/discharge history curve (data-base) are required and must be input to the system, and by comparing them, it can be determined whether or not the normal operating range is present.

For example, the charge / discharge history curve according to the load in the normal battery stack shows a difference from the charge / discharge history curve in the occurrence of the abnormal battery stack, and the artificial intelligence comparator finds it (S166), and additionally checks whether the temperature rises ( S170), if there is a temperature rise, it is finally judged as a cell short circuit, and a blocking device for fire prevention (electrical blocking, fire prevention blocking, fire extinguishing agent spraying, oxygen entry blocking, etc.) can be operated or requested to operate (S180) .

Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains should understand that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not limiting, since the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential characteristics thereof. only do The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims to be described later rather than the detailed description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalent concepts should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. .

100: battery module 120: temperature monitor for cells
140: voltmeter 160: ammeter
170: short circuit determiner 180: load meter
200: EMS 300: blocking device
400: load

Claims (14)

A cell temperature monitor for detecting an individual temperature rise of each cell constituting the battery module;
a voltmeter for measuring the voltage of the battery module;
an ammeter for measuring current of the battery module; and
A real-time pattern to which the voltage measured by the voltmeter and/or the current measured by the ammeter is applied is compared with the normal pattern recorded in the history DB, and whether or not the cell is short-circuited according to whether or not the temperature of each cell constituting the battery module rises. Short-circuit judgment unit for determining
A battery module having a fire prevention function comprising a.
According to claim 1,
A load meter for measuring electrical characteristics of a load connected to the battery module and consuming power
A battery module having a fire prevention function further comprising a.
According to claim 1,
The paragraph determination unit,
A battery module having a fire prevention function for determining by comparing a normal pattern recorded in the history DB with the real-time pattern using a machine learning model.
According to claim 1,
The paragraph determination unit,
A battery module having a fire prevention function for receiving and storing the real-time patterns and normal patterns as comparison target candidates from an external EMS.
According to claim 1,
The temperature monitor for the cell,
A battery module having a fire prevention function including temperature sensors installed at two or more locations of the battery module to detect a temperature change of only one cell among all cells constituting the battery module.
A load check step of checking whether the battery module is in a loaded or unloaded state;
In the case of no load, if the voltage of the module fluctuates and the cell temperature rises without the fluctuation of the current, determining that the cell is short-circuited;
In the case of a loaded load, checking whether the voltage fluctuation of the module exceeds a predetermined reference value;
comparing a pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the module is applied and a normal pattern recorded in a history DB when the voltage fluctuation exceeds a reference value;
checking a cell temperature when it is determined that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range as a result of comparison with the normal pattern; and
Determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises
Battery module fire prevention method comprising a.
According to claim 6,
In the step of determining that the cell is short-circuited,
A battery module fire prevention method for blocking or requesting blocking of operation of the battery module.
According to claim 6,
In the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and / or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB,
A battery module fire prevention method of comparing a pattern before the voltage change occurs with candidate normal patterns recorded in the history DB, and selecting a normal pattern to be compared as the most similar among a plurality of patterns.
According to claim 8,
In the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and / or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB,
The battery module fire prevention method of comparing the selected comparison target normal pattern and the current pattern after the voltage fluctuation occurs, and determining that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range when the difference between the two patterns exceeds a predetermined reference value.
Checking whether the variation of the voltage of the battery module exceeds a predetermined reference value;
comparing a pattern to which the voltage and/or current of the module is applied and a normal pattern recorded in a history DB when the voltage fluctuation exceeds a reference value;
checking a cell temperature when it is determined that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range as a result of comparison with the normal pattern; and
Determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises
A method for preventing a battery module fire in a loaded state comprising a.
According to claim 10,
In the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and / or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB,
A method for preventing a battery module fire under load state in which a pattern before the voltage fluctuation occurs is compared with candidate normal patterns recorded in the history DB, and a normal pattern to be compared is selected as the most similar among a plurality of patterns.
According to claim 11,
In the step of comparing the pattern to which the voltage and / or current of the battery module is applied and the normal pattern recorded in the history DB,
Comparing the selected normal pattern to be compared with the current pattern after the voltage fluctuation occurs, and determining that the normal operation range is out of the normal operation range when the difference between the two patterns exceeds a predetermined reference value. Fire prevention method.
Checking whether the variation of the voltage of the battery module exceeds a predetermined reference value;
If the voltage fluctuation exceeds a reference value, checking whether the current fluctuates;
If there is no change in current, checking the cell temperature; and
Determining that the cell is short-circuited when the checked cell temperature rises
A no-load state battery module fire prevention method comprising a.
According to claim 13,
In the step of determining that the cell is short-circuited,
A method for preventing a battery module fire in an unloaded state by blocking operation of the battery module or requesting blocking.

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