KR20170014687A - Stereoscopic Image Display Device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device capable of making slim a stereoscopic image display device and securing an optical viewing distance more than a predetermined value with uniform luminance at the same time. The stereoscopic image display device includes a lower surface barrier which is disposed on the lower surface of an image panel and has opening parts in different positions, with regard to each sub-pixel on a horizontal line, and a parallax part having a lens pitch in cycles corresponding to the opening parts for the sub-pixels on the horizontal line, in the upper side of the image panel.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a stereoscopic image display device,

The present invention relates to a display device, and more particularly, to a stereoscopic image display device capable of achieving slimness of a stereoscopic image display device and at the same time ensuring an optical viewing distance of a certain level or more with uniform luminance without 3D crosstalk.

The stereoscopic display apparatus can be divided into a glasses system and a non-glasses system depending on the presence or absence of glasses.

The eyeglass method is a method in which the left and right images are spatially separated or displayed, or the left and right images are divided and displayed in a time-division manner. In this glasses system, there is an inconvenience that viewers have to wear glasses when viewing 3D (3-dimension) images, and a stereoscopic image display apparatus of the non-glasses type is considered as an alternative.

In the non-eyeglass mode, an optical device capable of causing a parallax between a left eye image and a right eye image is installed in front of a display screen to implement a 3D image. For example, there are lenticular lenses and parallax barriers as optical elements of this function.

The parallax barrier arranges the vertical slits for transmitting or blocking the light at regular intervals and separates the left and right images through the slit to realize a stereoscopic image.

In addition, the lenticular lens has a bendable lenticular array type lens attached on a display panel so that left and right images are separated by allowing the left and right eyes to see pixels different from each other, thereby realizing a stereoscopic image.

The parallax barrier and the lenticular lens have a parallax separation function for separating images coming into both eyes. It is also referred to as a parallax portion, paying attention to the parallax separation function of these optical elements.

A conventional stereoscopic image display device realizes a stereoscopic image according to parallax separation by arranging a parallax part on a video panel and an upper part thereof.

On the other hand, the stereoscopic image can be viewed by a viewer only when both sides of the viewer of the left eye image and the right eye image separated from the parallax portion are corresponded. Generally, the binocular interval is 65 mm, and a viewing zone is formed at a point where the left and right images in the parallax portion correspond to the binocular interval, and the viewing area is spaced from the viewing viewing distance (OVD: Optical Viewing Distance).

However, in the conventional stereoscopic image display apparatus, the optical viewing distance is generally determined by the pitch of the unit lens of the parallax portion or the unit slit of the specific period. However, Do.

Therefore, in order to increase the optical viewing distance, a separate gap glass is provided before or after the parallax portion. In this case, however, the thickness of the stereoscopic image display device is increased, .

It is an object of the present invention to provide a stereoscopic image display device capable of achieving slimming of a stereoscopic image display device and at the same time securing an optical viewing distance over a certain level with uniform luminance without 3D crosstalk, It has its purpose.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a stereoscopic image display apparatus including a display panel having a plurality of subpixels in a matrix form, a display panel disposed on a lower surface of the display panel, And a parallax portion having a barrier rib at another position and a lens region located above the image panel and having a lens pitch corresponding to the period of the opening for the subpixel of the horizontal line.

Here, in order to reduce the difference in brightness deviation between regions, the period of the opening portion with respect to the subpixels of each horizontal line of the barrier is preferably different from the pitch of the subpixel.

In addition, the image panel may have a black matrix layer at the boundary of the subpixels. In this case, in adjacent subpixels of the subpixels of the horizontal line, the overlap area between the black matrix layer and the opening is different, whereby the opening corresponds to another position with respect to adjacent subpixels of the horizontal line, The openings of the same view are not shifted to a specific area of the subpixels, but are dispersed, thereby reducing the luminance deviation.

It is also preferable that the lens is inclined with respect to the sub-pixels of the horizontal line at the same slope as the opening.

The barrier layer may have a plurality of light-shielding patterns having different refractive indexes from each other in the region excluding the opening. In this case, a plurality of layers of the light-shielding pattern may include a material layer for destroying light reflected from the black matrix toward the light-shielding pattern side. The light-shielding pattern may include a first light-shielding metal layer having a first refractive index, a transparent metal layer having a second refractive index on the first light-shielding metal layer, and a second light-shielding metal layer having the first refractive index on the transparent metal layer.

The stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention has the following effects.

First, a bottom barrier having an opening is provided on the lower side of the image panel, so that light corresponding to a part of the image at different viewpoints transmitted to the image panel is emitted to the parallax part above the image panel. Particularly, it is possible to form a barrier by patterning only on the lower side of the image panel without providing a separate glass, thereby keeping the apparatus slim and reducing the optical pitch, thereby increasing the optical viewing distance.

Secondly, the image panel includes a black matrix layer that defines a pixel region by itself, and when the black matrix layer of the light shielding layer overlaps the opening region of the barrier, the amount of transmitted light is reduced. Particularly, when the subpixel pitch of the image panel and the opening period of the lower barrier are made the same, the degree of overlap between the opening portion of the lower barrier and the black matrix layer in a specific horizontal line is significant, and the luminance variation between the horizontal lines is significant. In the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention, when the openings of the bottom barrier are arranged with respect to the subpixels of the horizontal line of the same view, the positions of the openings of the barriers correspond to different positions with respect to the respective subpixels, It is possible to prevent a black band phenomenon that is caused by concentrated portions having a large overlapping area.

Thirdly, in the stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention, when the view is changed in the vertical direction, the view corresponding to the pixel region of the subpixel is different from the opening of the barrier when the view is on the other horizontal lines, The apertures can correspond to the positions of the subpixels of the horizontal lines without any fixed correspondence between the openings and the specific positions of the pixel regions, and as a result, the apertures per view can be entirely corresponded to the pixel regions, The irregularity can be removed.

Fourthly, it is possible to secure a proper viewing distance in the period of the changed opening by changing the pitch of the subpixel and the period of each opening portion of the lower barrier. For example, by increasing the period of each opening of the lower barrier than the pitch of the subpixel, the optical viewing distance can be reduced. If the period of each opening of the lower barrier is made smaller than the pitch of the subpixels, have.

Fifth, the material of the shielding pattern of the lower barrier is provided as a laminate having a plurality of layers of different refractive indexes, including a material layer capable of extinction interference, so that light incident from the lower side is reflected by the black matrix layer, So that the 3D crosstalk can be prevented.

1 is a schematic view showing a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention.
FIGS. 2A to 2C are plan views showing a video panel, a bottom barrier, and a parallax part according to a comparative example.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are plan views illustrating the relationship between a video panel, a bottom barrier, and a parallax portion in the stereoscopic image display device according to the present invention. FIG.
4A to 4C are plan views showing openings of the bottom barrier of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention in various forms.
5 is a plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention.
6A and 6B are plan views respectively showing the image panel and the bottom barrier of FIG. 5;
7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line I-I 'in Fig. 5;
8A and 8B are graphs showing luminance deviations of the stereoscopic image display apparatus according to Comparative Examples and the present invention.
9 is a sectional view showing a modification of the parallax portion of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.
10 is a sectional view showing a modified example of a bottom barrier of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals throughout the specification denote substantially identical components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the following description, a detailed description of known technologies or configurations related to the present invention will be omitted when it is determined that the gist of the present invention may be unnecessarily obscured. The component names used in the following description are selected in consideration of easiness of specification, and may be different from the parts names of actual products.

1 is a schematic view showing a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention.

1, a stereoscopic image display apparatus according to the present invention includes a video panel 200 having a plurality of subpixels in a matrix form and displaying an image, a plurality of viewpoints (viewpoints) positioned above the video panel 200, And a bottom barrier 300 disposed on a lower surface of the image panel to open only a part of the sub-pixels.

In the meantime, the light source unit 100 shown in the drawing transmits light upward from a light source arranged on a side or a lower side, and includes a light source and a plurality of optical sheets. The light source unit 100 may be omitted depending on the type of the image panel 200. For example, when the image panel 200 is a self-luminous element such as an organic light emitting display panel or an electrophoretic display panel, the light source unit 100 may be omitted, and the image panel 200 may be a liquid crystal display panel And a light source unit 100 in the case of a light receiving type device.

The light source used in the light source unit 100 may be a fluorescent lamp array, a light emitting diode (LED) array, a laser light source array, or the like. In order to induce surface emission from the lower side to the image panel 200, And a plurality of optical sheets such as sheets.

In addition, the barrier 300 has regularly arranged openings, which open only a part of the sub-pixels of the image panel to reduce the optical pitch of the image panel 200 in a predetermined view , It is possible to increase the optical viewing distance of the stereoscopic image display device due to the characteristic of OVD (optical viewing distance) inversely proportional to the optical pitch. Here, the barrier 300 allows the light corresponding to a part of images of different views transmitted to the image panel 200 to be emitted to the parallax part on the upper side of the image panel.

Unlike the gap glass having a thickness of about 5 mm or more in the conventional three-dimensional image display device of the barrier 300, the light shielding pattern can be patterned on the lower surface of the image panel 200, The thickness of the image panel 200 and the parallax part 400 is not influenced by the thickness of the image panel 200 and the parallax part 400, respectively. Accordingly, a stereoscopic image display device having a parallax portion and a backside barrier on the top and bottom surfaces of the image panel, respectively, and maintaining a slimened state, thereby increasing the optical viewing distance can be realized.

For example, the parallax part 400 is a lenticular lens array, and lenses having a long and constant pitch P _L in the longitudinal direction are regularly arranged. The lenticular lens array may be a lens having a constant curvature, or may be a switchable lens array in which a change in refractive index is controlled by on / off by a voltage. In the case of a switchable lens array, the stereoscopic image display apparatus can selectively display 3D / 2D by turning on / off the switchable lens array. In this case, the most basic form of the switchable lens array includes first and second substrates opposed to each other, a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, a common electrode on the second substrate, And a plurality of first electrodes corresponding to a lens region corresponding to a pitch.

In the case of 3D display, the switchable lens array applies the highest voltage to the first electrode located at the center of the lens region and applies a gradually lowering voltage toward the center of the lens region, And is driven by applying the lowest voltage among the voltages applied to the electrodes. At this time, the refractive index is the smallest at the center of the lens region and the refractive index gradually increases as the distance from the center increases. Thus, the optical refractive index difference such as the lenticular lens is obtained, and the image from the image panel 200 is separated according to the viewpoint.

Also, in the case of a 2D display, the switchable lens array functions as a transparent film so as to eliminate the refractive index difference between the first electrodes and the common electrode, so that the image of the lower image panel is output as it is.

The image panel 200 may be classified into a transmission type image panel and a light receiving type image panel, and is applicable to both. 1, a light source unit 100 is provided. In this case, it is assumed that a light receiving type image panel is used. However, the light source unit 100 may be omitted and a bottom barrier 300, a video panel 200, The stereoscopic image display device can be realized only in the order of the rack part 400.

The image panel 200 may be, for example, a liquid crystal panel, an electrophoretic panel, a quantum dot display panel, or an organic light emitting display panel. For example, in the case of a liquid crystal panel, the image panel 200 includes a lower plate and an upper plate, A liquid crystal layer, a thin film transistor array on the lower plate side, and a color filter array on the upper plate side.

Unexplained reference numerals 251 and 252 denote a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate positioned above and below the image panel 200, respectively. The first and second polarizing plates 251 and 252 have transmission axes that intersect with each other. When the image panel 200 is a liquid crystal panel, the first and second polarizers 251 and 252 are arranged in a state in which the arrangement of the liquid crystal on the lower plate and the upper plate is twisted in an initial state of no voltage, And is provided for controlling the transmission of light. The first and second polarizing plates 251 and 252 may be omitted from one side or both sides depending on the type of the image panel.

On the other hand, the inventors of the present invention propose a structure in which the brightness deviation is minimized by conducting experiments on the relationship between the pitch of the subpixels in the image panel and the pitch of the bottom barrier in the stereoscopic image display device.

First, a comparative example in which the aperture period of the lower surface barrier is made the same as that of the image panel will be described.

2A to 2C are plan views showing a video panel, a bottom barrier and a parallax part according to a comparative example.

2A to 2C, the stereoscopic image display device according to the comparative example can be roughly divided into an image panel 20, a bottom barrier 30, and a parallax part 40 by an optical function.

In the comparative example, four views are shown. The same view is displayed for subpixels of the same horizontal lines, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 views are displayed sequentially in the vertical direction. Each view may be presented with image information to each subpixel of the image panel 20.

2A, in the image panel 20, the subpixels SP are divided by the gate lines GL and the data lines DL intersecting with each other, and the subpixels SP are formed at intersections of the gate lines GL and the data lines DL A thin film transistor (not shown) and a small pixel electrode (not shown) connected to the thin film transistor are provided in the sub pixel. In addition, a gate line GL, a data line DL, and a black matrix layer BM covering the thin film transistor are further formed at the boundary of the subpixels. In general, the width of the black matrix layer (BM) is sufficiently larger than the width of the gate line (GL) and the data line (DL) to cover the wirings and element formation portions.

The subpixels SP have a constant lateral pitch P _SP and are arranged in a matrix.

The period P _B of the openings S 1, S 2, S 3 and S 4 of the bottom barrier 30 is equal to the pitch P _SP of the sub pixels of the video panel 20 of FIG. The first opening S1 corresponds to the same position on the left boundary of each subpixel and the second opening S1 corresponds to the second opening S1 in the horizontal direction, To the start point of the next first opening S1 corresponds to the period P _B. The periods P _B of the respective openings are the same. Here, in the vertical column direction, the positions of the first through fourth openings S 1, S 2, S 3, and S 4 are different from each other, When the light is supplied, the light is spatially separated so that only a part of light is emitted to the parallax portion 40. As described above, the barrier 30 has the effect of reducing the optical pitch of the image panel, such as the gap glass, and the optical viewing distance can be increased in proportion to the reduced optical pitch.

Here, the barrier 30 includes the shielding pattern 31 in an area excluding the openings S1, S2, S3, and S4. The number of the views to be implemented, which is the sum of the horizontal intervals of the openings, is equal to the period of the openings of the barrier.

And, as shown in Figure 2c, it is equal to the pitch (P _L) of the parallax lens unit is negative period (P _B) and the pitch (P _SP) of the subpixel of the opening of the barrier 30 when the.

On the other hand, in the stereoscopic image display device according to this comparative example, the boundaries of the subpixels SP include gate lines and data lines intersecting with each other and have a margin larger than the width of the gate lines and the data lines A black matrix layer (BM in Fig. 2A) is further provided.

However, as shown in FIG. 2B, the first opening S1 and the fourth opening S4 always correspond to the same portion in the subpixel, and as shown, the black matrix layer and the overlapping area The second opening S2 and the third opening S3 do not overlap with the black matrix layer. For the same horizontal line, the horizontal lines with the first opening and the horizontal lines with the fourth opening are substantially obscured by the black matrix layer and the second, The horizontal lines having the third openings mostly open the subpixel region, resulting in a light amount difference between the regions. In particular, this is observed as a black band phenomenon in which an area having a large area overlapping with the black matrix layer on the display is black, and this is a major factor for the viewer to directly perceive such a black band phenomenon.

The following three-dimensional image display apparatus of the present invention proposes a structure for preventing the black band phenomenon.

3A and 3B are plan views showing the relationship between a video panel, a bottom barrier, and a parallax portion in the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

Also in the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention, the view representation is different only in the vertical direction, and the same view is displayed for the subpixels in the horizontal direction, as in the comparative example.

In the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention, the arrangement of the subpixels of the image panel 200 is arranged in a matrix like the previously described comparative example, and the boundaries of the subpixels SP cross each other A gate line and a data line are disposed, a thin film transistor (not shown) is provided at an intersection of the gate line and the data line with respect to each subpixel SP, and a pixel An electrode (not shown) is provided. Further, a black matrix layer is provided to cover the gate lines and the data lines.

When the image panel 200 is a liquid crystal panel, the electrode arrangement of the subpixels may be different according to the vertical electric field mode and the horizontal electric field mode. In the vertical field mode, a single pixel electrode is disposed on one side of the subpixel, and a common counter electrode is commonly formed on the opposite substrate side over the entire subpixel. Also, in the horizontal field mode, the subpixels are provided with alternating pixel electrodes and common electrodes.

3A and 3B, in the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention, the period P _B of the opening S of the bottom barrier 300 is different from the pitch P _SP of the sub-pixels of the image panel .

3A shows the period P _B of the opening S of the bottom surface barrier 300 to be smaller than the subpixel pitch P _SP and FIG. 3B shows the period P _B of the opening S as the subpixel pitch P _SP . (P _SP ). In this way, the openings S can correspond to different positions with respect to subpixels of the same horizontal line. Thus, if the same view is displayed on subpixels of the same horizontal line, the same view can be displayed at different positions of the subpixels of the same horizontal line, and the overlapping of the opening corresponding to the same view and the black matrix layer of the subpixel So that it can not be deviated to a specific part and can have an average value. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the luminance deviation from occurring in the same view.

3A, in the leftmost subpixel among the three subpixels, the first and second openings S are provided at the left and right boundaries, so that the superposition of the black matrix layer BM and the opening S is large, The third and fourth openings of the subpixel and the rightmost subpixel are positioned close to the center of the subpixel so that the overlapping area between the black matrix layer BM and the opening is small. In this case, the third and fourth openings have the effect of compensating the first and second openings in correspondence of the openings S at different positions from the sub-pixels SP of the horizontal line for the same view. For example, the overlap area of the first and second openings with the black matrix layer (BM) of the subpixel is 75% and 50% of each aperture, and the third and fourth openings are overlapped with the black matrix layer On average, at 15% of each of the openings, the black matrix layer of subpixels in the view results in an overlap of 38.75% for the openings, in which case the average of the remaining 61.25 And the light is transmitted in correspondence with the pixel region of the subpixel in the area of%.

As described above, in the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention, the overlapping relationship between the black matrix layer of the subpixel and the opening portion is averaged with respect to the subpixels of the respective horizontal lines, thereby preventing luminance unevenness between horizontal lines of different views.

Further, the image panel includes a black matrix layer that defines a pixel region by itself, and the amount of light transmitted when the black matrix layer of light blocking property overlaps the opening area of the bottom surface of the barrier is reduced. In particular, when the subpixel pitch of the image panel and the opening period of the lower barrier are the same, as shown in FIG. 2A, the degree of overlap between the opening portion of the lower barrier and the black matrix layer in a specific horizontal line is large, Deviation is severe. In the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention, when the openings S of the bottom barrier 300 are arranged in the same view with respect to the subpixels of the horizontal line, the positions of the apertures of the barriers correspond to different positions with respect to each subpixel, It is possible to prevent a black band phenomenon that is caused by concentrated portions where the overlap area of the black matrix layer of the subpixel and the light shielding pattern of the lower barrier is large.

Even if the openings of the same horizontal line are overlapped with different subpixels, the same view is displayed in the openings, so that the 3D crosstalk (the image of the other view) Interference phenomenon) can be prevented.

On the other hand, the light shielding pattern 310 for shielding light incident on the lower portion of the barrier 300 is not formed in the opening S of the barrier 300.

Here, the period of the opening S means a horizontal interval between the start of one opening S and the start of the next opening S with respect to the subpixel of the horizontal line. When the view to be implemented is 4 views (see FIG. 2B), different views are arranged in the vertical direction, and in the vertical direction, each opening is arranged at a position shifted by the width of each opening relative to the opening of the front- do. This is for separating the light spatially and outputting only a part of light to the parallax part 400 when another image is supplied to another view. As described above, the barrier 300 has the effect of reducing the optical pitch of the image panel, such as the gap glass, and the optical viewing distance can be increased in proportion to the reduced optical pitch. Particularly, when the period of the openings is made smaller than the pitch of the sub-pixels, the value (P _B / number of views) of the period P _B of the openings divided by the number of views is equivalent to the width of the openings. As the width of the opening increases, the optical pitch of the image panel 200 decreases, thereby further increasing the viewing distance.

 The illustrated example relates to four views, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any two or more views capable of 3D stereoscopic display are applicable.

On the other hand, the period of the barrier 300 and the lens pitch of the parallax portion 400 are substantially equal. In some cases, the lens pitch of the parallax part 400 may be made slightly smaller than the period of the lower surface barrier 300.

3B shows that the period of the bottom barrier 300 is larger than the pitch of the subpixels. In this case, the openings of all the bottom barrier 300 correspond to the portions of the subpixels at different positions. In some cases, there may be positions of subpixels where the openings do not correspond.

In this case, when the period of the opening portion is larger than the pitch of the sub-pixels, the width of the opening portion corresponding to the value (P _B / number of views) obtained by dividing the period (P _B ) So that the optical pitch of the image panel 200 is increased, thereby reducing the optical viewing distance.

That is, in the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to secure a proper viewing distance at a period of the changed opening by varying the pitch of subpixels and the period of each opening portion of the lower barrier. For example, as shown in FIG. 3B, if the period of each opening portion of the lower barrier is made larger than the pitch of the subpixel, the optical viewing distance can be reduced. As shown in FIG. 3A, It is possible to increase the optical viewing distance.

3A, the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the present invention has the same conditions as those of FIG. 3A except that the period of the openings is larger than the pitch of the subpixels. The overlapping relationship of the black matrix layer of the subpixel and the opening portion is averaged to prevent luminance unevenness appearing between horizontal lines of different views. Even if the openings of the same horizontal line are overlapped with different subpixels, the same view is displayed in the openings, so that the 3D crosstalk (the image of the other view) Interference phenomenon) can be prevented.

Meanwhile, the sub-pixel SP may be divided into a pixel region through which an image is transmitted at the time of electric field driving and a light-shielding region formed with a light-shielding pattern.

In the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention, since the pitch of the sub-pixels 300 is not equal to the pitch of the sub-pixels, the openings at the time of design as shown in Figs. 3A and 3B are not located at the same position not.

On the other hand, even in the same design of the stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention, regularity occurs at a pitch corresponding to the least common multiple of the pitch of the subpixels of the image panel and the period of each opening of the barrier 300, When the period of the openings of the lower surface barrier 300 is set to 300 mu m and the pitch of the subpixels is set to 400 mu m, regularity is obtained at a pitch interval of 1200 mu m.

3A and 3B. However, the following modifications are also possible.

4A to 4C are plan views showing various forms of openings of a bottom barrier of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4A shows that the opening S of the bottom barrier 300 is formed in a shape of a parallelogram, which is inclined in the diagonal direction. A parallelogram light-shielding pattern 310 having the same or different width as the opening S is provided between the opening S and the opening S with respect to the sub-pixels of the horizontal line. For example, in the case of 2 views, the area ratio of the opening S to the light-shielding pattern 310 is 1: 1 with respect to the horizontal lines, Is 1: 2 and n (natural number) view, the area ratio of the opening and the shielding pattern is 1: (n-1).

On the other hand, the light-shielding pattern 310 (see FIG. 5) may be further provided in the horizontal direction at the boundary of the subpixels SP of the different horizontal lines.

In this case, the parallax part 400 located on the upper side of the image panel 200 may have an oblique slope in the form of a lens, like the slope of the opening S.

4B is a cross-sectional view of the bottom barrier 300. In FIG. 4B, the opening S of the bottom barrier 300 has a rhombic shape. In this case, the shielding pattern 310 is provided in a region except for the rhombic opening S.

4C, the shape of the openings S of the bottom barrier 300 may be a shape in which parallelograms are formed by being inclined in different directions from the upper and lower sides with the center as a boundary.

The shape of the opening S may be the same as the shape of the pixel region (region excluding the black matrix layer) of each subpixel of the image panel or may be controlled by adjusting only the width of the opening portion, It may be independent of shape.

4A to 4C, the lens region of the parallax part 400 is provided according to the inclination of the opening. That is, the slanted angle of the opening portion of the lower barrier is equal to the slanted angle of the lens region of the parallax portion 400.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a stereoscopic image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B are plan views showing the image panel and the bottom barrier of FIG. &Quot;

5 to 7, the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention shows that a pixel region of each subpixel SP has a parallelogram shape in which the center of the subpixel SP is tilted in different directions from upper and lower sides.

The image panel 200 includes a lower panel 210 and an upper panel 220 facing each other and a liquid crystal layer 240 between the lower panel 210 and the upper panel 220 and a thin film transistor array ), A black matrix layer (BM) on the top plate (220), and a color filter layer (CF).

(IPS) mode and a twisted nematic (TN) mode in the form of electrodes provided in the pixel region of the image panel 200. In the case of electrons, The pixel electrode and the common electrode are alternately arranged and driven by a horizontal electric field when a voltage is applied to each electrode. In the latter case, pixel electrodes and counter common electrodes are provided in pixel regions on different substrates, And is driven by a vertical electric field when a voltage is applied. In the latter case, the opposite common electrode is formed as a common electrode across the entire pixel region on the side of the counter substrate.

Generally, in the case of the IPS mode, it has the shape of the zigzagged pixel region shown, but it can also have this shape in the case of the TN mode.

The first horizontal line and the second horizontal line subpixels represent one view and two views, respectively. Although not shown, the subpixels of the third and fourth horizontal lines will represent three views and four views, and one or four views are repeated for the subsequent horizontal lines in turn.

Then, the bottom barrier 300 and the parallax part 400 are inclined with respect to the subpixel with a constant slope. Here, the inclination of the opening S of the lower surface barrier 300 and the slope of the parallax portion 400 are the same.

The stereoscopic image display apparatus of the present invention has the period P _B of the opening S of the lower barrier 300 different from the pitch P _SP of the sub pixels SP of the image panel 200, The openings of the backside barrier correspond to the other positions of the subpixels with respect to the subpixels of the horizontal line. A shielding pattern 310 is provided on the lower surface barrier 300 where the opening S is not located.

The barrier 300 repeats the barrier block in which the aperture S and the light shielding pattern 310 are set as one set for the subpixels of the horizontal line.

The opening S of the barrier 300 is shifted in the vertical direction by the width of the opening S to define a light transmission region for another view.

In this case, when four views are implemented, the same view is repeated for every four horizontal lines. At this time, the opening S of the barrier 300 is inclined corresponding to the subpixels SP, and the subpixels SP are arranged such that the horizontal lines are not shifted from each other and the subpixels are the same in the vertical direction Position, the openings in the first horizontal line and the fifth horizontal line can correspond to different positions of each subpixel. That is, the opening portions of the barrier ribs that are inclined in the vertical direction correspond to the subpixels at different positions with respect to the same view, and the overlapping relationship of the black matrix layer and the openings of the subpixels with respect to the subpixels in the vertical direction is averaged, Luminance unevenness appearing between the horizontal lines can be prevented.

On the other hand, the first and second polarizing plates 251 and 252 described above with reference to FIG. 1 are provided on the upper side of the image panel 200 and the lower side of the bottom barrier 300.

The parallax part 400 provided on the first polarizing plate 251 may be provided in the form of a lenticular lens having a physical bend or a panel as shown in Fig. 7 as shown in Fig. In the case of FIG. 7, the parallax part 400 can selectively drive 2D and 3D by applying a voltage.

8A and 8B are graphs showing brightness deviations of the three-dimensional image display apparatus according to the comparative example and the present invention.

FIG. 8A shows luminance deviations for each region in the comparative example. In FIG. 8A, the luminance obtained when observing between the center and the right and left outlines in the optical viewing distance is shown. The shape of the graph with respect to the luminance value is repeated, . It can be expected that the viewer has a high probability of recognizing the black band in the region where the low point is located due to a severe luminance deviation from the surroundings. In addition, it can be expected that the luminance value is almost close to 0 in the outer region, and it is hardly expected to be 3D in the outer region.

FIG. 8B shows the luminance obtained when observing between the center and the right and left outlines in the optical viewing distance in the experiment as shown in FIG. 5. It can be seen that there is almost no difference in the shape of the graph with respect to the luminance value have. This means that the viewer can view the 3D in a stable manner with little feeling of luminance variation. In addition, it maintains a uniform luminance value similar to the center even in the outer area, indicating that 3D can be viewed evenly regardless of the area.

Table 1 shows conditions of a video panel, a view map, a bottom barrier, and a parallax view in the comparative example in which the above-described FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B are tested and the experimental example of the present invention.

division parameter Comparative Example Examples of the present invention Video panel The sub-pixel pitch (P _SP ) 93.xx m View map  Views 4 views Number of views corresponding to horizontal lines 1 pixel When barrier Opening width 23.xx m 17.xx 탆 Opening shape Rectangle Parallelogram Parallaxv The lateral pitch (P _L ) 93.xx m 68.xx m Slanted angle 0 0.01˚ thickness 2 탆 1.13 탆 OVD OVD 3.03m 4m

In the comparative example of FIG. 8A and the embodiment of FIG. 8B, the image panel has subpixels of the same size and has the same resolution and size. The viewmap is commonly applied to four views, The lines commonly correspond to the same view, and the view changes only in the vertical direction.

Here, in the comparative example and the embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the opening of the lower surface barrier was changed to a rectangular parallelogram shape, and the width of the opening was changed to 23.xx m and 17.xx m, respectively. The width of the opening was previously described as the period of the opening divided by the number of views. That is, the comparative example has a size of 93.xx mu m / 4 and corresponds to 23.xx mu m. In the embodiment of the present invention, the opening period is about 70 mu m, and the width of the opening is 70 mu m / 4 do. On the other hand, the subpixel pitches of the comparative example and the experimental panel are one example, and the width thereof can be changed. However, the present invention differs from the comparative example in that the pitch of the sub-pixels of the image panel is different from the period of the opening of the image panel.

The embodiment of the present invention differs from the comparative example in that the parallax part 400 and the bottom barrier 300 are inclined at an angle of 0.01 °, The openings correspond to the pixels at different positions to solve the luminance unevenness in the vertical direction.

On the other hand, the lens pitch P _L of the parallax part 400 is slightly smaller than the period of the openings in both the comparative example and the embodiment of the present invention. However, the lens pitch is smaller than the lens pitch of the parallax part 400, Are almost equal.

FIG. 8B shows that the luminance deviation is hardly generated in each region when the embodiment of the present invention is applied, and the optical viewing distance OVD in Table 1 is increased by about 1 m in the embodiment of the present invention, It is possible to extend the optical viewing distance without reducing the area of the opening of the display unit 300.

That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the area occupied by the opening of the barrier corresponds to the area of the lower barrier divided by the number of views, if the single opening width of the lower barrier is reduced, This is equivalent to 1/4 of the area, which is the same as that in the comparative example, and the entire luminance characteristic of the stereoscopic image display device is not reduced.

9 is a sectional view showing a modification of the parallax portion of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

On the other hand, FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a substantial portion of the unit lens region, which is configured to selectively use the parallax portion in 3D display and 2D display depending on whether a voltage is applied or not.

9, the parallax unit includes first and second substrates 410 and 420 opposed to each other, a liquid crystal layer 430 between the first and second substrates, a first substrate 410 A plurality of first electrodes 411 provided on the lens region and a second electrode 421 on the second substrate 420. The first electrodes 411 are formed on the second substrate 420,

A second alignment layer 432 is formed on the first substrate 410 including the first electrode 411 and a second alignment layer 432 is formed on the second substrate 420 including the second electrode 421. [ So that the initial orientation of the parallax portion 400 can be controlled.

The first electrode 411 and the second electrode 421 may be connected to a voltage source 450 to receive a voltage. The first electrode 411 is divided into a plurality of portions corresponding to the lens region L along the inclination of the opening S of the lower surface barrier (see 300 in FIG. 5) And a pad electrode (not shown) is provided at one end or both ends of the opening S so as to be connected to the voltage source 450.

In this case, the display may be divided into a 3D display and a 2D display depending on whether a voltage is applied to the first electrode 411 and the second electrode 421. In the 3D display, a gradually increasing or decreasing voltage is applied to the first electrodes 411 located at the edge from the center of the lens region, and the first electrode 411 is applied to the second electrode 421, It is possible to apply the lowest voltage to be applied to the transistor. As a result, the refractive index of the parallax part 400 gradually changes in the lens area from the center to the edge, so that it has the same effect as the optical lenticular lens.

7, the bottom barrier 300 includes a single-layer light-shielding pattern 310 excluding the opening S, and the light-shielding pattern 310 of the single- (Not shown).

In this case, when the image panel is a light-receiving device, the light is incident on the lower side with the light source unit through the opening of the barrier. In this case, the incident light is reflected on the black matrix layer BM of the image panel The light path is cut off by the shielding pattern 310 of the barrier, and the light is again reflected from the light-shielding pattern and emitted to the outside of the image panel. In this case, the light reflected back through the black matrix layer (BM) and the light shielding pattern 310 may become unintended data, which may cause 3D crosstalk.

Hereinafter, the 3D crosstalk is prevented through the modification of the bottom barrier of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention.

10 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the bottom barrier of the stereoscopic image display device of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a view that passes through lines I to I 'of FIG.

10 is a view for preventing the 3D crosstalk caused by the reflection characteristics of the black matrix layer BM and the light shielding pattern 310. The material of the shielding pattern 310 is changed and reflected by the black matrix layer BM And the light entering the light-shielding pattern is extinguished.

For example, the barrier may have a plurality of light-shielding patterns 311, 312, and 313 having different refractive indices from each other in an area excluding the opening. Although a triple layer is shown in the illustrated example, the present invention is also applicable if the double layer is capable of eliminating the interference light in the light shielding pattern. In this case, a plurality of layers of the light-shielding pattern 310 may include a material layer for destroying light reflected from the black matrix BM toward the light-shielding pattern side. As an example, the triple layer may be MoTi / ITO / MoTi. However, without being limited thereto, a usable material layer may be substituted if it has a structure capable of inducing extinction interference of reflected light.

In the illustrated example, the light-shielding pattern 310 includes a first light-shielding metal layer 311 having a first refractive index, a transparent metal layer 312 having a second refractive index on the first light-shielding metal layer 311, Shielding metal layer 313 of the first refractive index on the first light-shielding metal layer 313. At this time, since the three-layered material layers of the light-shielding pattern 310 have different refractive indexes at the interfaces adjacent to each other, they are refracted at the interface. In the light shielding pattern 310, The light refracted at the surfaces of the first light-shielding metal layer 312 and the second light-shielding metal layer 313 extinguishes and interferes with each other, thereby reducing or preventing the amount of light finally passing through the pixel region on the upper side, thereby preventing 3D crosstalk.

The color filter layer (CF) region in FIG. 10 is a region through which light passes. The color filter layer (CF) region on the left side normally transmits light that passes through the opening portion corresponding to one view line. If the black matrix layer The light passing through the opening in the first view line can pass through the right color filter layer (CF) region corresponding to the two view lines, and the image information of the other view can be transmitted to the other color Shielding pattern is formed in a shape that induces destructive interference to prevent transmission to the filter layer region.

In the above-described example, the bottom barrier is formed by patterning on the lower surface of the image panel. However, in actual implementation, it is also possible to further include a separate film or substrate for the bottom barrier, You may. The lower surface barrier may be formed by depositing the entire lower surface of the substrate or the image panel with a light shielding material and selectively removing only the opening portion or by laminating the light shielding pattern in a region except for the opening portion.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

100: light source unit 200: image panel
210: lower plate 220: upper plate
240: liquid crystal layer BM: black matrix layer
CF: color filter layer 300: lower barrier
S: opening 310: shielding pattern
311: first light-blocking metal layer 312: transparent metal layer
313: second light-shielding metal layer 400: parallax part
410: first substrate 411: first electrode
420: second electrode 421: second electrode
430: liquid crystal layer 431: first alignment layer
432: second orientation layer 450: voltage source

Claims (19)

An image panel displaying an image and having a plurality of subpixels in a matrix form;
A bottom barrier disposed at a lower surface of the image panel and having openings at different positions with respect to each subpixel of a horizontal line; And
And a parallax part having a lens area located above the image panel and having a lens pitch corresponding to a period of an opening part with respect to sub pixels of the horizontal line. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the period of the openings with respect to the subpixels of each horizontal line of the barrier is different from the pitch of the subpixels. 3. The method of claim 2,
The width of the opening of the barrier corresponds to a value obtained by dividing the period of the opening by the number of views displayed by the image panel. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the image panel has a black matrix layer at a boundary of the sub-pixels. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein in the adjacent subpixels of the subpixels of the horizontal line, the area of overlap between the black matrix layer and the opening is different. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the opening is inclined with respect to a sub-pixel of the horizontal line. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the opening is a parallelogram. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the opening is formed by joining parallelograms that are inclined in different directions from upper and lower sides with the center as a boundary. The method according to claim 6,
Wherein the lens region is inclined with respect to a sub-pixel of the horizontal line at the same slope as the opening. The method of claim 3,
The subpixels of the image panel are,
A plurality of views are sequentially displayed in a vertical direction, and the same view is displayed for each horizontal line. 11. The method of claim 10,
Wherein the aperture of the barrier is shifted by the width of the opening at the current subpixel with respect to the subpixel in the vertical direction sequentially displayed. The method according to claim 1,
A first polarizing plate between the image panel and the parallax portion,
The stereoscopic image display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second polarizer at a lower portion of the barrier. 13. The method of claim 12,
And a light source unit that emits light in a plane below the second polarizing plate. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the barrier has a plurality of light-shielding patterns having different refractive indices from each other in an area excluding the opening. 15. The method of claim 14,
And a material layer for destroying light reflected from the black matrix toward the light-shielding pattern side in a plurality of layers of the light-shielding pattern. 15. The method of claim 14,
Wherein the light-shielding pattern comprises a first light-shielding metal layer having a first refractive index, a transparent metal layer having a second refractive index on the first light-shielding metal layer, and a second light-shielding metal layer having the first refractive index on the transparent metal layer. The method according to claim 1,
The parallax unit includes:
First and second substrates facing each other;
A liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates;
A plurality of first electrodes provided in the lens region on the first substrate; And
And a second electrode on the second substrate. 18. The method of claim 17,
Wherein the display unit is divided into a 3D display and a 2D display depending on whether a voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode. 19. The method of claim 18,
In the 3D display,
A voltage gradually increasing or decreasing with respect to the first electrodes positioned at the edge from the center of the lens region is applied,
And applies the lowest voltage applied to the first electrode to the common electrode.

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