KR20170017580A - The method of decompostioning contact force and the haptic apparatus thereof - Google Patents
The method of decompostioning contact force and the haptic apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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- KR20170017580A KR20170017580A KR1020150111722A KR20150111722A KR20170017580A KR 20170017580 A KR20170017580 A KR 20170017580A KR 1020150111722 A KR1020150111722 A KR 1020150111722A KR 20150111722 A KR20150111722 A KR 20150111722A KR 20170017580 A KR20170017580 A KR 20170017580A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
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Abstract
Description
The present invention relates to a method of disassembling a contact force and a haptic device using the same and more particularly to a method of disassembling a contact force between a finger or an end effector contacting an object with a normal force and a shear force, Lt; / RTI >
Haptic Augmented Reality is a technology that changes the feel of a real object that a user feels by using a haptic device. There are stiffness, texture, weight, and friction in the texture of objects that can be converted into haptic Augmented Reality.
In order to change the stiffness, it is necessary to know both the deformation and the contact force of the point where the current contact occurs, and such deformation is indirectly estimated through the contact force because it is difficult to directly measure it unless it is a well-controlled environment. A related haptic device is disclosed in Korean Patent No. 1021595.
On the other hand, all objects are deformed in the vertical direction and the shear direction, and are affected by different physical properties such as Young's modulus and shear modulus. In addition, even in the case of contact at the same point, the normal force and the shearing force should be measured at the contact point, because the direction of the vertical force and the shearing force may vary depending on the boundary condition given to the object and external force generated at other contact points.
However, the existing haptic device can only measure the resultant force due to the repulsive force of the object, so that when the object is deformed, it is difficult to measure it and it can not be disassembled correctly, so that the force is inaccurate.
The present invention relates to a method of resolving a contact force which resolves a problem that an inaccurate reaction force is measured because a normal force and a shearing force can not be measured according to a shape changed by an external force at a contact surface with an object in a conventional haptic device and a haptic device It has its purpose.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of resolving a contact force when an external force is transmitted to a target object, the contact force acting on a contact surface between the target object and the external force acting portion A contact force measuring step, a contact force measuring step of measuring a contact force acting on the external force acting part by the target object, a step of determining a normal force which is a normal direction force of the contact surface from the contact pressure, A method of disassembling a contact force comprising calculating a shear force that is force is provided.
Wherein determining the normal force determines a normal force vector including components for at least two directions of the Cartesian coordinate system and calculating the shear force may be configured to calculate a shear force vector for at least two directions corresponding to the normal force vector .
Further, in the contact pressure measurement step, the contact pressure can be measured by the sensor portion provided on the contact surface of the external force acting portion or the contact surface of the target object.
Further, the sensor unit is configured to include a plurality of sensors so as to measure the pressure at the plurality of contact points, and the step of measuring the contact pressure and the step of determining the normal force are configured to measure and determine the contact pressure and the normal force, respectively, .
On the other hand, the step of determining the normal force can be determined by the sum of the respective vertical forces measured from the plurality of sensors, and the vertical force can be determined based on the geometric information in which the sensor unit is disposed.
The external force acting portion may include an operating portion configured to allow a user to perform an operation, or a wearing portion configured to be able to be operated by a wearer.
A sensor unit configured to measure a contact pressure acting on the contact surface and a contact force acting on the external force acting portion when the object and the external force acting unit are in contact with each other according to the present invention, And a calculation unit for calculating a shear force, which is a force in a plane direction of the contact surface, based on a normal force and a normal force, which are normal forces of the contact surface from the contact pressure and a contact force, and a haptic device.
Here, the sensor unit may be configured to include a pressure sensor for measuring a contact pressure of the external force acting portion and a force sensor configured to measure a contact force acting by the target object.
And the pressure sensor may be provided on the outer surface of the external force acting portion.
Further, the external force applying portion includes a wear portion configured to be wearable on the finger, and the pressure sensor can be disposed on the external surface of the wear portion.
The haptic device further includes a position sensor configured to measure a rotation angle of the external force acting portion, and the operation portion is configured to correct the normal or tangential direction of the contact surface in accordance with the rotation of the external force acting portion .
Further, the pressure sensor may be constituted by a plurality of tactile sensors so that the contact pressure can be measured at a plurality of points on the outer surface of the wearer, respectively.
On the other hand, the calculation unit may be configured to calculate the vertical force using the geometric information according to the arrangement positions of the plurality of sensors disposed on the wearer's foot, and to calculate the shear force by summing the respective vertical forces.
And the external force acting portion may be configured as an end effector of the robot.
Since the method of disassembling the contact force according to the present invention and the haptic device using the same can determine the normal force and shear force by measuring the contact pressure at the contact surface, it is possible to accurately estimate the deformation of the object, There is an effect that can be implemented.
In addition, since it is possible to measure at a plurality of points, it can be expanded to a haptic augmented reality system that handles a plurality of contact points, and is applicable to complex shapes.
1 is a conceptual diagram of a method for disassembling a contact force according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method of disassembling contact forces.
3 is a diagram showing a concept of a step of determining a normal force.
Fig. 4 is a simulation result of applying the method of disassembling contact force.
5 is a graph showing contact forces and friction coefficients measured during the simulation of Fig.
6 is a view showing another embodiment of a method for disassembling the contact force according to the present invention.
7 is a perspective view of a haptic device to which a method of disassembling a contact force according to the present invention is applied.
Hereinafter, a method of disassembling a contact force according to an embodiment of the present invention and a haptic device using the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description of the embodiments, the names of the respective components may be referred to as other names in the art. However, if there is a functional similarity and an equivalence thereof, the modified structure can be regarded as an equivalent structure. In addition, reference numerals added to respective components are described for convenience of explanation. However, the contents of the drawings in the drawings in which these symbols are described do not limit the respective components to the ranges within the drawings. Likewise, even if the embodiment in which the structure on the drawing is partially modified is employed, it can be regarded as an equivalent structure if there is functional similarity and uniformity. Further, in view of the level of ordinary skill in the art, if it is recognized as a component to be included, a description thereof will be omitted.
1 is a conceptual diagram of a method for disassembling a contact force according to the present invention. Fig. 1 shows a state in which the external
As shown in the drawing, a method of disassembling the contact force according to the present invention provides a method of disassembling the contact force into a normal force Fd and a horizontal force component. At this time, the normal force Fd, which is the force in the normal direction of the contact surface, is calculated from the contact pressure p measured from the
In application to a haptic augmented reality, a reaction force is generated and deformed when an external force acts on the target object m. At this time, it is possible to accurately estimate the deformation of the target object m by decomposing the force by the shearing force and the normal force at the contact surface on which the external force acts. Therefore, it is possible to accurately implement the stiffness of the object in the haptic augmented reality, and the reality is maximized for the user.
Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method of disassembling contact forces.
As shown in the figure, the method of disassembling the contact force includes a contact pressure measuring step S100, a contact force measuring step S200, a normal force determining step S300, and a shear force calculating step S400 .
The contact pressure measuring step S100 is a step of measuring the contact pressure p acting on the contact surface A between the target object m and the external
The contact force measuring step S200 is a step of measuring a force applied to the external
The step of determining the vertical force S300 calculates the normal force Fd which is the normal force of the contact surface A from the contact pressure p measured from the
The step S400 of calculating the shear force is a step of calculating the shear force Ff by the difference between the normal force Fd calculated in the step S300 of determining the contact force F and the normal force Fd measured in the contact force measuring step S200, . The shearing force Ff is a force in a direction parallel to the contact surface A and refers to a force in a direction orthogonal to the normal force Fd. Further, the shearing force Ff can be a frictional force when the target object m is deformed by the contact.
3 is a diagram showing a concept of a step S300 of determining a normal force Fd.
As shown in the figure, the target object m in contact with the external
In the contact pressure measuring step S100, the contact pressure p acting on the minute contact surface dA is measured. In step S300 of determining the normal force Fd, the normal vector information of the micro contact surface dA is used, and the direction of the normal vector is the direction of the normal force Fd as described above. When the magnitude of the normal force Fd is calculated by using the relationship between the contact pressure p and the micro contact surface dA, the magnitude and direction of the normal force Fd are determined. The sum of the normal force Fd is finally obtained by integrating or summing the normal force Fd acting on the micro contact surface dA with respect to the contact surface A of the external
On the other hand, the direction of the normal force Fd can be determined by including the components for at least two directions of the orthogonal coordinate system, i.e., the x component and the y component.
However, although the two-dimensional view is taken as an example in the drawing, it can be extended to three-dimensional view using the same principle.
Hereinafter, a step S300 of determining the normal force Fd and a step S400 of calculating the shear force Ff will be described in detail.
The sum of the contact forces acting on the contact surface A of the external
As shown in the above equation, the sum of the micro contact forces f (A) acting on the micro contact surface dA becomes the contact force.
The micro contact force f (A) can be decomposed as follows by the normal force Fd in the normal direction of the micro contact surface dA and the shearing force Ff in the vertical direction force of the normal force Fd. At this time, the normal force Fd is a main force that deforms the shape of the target object m in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface, and the shearing force Ff becomes a frictional force.
The total sum of the normal force Fd of the contact surface A and the total sum of the shearing force Ff can be expressed as follows.
At this time, the direction of the micro contact pressure pc (A) acting on the micro contact surface dA is opposite to the normal vector of the contact surface A,
. Therefore, the summation of the normal force Fd can be expressed as follows.
here
Refers to the gradient of the contact surface (A).The total sum of the vertical forces Fd and the total shearing force Ff is the contact force F acting on the external
The relationship between the contact force (F), the normal force (Fd) and the shearing force (Ff) can be expressed as follows.
Fig. 4 is a simulation result of applying the method of disassembling contact force.
When the target object m and the external
FIG. 5 (a) is a graph showing various contact forces varying during execution of a simulation, and FIG. 5 (b) is a graph showing a friction coefficient calculated according to a contact force.
As shown in the figure, when the shearing force Ff is estimated by using the conventional method and the method of decomposing the contact force according to the present invention is used (green), the static friction coefficient is more accurately calculated .
Referring to FIG. 5 (b), the conventional method calculates the shear force Ff only by the resultant force, which causes a large error in the calculated shear force Ff (Burgundy). As described above, the static friction coefficient of the target object m set as the condition of simulation is 1, and the static friction coefficient calculated from the value obtained by dividing the contact force according to the present invention and obtaining the shearing force Ff converges to 1 . Thus, even if the target object m is deformed into various shapes according to various contact forces applied to the target object m, the normal force Fd and the shearing force Ff can be decomposed.
6 is a view showing another embodiment of a method for disassembling the contact force according to the present invention.
As shown in the drawing, the contact pressure measuring step S100 may be performed using a sensor unit including a plurality of sensors. 6 (a) shows a section of the external
On the other hand, when a plurality of
Hereinafter, a step S300 of determining the vertical force Fd using the geometric information and a step S400 of calculating the shear force in the case where the plurality of
Which is a gradient of the contact surface (A) and the contact surface (A)
Can be expressed as follows in the Cartesian coordinate system.
here
And If , , So the above two expressions can be expressed as follows.
Meanwhile,
, And when R is a constant, the normal force (Fd) can be expressed as follows.
6 (a), when the plurality of
Here, n is the number of the
The shear force Ff can be calculated by the difference between the contact force F and the vertical force Fd as follows.
Thus, when the method of disassembling the contact force is applied to the simulation, a result that the force can be more accurately decomposed is obtained.
7 is a perspective view of a haptic device to which a method of disassembling a contact force according to the present invention is applied.
As shown in the figure, the haptic device according to the present invention may include a
The
The external
The sensor unit is configured to measure the contact pressure p of the external
The sensor unit may be configured to include a
The
The calculating
The
Since the external
The calculating
As described above, the method of disassembling the contact force according to the present invention and the haptic device using the same can measure the vertical force Fd at the contact surface A and calculate the shear force Ff in the horizontal direction from the contact force A Accurate force measurement is possible. Therefore, the augmented reality can be realized more accurately, and since it can be measured at a plurality of points, the system can be expanded to a system for handling a plurality of systems, and the effect can be applied to complex shapes.
While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, . Therefore, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.
S100: contact pressure measuring step
S200: contact force measurement step
S300: Step of determining vertical force
S400: Step of calculating shear force
m: Target object
p: contact pressure
Fd: vertical force
Ff: shear force
F: contact force
A: contact surface
dA: Micro contact surface
pc (A): Micro contact pressure
10: body portion 20: external force acting portion
21: Wear section 22: End effector
31: pressure sensor 32: force sensor
33: position sensor 40:
Claims (16)
A contact pressure measuring step of measuring a contact pressure acting on a contact surface between the target object and the external force acting portion;
A contact force measuring step of measuring a contact force acting on the external force acting portion by the target object;
Determining a normal force which is a normal force of the contact surface from the contact pressure; And
Calculating a shear force that is a force in a plane direction of the contact surface based on the normal force and the contact force.
Wherein the determining the vertical force determines a normal force vector including a component for at least two directions of the Cartesian coordinate system,
Wherein calculating the shear force calculates a shear force vector for at least two directions corresponding to the normal force vector.
The contact pressure measuring step
Wherein the contact pressure is measured by a sensor portion provided on a contact surface of the external force acting portion or a contact surface of the target object.
The sensor unit includes:
And a plurality of sensors for measuring pressure at a plurality of contact points,
Wherein the step of measuring the contact pressure and the step of determining the normal force each measure and determine the contact pressure and the normal force respectively at the plurality of sensors.
Wherein determining the normal force is determined by a sum of respective normal forces measured from the plurality of sensors.
Wherein the determining the vertical force comprises:
And the sensor unit determines the vertical force based on the geometry information.
Wherein the external force acting portion comprises an operating portion configured to allow a user to operate the device or a wear portion configured to be able to be operated by the wearer.
A sensor portion configured to measure a contact pressure acting on the contact surface when the target object and the external force acting portion are in contact with each other and a contact force acting on the external force acting portion; And
And a calculating unit for calculating a normal force which is a normal force of the contact surface from the contact pressure and a shear force which is a force in a plane direction of the contact surface based on the normal force and the contact force.
The sensor unit includes:
A pressure sensor for measuring a contact pressure of the external force acting portion; And
And a force sensor configured to measure a contact force acting by the target object.
And the pressure sensor is provided on an outer surface of the external force acting portion.
Wherein the external force acting portion includes a wear portion configured to be wearable on a finger, and the pressure sensor is disposed on an outer surface of the wear portion.
Wherein the pressure sensor is configured to be capable of measuring the contact pressure at a plurality of points on the outer surface of the wearer.
Wherein the calculation unit is configured to calculate each of the vertical forces using the geometric information according to the arrangement positions of the plurality of sensors disposed on the wearer and calculate the shear force by summing the respective vertical forces.
The external force acting portion is configured to be rotatable,
Wherein the haptic device further comprises a position sensor configured to measure a rotation angle of the external force acting portion,
Wherein the calculation unit is configured to correct the normal direction or tangential direction of the contact surface in accordance with the rotation of the external force acting unit.
Wherein the pressure sensor comprises a tactile sensor.
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05113376A (en) * | 1991-10-21 | 1993-05-07 | Toshiba Corp | Tip contact force detection device for robot |
JP2003015810A (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-17 | Tadatoshi Goto | Glove-shaped input device |
JP2006021287A (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-26 | Univ Waseda | Device for detecting contact force of robot |
JP2006297542A (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Slip detection device on finger surface of robot hand |
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2015
- 2015-08-07 KR KR1020150111722A patent/KR101726733B1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05113376A (en) * | 1991-10-21 | 1993-05-07 | Toshiba Corp | Tip contact force detection device for robot |
JP2003015810A (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-17 | Tadatoshi Goto | Glove-shaped input device |
JP2006021287A (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-01-26 | Univ Waseda | Device for detecting contact force of robot |
JP2006297542A (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Slip detection device on finger surface of robot hand |
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