KR20210012630A - Method for designing p2p electricity trading mechanism and system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for realizing a P2P electricity trading mechanism capable of vitalizing a P2P electricity trading market. The method comprises: a step of collecting prediction information and technology information during an electricity trading day from an electricity consumer and energy prosumers participating in a P2P electricity trading market before the start of P2P electricity trading; a step of designing an optimal operating plan model for the P2P electricity trading market during the electricity trading day based on the prediction information and the technology information collected from the electricity consumer and the energy prosumers; and a step of using the optimal operating plan model to settle the P2P electricity trading market by time slots during the corresponding electricity trading day, and sharing information in accordance with a result of the settlement with the electricity consumer and the energy prosumers.

Description

P2P power trading mechanism design method and its system {METHOD FOR DESIGNING P2P ELECTRICITY TRADING MECHANISM AND SYSTEM THEREOF}

The present invention relates to a method and a system for implementing a peer-to-peer (P2P) power transaction mechanism, and more particularly, a method for implementing a new P2P power transaction mechanism based on an optimal operation plan of the P2P power transaction market. And to the system.

Due to the rapid proliferation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) with the recent development of renewable energy technologies, electricity consumers are simply energy prosumers that produce and consume electricity directly from passive entities that consume electricity. Is transforming into.

P2P power transaction is an energy prosumer's direct exchange of its surplus power with other electricity consumers through the power grid, providing voluntary investment incentives for distributed energy resources (DER) through the creation of profits for energy prosumers and energy prosumers and electricity consumers. It is considered as a useful means to optimize the use of electricity and resources by establishing a cooperative network.

In order to revitalize such P2P electricity transactions, it is very important to more accurately capture opportunities for electricity transactions between energy prosumers and electricity consumers and provide information on them to all participants in the transaction. In other words, from the standpoint of an operator providing P2P power transaction services, by providing information on the power usage and development forecast of distributed resources of all participants in the transaction in advance, it provides incentives for electricity consumers and energy prosumers to voluntarily participate in power transactions. This can be said to be one of the prerequisites that can promote the activation of P2P electricity transactions.

However, most current P2P electricity transactions are operated by net metering the surplus power actually supplied by the energy prosumer from their electricity bill after agreeing a long-term appropriate price for the electricity transaction between the energy prosumer and the electricity consumer. . This type of P2P power transaction has a side that limits the active participation of energy prosumers in the market, and consequently, has a very limited aspect from the viewpoint of sharing information for activating P2P power trading. Therefore, in order to revitalize P2P electricity transactions through incentives for strategic actions of electricity consumers and energy prosumers, it is necessary to design a new P2P electricity trading mechanism that supports the decision-making of electricity consumers and energy prosumers.

It is an object of the present invention to solve the above and other problems. Another objective is to establish an optimal operation plan model for P2P power transaction using predictions and technical information collected from P2P power transaction participants before the power transaction date, and based on the optimal operation plan model, the P2P power transaction market of the corresponding transaction day. It is to provide a P2P power trading mechanism design method and system that can activate the P2P power trading market by sharing the result of liquidation with all power trading participants in advance.

According to an aspect of the present invention in order to achieve the above or other objects, prior to commencement of P2P power trading, the steps of: collecting predicted information and technical information during power trading days from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market; Designing an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day based on predicted information and technology information collected from the electricity consumer and energy prosumers; And P2P power trading mechanism design comprising the step of liquidating the P2P power trading market for the corresponding power trading day by time using the optimal operation plan model and sharing information according to the liquidation result to the electricity consumers and energy prosumers Provides a way.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a transaction participant information collection unit for collecting predicted information and technical information for a power transaction day from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power transaction market before the start of the P2P power transaction; An optimal operation plan model unit for establishing an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day based on the prediction information and technology information collected through the transaction participant information collection unit; A P2P power transaction clearing unit that clears the P2P power transaction market for a corresponding power transaction day by time using the optimal operation plan model established through the optimal operation plan model unit; And a P2P power transaction information providing unit that shares information according to a result of clearing the P2P power transaction market by time to the electricity consumers and energy prosumers.

According to another aspect of the present invention, prior to the initiation of P2P power trading, the process of collecting predicted information and technical information for power trading days from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market; Designing an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day based on prediction information and technology information collected from the electricity consumers and energy prosumers; And using the optimal operation plan model to clear the P2P power trading market for the corresponding power trading day by time, and to share the information according to the liquidation result with the electricity consumers and energy prosumers on a computer. Provides a computer program stored on a recording medium.

A method of designing a P2P power transaction mechanism and an effect of the system according to embodiments of the present invention will be described as follows.

According to at least one of the embodiments of the present invention, by using prediction and technical information collected from P2P power transaction participants, an optimal operation plan model for P2P power transaction during the power transaction day is established, and based on the optimal operation plan model. By sharing the result of clearing the P2P power trading market on the corresponding trading day in advance with all power trading participants, we can support the strategic decision-making of P2P power trading by electricity consumers and energy prosumers, thereby invigorating the P2P power trading market. It has the advantage of being able to.

However, the method of designing a P2P power transaction mechanism according to embodiments of the present invention and the effects that can be achieved by the system are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned are to which the present invention belongs from the following description. It will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.

1 is a diagram showing the structure of a P2P power transaction mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an operating procedure of the P2P power transaction mechanism shown in FIG. 1;
3 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the P2P power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
4 is a diagram referenced for explaining a method of determining a transaction price in a P2P power trading market;
5 is a block diagram of a P2P power transaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments disclosed in the present specification will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but identical or similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals regardless of reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. The suffixes "module" and "unit" for components used in the following description are given or used interchangeably in consideration of only the ease of preparation of the specification, and do not have meanings or roles that are distinguished from each other by themselves. That is, the term'unit' used in the present invention means a hardware component such as software, FPGA or ASIC, and the'unit' performs certain roles. However,'part' is not limited to software or hardware. The'unit' may be configured to be in an addressable storage medium, or may be configured to reproduce one or more processors. Thus, as an example,'unit' refers to components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, processes, functions, properties, procedures, Includes subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, database, data structures, tables, arrays and variables. The functions provided in the components and'units' may be combined into a smaller number of components and'units', or may be further divided into additional components and'units'.

In addition, in describing the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known technologies may obscure the subject matter of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the accompanying drawings are for easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in the present specification, and the technical idea disclosed in the present specification is not limited by the accompanying drawings, and all modifications included in the spirit and scope of the present invention It should be understood to include equivalents or substitutes.

The present invention establishes an optimal operation plan model for P2P power transaction using prediction and technical information collected from P2P power transaction participants (i.e., electricity consumers and energy prosumers) before the power transaction date, and based on the optimal operation plan model. P2P power trading mechanism design method that can activate the P2P power trading market by clearing the P2P power trading market on the corresponding trading day to generate P2P power trading information, and sharing the generated P2P power trading information with all power trading participants. And propose the system.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a P2P power transaction mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an operation procedure of the P2P power transaction mechanism shown in FIG. 1.

1 and 2, the P2P power transaction mechanism 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an electricity consumer 110 and an energy prosumer 120 actively participating in P2P power transaction, and passively in P2P power transaction. It consists of a participating power company 130 and a P2P electricity trading system (P2P-ETS, 140) that performs overall operations related to the P2P electricity transaction.

All electricity consumers (110) participating in P2P power transactions provide predicted information on the power demand by time during the transaction day (or transaction period) before commencement of P2P power transactions through their Intelligent Electronic Device (IED). It can be provided by the P2P power transaction system 140.

All energy prosumers (120) participating in P2P power transactions, through their intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), prior to the commencement of P2P power transactions, predicted information on the amount of power demand by time slot during the transaction day (or transaction period), and power generation by time slot It is possible to provide predictive information on, information on whether or not a controllable power generation/storage facility participates in the market, to the P2P power transaction system 140.

In addition, all energy prosumers 120 participating in the P2P power transaction transfer technical information (for example, capacity and efficiency information such as PV/PCS/ESS, etc.) of controllable power generation/storage facilities owned by the P2P power transaction system ( 140) can be provided. However, the information can be processed as private information that is not shared with other power trading participants.

On the other hand, the amount of power that can be sold by all energy prosumers 120 participating in the P2P power trading market first supplies their own demand and targets the surplus remaining power. Since the power generation/storage facilities owned by the energy prosumer 120 are essentially private, the amount of power they can sell is inevitably limited to surplus power that exceeds its own demand.

The energy prosumer 120 may selectively sell its surplus power to the P2P power trading market or the power company 130. However, in order to prevent the energy prosumer 120 from reselling the power purchased from itself through a storage facility and trading arbitrage, the power company 130 is much more than the unit price of the amount of electricity applied to the energy prosumer 120. It is assumed that you purchase surplus power at a low price. As a result, this provides an incentive for the energy prosumer 120 to prefer the P2P power trading market over the power company 130, and as a result, acts as a basis for the P2P energy trading market to be compatible with the power company.

In order to improve the reality of P2P power transaction, it is assumed that all transaction participants (110, 120) participating in the P2P power transaction market do not perform a separate bidding process related to P2P power transaction. This is because, in fact, repeating bidding for electricity transactions at the end-user level causes excessive transaction costs compared to the size of their electricity use.

In addition, no restrictions are imposed on the qualification criteria of the electricity consumers 110 and energy prosumers 120 participating in the P2P power trading market. This is to induce free participation in P2P electricity transactions with various consumer types and demand scales.

It is assumed that the power company 130 participates in the P2P power trading market as a passive player in order to maintain the balance of power supply and demand of the P2P power trading participants 110 and 120. Accordingly, the power company 130 acts as an electricity supplier that supplies power at the highest price to the electricity consumer 110, and at this time, the supply price of the power company 130 is the corresponding electricity consumer 110 It is determined by the unit price of the amount of electricity applied from the company 130.

The P2P power transaction system 140 automatically collects P2P power transaction related information from all electricity consumers 110 and energy prosumers 120 participating in the P2P power transaction market, and based on the collected information, It is possible to establish an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market. In addition, the P2P power trading system 140 clears the P2P power trading market for the power trading day using the optimal operation plan model, and stores all information related to the market clearing result (ie, P2P power trading volume and transaction price information by time slot). It can be shared with the electricity consumer 110 and the energy prosumer 120.

Meanwhile, all trading participants (110, 120) participating in the P2P power trading market are not obligated to fulfill the market clearing results derived from the P2P power trading system 140 according to the optimal operation plan. In reality, due to the uncertainty of various internal/external factors of the P2P power trading participants (110, 120), it is almost impossible to carry out the results of the predetermined market liquidation as it is. There are also no strategic means to do so. Therefore, the market clearing result of the P2P power transaction system 140 is standard information on the P2P power transaction price and power transaction volume by time of the future power transaction day, and the electricity consumers 110 and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power transaction It supports decision-making and plays a role in inducing P2P power transactions. The absence of the obligation to fulfill the results of market liquidation by the participants of the transaction (110, 120) requires a separate settlement process and standard setting for this after the real-time power transaction occurs.

The overall operation procedure of the P2P power transaction mechanism having the above structure is based on the process of collecting P2P power transaction related information before the power transaction date, the process of establishing an optimal operation plan model based on the collected information, and the optimal operation plan model. It consists of the process of clearing the P2P power trading market, the process of performing P2P power trading by participating in the P2P power trading market on the power trading day, and the process of settling the P2P power trading market after a certain period of time from the power trading date. Therefore, hereinafter, the configuration and operation method of the P2P power trading system 140 in charge of the overall operation procedure of the P2P power trading mechanism will be described in detail.

3 is a flow chart illustrating the operation of the P2P power trading system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Figure 3, the P2P power trading system 140 according to the present invention from the power trading day (or power trading period) from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market before a predetermined time from the P2P power trading start date. Predictive information and technical information of may be collected (S310).

More specifically, the P2P power transaction system 140 may collect predicted information on the amount of power demand for each time slot during the transaction day from electricity consumers participating in the P2P power transaction before the P2P power transaction start date. In addition, the P2P power trading system 140 provides predicted information on the amount of electricity demand by time during the transaction day from the energy prosumers participating in the P2P power transaction before the start of the P2P power transaction, predicted information on the amount of power generation by time, and controllable power generation. /Information on the presence or absence of storage facilities in the market, controllable power generation/storage facilities technology information (eg, capacity and efficiency information such as PV/PCS/ESS, etc.) can be collected.

The P2P power trading system 140 establishes (implementation) an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day based on predicted information and technical information collected from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market. ) Can (S320).

When implementing the optimal operation plan model, the P2P power trading system 140 not only provides quantitative information such as the amount of electricity transactions by time periods of electricity consumers and energy prosumers, but also the market participation status (supply/consumption) of energy prosumers, power generation and It is necessary to consider conditional information such as the operation status of storage facilities (start/stop of power generation facilities and charge/discharge storage facilities). Accordingly, the P2P power trading system 140 may design an optimal operation plan model based on a mixed integer programming (MIP).

The P2P power trading system 140 uses the objective function (F) of the optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market to the total power supply cost of electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market during the power trading day. It can be set as a function that minimizes the sum of the cost of purchasing electricity from and the operation cost of its own generation facility). This is because the goal is to maximize the potential social welfare of all trading participants participating in P2P electricity trading by deriving the maximum P2P electricity trading volume by time slot that all trading participants can share with the same value.

The objective function (F) of the optimal operation plan model may be defined as in Equation 1 below.

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i에 적용되는 전력회사의 요금단가,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 전력회사로부터 공급받는 구매계획량,

는 발전기 j의 연료비용,

는 발전기 j의 기동비용,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 소유한 발전기 j의 발전계획량,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 소유한 발전기 j의 운전상태(1: 운전, 0: 정지)임.here,

Is the cost of the utility bill applied to participant i at time t,

Is the purchase plan amount that participant i receives from the power company at time t,

Is the fuel cost of generator j,

Is the starting cost of generator j,

Is the planned power generation amount of generator j owned by participant i at time t,

Is the operating state of generator j owned by participant i at time t (1: run, 0: stop).

Since the P2P power trading market according to the power trading mechanism of the present invention considers the surplus power of energy prosumers as a trading product, as a result, it is implemented as a problem of deriving an optimal operation plan for the entire trading day of all trading participants. Therefore, when implementing the optimal operation plan model, the P2P power trading system 140 must take into account the technical characteristics of controllable power generation and storage facilities as well as maintaining the balance of power supply and demand for each time period of individual trading participants. These considerations can be modeled as constraints of the optimization problem in the optimal operation plan model.

For example, the constraints of the optimization problem considered in the optimal operation plan model include the P2P power transaction balance constraint by time slot, the power supply/demand balance constraint of the trading participants by time slot, the energy prosumer market participation constraint by time slot, the maximum receiving capacity limitation, and generator operation. There are restrictions and restrictions on ESS operation.

First, the P2P power transaction balance constraint by time period means that the sales volume and the purchase volume traded in the P2P power transaction market at a specific time period must be the same. Therefore, the amount of power that exceeds the transaction volume in the P2P power trading market must be resolved through a transaction with a high-level power company. The constraint may be defined as in Equation 2 below.

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 P2P 전력거래시장에 공급하는 판매계획량,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 P2P 전력거래시장으로부터 구매하는 구매계획량임.here,

Is the sales plan amount that participant i supplies to the P2P power trading market at time t,

Is the purchase plan amount that participant i purchases from the P2P power trading market at time t.

The constraints on the balance of power supply and demand for each participant in a transaction mean that each participant's demand for electricity must be met. Electricity demand of individual participants can be produced by themselves or can be supplied through purchases in the utility and/or P2P electricity trading market. The constraint may be defined as in Equation 3 below.

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 소유한 ESS k의 방전계획량,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 소유한 ESS k의 충전계획량,

은 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 소유한 신 재생 에너지 l의 예상발전량,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i의 예상수요량,

는 ESS k의 방전효율임.here,

Is the planned discharge amount of ESS k owned by participant i at time t,

Is the recharge plan amount of ESS k owned by participant i at time t,

Is the expected generation of renewable energy l owned by participant i at time t,

Is the expected demand for participant i at time t,

Is the discharge efficiency of ESS k.

The energy prosumer market participation restriction by time slot allows the energy prosumer to play the role of both a supplier and a consumer in the P2P power transaction market, but only participate in the power transaction in a physically arbitrary time zone as either a supplier or a consumer. It means you have to. This energy prosumer's participation in the market is mathematically implemented in the form of a binary variable. The corresponding constraint may be defined as in Equation 4 and Equation 5 below.

는 참여자 i의 인입선 최대용량,

은 시간 t에서 참여자 i의 P2P 전력거래시장 참여 상태(1: 소비, 0: 공급)임.here,

Is the maximum incoming line capacity of participant i,

Is the P2P power trading market participation status (1: consumption, 0: supply) of participant i at time t.

The maximum capacity limitation means that electricity consumers in the P2P electricity market can purchase the power they need from the power companies as well as the P2P electricity market within the level of capacity that can be received to maintain their balance of power supply and demand. However, since the consumer status of the energy prosumer is determined by the P2P power trading market participation status by time slot, whether or not the power company supplies power can be determined by sharing the corresponding status variable as shown in the following equation. In addition, since the electricity supplied by the electricity company is determined at a higher price than the electricity purchased in the P2P electricity trading market, as a result, the electricity company becomes a passive participant in the P2P electricity trading market to maintain the balance of energy supply and demand for market participants. Will act. Therefore, the corresponding constraint may be defined as in Equation 6 below.

Generator operation constraints mean that the controllable power generation facilities owned by the energy prosumer are determined by their own technical characteristics to determine the operating state and amount of power generation over time. The generator operation constraint is divided into a maximum and minimum power generation constraint and a generator increase/decrease constraint.

The maximum and minimum power generation constraints mean that the power generation output of a generator running in a certain time period must be determined between the technical maximum power generation power and the minimum power generation output of the facility, while the power generation output of a stopped generator must be determined as zero. do. Accordingly, the maximum and minimum power generation constraints of the generator must be set differently according to the operation state of the generator expressed as a binary variable, and the corresponding constraint condition may be defined as in Equation 7 below.

는 발전기 j의 운전 중 발전출력 하한,

는 발전기 j의 운전 중 발전출력 상한임.here,

Is the lower limit of the power generation output during operation of the generator j,

Is the upper limit of power generation output during operation of generator j.

The generator increase/decrease limitation determines the speed at which the facility adjusts the output according to the technical characteristics of the power generation facility, and this means limiting the maximum level that can increase or decrease the generation output of the facility for a certain period of time. The power level of the generator over time can be continuously affected over several trading periods due to the limitation of generator increase/decrease. Accordingly, the corresponding constraint condition may be defined as in Equation 8 and Equation 9 below.

는 거래구간 동안 발전기 j의 최대 증발 가능량,

는 거래구간 동안 발전기 j의 최대 감발 가능량임.here,

Is the maximum evaporation possible amount of generator j during the trading period,

Is the maximum derating amount of generator j during the trading period.

ESS operation constraints mean that the energy storage device (ESS) owned by the energy prosumer determines the state of charge/discharge and the amount of energy stored for each time period by its own technical characteristics. The ESS operation constraints are classified into a maximum charge/discharge capacity restriction, a maximum charge/discharge capacity restriction, and an SOC operation restriction.

The maximum charge/discharge capacity limitation is that when the ESS enters the charge or discharge mode, the amount of power that the facility can charge or discharge to the maximum during the transaction period is the PCS capacity of the facility and can continue charging or discharging for the same period. It means that it is limited to the amount of power available. Accordingly, the corresponding constraint may be defined as in Equation 10 and Equation 11 below.

는 거래구간 동안 ESS k의 최대 충전 가능량,

는 거래구간 동안 ESS k의 최대 방전가능량,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 소유한 ESS k의 운전상태(1: 방전, 0: 충전 및 정지)임.here,

Is the maximum rechargeable amount of ESS k during the transaction period,

Is the maximum discharge capacity of ESS k during the transaction period,

Is the operating state (1: discharge, 0: charge and stop) of ESS k owned by participant i at time t.

The maximum allowable charge/discharge amount restriction means that the chargeable amount of ESS in any transaction section is limited to the capacity that is not yet charged among the maximum storage capacity, and the discharge capacity of ESS is limited to the amount of power currently stored. Accordingly, the amount of charge/discharge available for each time period of the ESS is affected by the amount of stored power in the previous time period, and the corresponding constraint condition may be defined as in Equation 12 and Equation 13 below.

는 ESS k의 최대 저장용량,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i가 소유한 ESS k에 저장되는 예상저장량임.here,

Is the maximum storage capacity of ESS k,

Is the estimated amount of storage stored in ESS k owned by participant i at time t.

The SOC operation restriction means that the ESS storage level (State of Charge, SOC) must be operated within a certain range in order to maintain the life of the facility for a certain period or longer due to the technical characteristics of ESS. Therefore, the constraint may be defined as in Equation 14 below.

는 ESS k의 최소 저장용량임. here,

Is the minimum storage capacity of ESS k.

The P2P power trading system 140 may clear the P2P power trading market for a corresponding power trading day by time using the optimal operation plan model in which the above-described constraint conditions are reflected (S330).

In the P2P power trading market according to the present invention, since surplus power for each time slot of an energy prosumer is a transaction product for a corresponding time zone, P2P power trading does not occur during times when sufficient surplus power is not guaranteed. Therefore, the P2P power trading system 140 detects whether or not surplus power is generated by time slot during the power trading day based on the optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market, and P2P at the corresponding time slot according to the occurrence of surplus power by the time slot. It is possible to determine whether the power trading market is liquidated.

The P2P power trading system 140 may determine a P2P power transaction price for each time slot based on whether or not the P2P power trading market for each time slot during the power trading day is liquidated.

In other words, if the P2P power transaction market is not liquidated because sufficient surplus power is not supplied at a certain time, the P2P power transaction price also does not exist because the P2P power transaction does not occur during that time period. On the other hand, when the P2P power transaction market is liquidated because sufficient surplus power is supplied at a certain time, the P2P power transaction price in the corresponding time period exists because P2P power transaction occurs during the corresponding time period.

When there is a P2P power transaction price in a specific time period, the P2P power transaction system 140 determines the lowest rate among participants who purchased power in the P2P power trading market during the time period, and transmits the power at the determined rate unit price. The price of the P2P electricity transaction during the time period can be determined by subtracting the usage fee. That is, the P2P power transaction price for each time slot of the corresponding transaction day may be calculated as in Equation 15 below.

는 시간 t에서의 P2P 전력거래가격,

는 시간 t에서 참여자 i에 적용되는 전력회사의 요금단가, TC는 전력회사의 송전이용요금 단가,

는 시간 t에서 P2P 전력거래시장으로부터 전력을 구매하는 참여자 집합임.here,

Is the P2P electricity transaction price at time t,

Is the power company's charge unit price applied to participant i at time t, TC is the power company’s transmission fee unit price,

Is the set of participants purchasing power from the P2P power trading market at time t.

Since the P2P power trading market considers the surplus power of energy prosumers as trading products, the estimated power supply for each time slot in the market is fixed at a value calculated through the optimal operation plan model. In such a situation, maximizing the consumer surplus is a way to maximize the overall social welfare by giving priority to electricity consumers who are willing to consume electricity through the P2P electricity trading market. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the P2P power transaction price according to the present invention is determined based on the lowest price among participants who purchase power in the P2P power transaction market in the corresponding time period.

In addition, the P2P electricity transaction price is determined by subtracting the transmission usage fee from the minimum price of electricity purchasers. This is the reason why electricity consumers and energy prosumers should pay the transmission fee for the amount of electricity purchased and sold through the P2P electricity trading market, as P2P electricity transaction is conceptually based on the premise of direct electricity supply and demand between participants without using the upper transmission network. Because there is no. Therefore, the P2P electricity transaction price, which is formed lower than the electricity company's price by subtracting the transmission usage fee from the minimum price of electricity buyers, acts as a factor that induces electricity consumers to prefer the P2P electricity trading market more than the electricity company.

The P2P power trading system 140, upon completion of the liquidation of the P2P power trading market, shares information (ie, market liquidation information) according to the liquidation result of the corresponding power trading market to all electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading. It can be done (S340, S350).

As an example, the P2P power trading system 140 includes the estimated power supply cost on the power trading day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the power company on the power trading day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the power trading day P2P power trading market, and the P2P by time of the power trading day. Market liquidation information, including market prices for power transactions, can be transmitted to all electricity consumers participating in the P2P power trading market.

In addition, the P2P power trading system 140 includes the estimated power supply cost on the power trading day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the power company on the power trading day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the P2P power trading market on the power trading day, and the P2P power by time of the power trading day. Power sales plan amount for the trading market, power plan amount of each generator by time slot on power trading day, discharge plan amount of each ESS by time slot on power trading day, power trading day, charge plan amount of each ESS by time slot, power trading day, storage plan amount of each ESS by time slot, power trading day Market liquidation information, including the P2P power transaction market price by time slot, can be transmitted to all energy prosumers participating in the P2P power transaction market.

Electricity consumers and energy prosumers may determine whether to participate in the P2P power trading market on a corresponding power trading day based on market liquidation information received from the P2P power trading system 140.

The P2P power trading system 140 may perform P2P power trading between power trading participants according to a purchase or sale request order of electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market upon reaching the power trading date (S360).

When the P2P power transaction is completed on the corresponding transaction day, the P2P power transaction system 140 may calculate the P2P power transaction amount of the P2P power transaction participants according to a predetermined settlement standard (S370).

The amount of P2P electricity transactions occurring on the actual electricity trading day (or electricity trading period) is due to various uncertainties arising from the use of electricity by the trading participants (error in demand forecasting, errors in predicting generation of renewable power, failure of power generation and storage facilities, etc.). There may be a difference from the P2P power transaction plan amount for each time slot determined by the optimal operation plan. Therefore, it is possible to ensure a more rational P2P power transaction by performing settlement on the actual P2P power transaction volume of trading participants based on the result of the optimal operation plan of the P2P power trading market.

In the P2P power trading market, since surplus power for each time slot of energy prosumers is a trading product for that time zone, it is necessary to determine the amount of sales and purchases for all participants based on this. Accordingly, in the present embodiment, a settlement standard for electricity consumers and energy prosumers may be prepared, and the amount of electricity transaction of the participants may be calculated.

First, the sales settlement amount of the energy prosumer may be determined based on the smaller of the sales plan amount determined through the optimal operation plan model of the P2P power trading market and the amount of surplus power actually produced by the transaction participant.

The purchase settlement amount of the electricity consumer may be determined based on a value adjusted by the ratio of the total sales settlement amount and the total sales plan amount for the time period based on the purchase plan amount determined through the optimal operation plan model of the P2P power trading market. This is because the amount of electricity that electricity consumers can purchase from the P2P electricity market is limited to the amount of electricity sold by energy prosumers during the time period.

The P2P power transaction system 140 may calculate the power purchase cost and the power sales cost of the corresponding participants based on the purchase settlement amount and the sale settlement amount of P2P power transaction participants. At this time, the P2P power transaction system 140 may settle based on the P2P power transaction price determined through the optimal operation plan model of the P2P power transaction market.

On the other hand, the amount of surplus power actually produced by the energy prosumer may often exceed the sales plan amount determined through the P2P power trading market optimal operation plan, and a separate settlement standard needs to be applied for this. Since the result of the optimal operation plan of the P2P power trading market acts as a transaction contract between the electricity consumer and the energy prosumer during the time period, it is desirable not to consider the amount of excess power that is not included in the sales plan as a trading product in the P2P power trading market. . Therefore, the excess power amount of the energy prosumer can be regarded as being transacted through a contract with the power company. At this time, as described above, assuming that the power company purchases the excess power of the energy prosumer at a price lower than the P2P power transaction price for the time period, the energy prosumer maximizes the economic benefit from distributed energy resources (DER). In order to do so, it is expected to actively participate in the P2P power trading market on the power trading day.

Finally, the P2P power trading system 140, upon completion of the settlement of the P2P power trading market, shares information (market settlement information) according to the settlement result of the corresponding power trading market to electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading. can do. Here, the market settlement information includes purchase settlement amount, sales settlement amount, electricity purchase cost, electricity sales cost, etc. of P2P power transaction participants.

5 is a block diagram of a P2P power transaction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

5, the P2P power transaction system 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a transaction participant information collection unit 210, an optimal operation plan model unit 220, a P2P power transaction clearing unit 230, and P2P. A power transaction calculation unit 240, a P2P power transaction information providing unit 250, and a database 260 may be included. The components shown in FIG. 5 are not essential in implementing the P2P power trading system, and thus, the P2P power trading system described in the present specification may have more or fewer components than those listed above.

The transaction participant information collection unit 210 is predicted from the intelligent electronic device (IED) of electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P electricity trading market before a predetermined time from the start of P2P electricity trading on the power trading day (or electricity trading period). And collect technical information.

That is, the transaction participant information collection unit 210 may collect predicted information on the amount of power demand for each time slot during the transaction day from the intelligent electronic device (IED) of electricity consumers participating in the P2P power transaction before the start date of the P2P power transaction. In addition, the transaction participant information collection unit 210 determines from the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) of energy prosumers participating in the P2P power transaction prior to the commencement of the P2P power transaction, predicted information on the power demand by time slot during the transaction day, and the power generation by time slot. It is possible to collect predictive information about, controllable power generation/storage facilities market participation, and controllable power generation/storage facilities technology information (eg, capacity and efficiency information such as PV/PCS/ESS, etc.).

The optimal operation plan model unit 220 establishes (implementation) an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day based on the prediction information and technical information of the trading participants collected through the transaction participant information collection unit 210. )can do. In this case, the optimal operation plan model unit 220 may design an optimal operation plan model based on a mixed water purification plan (MIP).

As shown in Equation 1 above, the optimal operation plan model unit 220 uses the objective function (F) of the optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day, and the electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market. It can be set as a function that minimizes the total cost of power supply (that is, the sum of the cost of purchasing power from the power company and the cost of operating its own generation facility).

When implementing the optimal operation plan model, the optimal operation plan model unit 220 can consider the technical characteristics of controllable power generation and storage facilities, as well as maintaining the balance of power supply and demand for each participant in time by setting various constraints. have. Here, as the constraints, there are a P2P power transaction balance constraint by time slot, a power supply/demand balance constraint by trading participants by time slot, energy prosumer market participation constraint by time slot, maximum receiving capacity constraint, generator operation constraint, ESS operation constraint, and the like.

The P2P power transaction clearing unit 230 may liquidate the P2P power transaction market for the corresponding power transaction day by time using the optimal operation plan model implemented through the optimal operation plan model unit 220. In other words, the P2P power transaction clearing unit 230 detects the occurrence of surplus power by time slot during the power transaction day based on the optimal operation plan model for the P2P power transaction market, and detects the occurrence of surplus power by time slot. It is possible to determine whether the P2P power trading market is liquidated.

The P2P power transaction clearing unit 230 may determine a P2P power transaction price for each time slot based on whether the P2P power transaction market is liquidated by time slot during the power transaction day. At this time, the P2P power transaction clearing unit 230, as shown in Equation 11, determines the lowest rate among participants who purchased power in the P2P power trading market by time slot of the power trading day, and the determined rate unit price The P2P electricity transaction price for each time period can be determined by subtracting the transmission usage fee at.

When liquidation of the P2P power trading market is completed, the P2P power transaction clearing unit 230 may store information (ie, market liquidation information) according to the liquidation result of the corresponding power trading market in the database 260.

As an example, the P2P power transaction clearing unit 230 includes the estimated power supply cost on the power transaction day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the power company on the power transaction day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the P2P power transaction market on the power transaction day, and the power transaction day by time. Market liquidation information including market prices for P2P power transactions and the like may be stored in the database 260.

In addition, the P2P power transaction clearing unit 230 includes the estimated power supply cost on the power transaction day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the power company on the power transaction day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the power transaction day P2P power transaction market, and the P2P power transaction day by time slot. Power sales plan amount for the power trading market, power plan amount of each generator by time slot on power trading day, discharge plan amount of each ESS by time slot on power trading day, charge plan amount of each ESS by time slot on power trading day, power trading day, storage plan amount of each ESS by time slot, power Market liquidation information including market prices for P2P power transactions for each transaction day and time slot may be stored in the database 260.

The P2P power transaction calculation unit 240 may calculate the P2P power transaction amount of electricity consumers and energy prosumers according to a predetermined settlement standard when the actual P2P power transaction is completed. Here, the purchase settlement amount of the electricity consumer may be determined based on a value adjusted by a ratio of the total sales settlement amount and the total sales plan amount for a corresponding time period based on the purchase plan amount determined through the optimal operation plan model of the P2P power trading market. In addition, the sales settlement amount of the energy prosumer may be determined based on the smaller of the sales plan amount determined through the optimal operation plan model of the P2P power trading market and the amount of surplus power actually produced by the corresponding transaction participant.

The P2P power transaction settlement unit 240 may calculate the power purchase cost and the power sales cost of the corresponding participants based on the purchase settlement amount and sales settlement amount of the P2P power transaction participants. In this case, the P2P power transaction settlement unit 240 may settle based on the P2P power transaction price determined through the optimal operation plan model of the P2P power transaction market.

The P2P power transaction settlement unit 240 may store information (ie, market settlement information) in the database 260 upon completion of settlement of the P2P power trading market. Here, the market settlement information includes purchase settlement amount, sales settlement amount, electricity purchase cost, electricity sales cost, etc. of P2P power transaction participants.

The P2P power transaction information providing unit 250 may provide market liquidation information stored in the database 260 to electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the power transaction market upon completion of the liquidation of the P2P power transaction market.

The P2P power transaction information providing unit 250 may provide market settlement information stored in the database 260 to electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the power trading market upon completion of settlement of the P2P power trading market.

The database 260 stores data supporting various functions of the P2P power trading system 200. The database 260 may store an application program (application) running in the P2P power trading system 200, data for the operation of the P2P power trading system 200, and instructions.

In this embodiment, the database 260 may store and manage predicted and technical information collected from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market. In addition, the database 260 may store and manage information related to the result of clearing the P2P power trading market (ie, market clearing information) according to the optimal operation plan model. In addition, the database 260 may store and manage information (ie, market settlement information) related to a result of settlement of the P2P power trading market according to the optimal operation plan model.

As described above, the P2P power transaction system according to the present invention establishes an optimal operation plan model for P2P power transaction during the power transaction day using prediction and technical information collected from P2P power transaction participants, and the optimal operation. By sharing the result of clearing the P2P power trading market on the trading day based on the planning model in advance with all power trading participants, it is possible to support the strategic decision-making of P2P power trading by electricity consumers and energy prosumers and accordingly You can activate the market.

The above-described present invention can be implemented as a computer-readable code on a medium on which a program is recorded. The computer-readable medium includes all types of recording devices storing data that can be read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable media include HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Disk), SDD (Silicon Disk Drive), ROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, etc. There is this. Therefore, the detailed description above should not be construed as restrictive in all respects and should be considered as illustrative. The scope of the present invention should be determined by reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

200: P2P power transaction system 210: Transaction participant information collection unit
220: Optimal operation plan model unit 230: P2P power transaction liquidation unit
240: P2P power transaction settlement unit 250: P2P power transaction information provider
260: database

Claims (11)

Collecting predicted information and technical information for a power trading day from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market before starting a peer to peer (P2P) power transaction;
Designing an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day based on predicted information and technology information collected from the electricity consumer and energy prosumers; And
P2P power trading mechanism design method comprising the step of clearing the P2P power trading market for the corresponding power trading day by time using the optimal operation plan model and sharing information according to the liquidation result with the electricity consumers and energy prosumers . The method of claim 1, wherein the collecting step,
A method of designing a P2P power transaction mechanism, comprising collecting predicted information on the amount of power demand for each time slot during a corresponding power transaction day from the electricity consumers. The method of claim 1, wherein the collecting step,
From the above energy prosumers, forecast information on power demand by time slot during the power transaction day, prediction information on power generation by time slot, information on whether or not controllable power generation/storage facilities participate in the market, and technology of controllable power generation/storage facilities A method of designing a P2P power transaction mechanism, comprising collecting at least one of information. The method of claim 1,
The objective function of the optimal operation plan model is a function of minimizing the total power supply cost of electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power trading market during the power trading day. The method of claim 1, wherein the designing step,
A method of designing a P2P power transaction mechanism, characterized in that the optimal operation plan model is designed based on a mixed integer programming (MIP). The method of claim 1, wherein the sharing step,
Detecting whether or not excess power is generated for each time slot during the power trading day based on the optimal operation plan model, and determining whether to liquidate the P2P power trading market for each time slot according to the occurrence of excess power for each time slot; And
And determining a P2P power transaction price for each time slot based on whether the P2P power transaction market for each time slot is liquidated. The method of claim 6,
The P2P electricity transaction price for each time slot is characterized by determining the lowest rate among participants who purchase electricity in the P2P electricity trading market for each time period, and a price obtained by subtracting the transmission usage fee from the determined rate unit. How to design a P2P power transaction mechanism. The method of claim 1,
The information according to the liquidation result includes at least one of the estimated power supply cost on the power transaction day, the power purchase plan amount by time from the power company, the power purchase plan amount by time from the P2P power trading market, and the P2P power transaction price by time. P2P power trading mechanism design method, characterized in that. The method of claim 1,
When the actual P2P power transaction is completed, the P2P power transaction mechanism design method further comprising the step of calculating the P2P power transaction amount of the electricity consumer and energy prosumers according to a predetermined settlement standard. A computer program stored in a computer-readable recording medium such that the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is performed on a computer. A transaction participant information collection unit that collects predictive information and technical information for a power transaction day from electricity consumers and energy prosumers participating in the P2P power transaction market before the start of peer to peer (P2P) power transaction;
An optimal operation plan model unit for establishing an optimal operation plan model for the P2P power trading market during the power trading day based on the prediction information and technology information collected through the transaction participant information collection unit;
A P2P power transaction clearing unit that clears the P2P power transaction market for a corresponding power transaction day by time using the optimal operation plan model established through the optimal operation plan model unit; And
A P2P power transaction system comprising a P2P power transaction information providing unit that shares information according to a result of liquidating the P2P power transaction market by time slot to the electricity consumers and energy prosumers.

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