KR20210027242A - Method and apparatus for facilitating next-generation wireless operation - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed that facilitate device and/or band identification protocols in next-generation wireless. An exemplary method includes analyzing the subband of the target frequency band to determine whether the subband contains a training sequence inserted by the access point, wherein the subband of the target frequency band is incumbent in response to the subband containing the training sequence. Determining that it is not used by the device, and combining one or more adjacent and unused subbands to create a proximity band to be used for communication.

Description

Method and apparatus for facilitating next-generation wireless operation

TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates generally to communication between access points, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for facilitating next-generation wireless operation.

Many locations provide Wi-Fi connectivity, connecting Wi-Fi enabled devices to networks such as the Internet. Wi-Fi enabled devices include personal computers, video game consoles, mobile phones and devices, tablets, smart televisions, digital audio players, and the like. Wi-Fi allows Wi-Fi enabled devices to access the Internet wirelessly over a wireless local area network (WLAN). To provide Wi-Fi connectivity to a device, a Wi-Fi access point transmits a radio frequency Wi-Fi signal to a Wi-Fi enabled device within the signal range of the access point (e.g., hot spot, modem, etc.). . The Wi-Fi access point periodically transmits a beacon frame containing information that allows a Wi-Fi enabled device to identify the access point and connect to the access point to transmit data.

Wi-Fi is implemented using a set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 protocol). do. Devices that can operate using the IEEE 802.11 protocol (eg, access points and Wi-Fi capable devices) are referred to as stations (STAs).

1 is an example of communication that facilitates wireless connectivity of an incumbent device and a non-incumbent device in a target frequency band using a wireless local area network (WLAN) Wi-Fi protocol.
2 is a block diagram of the exemplary band analyzer of FIG. 1.
3 is a block diagram of the exemplary preamble detector of FIG. 1.
4 is an illustrated example of one or more communication bands, some of which are used by non-incumbent devices.
5 is an illustrative example of detection of a training sequence (TS) in the first part of the subband, where the TS corresponds to a subband in which an incumbent device is not operating.
6 is an illustrative example of detection of a TS in the second part of the subband, where the TS corresponds to a subband in which an incumbent device is not operating.
7 is an illustrated example of a protocol data unit (PPDU) distributed among one or more STAs and/or access points.
8A and 8B are exemplified examples of first and second examples of modified bits included in the first and second frames of the PPDU of FIG. 7.
8C and 8D are exemplified examples of third and fourth examples of modified bits included in the first and second frames of the PPDU of FIG. 7.
9 is an exemplary flow diagram illustrating machine-readable instructions that may be executed to implement the access point of FIG. 1.
10 is an exemplary flow diagram illustrating machine-readable instructions that may be executed to implement one or more of the incumbent and/or non-incumbent devices of FIG.
11A is an exemplary flow diagram illustrating machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement a first exemplary bit generation in one or more of the incumbent and/or non-incumbent devices of FIG. 1.
11B is an exemplary flow diagram illustrating machine-readable instructions that may be executed to implement second bit generation in one or more of the incumbent and/or non-incumbent devices of FIG. 1.
11C is an exemplary flow diagram illustrating machine readable instructions that may be executed to implement third bit generation in one or more of the incumbent and/or non-incumbent devices of FIG. 1.
12 is an exemplary flow diagram illustrating machine-readable instructions that may be executed to implement the access point of FIG. 1.
13 is a block diagram of a radio architecture in accordance with some examples.
14 illustrates an exemplary front end module circuit for use in the wireless architecture of FIG. 13 in accordance with some examples.
15 illustrates an exemplary wireless IC circuit for use in the wireless architecture of FIG. 13 in accordance with some examples.
16 illustrates an exemplary baseband processing IC circuit for use in the wireless architecture of FIG. 13 in accordance with some examples.
17 is a block diagram of a processor platform configured to execute the example machine-readable instructions of FIGS. 9-12 to implement any one or any combination of the server and/or access point of FIG. 1.
The drawings are not drawn to scale. In general, the same reference numbers will be used to refer to the same or similar parts throughout the drawing(s) and the accompanying written description.

Provides Wi-Fi to Wi-Fi enabled devices (eg, STA) in various locations (eg, home, office, coffee shop, restaurant, park, airport, etc.) to enable Wi-Fi with minimal hassle You can connect your device to the Internet or to any other network. Locations can provide one or more Wi-Fi access points (APs) to output Wi-Fi signals to Wi-Fi enabled devices within range (e.g., hot spots) of Wi-Fi signals. . Wi-Fi APs are configured to connect Wi-Fi capable devices to the Internet wirelessly over a wireless local area network (WLAN) using a Wi-Fi protocol (such as IEEE 802.11). The Wi-Fi protocol describes how an AP communicates with a device to provide access to the Internet by transmitting an uplink (UL) transmission to/from the Internet and receiving a downlink (DL) transmission. This is the protocol for The Wi-Fi protocol describes various management frames (eg, beacon frames and trigger frames) that facilitate communication between an access point and a station.

Current generation Wi-Fi devices operate in either the 5 gigahertz (GHz) frequency band or the 2.4 GHz frequency band, or both. The larger operating band allows Wi-Fi devices to transmit in potentially larger bandwidths.

However, the new frequency band may contain restrictions based on incumbent devices that use the already newly opened frequency band (eg, target band) for unlicensed use. For example, the 6 GHz frequency band includes satellite incumbents and fixed service terrestrial point-to-point incumbents. Satellite incumbent bodies are affected by background radiation (eg, noise) caused by the Wi-Fi system and hitting satellite incumbent receivers. Some interference can be tolerated by the satellite incumbent, but traditional Wi-Fi deployments can cause enough interference, which can degrade performance and potentially render satellite operation obsolete. The fixed service entity includes a P2P link that is (A) bidirectional and (B) two channels of a specific bandwidth (eg, one for DL and one for UL) are allocated.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires non-incumbent devices attempting to use the newly available 6 GHz band to ensure that non-incumbent devices do not interfere with incumbent devices. It is possible to regulate the operation of a license. The FCC regulates the use of the band by monitoring the use of incumbent devices in the 6 GHz frequency band. The FCC stores details in its database regarding license use in the 6 GHz frequency band by incumbent devices. Examples disclosed herein include facilitating coexistence for wireless connectivity of incumbent and non-incumbent devices in a target frequency band (eg, 6 GHz band).

In addition, the FCC regulates unlicensed operation in the target frequency band, allowing legacy wireless devices (e.g., 11a devices, 11n devices, 11ac devices, etc.), current wireless devices (e.g., 11ax devices) and future wireless devices (e.g. For example, it is possible to ensure proper detection of devices (eg, various device types) including Next Big Thing (NBT) devices. The automatic detection of the 11ax device is performed through repetitive use of the legacy preamble field including the preamble transmission. For example, an 11ax device includes a legacy preamble field (L-SIG) and a repeat of legacy preamble field (RL-SIG), while a legacy wireless device (e.g. , 11a device, 11n device, 11ac device, etc.) includes only L-SIG. However, if RL-SIG is used in its current format, it cannot distinguish between an NBT device and an 11ax device.

Examples disclosed herein ensure that non-incumbent devices (e.g., APs and/or STAs) do not interfere with incumbent device communication, and 11ax devices (e.g., APs and/or STAs) and NBT devices are targeted It involves ensuring that they can be distinguished from each other in frequency bands.

In some examples, the procedure to ensure that the Wi-Fi device will not interfere with the active entity is based on one or more training sequences generated by the AP (e.g., training tone, tone sequence, bit sequence, etc.), and The sequence specifies the region of the target band (e.g., subband) that is not being used by the current device (the region of the target band being used by the current device is "punctured" as used herein. punctured)"). In this example, the procedure may include one or more STAs receiving the training sequence, and the one or more STAs have prior knowledge of the training sequence as well as a block of subcarriers defined as the minimum bandwidth. Accordingly, the STA determines which subband of the target band is punctured (e.g., a subband in which the training sequence is not detected) and which subband of the target band is available for continuous reception and/or transmission of data (e.g. For example, an unused subband, a subband not used by an incumbent device, a subband in which a training sequence is detected, etc.) may be determined.

Further, in some examples described herein, the procedure for ensuring that the 11ax device (e.g., AP and/or STA) and the NBT device can differentiate from each other in the target frequency band is RL-SIG (e.g., It is based on a modification to the legacy preamble field (L-SIG) repetition). In some examples, a modification to RL-SIG is flipping the polarity of each value in RL-SIG from the value contained in L-SIG (e.g., -1 becomes 1, and 1 becomes- 1, etc.). Polarity flipping can be performed in either the time domain or the frequency domain. In the example of polarity flipping in the time domain, in addition to polarity flipping of other values of L-SIG, the pilot tone (pilot tone used for phase tracking) of L-SIG is reversed. Conversely, in the example of such polarity flipping in the frequency domain, the polarity of the pilot tone of the L-SIG is not reversed (eg, remains unchanged) to enable reuse of the incumbent phase tracking loop.

In another example disclosed herein, the procedure for ensuring that the 11ax device (eg, AP and/or STA) and the NBT device can distinguish each other in the target frequency band is L-SIG and RL-SIG (eg For example, it is based on a correction for each of the legacy preamble fields (L-SIG). In this example, four values included in RL-SIG that were not previously included with L-SIG and L-SIG in legacy wireless devices (such as [+1 -1 -1 -1] in some examples of 11ax devices). (E.g. 8 values in total) can be reverse polarity for NBT devices. Thus, for the exemplary sequence of values described above, the sequence instead includes [-1 +1 +1 +1] in both L-SIG and RL-SIG in the NBT device. By including the opposite value for each value of the sequence, the procedure disclosed herein is a Euclidean distance between the 11ax sequence of L-SIG and RL-SIG and the NBT sequence of L-SIG and RL-SIG (e.g., linear distance ) Can be maximized.

In another example disclosed herein, the procedure for ensuring that the 11ax device (eg, AP and/or STA) and the NBT device can distinguish each other in the target frequency band is a reservation included in the HE-SIGA field of the preamble. Based on corrections to the bits that have been made. In this example, the polarity of the reserved bit is reversed to distinguish the NBT device from the 11ax device. For example, a bit representing an NBT device has a polarity of 1 and a bit representing an 11ax device has a polarity of 0.

As described herein, the AP and/or STA may have various configurations that may vary depending on the type of the AP and/or STA (eg, a wireless device, a laptop, a game console, etc.). In the examples disclosed herein, this configuration may be altered or varied to ensure proper identification of the 11ax device and/or NBT device, as well as to ensure proper detection of the punctured band.

Figure 1 facilitates wireless connectivity between an access point (AP) 102 and an exemplary incumbent STA 104 and exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108 using an exemplary wireless local area network Wi-Fi protocol. An exemplary communication system 100 is shown. The example of FIG. 1 includes an exemplary AP 102, an exemplary incumbent STA 104, an exemplary non-incumbent STA 106, 108, an exemplary incumbent database 122, and an exemplary network 124. Exemplary AP 102 includes exemplary radio architecture 110A, exemplary motion manager 116, exemplary training sequence generator 117, exemplary parameter store 118, and exemplary preamble detector 120. do. The exemplary incumbent STA 104 and exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 include exemplary radio architectures 110B, C, D, exemplary band analyzer 112, and exemplary preamble generator 114. Also, in some examples of AP 102 and STAs 104, 106, 108, exemplary radio architectures 110A, B, C, D may be physically similar, but in some examples they are different (e.g., Separate) transmit and/or receive frequencies.

The exemplary AP 102 of FIG. 1 is a device that allows an exemplary incumbent STA 104 and exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108 to wirelessly access the exemplary network 124. The exemplary AP 102 may be a router, modem-router, and/or any other device that provides a wireless connection from the STAs 104, 106, 108 to the network 124. For example, if the AP 102 is a router, the router accesses the network 124 through a wired connection through a modem. If the AP 102 is implemented using a modem router, such a device combines the functionality of the modem and router. In some examples, the AP 102 is an STA that communicates in the exemplary incumbent STA 104 and the exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108.

The exemplary radio architecture 110A of AP 102 corresponds to a component used to wirelessly transmit and/or receive data, as described further below in connection with the example shown in FIG. 13. The exemplary AP 102 includes an exemplary training sequence generator 117 and a parameter store 118 to facilitate selection of available subbands for communication with non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108. Exemplary AP 102 is an exemplary incumbent STA 104 and/or an exemplary non-incumbent STA 106, 108 is a legacy device (e.g., 11a device, 11n device, 11ac device, etc.), 11ax device and/or Or an exemplary preamble detector 120 to determine if it is at least one of the NBT devices. Further, the exemplary AP 102 may include an application processor (eg, the exemplary application processor 1310 of FIG. 13) to generate instructions related to other Wi-Fi protocols.

The exemplary incumbent STA 104 of FIG. 1 is a device that communicates using a target frequency band. For example, if the target band is a 6 GHz band, the exemplary incumbent STA 104 may be a fixed service P2P device and/or a satellite device. However, the incumbent STA 104 may be any type of device capable of communicating in the target frequency band monitored by the exemplary incumbent STA 104. When the incumbent STA 104 is enabled, the incumbent device is registered with the exemplary incumbent database 122 and/or provides identification, characteristics, and/or communication information. In this manner, the exemplary incumbent database 122 tracks the operation of all incumbent STAs within the location(s). In another example, the incumbent STA 104 may register with the AP 102 and the AP 102 may maintain an incumbent database 122.

The exemplary incumbent STA 104 includes an exemplary band analyzer 112 to facilitate subband selection of subbands available to the AP 102. The exemplary incumbent STA 104 is a preamble indicating whether the exemplary incumbent STA 104 is at least one of a legacy device (eg, 11a device, 11n device, 11ac device, etc.), 11ax device, and/or NBT device. That is, an exemplary preamble generator 114 is further included to generate a preamble to be transmitted to the AP 102.

The exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108 of FIG. 1 are Wi-Fi capable devices that attempt unlicensed operation within a target band. Examples of non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 include, for example, computing devices, portable devices, mobile devices, mobile phones, smart phones, tablets, game systems, digital cameras, digital video recorders, televisions, set-top boxes, e-book readers. And/or any other Wi-Fi capable device.

Exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 are exemplary band analyzers to facilitate subband selection protocols (e.g., selection of available subbands and selection of non-punctured subbands) with AP 102. Including 112, indicating whether the exemplary non-incumbent STA 106, 108 is at least one of a legacy device (e.g., 11a device, 11n device, 11ac device, etc.), 11ax device, and/or NBT device. It includes an exemplary preamble generator 114 to generate a preamble, i.e., a preamble to be transmitted to the AP 102.

The exemplary incumbent STA 104 of the exemplary communication system 100 and exemplary band analyzer 112 of the exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108, further described in connection with FIG. 2, are (one of the target frequency bands). For the above subband), it is possible to detect the training sequence (TS) on the subband, and determine that the subband is available for communication in response to detection of the TS. Conversely, the exemplary band analyzer 112 may also determine which subbands of the target frequency band do not contain the TS, and such subbands are the incumbent device (e.g., exemplary incumbent STA 104 in FIG. 1 ). ) To determine that it was punctured.

The exemplary incumbent STA 104 of the exemplary communication system 100 and the exemplary preamble generator 114 of the exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108 are the exemplary incumbent STA 104 and the exemplary non-incumbent STA 104. ), a preamble for a data packet to be distributed to the exemplary AP 202 may be generated. In some examples, generating a preamble for the data packet also includes generating one or more frames included in the preamble. For example, the preamble generator 114 may generate at least the L-SIG field and the RL-SIG field, and the RL-SIG field exists only in at least 11ax devices and/or NBT devices.

The exemplary operation manager 116 of the exemplary AP 102 of the exemplary communication system 100 of FIG. 1 determines which subbands (e.g., channels) of the AP 102 use band are available (some examples). At, based on the data retrieved from the incumbent database 122), and after receiving an instruction to transmit data from the application processor 1310 of FIG. 13, a data packet containing the requested data is generated and The data packet is segmented on the basis of it. Once the data packet is generated and segmented, the operation manager 116 transmits the segmented data packet to the exemplary radio architecture 110A and transmits the segmented data packet to the requesting STA (e.g., exemplary incumbent STA 104 and/or exemplary ratio). To be wirelessly transmitted to the incumbent STAs 106 and 108. An exemplary radio architecture 110A is described in more detail below in connection with FIG. 13.

The exemplary training sequence generator 117 of the exemplary AP 102 may generate one or more training sequences (TS) on one or more available subbands of the target frequency band. In some examples, this is from an incumbent database of one or more incumbent devices (e.g., incumbent STA 104) operating (e.g., utilizing) in at least a portion (e.g., one or more subbands) of the target frequency band. It also includes searching the list.

In some examples, the training sequence generator 117 also determines the target frequency band, one or more defined by a minimum bandwidth (MB) as determined by the AP 102 and stored in the parameter store 118. It can be divided into subbands (eg, split). Further, the training sequence generator 117 may analyze one or more subbands of the target frequency band and determine whether the current device is operating in the subband based on the list retrieved from the current database 122.

In response to determining that the subband is available, the training sequence generator 117 inserts the training sequence (eg, a bit sequence) retrieved from the parameter store 118 into the frame and/or field of the subband. For example, the training sequence generator 117 may insert a short training sequence (STS) into a short training field (STF) of a subband. This can be done for each available subband. In another example, the training sequence generator 117 may insert a long training sequence (LTS) into a long training field (LTF) of a subband. In another example, the training sequence generator 117 may insert a training sequence of any size (eg, any number of bits, tones, etc.) into any field and/or frame of the subband. In some examples, the training sequence inserted by the training sequence generator 117 may be the same for each subband into which it is inserted. In another example, the training sequence generator 117 may insert a unique training sequence into one or more of the available subbands of the target frequency band. For example, the training sequence generator 117 may generate a single training sequence spanning a target frequency band and insert only a portion of the training sequence associated with the available subbands.

Conversely, in response to determining that the subband is not available (e.g., that the subband is punctured, or that the incumbent device is operating in the subband), the training sequence generator 117 subbands the training sequence. Do not insert into the frame and/or field of. Thus, for example, the frame or field of the subband into which the training sequence is to be inserted is kept empty (eg, no inserted data).

In some examples, training sequence generator 117 also outputs the generated training sequence to radio architecture 110A, where radio architecture 110A broadcasts the training sequence to one or more of STAs 104, 106, 108. (For example, print it).

The exemplary parameter store 118 of the exemplary AP 102 of the exemplary communication system 100 of FIG. 1 may store one or more parameters and/or characteristics associated with the AP 102. In some examples, the parameter store 118 may include a target band analysis schedule (e.g., a list of times when the target band should be analyzed for an active device), one or more exemplary training sequences, one or more subband split sizes, etc. At least one can be stored.

In addition, the parameter store 118 is a volatile memory (e.g., Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)), Rambus dynamic random access Memory (RAMBUS Dynamic Random Access Memory) (RDRAM), etc.) and/or non-volatile memory (eg, flash memory). The parameter store 118 may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more double data rate (DDR) memories such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3, mobile DDR (mDDR), etc. have. The parameter store 118 may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more mass storage devices such as hard disk drive(s), compact disk drive(s), digital versatile disk drive(s), and the like. While in the illustrated example parameter store 118 is illustrated as a single database, parameter store 118 may be implemented by any number and/or type of database. Further, the parameter storage 118 is located in the AP 102 or in a central location outside the AP 102. Moreover, the data stored in the parameter store 118 is, for example, binary data, comma delimited data, tab delimited data, structured query language (SQL) structure, etc. The same can be any data format.

The exemplary preamble detector 120 of the exemplary AP 102 of the exemplary communication system 100 of FIG. 1, described in more detail with respect to FIG. 3, is from one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 at the access point. The polarity of one or more bits included in one or more frames (e.g., L-SIG frames, RL-SIG frames, HE-SIGA frames, etc.) of the received protocol data unit (PPDU) can be detected. have. In addition, based on the polarity of one or more bits included in one or more frames, the preamble detector 120 may identify one or more STAs as one of a legacy wireless device, an 11ax wireless device, or an NBT wireless device.

As described above, the exemplary incumbent database 122 of FIG. 1 stores information related to the incumbent STA 104 and the operation of the incumbent STA within the target band. For example, such information may include the location of the incumbent STA 104, antenna characteristics corresponding to the incumbent STA 104 (e.g., transmit (Tx) power, beam direction, attenuation, antenna gain, etc.), and the incumbent STA 104 ) Corresponding to the communication bandwidth and corresponding channel information, the observation period of the incoming incumbent STA 104, margin data corresponding to the number of devices (eg, STAs) in a specific location, and the like. External devices (e.g., exemplary motion manager 116, exemplary training sequence generator 117, etc.) periodically, aperiodically, or based on triggers (e.g. For example, when the exemplary incumbent database 122 is updated) it can be downloaded and/or queried.

The exemplary network 124 of FIG. 1 is a system of interconnected systems for exchanging data. The exemplary network 124 may be implemented using any type of public or private network, such as, but not limited to, the Internet, a telephone network, a local area network (LAN), a cable network, and/or a wireless network. To enable communication over the network 124, the exemplary AP 102 is capable of connecting with Ethernet, digital subscriber line (DSL), telephone line, coaxial cable or any wireless connection, etc. Includes a communication interface. In some examples, exemplary network 124 provides the requested data to be organized into data packets.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary implementation 200 of the STA-based band analyzer 112 of FIG. 1 disclosed herein that facilitates the determination and/or use of an unpunctured subband of a target band frequency. The exemplary band analyzer 112 includes an exemplary component interface 202, an exemplary band divider 204, an exemplary training sequence identifier 206, an exemplary punctured subband determiner 208, an exemplary band post processor. 210 and an exemplary training sequence reference store 212. In the illustrated example, each of the STAs 104, 106, 108 includes a band analyzer 112, but one or more of the STAs 104, 106, 108 are band analyzer 112 or one or more included in the band analyzer. It may not include a component, or it may not implement it otherwise.

The exemplary component interface 202 of FIG. 2 interfaces with the application processor 1310 to transmit a signal (e.g., an instruction to operate according to a protocol) and/or a signal from the application processor 1310 (e.g. , A command corresponding to the ACK type to be used) is received. In addition, exemplary component interface 202 interfaces with exemplary radio architectures 110B, C, D to transmit data packets/frames to radio architectures 110B, C, D to radio architecture 110A, and/or Or instruct to receive a data packet from the radio architecture 110A.

The exemplary band splitter 204 of the exemplary band analyzer 112 of FIG. 2 separates the target frequency band into one or more subbands defined by the minimum bandwidth (MB) determined by and retrieved from the AP 102 ( For example, it can be divided). In some examples, the band divider 204 also detects the size of the MB by instructing the band analyzer 112 to analyze the entire target frequency band using the filter bank to accumulate one or more samples of the subband of the bandwidth (MB). do.

The exemplary training sequence identifier 206 of the exemplary band analyzer 112 of FIG. 2 may retrieve a reference training sequence from the exemplary training sequence reference store 212, and the training sequence reference is Corresponds to one or more training sequences to be broadcast. In some examples, the training sequence identifier 206 also analyzes one or more subbands of the target frequency band to determine if the incumbent device is operating in the subband based on detection (or not detected) of the training sequence in the subband. do. In some examples, exemplary training sequence identifier 206 also detects a training sequence based on a comparison with a reference training sequence retrieved from exemplary training sequence reference store 212.

The exemplary punctured subband determiner 208 of the exemplary band analyzer 112 of FIG. 2 is based on the identification of one or more training sequences in one or more subbands of the target frequency band completed by the training sequence identifier 206. Thus, it is possible to determine one or more subbands of the target frequency band available for use by the non-incumbent device and one or more subbands of the target frequency band used (eg, punctured) by the incumbent device. In some examples, the punctured subband determiner 208 also identifies one or more bands of target frequency bands that are available for use by a non-incumbent device or punctured by an incumbent device. In some examples, distinguishing one or more subbands involves setting a bit associated with each subband (e.g., a bit set to 1 for an available subband and set to 0 for an unavailable subband). It may also contain.

The exemplary band post processor 210 of the exemplary band analyzer 112 of FIG. 2 is based on the subbands marked as available and not available by the punctured subband determiner 208. The training sequence identifier 206 may process one or more subbands determined to contain the training sequence to determine a large available proximity subband. In some examples, the largest available adjacent subband includes one or more adjacent subbands of size (M-B). Thus, for example, the largest available neighboring subband is composed of segments of the neighboring subbands that contain the largest amount of (M-B) sized subbands.

The exemplary training sequence reference store 212 included in the exemplary band analyzer 112 of FIG. 2 or otherwise implemented by the band analyzer may include one or more parameters associated with one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 and/or You can save the character. In some examples, training sequence store 212 may store one or more reference training sequences, which reference training sequences correspond to one or more training sequences used by exemplary AP 102.

In addition, the training sequence reference storage 212 is a volatile memory (e.g., synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), Rambus dynamic random access memory (RDRAM), etc.) and / or non-volatile It can be implemented by memory (eg, flash memory). The training sequence reference store 212 may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more double data rate (DDR) memories such as DDR, DDR2, DDR3, mobile DDR (mDDR), or the like. Training sequence reference store 212 may additionally or alternatively be implemented by one or more mass storage devices such as hard disk drive(s), compact disk drive(s), digital versatile disk drive(s), and the like. . In the illustrated example, the training sequence reference store 212 is illustrated as a single database, but the training sequence reference store 212 may be implemented by any number and/or type of database. Further, the training sequence reference store 212 is located in one of the STAs 104, 106, 108, or in a central location outside one of the STAs 104, 106, 108. In addition, the data stored in the training sequence reference storage 212 may be any data format such as binary data, comma-separated data, tab-delimited data, structured query language (SQL) structure, and the like.

3 is a block diagram of an exemplary implementation 300 of the AP preamble analyzer 120 of FIG. 1 disclosed herein that facilitates the determination and/or use of an unpunctured subband of a target band frequency. The exemplary band analyzer 112 includes an exemplary component interface 302, an exemplary frame analyzer 304 and an exemplary device determiner 306. Additionally or alternatively, while the incumbent database 122 is illustrated as being located outside the AP 102 in the illustrated example of FIG. 1, in some examples the incumbent database 122 is the AP 102 and/or It may be included in at least one of the preamble detectors 120 or otherwise implemented by it.

The exemplary component interface 302 of FIG. 3 interfaces with the application processor 1310 to transmit a signal (e.g., an instruction to operate according to a protocol) and/or a signal from the application processor 1310 (e.g. , A command corresponding to the received preamble) is received. In addition, exemplary component interface 302 interfaces with exemplary radio architecture 110A to transmit data packets/frames to radio architecture 110A to radio architectures 110B, C, D, and/or 110A) instructs to receive a data packet.

The exemplary frame analyzer 304 of the exemplary band analyzer 112 of FIG. 3 is one of the exemplary STAs 104, 106, 108 via the component interface 302 via the radio architecture 110A in some examples. A protocol data unit including one or more frames may be received from. In some examples, the received PPDU is at least a first frame (e.g., L-SIG frame), a second frame (e.g., RL-SIG frame) and a third frame (e.g., HE-SIGA frame) It may include.

The frame analyzer 304 may analyze at least a first frame (eg, L-SIG frame) and a second frame (eg, RL-SIG frame) of the PPDU in some examples. In some examples, analyzing the first frame and the second frame also includes analyzing one or more bits included in the first frame and the second frame. For example, frame analyzer 304 may compare the polarity of one or more bits of a first frame to a corresponding one or more bits of a second frame (e.g., as further described with respect to FIG. 8A). .

Additionally or alternatively, the frame analyzer 304 determines the polarity of the one or more signature bits included in the first frame and the second frame (e.g., as further described with respect to FIG. 8B). Can be compared with the expected polarity of. Additionally or alternatively, the exemplary frame analyzer 304 may analyze at least the third frame (eg, HE-SIGA frame) of the PPDU. In some examples, analyzing the third frame also includes analyzing the reserved bits included in the third frame. For example, the frame analyzer 304 may compare the polarity of the reserved bit included in the third frame with the expected polarity.

The exemplary device determiner 306 of the exemplary band analyzer 112 of FIG. 3 is based on the bit polarity analysis completed by the exemplary frame analyzer 304, a device that communicates with the AP 102 (e.g., It is determined whether one or more of the STAs 104, 106, 108) is at least one of a legacy device (eg, an 11a device, an 11ac device, etc.), an 11ax device, or an NBT device.

In some examples, to determine the wireless protocol of the device communicating with the access point, the device determiner 306 includes the polarity of one or more of the bits included in the second frame (e.g., RL-SIG) in the first frame. It can be determined whether it is reversed from the corresponding bit (e.g., L-SIG). In such an example, the device determiner 306 determines that the device is an 11ax device when the bit in the second frame corresponds to the bit in the first frame. Conversely, the device determiner 306 determines that the device is an NBT device when one or more bits in the second frame are reversed compared to the corresponding bits in the first frame.

Additionally or alternatively, to determine the wireless protocol of the device communicating with the access point, the device determiner 306 may perform a first frame (e.g., L-SIG) or a second frame (e.g., RL -SIG), it may be determined whether the polarity of one or more signature bits included in at least one of the example signature bits is reversed from the expected polarity of the exemplary signature bit. In such an example, device determiner 306 determines that the device is an 11ax device when the signature bit corresponds to the expected polarity. Conversely, the device determiner 306 determines that the device is an NBT device when one or more signature bits are reversed (eg, reversed) from the expected polarity.

Additionally or alternatively, to determine the wireless protocol of the device communicating with the access point, the device determiner 306 expects the polarity of the reserved bits included in the third frame (e.g., HE-SIGA). It is possible to determine at least one of whether it corresponds to a set polarity or is reversed (eg, reversed) from an expected polarity. In such an example, the device determiner 306 determines that the device is an 11ax device when the reserved bit corresponds to the expected polarity. Conversely, the device determiner 306 determines that the device is an NBT device when the reserved bit is reversed (eg, inverted) from the expected polarity.

4 illustrates an exemplary target frequency band 400, wherein one or more subbands of the target frequency band 400 are used by an incumbent device (eg, incumbent STA 104 in FIG. 1). In addition, in the illustrated example of FIG. 4, the target frequency band 400 includes a first subband 404 having a size of 106 resource units, a second subband 406 having a size of 26 resource units, and 242. It is divided into subbands of various sizes, including a third subband 408 having the size of each resource unit.

In the illustrated example, as described above, one or more incumbent devices (e.g., for example the incumbent STA 104 of FIG. 1) operate in a portion of the target frequency band 400, and the incumbent device operates in a portion Is defined by one or more punctured subbands 410. Thus, for example, the punctured subband 410 is a target frequency band that cannot be used by one or more non-incumbent devices (e.g., non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 in FIG. 1 for example). 400).

In addition, the subbands of the target frequency 400 that are not the punctured subbands 410 are available subbands 412, 414, 416, and the available subbands 412 are based on the bandwidth of 106 resource units. Is defined, and the subband 414 is defined by the bandwidth of 242 resource units, and the available subband 416 is defined by the bandwidth of 484 resource units. Thus, for example, the available subbands 412, 414, 416 are targets that may be used by one or more non-incumbent devices (e.g., non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 in FIG. 1). It is a subband of the frequency band 400.

5 illustrates an exemplary first portion 500 of a target frequency subband 400 on which one or more incumbent devices (eg, incumbent STA 104 of FIG. 1) operate. Further, the first portion 500 of the target frequency subband 400 includes a first exemplary subband 404, a second exemplary subband 406, an exemplary punctured subband 410, and an exemplary Includes available subbands 412.

5 shows a parallel correlator 502A-H and an exemplary post to detect which of the subbands of the first portion 500 of the target frequency band 400 are available and which subbands are punctured. It further includes a processor 503A. In some examples, the parallel correlators 502A-H may be implemented by or otherwise included in the punctured subband determiner 208 of FIG. 2. The parallel correlators 502A-H detect the training sequence (TS) in one or more subbands of the first portion 500 of the target frequency band 400 substantially simultaneously in some examples.

In the illustrated example of FIG. 5, the parallel correlators 502A-C do not detect the TS and make a puncturing decision 504A accordingly, and the parallel correlator 502D detects the TS and accordingly the TS detection decision 506A. The parallel correlator 502E does not detect the TS and makes a puncturing decision 504B accordingly, and the parallel correlator 502F-G detects the TS and makes a TS detection decision 506B-C accordingly, The parallel correlator 502H does not detect the TS and makes a puncturing decision 504C accordingly. Also in this example, post processor 503A detects two adjacent subbands (e.g., subband 412) processed by parallel correlators 502F-G, and the post processor also detects two adjacent subbands. Conversely, it is determined that, in some examples, it may be used as a larger available bandwidth for an incoming non-incumbent STA (eg, non-incumbent STAs 106, 108).

Thus, in the illustrated example of FIG. 5, the parallel correlators 502A-H determine that the subband associated with the TS detection decision 506A-C is one or more non-incumbent devices (e.g., non-incumbent STAs in FIG. 1). (106, 108)) are determined to be available for use, and the post processor 503A determines which of the subbands associated with the TS detection decisions 506A-C are adjacent to each other.

6 illustrates an example of a second portion 600 of a target frequency band 400 in which one or more incumbent devices (eg, incumbent STA 104 of FIG. 1) operate. The second portion 600 of the target frequency subband 400 includes a third exemplary subband 408, an exemplary punctured subband 410 and exemplary available subbands 414, 416. .

6 further includes parallel correlators 602A-D to detect which of the subbands of the second portion 600 of the target frequency band 400 are available and which subbands are punctured. . In some examples, the parallel correlators 602A-D may be implemented by or otherwise included in the punctured subband determiner 208, and the post processor 603A may be implemented by the band post processor 210 of FIG. It can be implemented or otherwise included in it. Alternatively, the post processors 603A, 604 may be implemented using a punctured subband determiner 208. Parallel correlators 602A-D and post processor 603A detect the training sequence TS in one or more subbands of the second portion 600 of the target frequency band 400 substantially simultaneously in some examples.

In the illustrated example of FIG. 6, the parallel correlator 602A detects the TS and makes the TS detection decision 606 accordingly, and the parallel correlator 602B does not detect the TS and makes the puncturing decision 608 accordingly. , The parallel correlators 602C and D respectively detect the TS on two (2) adjacent subbands of the bandwidth 242 resource unit and make a TS detection decision 610. Also in this example, post processor 603A detects two adjacent subbands (e.g., subband 408) processed by parallel correlators 502F-G, and the post processor also detects two adjacent subbands. Conversely, it is determined that, in some examples, it may be used as a larger available bandwidth for an incoming non-incumbent STA (eg, non-incumbent STAs 106, 108).

Thus, in the illustrated example of FIG. 6, the parallel correlators 602A-D and the post processor 603A determine that the subbands associated with the TS detection decisions 606, 610 are at least one non-incumbent device (e.g., e.g. The non-incumbent STA (106, 108) of FIG. 1 determines that it is available for use, and the subband associated with the TS detection determination 610 is the largest proximity of the subband available in the target frequency band 400. Determine that it is a subband (for example, the TS detection decision 610 subband will be used for communication between the AP 102 and one of the non-incumbent STAs 106, 108).

7 shows an exemplary protocol data unit (PPDU) 700 distributed between one or more of an exemplary incumbent STA 104, exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108, and/or AP 102. In the illustrated example of FIG. 7, the PPDU 700 is, in some examples, an exemplary first frame 704 (e.g., an exemplary long legacy training frame of the illustrated example (L-LTF). )), at least an exemplary legacy preamble 702, an exemplary second frame 706 (e.g., an exemplary legacy preamble frame (L-SIG) in the illustrated example), an exemplary third Frame 708 (e.g., an exemplary repeated legacy preamble frame (RL-SIG) in the illustrated example), an exemplary fourth frame 710 (e.g., the first exemplary HE- SIGA frame), an exemplary fifth frame 712 (eg, a second exemplary HE-SIGA frame in the illustrated example), and an exemplary content frame 714.

In some such examples, exemplary incumbent STA 104, exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108, and/or AP 102 are legacy devices (e.g., those prior to 11ax such as 11a, 11ac, 11n, etc.) , The third frame 708 field may not be included in the PPDU 700.

Also, in some such examples where the exemplary incumbent STA 104, the exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 and/or the AP 102 are NBT devices, the second frame 706, the third frame 708 and / Or at least one of the fourth frame 710 is further described with reference to FIGS. 11A to 11C and may be modified according to the procedures shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. Also, the reserved bits included in the fourth frame 710 (eg, the first exemplary HE-SIGA frame) may have their polarities reversed to indicate that the communication device is an NBT device. Thus, for example, the reserved bit may correspond to a value of 1 when the communication device is 11ax or another legacy device and may correspond to -1 when the communication device is an NBT device.

8A and 8B are included in the third frame 706 (eg, L-SIG) and/or the fourth frame 708 (eg, RL-SIG) of the PPDU 700 of FIG. 7. A first example 800A and a second example 800B of modified bits are shown, where each of the first and second examples 800A, B illustrates a bit modification for an NBT device.

In the illustrated example, a first example 800A illustrates bit modification in the time domain, and a second example 800B illustrates bit modification in the frequency domain. In some examples, a bit modification in the frequency domain includes a bit modification in the time domain reversing the polarity of one or more pilot bits and a bit modification in the frequency domain (e.g., to reuse an existing phase tracking loop). Hazard) It differs from bit modification in the time domain in that it does not reverse the polarity of more pilot bits.

Looking at the first example 800A, the first example 800A is a first frame 802A (for example, an L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and a second frame 804A (for example, the illustrated example The RL-SIG frame in the example) is also illustrated.

Further, the first frame 802A includes a bit sequence 806A (eg, [+1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1]) including one or more pilot bits 808A, and a second Frame 804A includes a bit sequence 810A (eg, [-1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1]) comprising one or more pilot bits 812A. Thus, as shown in FIG. 8A and described above, the polarity of each bit in the bit sequence 810A containing each pilot bit 812A corresponds to the corresponding in the bit sequence 806A containing each pilot bit 808A. It is inverted when compared to the bit that does.

Moving to the second example 800B, the second example 800B includes a first frame 802B (eg, an L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and a second frame 804B (eg, an example RL-SIG frame in the example shown) is also illustrated.

Further, the first frame 802B includes a bit sequence 806B (e.g., [+1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1]) including one or more pilot bits 808B, and the second Frame 804B includes a bit sequence 810B (eg, [-1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1]) comprising one or more pilot bits 812B. Thus, as shown in FIG. 8B and described above, the polarity of each bit in the bit sequence 810B (except for each pilot bit 812B) is inverted when compared to the corresponding bit in the bit sequence 806A. Thus, the polarity of the pilot bit 812B in the second frame 804B corresponds to the polarity of the pilot bit 808B in the first frame 802B when polarity flipping is performed in the frequency domain.

8C-8D show the modified bits included in the third frame 706 (e.g., L-SIG) and/or the fourth frame 708 of the PPDU 700 of FIG. 7 (e.g., A third example 800C (for an 11ax device) and a fourth example 800D (for an NBT device, for example) are shown, where example 800C illustrates the bit modification that distinguishes the 11ax device and an example ( 800D) illustrates the bit modification that distinguishes the NBT device.

Looking at the third example 800C, the third example 800C includes a first frame 802C (eg, an L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and a second frame 804C (eg, illustrated The RL-SIG frame in the example) is also illustrated.

Further, the first frame 802C includes a bit sequence 806C (e.g., a bit sequence 806C) comprising one or more signature bits 812C (e.g., [+1 -1 +1 -1] in the bit sequence 806C). , [+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1]), and the second frame 804C comprises one or more signature bits 812C (e.g., a bit sequence ( 806C) A sequence of bits (810C) containing [+1 -1 -1 -1]) within (eg, [+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 -1 -1]) Includes. In some examples, the polarity of the signature bits 812C and 812D is known to correspond to an 11ax device, and thus a third example 800C is known to correspond to an 11ax device.

Looking at the fourth example 800D, the fourth example 800D includes a first frame 802D (for example, an L-SIG frame in the illustrated example) and a second frame 804D (for example, the illustrated example The RL-SIG frame in the example) is also illustrated.

Further, the first frame 802D includes a bit sequence 806D (e.g., a bit sequence 806D) comprising one or more signature bits 812D (e.g., [-1 +1 +1 +1] in the bit sequence 806D). , [-1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1]), and the second frame 804D includes one or more signature bits 812D (e.g., a bit sequence ( 806D) within [-1 +1 +1 +1]) containing a sequence of bits (810D) (for example, [-1 +1 +1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1]) Includes.

Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 8D and described above, the polarity of each bit in the signature bit 812D included in the bit sequence 806D and 810D is within the signature bit 812C included in the bit sequence 806C and 810C. The inversion of the polarity indicating the device in the fourth example 800D, which is inverted compared to the corresponding bit, is an NBT device. In addition, inversion of each bit of the signature bit 812D (e.g., 8 bits in the illustrated example) maximizes the Euclidean distance between the signature bit 812C and the signature bit 812D, It supports strong identification.

An exemplary manner of implementing the exemplary band analyzer 112, exemplary preamble generator 114, exemplary training sequence generator 117 and/or exemplary preamble detector 120 of FIG. 1 is shown in FIGS. 2 and/or FIG. Although shown in FIG. 3, one or more of the elements, processes and/or devices illustrated in FIGS. 2 and/or 3 may be combined, separated, rearranged, omitted, removed, and/or implemented in any other manner. Also, an exemplary preamble generator 114, an exemplary training sequence generator 117, a component interface 202, an exemplary band divider 204, an exemplary training sequence identifier 206, an exemplary punctured subband determiner. 208, exemplary band post processor 210, exemplary component interface 302, exemplary frame analyzer 304, exemplary device determiner 306, and/or more generally exemplary band analyzer 112 ) And/or the exemplary preamble detector 120 may be implemented by hardware, software, firmware and/or any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware. Thus, for example, exemplary preamble generator 114, exemplary training sequence generator 117, component interface 202, exemplary band divider 204, exemplary training sequence identifier 206, exemplary puncturing Subband determiner 208, exemplary band post processor 210, exemplary component interface 302, exemplary frame analyzer 304, exemplary device determiner 306, and/or more generally exemplary Any of the band analyzer 112 and/or the exemplary preamble detector 120 may include one or more analog or digital circuit(s), logic circuits, programmable processor(s), programmable controller(s), graphics processing units ( graphics processing unit (GPU)(s), digital signal processor (DSP)(s), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)(s), programmable logic device ) (PLD)(s) and/or field programmable logic device (FPLD)(s). When reading any device or system claim of this patent to cover purely software and/or firmware implementations, an exemplary preamble generator 114, an exemplary training sequence generator 117, a component interface 202, an exemplary band divider 204, exemplary training sequence identifier 206, exemplary punctured subband determiner 208, exemplary band post processor 210, exemplary component interface 302, exemplary frame analyzer 304, At least one of the exemplary device determiner 306, and/or more generally the exemplary band analyzer 112 and/or the exemplary preamble detector 120, includes a memory, digital multifunction disk ( It is explicitly defined as including non-transitory computer-readable storage devices or storage disks such as digital versatile disks (DVD), compact disks (CDs), Blu-ray disks, and the like. Furthermore, the exemplary band analyzer 112, exemplary preamble generator 114, exemplary training sequence generator 117, and/or exemplary preamble detector 120 of FIG. 1 are shown in FIGS. 2 and/or 3. In addition to or instead of illustrated, one or more elements, processes, and/or devices may be included, and/or may include more than one of any or all illustrated elements, processes, and devices. As used herein, the phrase “communicating”, including variations thereof, encompasses direct and/or indirect communication through one or more intervening components, and includes direct physical (eg, wired) communication and/or It does not require continuous communication, but rather includes optional communication at periodic intervals, scheduled intervals, non-periodic intervals and/or one-off events.

Exemplary hardware logic, machine readable instructions, hardware implemented state machine, and/or band analyzer 112 of FIG. 1, exemplary preamble generator 114, exemplary training sequence generator 117 and/or exemplary preamble detector. Flow charts showing any combination of these for implementing 120 are shown in FIGS. 9-12. The machine-readable instructions may be an executable program or part of an executable program for execution by a computer processor, such as the processor 1712 shown in the exemplary processor platform 1700 discussed below with respect to FIG. 7. The program may be implemented as software stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium such as a CD-ROM, floppy disk, hard drive, DVD, Blu-ray disk, or memory associated with the processor 1712, but the entire program and/or a portion thereof. May alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor 1712 and/or implemented in firmware or dedicated hardware. In addition, although an exemplary program is described with reference to the flowcharts illustrated in FIGS. 9-12, the exemplary band analyzer 112, exemplary preamble generator 114, exemplary training sequence generator 117 and/or FIG. Alternatively, many other methods of implementing the exemplary preamble detector 120 may alternatively be used. For example, the execution order of blocks may be changed and/or some of the described blocks may be changed, removed, or combined. Additionally or alternatively, any or all blocks may be configured to perform a corresponding operation without executing software or firmware (e.g., discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuitry). , FPGA, ASIC, comparator, operational-amplifier (op-amp), can be implemented by a logic circuit.

As mentioned above, the exemplary process of FIGS. 9-12 is a hard disk drive, flash memory, read-only memory, compact disk, digital multifunction disk, cache, random access memory, and/or information for any duration ( Any other storage device or non-transitory computer and/or machine, such as a storage disk, that is stored, for example, for an extended period of time, permanently, to give a brief example, while temporarily buffering and/or while caching information. It may be implemented using executable instructions (eg, computer and/or machine-readable instructions) stored on a readable medium. As used herein, the term non-transitory computer-readable medium is explicitly defined as including any type of computer-readable storage device and/or storage disk, excluding radio signals and excluding transmission media.

“Consisting of” and “comprising” (and all forms and tenses thereof) are used herein in open terms. Thus, when a claim uses any form of "feature" or "comprising" (eg, includes, includes, includes, includes, has, etc.) as a preamble or within any kind of cited claim In each case, it is to be understood that additional elements, periods, etc. may exist without departing from the scope of the corresponding claim or quoted claim. As used herein, when the phrase "at least" is used as a transitional term, for example in the preamble of a claim, this phrase is open in the same way that the terms "comprising" and "having" are open. to be. For example, when used in a form such as A, B and/or C, the term "and/or" means (1) A alone, (2) B alone, (3) C alone, (4) A with B, Refers to any combination or subset of A, B, C, such as (5) C with A, (6) C with B, and (7) B with A and C together.

The program of FIG. 9 shows that the exemplary training sequence generator 117 included in the exemplary AP 102 is operating in at least a portion of the target frequency band (e.g., one or more subbands) from the incumbent database 122 ( For example, it includes a block 902 that retrieves a list of one or more incumbent devices (eg, incumbent STA 104) in use.

In block 904, the training sequence generator 117 included in the exemplary AP 102 determines the target frequency band to a minimum bandwidth (MB) as determined by the AP 102 and stored in the parameter store 118. Split (eg, split) into one or more subbands defined by.

At block 906, the training sequence generator 117 analyzes the unanalyzed first subband determined at block 904 to determine whether the current device is operating in the subband based on the list retrieved at block 902. do. In block 908, in response to the analysis completed in block 906, the incumbent device (e.g., such as the incumbent STA 104) is operating in the subband (e.g., the subband is punctured). ), and processing proceeds to block 912. Conversely, in response to the analysis of block 906, it is concluded that the non-incumbent device is not operating in the subband (eg, that the subband is available), and processing proceeds to block 910.

In block 910, in response to determining that the subband is available, the training sequence generator 117 retrieves the training sequence (e.g., a bit sequence) retrieved from the parameter store 118 into the frames of the subband and/or Or insert it into a field. For example, the training sequence generator 117 may insert the short training sequence (STS) into the short training field (STF) of the subband. In response to the insertion of the training sequence, processing proceeds to block 914.

At block 912, in response to determining that the subband is not available (e.g., the subband is punctured, the active device is operating on the subband, etc.), the training sequence generator 117 trains The sequence is not inserted into the frame and/or field of the subband. Thus, for example, the frame or field of the subband into which the training sequence is to be inserted is kept empty (eg, no inserted data).

At block 914, the training sequence generator 117 determines whether any subbands have yet to be analyzed (eg, have not been processed). In some examples, training sequence generator 117 determines whether any subbands have yet to be analyzed based on the known size of the target frequency band as stored in parameter store 118. In response to determining that the remaining subbands need to be processed, processing returns to block 906. Alternatively, in response to determining that the additional subband does not need to be processed (eg, analyzed), processing proceeds to block 916.

At block 916, training sequence generator 117 outputs the training sequence generated at block 910 to radio architecture 110A, where radio architecture 110A converts the training sequence to STAs 104, 106, 108. Broadcast (e.g., output) to one or more of them.

At block 918, the training sequence generator 117 determines whether it wishes to re-analyze the target frequency band based on the schedule stored in the parameter store 118. In response to determining that re-analysis is desired according to the schedule, processing returns to block 902. Conversely, in response to determining that re-analysis is not desired (eg, not scheduled), program 900 of FIG. 9 ends.

The program of FIG. 10 shows that the exemplary training sequence identifier 206 included in the band analyzer 112 also included in one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is a reference training sequence from the exemplary training sequence reference store 212. And a block 1002 for searching for, wherein the training sequence reference corresponds to one or more training sequences broadcast by the AP 102.

At block 1004, the band divider 204 included in the exemplary band analyzer 112 of one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 determines the target frequency band by the AP 102 and determines the minimum bandwidth retrieved therefrom. Split (eg split) into one or more subbands defined by (MB) (eg, minimum size).

In block 1006, an exemplary training sequence identifier 206 included in the band analyzer 112 is configured to transmit a communication signal received from the AP 102 via the radio architectures 110B, C, D and component interface 202. Based on the analysis of the first unanalyzed subband determined in block 1004 based on the detection (or not detected) of the training sequence in the subband, it is determined whether the incumbent device is operating in the subband. In some examples, at block 1006, exemplary training sequence identifier 206 also detects a training sequence based on a comparison with a reference training sequence retrieved from exemplary training sequence reference store 212 at block 1002. do.

At block 1008, in response to the training sequence identifier 206 at block 1006 detecting the training sequence in the current subband, processing proceeds to block 1010. Conversely, in response to the training sequence identifier 206 at block 1006 not detecting the training sequence in the current subband, processing proceeds to block 1012.

At block 1010, in response to determining (e.g., detecting) that the training sequence has been inserted into the subband (e.g., that the subband is not punctured, that the subband is available, etc.), The punctured subband determiner 208 marks the subband as available for communication with one of the non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108.

Conversely, at block 1012, determining (e.g., detecting) that the training sequence has not been inserted into the subband (e.g., that the subband is punctured, that the subband is not available, etc.) In response, the punctured subband determiner 208 marks the subband as not available for communication with one of the non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108.

At block 1014, the band analyzer 112 determines if any subbands have yet to be analyzed (eg, have not been processed). In some examples, the band analyzer 112 determines if any subbands have not yet been analyzed based on the known size of the target frequency band and the list of subbands processed by the punctured subband determiner 208. In response to determining that the remaining subbands need to be processed, processing returns to block 1006. Alternatively, in response to determining that the additional subband does not need to be processed (eg, analyzed), processing proceeds to block 1016.

At block 1016, the band post processor 210 is configured by the punctured subband determiner 208 on the subbands marked as available at block 1010 and the subbands marked as not available at block 1012. To determine the largest available proximity subband based on it, at block 1010 at least one of the subbands determined to be not punctured is post-processed. In some examples, the largest available adjacent subband includes one or more adjacent subbands of size (M-B). Thus, for example, the largest available adjacent subband is composed of segments of adjacent subbands that contain the largest amount of (M-B) size subbands.

At block 1018, in response to determining a proximal subband at block 1016, the band post processor 210 via the component interface 202 provides the application processor 1310 of one of the non-incumbent STAs 106, 108. ) To communicate with the AP 102 through the proximity subband. Thus, for example, one or more radio architectures 110C, D of the non-incumbent STAs 106 and 108 transmit data packets from the radio architecture 110A included in the AP 102 via a proximity subband and/or Receive.

In block 1020, the band analyzer 112 determines whether it wishes to re-analyze the target frequency band based on the schedule retrieved from the AP 102. In response to determining that re-analysis is desired according to the schedule, processing returns to block 1002. Conversely, in response to determining that re-analysis is not desired (eg, not scheduled), program 1000 of FIG. 10 is terminated.

The program 1100A of FIG. 11A begins at block 1102A where an exemplary preamble generator 114 included in one of the exemplary STAs 104, 106, 108 determines a radio protocol associated with the STA. For example, one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 may determine that it is an NBT device. Alternatively, one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 may determine that it is an 11ax device. In either case, at block 1104B, the preamble generator 114 corresponds to a second frame (e.g., an RL-SIG frame) containing one or more bits (e.g., containing bits of the same polarity). ) Generates a first frame (eg, L-SIG frame) including one or more bits.

In block 1106A, preamble generator 114 determines whether the corresponding one of STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device based on the determination of block 1102A. In response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device, processing proceeds to block 1108A. Conversely, in response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is not an NBT device (e.g., an 11ax device, an 11a device, an 11n device, etc.), the program 1100A of FIG. 11A is terminated. do.

In block 1108A, in response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device, the preamble generator 114 reverses the polarity of one or more bits included in the second frame (e.g. For example, 1 becomes -1, -1 becomes 1, etc.), reversing one or more bits in the second frame is further described with respect to FIG. 8A. For example, in block 1108A, the preamble generator 114 can reverse the polarity of each bit included in the second frame except for one or more pilot bits (e.g., pilot bits used for phase tracking). have.

At block 1110A, preamble generator 114 determines whether it wants to implement polarity flipping of block 1108A in the time domain or frequency domain. In response to determining that it wants to implement polarity flipping in the time domain, processing proceeds to block 1112A, in which the preamble generator 114 is placed in a second frame (e.g., an RL-SIG frame). Reverse the polarity of one or more of the included pilot bits (e.g., corresponding pilot bits). Conversely, in response to determining that it is desired to implement polarity flipping in the frequency domain, processing proceeds to block 1114A, in which the preamble generator 114 does not reverse the polarity of the pilot bits. In response to the completion of either block 1112A or block 1114A, program 1100A of FIG. 11A ends.

The program of FIG. 11B includes block 1102B in which one of the exemplary STAs 104, 106, 108 determines a radio protocol associated with the STA. For example, one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 may determine that it is an NBT device. Alternatively, one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 may determine that it is an 11ax device. In either case, at block 1104B, the preamble generator 114 (e.g., contains bits of the same polarity) corresponding to a second frame (e.g., an RL-SIG frame) containing one or more signature bits. A first frame (eg, an L-SIG frame) including one or more signature bits is generated. For example, as illustrated by the signature 812C included in the bit sequence 806C and 810C of FIG. 8B, the signature generated in the first frame (eg, L-SIG) is [+1 -1 -1 -1], and the signature generated in the second frame (eg, RL-SIG) may include [+1 -1 -1 -1].

At block 1106B, the preamble generator 114 determines whether the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, and 108 is an NBT device based on the determination of block 1102B. In response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device, processing proceeds to block 1108B. Conversely, in response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is not an NBT device (e.g., an 11ax device, an 11a device, an 11n device, etc.), the program 1100B of FIG. 11B is terminated. do.

In block 1108B, in response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device, the preamble generator 114 performs a first frame (e.g., an L-SIG frame) and a second Reverse the polarity of one or more of the signature bits included in the frame (e.g., RL-SIG frame) (e.g., 1 becomes -1, -1 becomes 1, etc.), and Reversing one or more bits in two frames is further described with respect to FIG. 8B.

For example, as illustrated by the signature 812D included in the bit sequence 806D and 810D of FIG. 8B, after polarity flipping, the signature generated in the first frame (e.g., L-SIG) is It may include [-1 +1 +1 +1], and the signature generated in the second frame (eg, RL-SIG) may include [-1 +1 +1 +1]. In some examples, reversing each bit included in signature 812D when generating signature 812D is done to maximize the Euclidean distance between signatures (eg, for detection purposes). In response to completion of the polarity flipping of the signature bit, the program 1100B of Fig. 11B is terminated.

The program of FIG. 11C includes block 1102C in which one of the exemplary STAs 104, 106, 108 determines a radio protocol associated with the STA. For example, one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 may determine that it is an NBT device. Alternatively, one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 may determine that it is an 11ax device. In either case, at block 1104C, the preamble generator 114 generates a third frame (eg, an HE-SIGA frame) that includes setting the reserved bits. In some examples, the setting of the reserved bit at block 1102C may set the reserved bit to either polarity (eg, 1 or -1).

At block 1106C, preamble generator 114 determines whether the corresponding one of STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device based on the determination of block 1102C. In response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device, processing proceeds to block 1108C. Conversely, in response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is not an NBT device (e.g., an 11ax device, an 11a device, an 11n device, etc.), the program 1100C of FIG. 11C is terminated. do.

In block 1108C, in response to determining that the corresponding one of the STAs 104, 106, 108 is an NBT device, the preamble generator 114 is included in a third frame (e.g., an HE-SIGA frame). Reverse the polarity of the reserved bit (for example, 1 becomes -1, -1 becomes 1). In response to completion of the polarity flipping of the reserved bit, the program 1100C of Fig. 11C is terminated.

The program of FIG. 12 shows that the exemplary component interface 302 of the exemplary preamble detector 120 included in the AP 102 of FIG. 1 is through the radio architecture 110, among exemplary STAs 104, 106, and 108. Includes a block 1202 for receiving a protocol data unit (eg, protocol data unit 700 of FIG. 7) comprising one or more frames from one. For example, the received PPDU 700 includes at least a first frame (eg, L-SIG frame), a second frame (eg, RL-SIG frame), and a third frame (eg, HE- SIGA frame).

At block 1204, exemplary frame analyzer 304 included in preamble detector 120 includes at least a first frame (e.g., an L-SIG frame) and a second frame (e.g., an L-SIG frame) of PPDU 700. RL-SIG frame) can be analyzed. In some examples, analyzing the first frame and the second frame also includes analyzing one or more bits included in the first frame and the second frame. For example, frame analyzer 304 may compare the polarity of one or more bits of a first frame (eg, as illustrated in FIG. 8A) to a corresponding one or more bits of a second frame. Additionally or alternatively, the frame analyzer 304 can determine the polarity of the one or more signature bits included in the first frame and the second frame (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 8B). Can be compared with

At block 1206, the device determiner 306 determines that the polarity of one or more of the bits included in the second frame (eg, RL-SIG) is from a corresponding bit included in the first frame (eg, L_SIG). Decide if it is the opposite. In response to determining that the polarity of one or more of the bits is reversed, processing proceeds to block 1216. Alternatively, in response to determining that the polarity of each bit of the second frame corresponds to the polarity of the corresponding bit of the first frame, processing proceeds to block 1208.

In block 1208, the device determiner 306 has a polarity of one or more of the signature bits included in at least one of the first frame (eg, L-SIG) or the second frame (eg, RL-SIG). Determine if the exemplary signature bit is reversed from the expected polarity. In response to determining that the polarity of one or more of the signature bits of the first frame and/or the second frame is reversed from the expected polarity, processing proceeds to block 1216. Alternatively, in response to determining that each signature bit of the first frame and the second frame corresponds to the expected polarity, processing proceeds to block 1210.

At block 1210, an exemplary frame analyzer 304 included in preamble detector 120 analyzes at least a third frame (eg, HE-SIGA frame) of PPDU 700. In some examples, analyzing the third frame also includes analyzing the reserved bits included in the third frame. For example, the frame analyzer 304 may compare the polarity of the reserved bit included in the third frame with the expected polarity.

At block 1212, the device determiner 306 determines whether the polarity of the reserved bit included in the third frame (e.g., HE-SIGA) corresponds to the expected polarity or is reversed from the expected polarity (e.g. For example, whether it is inverted) or not). In response to determining that the reserved bit corresponds to the expected polarity (eg, that the reserved bit is not reversed/not inverted), processing proceeds to block 1214. Conversely, in response to determining that the reserved bit does not correspond to the expected polarity (eg, that the reserved bit is reversed/inverted), processing proceeds to block 1216.

At block 1214, a determination that the second frame (e.g., RL-SIG frame) corresponds to the first frame (e.g., L-SIG frame), a first frame (e.g., L-SIG frame) ) And/or determining that the polarity of the signature bit included in the second frame (eg, RL-SIG frame) is the expected polarity, and/or included in the third frame (eg, HE-SIGA frame) In response to each determination that the reserved bit corresponds to the expected polarity, the device determiner 310 included in the preamble detector 120 determines that the communication device (e.g., one of the STAs 104, 106, 108) is 11ax. Alternatively, it is determined that it is at least one of other legacy devices (eg, 11a device, 11ac device, 11n device, etc.), and the program 1200 of FIG. 12 is terminated.

At block 1216, a determination that one or more bits of the second frame (e.g., RL-SIG frame) are in reverse polarity compared to the corresponding bits of the first frame (e.g., L-SIG frame). , Determining that the polarity of the signature bit included in the first frame (e.g., L-SIG frame) and/or the second frame (e.g., RL-SIG frame) is reversed from the expected polarity, and/or In response to one of the determinations that the reserved bit included in the third frame (eg, the HE-SIGA frame) is reversed from the expected polarity, the device determiner 310 included in the preamble detector 120 is a communication device It is determined that (for example, one of the STAs 104, 106, 108) is an NBT device, and the program 1200 of FIG. 12 is terminated.

13 illustrates a radio architecture 110A in accordance with some embodiments that may be implemented in any of the exemplary AP 102, exemplary incumbent STA 104, and/or exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 of FIG. , B, C, D) is a block diagram. Radio architectures 110A, B, C, and D include wireless front-end module (FEM) circuits 1304a-b, wireless IC circuits 1306a-b, and baseband processing circuits 1308a-b. It may include. The wireless architectures 110A, B, C, D as shown include both wireless local area network (WLAN) functionality and Bluetooth (BT) functionality, but embodiments are not so limited. In the present disclosure, "WLAN" and "Wi-Fi" are used interchangeably.

The FEM circuit 1304a-b may include a WLAN or Wi-Fi FEM circuit 1304a and a Bluetooth (BT) FEM circuit 1304b. The WLAN FEM circuit 1304a operates on the received WLAN RF signal from one or more antennas 1301, amplifies the received signal, and applies the amplified version of the received signal to the WLAN radio IC circuit 1306a for further processing. It may include a receive signal path including a circuit configured to provide to. The BT FEM circuit 1304b operates on the BT RF signal received from one or more antennas 1301, amplifies the received signal, and the BT radio IC circuit 1306b for further processing the amplified version of the received signal. And a receive signal path that may include circuitry configured to provide to. The FEM circuit 1304a may also include a transmit signal path that may include circuitry configured to amplify the WLAN signal provided by the wireless IC circuit 1306a for wireless transmission by one or more antennas 1301. Further, the FEM circuit 1304b may also include a transmit signal path, which may include circuitry configured to amplify the BT signal provided by the wireless IC circuit 1306b for wireless transmission by one or more antennas. In the embodiment of FIG. 13, FEM 1304a and FEM 1304b are shown as being distinct from each other, but the embodiment is not so limited, and the transmission path and/or receive path of both WLAN and BT signals within the scope thereof. Or the use of one or more FEM circuits in which at least some of the FEM circuits share the transmit and/or receive signal paths of both WLAN and BT signals.

The wireless IC circuit 1306a-b as shown may include a WLAN wireless IC circuit 1306a and a BT wireless IC circuit 1306b. The WLAN wireless IC circuit 1306a includes a receive signal path that may include circuitry that down converts the WLAN RF signal received from the FEM circuit 1304a and provides the baseband signal to the WLAN baseband processing circuit 1308a. I can. BT radio IC circuit 1306b, in turn, includes a receive signal path that may include circuitry that downconverts the BT RF signal received from FEM circuit 1304b and provides the baseband signal to BT baseband processing circuit 1308b. can do. The WLAN wireless IC circuit 1306a also upconverts the WLAN baseband signal provided by the WLAN baseband processing circuit 1308a and converts the WLAN RF output signal to the FEM circuit for subsequent wireless transmission by one or more antennas 1301. 1304a) may include a transmission signal path. The BT wireless IC circuit 1306b also upconverts the BT baseband signal provided by the BT baseband processing circuit 1308b and converts the BT RF output signal to the FEM circuit for subsequent wireless transmission by one or more antennas 1301. 1304b) may include a transmission signal path. In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the wireless IC circuits 1306a and 1306b are shown as being distinct from each other, but the embodiment is not so limited, and within its range, the transmit signal path and/or the received signal of both the WLAN and BT signals The use of one or more wireless IC circuits (not shown) that includes a path, or at least some of the wireless IC circuits share the transmit and/or receive signal paths of both WLAN and BT signals. Includes.

Baseband processing circuitry 1308a-b may include WLAN baseband processing circuitry 1308a and BT baseband processing circuitry 1308b. The WLAN baseband processing circuit 1308a may include memory, such as a set of RAM arrays within a fast Fourier transform or inverse fast Fourier transform block (not shown) of the WLAN baseband processing circuit 1308a. Each of the WLAN baseband circuit 1308a and BT baseband circuit 1308b processes signals received from the corresponding WLAN or BT receive signal path of the radio IC circuit 1306a-b, and also processes the signal received from the radio IC circuit 1306a- b) may further include one or more processors and control logic to generate a corresponding WLAN or BT baseband signal towards the transmission signal path of b). Each of the baseband processing circuits 1308a and 1308b includes a physical layer (PHY) and a medium access control layer for generating and processing baseband signals and controlling the operation of the radio IC circuits 1306a-b. layer) (MAC) circuit may be further included.

With continued reference to FIG. 13, according to the illustrated embodiment, the WLAN-BT coexistence circuit 1313 is a WLAN baseband circuit 1308a and a BT baseband circuit in order to enable a use case requiring coexistence of WLAN and BT. (1308b) may include logic to provide an interface between. In addition, a switch 1303 is provided between the WLAN FEM circuit 1304a and the BT FEM circuit 1304b to enable switching between the WLAN and BT wireless devices according to the application needs. In addition, although the antenna 1301 is shown to be connected to the WLAN FEM circuit 1304a and the BT FEM circuit 1304b, respectively, the embodiment is in the range between the WLAN and the BT FEM, the sharing of one or more antennas or FEM (1304a or 1304b) including the provision of more than one antenna connected to each.

In some embodiments, the front end module circuit 1304a-b, wireless IC circuit 3206a-b, and baseband processing circuit 1308a-b may be provided on a single wireless card, such as wireless communication card 1302. have. In some other embodiments, one or more antennas 1301, FEM circuits 1304a-b, and wireless IC circuits 1306a-b may be provided on a single wireless card. In some other embodiments, wireless IC circuits 1306a-b and baseband processing circuits 1308a-b may be provided on a single chip, such as IC 1312, or on an integrated circuit (IC).

In some embodiments, the wireless communication card 1302 may include a WLAN wireless card and may be configured for Wi-Fi communication, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some of these embodiments, the radio architectures 110A, B, C, and D have orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access over a multicarrier communication channel. ) (OFDMA) communication signal can be configured to receive and transmit. The OFDM or OFDMA signal may include a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.

In some of these multicarrier embodiments, the wireless architectures 110A, B, C, and D are of a Wi-Fi communication station (STA), such as a wireless access point (AP), a base station, or a mobile device including a Wi-Fi device. May be part. In some of these embodiments, the wireless architectures 110A, B, C, D are for WLAN 802.11n-2009, IEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE 802.11-2016, 802.11n-2009, 802.11ac, 802.11ah, 802.11ad , 802.11ay and/or 802.11ax standards, and/or any IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) standards, including any IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) standards. However, the scope of the embodiment is not limited in this respect. The radio architectures 110A, B, C, D may also be suitable for transmitting and/or receiving communication signals according to other technologies and standards.

In some embodiments, wireless architectures 110A, B, C, and D may be configured for high-efficiency Wi-Fi (HEW) communication according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In this embodiment, the radio architectures 110A, B, C, D may be configured to communicate according to OFDMA technology, but the scope of the embodiment is not limited in this respect.

In some other embodiments, the radio architectures 110A, B, C, and D are capable of spread spectrum modulation (e.g., direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA)) and/or frequency Such as frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA)), time-division multiplexing (TDM) modulation and/or frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) modulation. Although it may be configured to transmit and receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques, the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, as also shown in Figure 13, BT baseband circuit 1308b is compatible with Bluetooth (BT) connectivity standards, such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth 14.0 or Bluetooth 12.0 or a repetition of any other Bluetooth standard. Can be. For example, in an embodiment including BT functionality as shown in FIG. 13, the radio architectures 110A, B, C, and D have a BT synchronous connection oriented (SCO) link and/or BT low energy. (BT low energy) (BT LE) can be configured to establish a link. In some of the embodiments that include functionality, the radio architectures 110A, B, C, and D may be configured to establish an extended SCO (eSCO) link for BT communication, but the scope of the embodiments is It is not limited in terms. In some of these embodiments including BT functionality, the radio architecture may be configured to participate in BT Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL) communication, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 13, the functions of the BT wireless card and the WLAN wireless card may be combined in a single wireless communication card, such as a single wireless communication card 1302, but embodiments are not so limited, Includes individual WLAN and BT wireless cards within its range.

In some embodiments, the radio architectures 110A, B, C, D may include other radio cards such as cellular radio cards configured for cellular (e.g., 5GPP such as LTE, LTE-Advanced or 7G communications). have.

In some IEEE 802.11 embodiments, the radio architectures 110A, B, C, D have bandwidths with center frequencies of about 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 5 MHz (with adjacent bandwidths). , 5.5 MHz, 6 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 80+80 MHz (160 MHz) (with unclosed bandwidth) to communicate over a variety of channel bandwidths. Can be configured. In some embodiments, a 920 MHz channel bandwidth may be used. However, the scope of the embodiment is not limited to the above center frequency.

14 shows a WLAN FEM circuit 1304a in accordance with some embodiments. Although the example of FIG. 14 is described with respect to the WLAN FEM circuit 1304a, the example of FIG. 14 may be described with respect to the exemplary BT FEM circuit 1304b (FIG. 13), but other circuit configurations may also be suitable. have.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuit 1304a may include a TX/RX switch 1402 to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEM circuit 1304a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The received signal path of the FEM circuit 1304a amplifies the received RF signal 1403 and outputs the amplified received RF signal 1407 (e.g., to the wireless IC circuit 1306a-b (Fig. 13)) as an output. A low-noise amplifier (LNA) 1406 may be included to provide. The transmit signal path of circuit 1304a is a power amplifier (PA) that amplifies input RF signal 1409 (e.g., provided by wireless IC circuits 1306a-b), and an exemplary duplex ( A band-pass filter (BPF) 1306a-b that generates an RF signal 1315 for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1301 (FIG. 13)) via 1414. ), a low-pass filter (LPF), or another type of filter.

In some dual mode embodiments for Wi-Fi communication, the FEM circuit 1304a may be configured to operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency spectrum or the 12 GHz frequency spectrum. In this embodiment, the receive signal path of the FEM circuit 1304a includes a receive signal path duplexer 1404 that not only separates the signal from each spectrum, but also provides a separate LNA 1406 for each spectrum, as shown. Can include. In this embodiment, the transmit signal path of the FEM circuit 1304a also includes a power amplifier 1410 and a filter 1412, such as a BPF, LPF, or other type of filter, for each frequency spectrum, and a signal of one of a different spectrum. It may include a transmission signal path duplexer 1404 that provides a single transmission path for subsequent transmission by the above antenna 1301 (FIG. 13). In some embodiments, BT communication may use the 2.4 GHz signal path and may use the same FEM circuit 1304a used for WLAN communication.

15 shows a wireless IC circuit 1306a in accordance with some embodiments. The wireless IC circuit 1306a is an example of a circuit that may be suitable for use as a WLAN or BT wireless IC circuit 1306a/1306b (FIG. 13), but other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of FIG. 15 may be described in connection with an exemplary BT wireless IC circuit 1306b.

In some embodiments, the wireless IC circuit 1306a may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path. The received signal path of the wireless IC circuit 1306a may include at least a mixer circuit 1502, an amplifier circuit 1506, and a filter circuit 1508, such as, for example, a down conversion mixer circuit. The transmission signal path of the wireless IC circuit 1306a may include at least a filter circuit 1512 and a mixer circuit 1514 such as, for example, an up-conversion mixer circuit. The wireless IC circuit 1306a may also include a synthesizer circuit 1504 for synthesizing a frequency 1505 for use by the mixer circuit 1502 and the mixer circuit 1514. Mixer circuits 1502 and/or 1514 may each be configured to provide direct conversion functionality, in accordance with some embodiments. The latter type of circuit provides a much simpler architecture compared to a standard super heterodyne mixer circuit, and any flicker noise caused by such same circuit can be mitigated using, for example, OFDM modulation. 15 illustrates only a simplified version of the wireless IC circuit, and although not shown, each of the illustrated circuits may include embodiments in which each of the illustrated circuits may include more than one component. For example, mixer circuits 1514 may each include one or more mixers, and filter circuits 1508 and/or 1512 may each include one or more filters, such as one or more BPFs and/or LPFs, depending on the application needs. I can. For example, when the mixer circuit is a direct conversion type, the mixer circuit may each include two or more mixers.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1502 down-converts the RF signal 1407 received from the FEM circuit 1304a-b (Figure 13) based on the synthesized frequency 1505 provided by the synthesizer circuit 1504. Can be configured to Amplifier circuit 1506 may be configured to amplify the down-converted signal and filter circuit 1508 may include an LPF configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signal to generate an output baseband signal 1507. have. The output baseband signal 1507 may be provided to baseband processing circuitry 1308a-b (FIG. 13) for further processing. In some embodiments, the output baseband signal 1507 may be a zero-frequency baseband signal, but this is not a requirement. In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1502 may include a passive mixer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuit 1514 upconverts the input baseband signal 1511 based on the synthesized frequency 1505 provided by the synthesizer circuit 1504 to provide the RF output towards the FEM circuits 1304a-b. It may be configured to generate signal 1409. The baseband signal 1411 may be provided to the baseband processing circuit 1308a-b and may be filtered by the filter circuit 1512. The filter circuit 1512 may include LPF or BPF, but the scope of the embodiment is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1502 and mixer circuit 1514 may each include two or more mixers, and may be arranged for orthogonal down-conversion and/or up-conversion, respectively, with the aid of synthesizer 1504. . In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1502 and mixer circuit 1514 may each include two or more mixers each configured for image rejection (eg, Hartley image rejection). In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1502 and mixer circuit 1514 may be arranged for direct down conversion and/or direct up conversion, respectively. In some embodiments, mixer circuit 1502 and mixer circuit 1514 may be configured for super heterodyne operation, but this is not a requirement.

The mixer circuit 1502 may include an orthogonal passive mixer (e.g., for in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) paths), according to one embodiment. . In this embodiment, the RF input signal 1307 from FIG. 14 may be down-converted to provide the I and Q baseband output signals to be transmitted to the baseband processor.

The orthogonal passive mixer is provided by an orthogonal circuit that may be configured to receive an LO frequency (fLO) from a local oscillator or synthesizer, such as the LO frequency 1505 of the synthesizer 1504 (FIG. 15) and It can be driven by a 90 degree time-varying LO switching signal. In some embodiments, the LO frequency may be the carrier frequency, while in other embodiments the LO frequency may be a fraction of the carrier frequency (eg, 1/2 of the carrier frequency, 1/3 of the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the 0 degree and 90 degree time-varying switching signals may be generated by the synthesizer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this regard.

In some embodiments, the LO signal may have a different duty cycle (percentage of a period in which the LO signal is high) and/or an offset (difference between the start points of the period). In some embodiments, the LO signal may have an 85% duty cycle and an 80% offset. In some embodiments, each branch of the mixer circuit (eg, in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) paths) can operate at an 80% duty cycle, which can result in significant power consumption reduction.

The RF input signal 1407 (FIG. 14) may include a balanced signal, but the scope of the embodiment is not limited in this respect. The I and Q baseband output signals may be provided to a low noise amplifier or filter circuit 1508 (FIG. 15), such as amplifier circuit 1506 (FIG. 15).

In some embodiments, the output baseband signal 1507 and the input baseband signal 1511 may be analog baseband signals, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternative embodiments, the output baseband signal 1507 and the input baseband signal 1511 may be digital baseband signals. In this alternative embodiment, the wireless IC circuit may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuit.

In some dual mode embodiments, separate wireless IC circuits may be provided to process signals for each spectrum or other spectrum not mentioned herein, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 1504 may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, but the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, the synthesizer circuit 1504 may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer including a phase locked loop with a frequency divider. According to some embodiments, synthesizer circuit 1504 may include a digital synthesizer circuit. The advantage of using a digital synthesizer circuit is that although this circuit may contain some analog components, the footprint of this circuit can be much smaller than that of an analog synthesizer circuit. In some embodiments, the frequency input to the synthesizer circuit 1504 may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), but this is not a requirement. A divider control input may also be provided by the baseband processing circuit 1308a-b (FIG. 13) depending on the desired output frequency 1505. In some embodiments, the divider control input (e.g., N) is based on the channel number and channel center frequency (e.g., in the Wi-Fi card) as determined or indicated by the exemplary application processor 1310. ) Can be determined from a lookup table. The application processor 1310 is an exemplary band analyzer 112 and an exemplary preamble determiner 114 and/or an exemplary operation manager 116 (e.g., depending on which device the exemplary radio architecture is implemented on). , An exemplary training sequence generator 117 and an exemplary parameter store 118, or otherwise connected to one of them.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuit 1504 may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency 1505, while in other embodiments, the output frequency 1505 is a fraction of the carrier frequency (e.g., 1/2, may be 1/3 of the carrier frequency). In some embodiments, the output frequency 1505 may be an LO frequency (fLO).

16 illustrates a functional block diagram of a baseband processing circuit 1308a in accordance with some embodiments. The baseband processing circuit 1308a is an example of a circuit that may be suitable for use as the baseband processing circuit 1308a (FIG. 13), although other circuit configurations may also be suitable. Alternatively, the example of FIG. 15 can be used to implement the exemplary BT baseband processing circuit 1308b of FIG. 13.

The baseband processing circuit 1308a comprises a receive baseband processor (RX BBP) 1602 and a radio IC circuit for processing the receive baseband signal 1509 provided by the radio IC circuit 1306a-b (Fig. 12). A transmit baseband processor (TX BBP) 1604 for generating a transmit baseband signal destined for (1306a-b) may be included. The baseband processing circuit 1308a may also include control logic 1606 to coordinate the operation of the baseband processing circuit 1308a.

In some embodiments (e.g., when an analog baseband signal is exchanged between the baseband processing circuit 1308a-b and the wireless IC circuit 1306a-b), the baseband processing circuit 1308a is a wireless IC circuit. It may include an ADC 1610 that converts the analog baseband signal 1609 received from (1306a-b) into a digital baseband signal for processing by the RX BBP 1602. In this embodiment, the baseband processing circuit 1208a may also include a DAC 1612 that converts the digital baseband signal from the TX BBP 1604 to an analog baseband signal 1611.

For example, in some embodiments in which the OFDM signal or OFDMA signal is communicated through the baseband processor 1308a, the transmit baseband processor 1604 performs an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to be suitable for transmission. It can be configured to generate an OFDM or OFDMA signal. The receive baseband processor 1602 may be configured to process the received OFDM signal or OFDMA signal by performing FFT. In some embodiments, the reception baseband processor 1602 detects the presence of an OFDM signal or an OFDMA signal by performing autocorrelation, detects a preamble such as a short preamble, and performs cross correlation. ) Can be configured to detect a long preamble. The preamble may be part of a predetermined frame structure for Wi-Fi communication.

Referring back to Fig. 13, in some embodiments, the antenna 1301 (Fig. 13) is each of a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, a patch antenna, a loop antenna, a microstrip antenna, or another type suitable for transmission of an RF signal, in some embodiments. It may include one or more directional or omni-directional antennas, including antennas. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas can be effectively separated to take advantage of the resulting spatial diversity and different channel characteristics. Each of the antennas 1301 may include a set of phased-array antennas, but embodiments are not so limited.

Although the radio architectures 110A, B, C, D are shown as having several distinct functional elements, more than one functional element can be combined and a digital signal processor (DSP) and/or other hardware element. It may be implemented by a combination of software-configured elements such as a processing element including a. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), and at least a variety of It may include a combination of hardware and logic circuitry. In some embodiments, a functional element may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

FIG. 17 is configured to execute the instructions of FIGS. 9-12 to implement either the exemplary AP 102 and/or the exemplary incumbent STA 104 or the exemplary non-incumbent STAs 106, 108 of FIG. 1. A block diagram of an exemplary processor platform 1700. The processor platform 1700 is, for example, a server, a personal computer, a workstation, a self-learning machine (e.g., a neural network), a mobile device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a ^{tablet such as an iPad TM} ), a personal computer. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Internet device, DVD player, CD player, digital video recorder, Blu-ray player, game console, personal video recorder, set-top box, headset or other wearable device, or any other type It may be a computing device of.

Processor platform 1700 of the illustrated example includes a processor 1712. The processor 1712 in the illustrated example is hardware. For example, processor 1712 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors, GPUs, DSPs, or controllers from any desired product family or manufacturer. The hardware processor may be a semiconductor-based (eg, silicon-based) device. In this example, the processor includes an exemplary component interface 202, an exemplary band divider 204, an exemplary training sequence identifier 206, an exemplary punctured subband determiner 208, and an exemplary band post processor 210. ), and an exemplary preamble detector 120 including an exemplary preamble generator 114 or an exemplary component interface 302, exemplary motion manager 116, and exemplary training. Implement sequence generator 117 (eg, processor 1712 implements only one of the above sets based on the location of processor 1712).

Processor 1712 in the illustrated example includes local memory 1713 (eg, cache). Processor 1712 in the illustrated example communicates with main memory including volatile memory 1714 and non-volatile memory 1716 via bus 1718. Volatile memory 1714 may be implemented by synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), Rambus® dynamic random access memory (RDRAM®, and/or any other type of random access memory device. Non-volatile memory 1716 may be implemented by flash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device Access to main memories 1714, 1716 is controlled by a memory controller.

The processor platform 1700 of the illustrated example also includes an interface circuit 1720. Interface circuit 1720 is any type of interface standard such as an Ethernet interface, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Bluetooth® interface, Near Field Communication (NFC) interface, and/or PCI Express interface. Can be implemented by

In the illustrated example, one or more input devices 1722 are connected to the interface circuit 1720. Input device(s) 1722 allows a user to input data and/or commands to processor 1812. The input device(s) may be implemented by, for example, an audio sensor, a microphone, a camera (still or video), a keyboard, a button, a mouse, a touch screen, a track pad, a trackball, an isopoint and/or a speech recognition system. I can.

One or more output devices 1724 are also connected to the interface circuit 1720 of the illustrated example. The output device 1724 is, for example, a display device (e.g., a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED)), a liquid crystal display (LCD). ), a cathode ray tube display (CRT)), an IPS (In-place Switching) display, a touch screen, etc.), a tactile output device, a printer, and/or a speaker. Thus, the interface circuit 1720 of the illustrated example typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip, and/or a graphics driver processor.

Interface circuit 1720 of the illustrated example also communicates data with transmitters, receivers, transceivers, modems, home gateways, wireless access points, and/or external machines (e.g., computing devices of any kind) via network 1726. It includes a communication device such as a network interface that facilitates the exchange. Communication can be done through, for example, an Ethernet connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL) connection, a telephone line connection, a coaxial cable system, a satellite system, a line-of-site wireless system, a cellular telephone system, etc. I can.

The illustrated example processor platform 1700 also includes one or more mass storage devices 1728 for storing software and/or data. Examples of such mass storage devices 1728 include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, Blu-ray disk drives, redundant array of independent disk (RAID) systems, and digital versatile disk (DVD) drives. Includes.

The machine-executable instructions 1732 of FIGS. 9-12 are stored in a mass storage device 1728, volatile memory 1714, non-volatile memory 1716, and/or a removable non-transitory computer-readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD. Can be saved.

From the foregoing, the non-incumbent device (e.g., AP and/or STA) (e.g., by helping to ensure that the non-incumbent device does not attempt to communicate in the subband used for communication by the incumbent device) An exemplary method to help ensure that the incumbent device does not interfere with communication, and to help ensure that the 11ax device (e.g., AP and/or STA) and the NBT device are able to differentiate from each other in the target frequency band, It will be appreciated that apparatus and articles of manufacture have been disclosed.

A first example includes an apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity to an incumbent device and a non-incumbent device in a target frequency band, wherein the apparatus analyzes the subbands of the target frequency band to generate a training sequence in which the subbands are inserted by an access point. A punctured subband determiner that determines whether to include, and determines that a subband of the target frequency band is not used by an incumbent device when the subband contains a training sequence, and a band post processor that determines a proximity band to be used for communication. And the proximity band is based on one or more contiguous and unused subbands.

A second example includes the apparatus of the first example, wherein the subband is a first subband, and the punctured subband determiner also analyzes at least a second subband included in the target frequency band.

The third example includes the apparatus of the first example, determines the minimum size of the subband of the target frequency band as defined by the access point, and divides the target frequency band into subbands having a size corresponding to the determined minimum size. It further includes a band divider to perform.

The fourth example includes the apparatus of the first example, further comprising a training sequence identifier for retrieving the reference training sequence from the database, the reference training sequence being as defined by the access point and corresponding to the training sequence.

The fifth example includes the apparatus of the first example, wherein the non-incumbent device performs at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting the data packet to the access point via a proximity band determined by the band post processor. Do.

A sixth example includes the apparatus of the first example, wherein the punctured subband determiner updates the determination of the proximity band to be used for communication based on a schedule as defined by the access point.

The seventh example includes the apparatus of the first example, wherein the training sequence is included in the short training field of the preamble included in the protocol data unit.

An eighth example includes a method for facilitating wireless connectivity for incumbent devices and non-incumbent devices in a target frequency band, wherein the method analyzes the subbands of the target frequency baseband to provide a training sequence in which the subbands are inserted by the access point. Determining whether the subband comprises a training sequence, determining that the subband of the target frequency band is not used by the incumbent device, and combining one or more adjacent and unused subbands to communicate And generating a proximity band to be used in the process.

The ninth example includes the method of the eighth example, wherein the subband is a first subband, and further comprising analyzing at least a second subband included in the target frequency band.

The tenth example includes the method of the eighth example, determining a minimum size of the subband of the target frequency band as defined by the access point, and determining the target frequency band with a size corresponding to the determined minimum size. It further comprises the step of dividing into.

The eleventh example includes the method of the eighth example, further comprising retrieving the reference training sequence from the database, wherein the reference training sequence is as defined by the access point and corresponds to the training sequence.

The twelfth example includes the method of the eighth example, further comprising at least one of receiving the data packet from the access point or the non-incumbent device transmitting the data packet to the access point over the proximity band.

The thirteenth example includes the method of the eighth example, further comprising updating the determination of the proximity band to be used for communication based on a schedule as defined by the access point.

The fourteenth example includes the method of the eighth example, wherein the training sequence is included in the short training field of the preamble included in the protocol data unit.

A fifteenth example includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing an instruction, wherein the instruction, when executed, causes the machine to analyze at least the subband of the target frequency baseband and the training sequence in which the subband is inserted by the access point. Determines whether the subband contains a training sequence, determines that the subband of the target frequency band is not used by the incumbent device, determines the proximity band to be used for communication, and the proximity band includes one or more adjacent bands. And is based on unused subbands.

A sixteenth example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the fifteenth example, wherein the subband is a first subband, and when executed, provides instructions for causing the machine to at least analyze at least a second subband included in the target frequency band. Include more.

The seventeenth example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the fifteenth example, and when executed, causes the machine to determine at least a minimum size of the subband of the target frequency band as defined by the access point, and determine the target frequency band. It further includes an instruction for dividing into subbands having a size corresponding to the size.

The eighteenth example comprises the computer-readable storage medium of the fifteenth example, further comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the machine to at least retrieve the reference training sequence from the database, wherein the reference training sequence is as defined by the access point, and Corresponds to the training sequence.

A nineteenth example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the fifteenth example, wherein the non-incumbent device performs at least one of receiving a data packet from an access point or transmitting a data packet to an access point over a proximity band.

A twentieth example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the fifteenth example, and further comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the machine to at least update a determination of the proximity band to be used for communication based on a schedule as defined by the access point. do.

The twenty-first example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the fifteenth example, wherein the training sequence is included in the short training field of the preamble included in the protocol data unit.

A 22 example includes an apparatus that facilitates wireless connectivity for incumbent devices and non-incumbent devices in a target frequency band, wherein the apparatus indicates that a subband of the target frequency band used by the access point is not used by the incumbent device. An operation manager that determines, and a training sequence generator that inserts a training sequence into a frame of a subband of a target frequency band, the training sequence notifying the non-incumbent device communicating with the access point that the subband is not used.

The 23rd example includes the apparatus of the 22nd example, wherein the training sequence generator determines the subbands used by the incumbent device based on the list of incumbent devices using the access point, the list being stored in a database.

The twenty-fourth example includes the apparatus of the twenty-second example, wherein the training sequence generator outputs the training sequence to the radio architecture over an unused subband, and the radio architecture also broadcasts the training sequence to non-incumbent devices. The apparatus of the 22nd example, wherein the access point performs at least one of receiving a data packet from a non-incumbent device or transmitting the data packet to a non-incumbent device via a subband.

The twenty-fifth example includes the apparatus of the twenty-second example, wherein the access point performs at least one of receiving a data packet from a non-incumbent device or transmitting the data packet to a non-incumbent device via a subband.

A twenty-sixth example includes an apparatus that facilitates wireless connectivity to a device in a target frequency band, the apparatus comprising a frame analyzer that detects the polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit, and a device based on the polarity of the bit. And a device determiner that distinguishes as one of a first device type communicating with the access point or a second device type communicating with the access point.

The twenty-seventh example includes the apparatus of the twenty-sixth example, wherein the frame analyzer also determines the polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of the first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit, and determines the polarity of the preamble of the protocol data unit. The polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of 2 frames is determined.

The 28th example includes the apparatus of the 27th example, wherein the device determiner further comprises when the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame, or each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame. When the polarity of is not reversed, the device determines that it is the first device type, and the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame is inverted from one or more corresponding bits of the second frame, or the first frame or the second When at least one polarity of the frame's signature bit is inverted, it is determined that the device is of the second device type.

The 29th example includes the apparatus of the 26th example, wherein the frame analyzer also determines the polarity of the reserved bits included in the third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

The 30th example includes the apparatus of the 29th example, wherein the device determiner also determines that the device is a first device type when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is the first polarity, and When the polarity is a second polarity different from the first polarity, it is determined that the device is a second device type.

The 31st example includes the apparatuses of the 26th to 30th examples, wherein the first device type conforms to the first protocol and the second device type conforms to the second protocol.

A thirty-two example includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing instructions, the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to detect at least the polarity of a bit in the frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit, and the polarity of the bit is controlled. When the polarity of the bit is one, the device communicating with the access point determines that it is a first device type, and when the polarity of the bit is the second polarity, the device communicating with the access point determines that the second device type.

The 33rd example comprises the computer-readable storage medium of the 32nd example, and when executed, causes the machine to determine at least a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit, And an instruction for determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

The 34th example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the 33rd example, and when executed, causes the machine to cause the first frame and the second frame or when the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame. Causes the device to at least determine that it is a first device type when the polarity of each of the signature bits of the first frame is not inverted, and when the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame is inverted from one or more corresponding bits of the second frame, or And an instruction for causing the device to determine that the device is a second device type when at least one polarity of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is inverted.

The thirty-five example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the thirty-two example, and further comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the machine to at least determine the polarity of the reserved bits included in the third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

The 36th example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the 35th example, wherein when executed, causes the machine to at least determine that the device is a first device type when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity, And further comprising an instruction for causing the device to determine that it is a second device type when the polarity of the reserved bit of the three frames is a second polarity different from the first polarity.

The 37th example includes the computer-readable storage medium of the 32nd to 36th examples, wherein the first device type conforms to the first protocol and the second device type conforms to the second protocol.

A 38th example includes a method of facilitating wireless connectivity to a device in a target frequency band, the method comprising detecting a polarity of a bit in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit, accessed when the polarity of the bit is a first polarity Determining that the device communicating with the point is a first device type, and determining that the device communicating with the access point is a second device type when the polarity of the bit is a second polarity.

The 39th example includes the method of the 38th example, comprising determining a polarity of at least one of a first frame bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of the preamble of the protocol data unit, the bit of the second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit , Determining the polarity of at least one of the pilot bit and the signature bit.

The 40th example includes the method of the 39th example, wherein the polarity of each bit of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bit of the second frame or the polarity of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame is reversed. Determining that the device is a first device type in response to not being of a first frame, and that the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame is inverted from one or more corresponding bits of the second frame or of the first frame or the second frame. Determining that the device is a second device type in response to at least one polarity of the signature bit being inverted.

The 41st example includes the method of the 38th example, further comprising determining the polarity of the reserved bits included in the third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

A 42nd example includes the method of the 41st example, determining that the device is a first device type in response to determining that the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is the first polarity, and of the reserved bit of the third frame. In response to determining that the polarity is a second polarity different from the first polarity, determining that the device is a second device type.

The 43rd example includes the method of examples 38 to 42, wherein the first device type conforms to the first protocol and the second device type conforms to the second protocol.

A forty-fourth example includes an apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity to a device in a target frequency band, wherein the apparatus performs at least one of inverting or maintaining a polarity of a bit included in a frame of a preamble of a protocol data unit. A frame generator, and the polarity of the bits distinguishes the device as either a first device type communicating with an access point or a second device type communicating with an access point.

The 45th example includes the apparatus of the 44th example, and the bit is generated in at least one of the first frame, the second frame, or the third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.

The 46th example includes the apparatus of the 45th example, wherein the preamble generator generates a first signature bit in a first frame and a second signature bit in a second frame, and the first and second signature bits are the devices of the first device. When it is a type, it corresponds to a first polarity set, and when the device is a second device type, it corresponds to a second polarity set inverted from the first polarity set.

The 47th example includes the apparatus of the 45th example, wherein the preamble generator generates the bits in the first frame, when the device is of the first device type, to correspond to the polarity of the corresponding bit of the second frame, and the device is the second device In the case of type, it is generated to correspond to the polarity reversed from the corresponding bit of the second frame.

The 48th example includes the apparatus of the 47th example, wherein the preamble generator generates pilot bits in the first frame to correspond to the polarities of the corresponding pilot bits of the second frame when bit generation is completed in the frequency domain, and in the time domain When the bit generation is complete, the second frame is generated to correspond to the inverted polarity from the corresponding pilot bit of the second frame.

The 49th example includes the device of the 45th example, and the preamble generator generates the bits included in the third frame to have a first polarity when the device is a first device type, and a second polarity when the device is a second device type. It is created to be.

The 50th example includes the apparatus of Examples 44 to 49, wherein the first device type conforms to the first protocol and the second device type conforms to the second protocol.

While certain exemplary methods, devices, and articles of manufacture have been disclosed herein, the scope of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, devices and articles of manufacture falling within the scope of the claims of this patent.

Claims (50)

As an apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity to incumbent devices and non-incumbent devices in a target frequency band,
A punctured sub-band determiner-the punctured sub-band determiner,
Analyze the subband of the target frequency band to determine whether the subband includes a training sequence inserted by an access point;
Determining that the subband of the target frequency band is not used by an incumbent device when the subband contains the training sequence; And
And a band post processor for determining a contiguous band to be used for communication, wherein the proximity band is based on one or more contiguous and unused subbands.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 1,
The subband is a first subband, and the punctured subband determiner further analyzes at least a second subband included in the target frequency band.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 1,
Further comprising a band divider, the band divider,
Determine a minimum size of the subband of the target frequency band as defined by the access point;
Configured to divide the target frequency band into subbands having a size corresponding to the determined minimum size
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 1,
Further comprising a training sequence identifier for retrieving a reference training sequence from the database, wherein the reference training sequence is as defined by the access point and corresponds to the training sequence.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 1,
The non-incumbent device performs at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point via a data packet in the proximity band determined by the band post processor.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 1,
The punctured subband determiner updates the determination of the proximity band to be used for communication based on a schedule as defined by the access point.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 1,
The training sequence is included in the short training field of the preamble included in the protocol data unit.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. As a method for facilitating wireless connectivity for incumbent devices and non-incumbent devices in a target frequency band,
Analyzing a subband of the target frequency band to determine whether the subband contains a training sequence inserted by an access point;
Determining that the subband of the target frequency band is not used by an incumbent device in response to the subband including the training sequence; And
Comprising the step of combining one or more adjacent and unused subbands to generate a proximity band to be used for communication.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 8,
The subband is a first subband, further comprising analyzing at least a second subband included in the target frequency band.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 8,
Determining a minimum size of the subband of the target frequency band as defined by the access point; And
Dividing the target frequency band into subbands having a size corresponding to the determined minimum size.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 8,
Retrieving a reference training sequence from the database, wherein the reference training sequence is as defined by the access point and corresponds to the training sequence.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 8,
At least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting, by the non-incumbent device, a data packet to the access point in the proximity band
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 8,
Updating the determination of the proximity band to be used for communication based on a schedule as defined by the access point.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 8,
The training sequence is included in the short training field of the preamble included in the protocol data unit.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing instructions,
The command, when executed, causes the machine to at least:
Analyze a subband of a target frequency band to determine whether the subband contains a training sequence inserted by an access point;
Determine that the subband of the target frequency band is not used by an incumbent device when the subband comprises the training sequence;
Allows you to determine a proximity band to be used for communication, the proximity band being based on one or more adjacent and unused subbands.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 15,
The subband is a first subband,
When executed, further comprising instructions for causing the machine to at least analyze at least a second subband included in the target frequency band.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 15,
When run, the machine causes the machine to at least,
Determine a minimum size of the subband of the target frequency band as defined by the access point;
Further comprising a command for dividing the target frequency band into subbands having a size corresponding to the determined minimum size
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 15,
Further comprising instructions that, when executed, cause the machine to retrieve at least a reference training sequence from the database, wherein the reference training sequence is as defined by the access point and corresponds to the training sequence.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 15,
The non-incumbent device performs at least one of receiving a data packet from the access point or transmitting a data packet to the access point in the proximity band.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 15,
Further comprising instructions, when executed, causing the machine to at least update a determination of the proximity band to be used for communication based on a schedule as defined by the access point.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 15,
The training sequence is included in the short training field of the preamble included in the protocol data unit.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. An apparatus for facilitating wireless connectivity for incumbent devices and non-incumbent devices in a target frequency band,
An operation manager that determines that a subband of the target frequency band used by the access point is not used by an incumbent device; And
A training sequence generator for inserting a training sequence into a frame of the subband of the target frequency band, wherein the training sequence notifies a non-incumbent device communicating with the access point that the subband is not used.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 22,
The training sequence generator determines the subband used by the incumbent device based on a list of incumbent devices using the access point, the list being stored in a database.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 22,
The training sequence generator outputs the training sequence to a radio architecture in the unused subband, and the radio architecture also broadcasts the training sequence to a non-incumbent device.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 22,
The access point performs at least one of receiving a data packet from the non-incumbent device or transmitting a data packet from the subband to the non-incumbent device.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. As an apparatus that facilitates wireless connectivity to a device in a target frequency band,
A frame analyzer that detects the polarity of the bits in the frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit; And
A device determiner for distinguishing a device as one of a first device type communicating with an access point or a second device type communicating with the access point based on the polarity of the bit
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 26,
The frame analyzer can also
Determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit;
Determining the polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 27,
The device determiner is also
When the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame; or
When the polarities of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame are not reversed;
Determine that the device is a first device type,
When the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame is inverted from one or more corresponding bits of the second frame; or
When at least one polarity of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is inverted;
Determining that the device is a second device type
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 26,
The frame analyzer also determines the polarity of the reserved bits included in the third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 29,
The device determiner also determines that the device is the first device type when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity, and the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is the first polarity. Determining that the device is the second device type when the second polarity is different from the first polarity
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claims 26 to 30,
The first device type conforms to a first protocol and the second device type conforms to a second protocol.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing instructions,
The command, when executed, causes the machine to at least:
Detect the polarity of the bits in the frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit;
Determine that a device communicating with an access point is a first device type when the polarity of the bit is a first polarity;
To determine that the device in communication with the access point is a second device type when the polarity of the bit is a second polarity.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 32,
When executed, the machine causes the machine to at least,
Determine a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit;
Further comprising an instruction for determining the polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 33,
When executed, the machine causes the machine to at least,
When the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame; or
When the polarities of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame are not reversed,
Determine that the device is a first device type;
When the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame is inverted from one or more corresponding bits of the second frame; or
When at least one polarity of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is inverted,
To determine that the device is a second device type
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claim 32,
The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium further comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least determine a polarity of a reserved bit included in a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit. The method of claim 35,
When executed, causes the machine to determine that the device is the first device type at least when the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is a first polarity, and the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame Further comprising instructions for causing the device to determine that the device is of the second device type when the second polarity is different from the first polarity.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The method of claims 32-36,
The first device type conforms to a first protocol and the second device type conforms to a second protocol.
Non-transitory computer-readable storage media. As a method of facilitating wireless connectivity to a device in a target frequency band,
Detecting the polarity of the bits in the frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit;
Determining that a device communicating with an access point is a first device type when the polarity of the bit is a first polarity; And
Determining that the device in communication with the access point is a second device type when the polarity of the bit is a second polarity.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 38,
Determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a first frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit; And
Further comprising determining a polarity of at least one of a bit, a pilot bit, or a signature bit of a second frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 39,
When the polarity of each of the bits of the first frame corresponds to each of the corresponding bits of the second frame; or
When the polarities of each of the signature bits of the first frame and the second frame are not reversed,
Determining that the device is a first device type; And
When the polarity of one or more bits of the first frame is inverted from one or more corresponding bits of the second frame; or
When at least one polarity of the signature bit of the first frame or the second frame is inverted,
Determining that the device is a first device type
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 38,
Further comprising the step of determining the polarity of the reserved bits included in the third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 41,
Determining that the device is the first device type in response to determining that the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is the first polarity, and the polarity of the reserved bit of the third frame is the second polarity In response to determining that the device is a second polarity different from the first polarity, determining that the device is the second device type.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claims 38-42,
The first device type conforms to a first protocol and the second device type conforms to a second protocol.
How to facilitate wireless connectivity. As an apparatus that facilitates wireless connectivity to a device in a target frequency band,
A frame generator that performs at least one of inverting or maintaining a polarity of a bit included in a frame of a preamble of the protocol data unit, wherein the polarity of the bit is a first device type that communicates a device with an access point or Distinguished as one of the second device types communicating with the access point
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 44,
The bit is generated in at least one of a first frame, a second frame, or a third frame of the preamble of the protocol data unit.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 45,
The preamble generator generates a first signature bit in the first frame and a second signature bit in the second frame, and the first and second signature bits are a first polarity set when the device is the first device type. And when the device is of the second device type, corresponding to a second polarity set inverted from the first polarity set.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 45,
The preamble generator generates the bit in the first frame to correspond to the polarity of the corresponding bit in the second frame when the device is the first device type, and the second device is the second device type when the device is the second device type. 2 generated to correspond to the polarity inverted from the corresponding bit of the frame
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 47,
The preamble generator generates a pilot bit in the first frame to correspond to a polarity of a corresponding pilot bit of the second frame when bit generation is completed in the frequency domain. When the bit generation is completed in the time domain, the first 2 generated to correspond to the polarity inverted from the corresponding pilot bit of the frame
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claim 45,
The preamble generator generates the bit included in the third frame to have a first polarity when the device is the first device type and a second polarity when the device is the second device type.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity. The method of claims 44-49,
The first device type conforms to a first protocol and the second device type conforms to a second protocol.
Devices that facilitate wireless connectivity.

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