KR20100015383A - Document comprising a security element, reading appliance and method for reading a security element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a document comprising a security element (102) and an optical element (108). The security element is arranged in front of the optical element, and the optical element for checking the security element can be switched between at least first and second optical states. The security element can be optically checked in only one of the first and second states.

Description

Documents having a secure element, a method for reading the secure element, and a reading device TECHNICAL TECHNICAL FIELD, READING APPLIANCE AND METHOD FOR READING A SECURITY ELEMENT}

The present invention relates to a document having a secure element, in particular a valuable document or a secure document, a device for reading such a document and a method for reading a secure element.

Various security elements are known from the prior art for valuable documents and secure documents. This belongs to an optical security element that can be detected visually by the user and / or mechanically by an optical sensor.

For example, the following are examples of optical security elements:

Guilloche: Guilloche is printed on documents with the help of so-called linear printing. It generally consists of wave patterns and loop patterns printed with different colorants superimposed on each other;

Fine print: This is a signature printed in minimal print. This fine print is not recognized at all by the naked eye. For example, fine print on euro banknotes is inserted into the motif as an image element. Microprints can be read with the help of loupes;

Metamer systems: on the basis of metamer isotopes, the images of light upon mixing of the same hue can be produced which can lead to a spectral composition and can be optically recognized, for example by means of color filters or several sources of radiation;

Printing using fluorescent, phosphorescent and / or upconversion coloring materials;

Print using infrared color material: This color can be identified by the corresponding sensor under infrared radiation to the reading device. Euro banknotes, for example, are equipped with such an optical security element;

Barcodes, in particular one- or two-dimensional, mono or multi-color barcodes;

Optically discolorable colorants (OVI-optically discolorable inks): optically discolorable colorants change hue according to the viewing angle since light is broken, scattered or reflected on the pigment;

Holograms or kinegrams (transparent or reflective);

-Watermark;

A digital watermark containing visually visible and / or mechanically readable information;

Passport printing: Overprint different characters or symbols to form a predetermined image. Very small deviations in position, ie the so-called passport accuracy, can be easily recognized by the naked eye. This optical security element is represented as a transparent path if there are partial images on different sides of the document, for example banknotes;

Transparent window: inserts a window into the document from a transparent plastic sheet;

Mixed colorant: a colorant shining in different colors under UV light is added to the paper of the document;

-Security thread;

-Fine perforation.

Valuable documents and security documents with light emitting elements are known from DE 197 35 293 A1. The light emitting element is disposed under a layer formed as an authentication element in order to be able to carry out visual or mechanical optical certification inspection under all irradiation conditions. This enables certification inspection in the dark without the need for a separate light source. With the aid of a light source, the authentication element can in each case be examined irrespective of the state of the light emitting element.

Patent application DE 10 2006 059 865.2-55 of the same applicant, which was unpublished by the time of this application, discloses a document having an optical element disposed before the security element. The optical element covers a security document disposed under the optical element such that the security element is invisible to the user as long as the optical element is in an opaque state. The optical element is transitioned to a transparent state for inspection of the security element.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The problem underlying the present invention is to propose an improved document and a reading device and method for such a document with respect to the published prior art.

The problem of the present invention is solved by the features of the independent claims, respectively. Preferred embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.

With the present invention, documents with optical security elements, such as valuable documents or security documents, in particular bills, chip cards, identification documents, permits and the like, are proposed. The document can be implemented on a paper basis and / or on a plastic basis.

The document according to the invention has a security element, which is arranged in front of the optical element in the direction of incidence of the light beam for its mechanical detection and / or observation. The optical elements can be converted between the first state and the second state, in which the optical elements each have different optical properties. For example, the optical element creates a background for the secure element in a first state, in front of which the secure element can be optically detected. In this regard, for example, in the second state, the optical element creates a security element background on which the security element cannot be optically and / or mechanically detected.

By changing the optical element in both states for inspection of the security element, an additional security element is provided and the user is in a position to convert the optical element, for example by a reading device, since the inspection of the optical element in the document is premised. In addition, since the document according to the present invention can be controlled by the conventional secure printing technology only by digital technology, it can be formed particularly to prevent forgery.

According to one embodiment of the invention one of the states of the optical element is a normal state in which the security element cannot be optically detected. By the connection of energy the optical element is at least temporarily transitioned to another state in which the security element can be optically detected.

According to one embodiment of the invention the optical element has a first state which acts as transmissive and a second state which is reflective. Inspection of the security element is only possible on the back side of the document when the optical element is in the transmissive state.

According to one embodiment of the invention the optical element can be changed from the first state to the second state and / or from the second state to the first state through the connection of energy. The energy connection can be made directly according to an embodiment of the optical element, for example via an electromagnetic field which makes the optical element a substantially transparent second state.

However, the connection of energy can also be made by a separate connection element, for example a contact interface, a contactless interface or a dual mode interface, in particular a chip card interface or an RF interface. The connecting element can be, for example, an antenna or a coil for inductive connection of a voltage which transforms the optical element into a substantially transparent second state.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element is bistable. That is, the optical elements remain in their respective states while not being converted. In the case of such a bistable optical element, it is also necessary to convert the optical element from the substantially transparent second state back to the substantially opaque first state after inspection of the optical security element. This can be achieved by a new connection of the corresponding circuitry and / or energy of the document, such as a new connection of an external reader.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element is quasi bistable. The optical element remains in the first state. After the optical element is converted to the second state, it remains in this second state for a predetermined time and then spontaneously returns to the first state. This embodiment has the advantage that only one conversion operation is required to switch the optical element to the second state for a period of time for inspection of the optical security element of the document. The first state can be substantially reflective and the second state can be substantially absorbent. In another embodiment the first state can be substantially absorbent and the second state can be substantially reflective. In another embodiment the first state can be substantially opaque and the second state can be substantially transparent or vice versa.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element rotates absorbing light in the first rotational position and light transmissive in the second rotational position such that the optical security element of the document is covered when the rotational element is in its first rotational position. A bistable rotating device display having a device.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element is absorbing in the first rotational position and reflective in the second rotational position such that the optical security element of the document cannot be recognized when the rotational element is in its first rotational position. A bistable rotating element display having a rotating element.

According to one embodiment, the optical element comprises an electrophoretic display device or an electrochromic display device.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element comprises an electrostatic wetting element, ie a so-called electrowetting display device.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element comprises in particular a liquid crystal display device comprising a cholesteric or nematic liquid crystal material.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element comprises a flexible display available from, for example, Citala ( http://www.citala.com ).

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element comprises a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) such as, for example, a micro shutter array available from Flixel Ltd (www.flixel.com).

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element comprises a display device based on a ferroelectric material.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical element comprises a display device based on an organic photodiode.

The display device for forming the optical element may include, for example, a matrix type display element. However, the display elements do not necessarily need to be individually controlled in order to switch them into a substantially opaque first state or a substantially transparent second state in each case and the collective control of the display elements is sufficient.

The display device for forming the optical element may include, for example, a matrix type display element. However, the display elements do not necessarily need to be individually controlled in order to switch them to a substantially non-reflective first state or to a substantially reflective second state, in which case collective control of the display elements is sufficient.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical security element of the document is a guilloche, fine print, a metamer system, a print using a fluorescent colorant, a phosphor colorant and / or an upconversion colorant, a print using an infrared colorant, optically discolorable Colorants (OVI-optically discolorable inks), holograms or kinegrams (transparent or reflective), watermarks, passport printing, transparent windows, parts of transparent paths, transmissive holograms, holographic passing through selective wavelengths from the visible spectrum Filters or other permeable elements, mixed colorants, security threads and / or fine perforations.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the secure element comprises optically readable information. For example, the secure element is a digital watermark or a one or two dimensional barcode. The watermark or barcode can be printed on the document.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the security element is formed by an optical data memory, in particular a holographic data memory, in particular plastic.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the secure element stores biological measurement data such as, for example, facial data, fingerprint data and / or iris recognition data. For example, the document is a Machine Readable Travel Document (MRTD), in particular according to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICA0) standard. The biological specific data may be biological measurement data of the holder of the MRTD.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the secure element stores data that can be used in a frame of so-called basic access control. For example, the document has a machine readable zone MRZ in which data that can be optically read is stored. These data, ciphers of these data, or hash values of these data may be stored in the secure element.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a document is provided for transitioning an optical element from a first state to a second state and / or from a second state to a first state and, if necessary, the state in which the optical element can be inspected. And an electronic integrated circuit for control of the optical element to transition back to normal state after optical access to the security element is made.

The electronic integrated circuit may have or be connected to an interface, by which the energy for driving the electronic integrated circuit and for controlling the optical element is contactlessly or contactly connected. In particular, the interface may be a chip card interface or an RF interface.

In a further aspect the invention relates to a reading device for a document according to the invention. The reading device has means for initiating the conversion of the optical element between the first state and the second state to allow optical access to the secure element of the document.

In a further aspect the invention relates to a method for reading a secure element of a document according to the invention.

In addition, embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a document according to the present invention.

2 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a document according to the invention.

3 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a document according to the invention and one embodiment of a reading device according to the invention.

4 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a document according to the invention when the optical element is in the first state.

5 is the embodiment of FIG. 4 when the optical element is in the second state.

6 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a document according to the invention when the security element is formed of a volume hologram and the optical element is in the first state.

7 is the embodiment of FIG. 6 when the optical element is in the second state.

8 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a document according to the invention when the security element is formed in a line pattern and the optical element is in the first state.

9 is the embodiment of FIG. 8 when the optical element is in the second state.

10 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a document according to the invention when the optical element is in the first state.

11 is the embodiment of FIG. 10 when the optical element is in the second state.

12 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a document according to the invention when the optical element is in the first state.

13 is the embodiment of FIG. 12 when the optical element is in the second state.

14 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a document according to the invention when the optical element is in the first state.

14B is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a document according to the invention when the optical element is in the first state.

FIG. 15 is the embodiment of FIG. 14 with the optical element in a second state.

FIG. 15B is the embodiment of FIG. 14B with the optical element in a second state.

Figure 16 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a document according to the invention and one embodiment of a reading device according to the invention.

17 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Corresponding elements of different embodiments are designated by like reference numerals in the following description of the drawings.

1 shows in schematic cross-sectional view an embodiment of a document 100 according to the invention. The document 100 includes a security element 102, which may be any optical security element known in the art. The secure element 102 is disposed on the document 100 or embedded in the body of the document 100 and is not visible from the back side 104 of the document 100. However, depending on the state of the optical element 108, the back side 104 of the document may be transparently formed so that the security element 102 can be seen from the back side 104. This is particularly advantageous if the security element 102 is a transparent path, part of a transparent path, a holographic filter, a holographic filter that passes selective wavelengths from the visible light spectrum, or a transparent window or another transparent element.

Behind the secure element 102 is an optical element 108 disposed in the body of the document 100. The optical element 108 can be converted between at least two different states, in which the optical element 108 has different optical properties, respectively. For example, the optical element 108 is used to generate a different background for the security element 102 such that the security element 102 may or may not be optically detectable. For this purpose the optical element 108 can act to absorb incident light, for example, in the first state, while being reflective in the second state.

The reading device 112 may be formed as an energy source that connects energy to the optical element 108 and converts it. In the case where the optical element 108 is a quasi bistable optical element, one energy impulse may be sufficient to switch the optical element 108 to a predetermined state for a predetermined period and to spontaneously return from this state after the end of this period. . In contrast, if the optical element 108 is a bistable optical element, additional energy impulses may be needed to return the optical element to its original state.

In addition, the optical element 108 may be formed so that a constant connection of energy is required to keep the optical element 108 in a predetermined state. In this embodiment, when the supply of energy is interrupted, the optical element 108 immediately returns to its starting state.

For example, the optical element 108 can be formed as a bistable rotating element-display or as a bistable electrophoretic display, for example as is known per se from WO 03 / 009059A1. In the case of a quasi bistable embodiment, the optical element 108 comprises a display device having, for example, an electrochromic display. For embodiments where a constant supply of energy is required, the optical element may comprise an LCD display to keep the optical element 108 in a second state.

For example, optical element 108 includes an electrical or magnetic load rotating element. The irradiation of the corresponding electromagnetic field by the reading device allows the rotating element to move so that the optical element 108 can be switched between the first state and the second state. In this embodiment, the connection of energy is also made directly at the optical element 108.

2 shows an alternative embodiment of the document 100 according to the invention with a connecting element 114 for the connection of energy for the control of the optical element 108. The connection element 114 may be implemented as a contact interface, a contactless interface or a dual mode interface, in particular as a chip card interface or an RF interface. For example, the connection element 114 may be an antenna or a coil for inductively applying a voltage for changing the optical element 108 to the second state, for example.

For example, the connection element 114 is connected to the optical element 108 via wires 116 to control the optical element and energize the optical element as needed. This arrangement does not separate without destruction from the document 100 and cannot be used in another document body, thus providing the advantage of special security against forgery. This is particularly the case when the wire 116 extends inside the document body. The document body of the document 100 may here be embodied in a paper base and / or plastic base, for example in the form of a paper base travel document or chip card.

3 shows one embodiment of a reading device 112 according to the present invention. The reading device 112 has an energy source 118 for the connection of energy at the connecting element 114, for example by a contact or contactless interface. The reading device 112 also includes a light source 120 for the generation of a read line 122 for the optical inspection of the secure element 102 of the document 100.

For optical detection of the secure element the reading device 112 is equipped with one or a plurality of optical sensors, for example optical sensors 124 and 126. The optical sensor 124 is disposed on the same side as the light source 120 with respect to the document 100, so that the light reflected by the security element 102 and optionally the optical element 108 based on the read line 122 ( 128). In this regard, the optical sensor 126 is disposed with respect to the back side 104 of the document 100 to detect the transmitted light 130, i.e. all the readout portion transmitted by the security element 102 and the optical element 108. . In the reading device 112, the receiving area 132 for receiving the document 100 may be formed as shown in FIG. 3.

Optical sensors are shown by symbols. In particular, a plurality of sensors can be arranged to detect fringes that are reflected in large planes, such as those derived from so-called "diffraction zone codes". The sensors can also be oriented to detect light reflected in the direction of the light source 120 by additional optical aids such as, for example, optical splitters.

Reading device 112 may be configured to control program components 121 and 123 for control of various components of reading device 112 and / or for evaluation of signals supplied from optical sensor 124 and / or optical sensor 126. It has a processor 119 for execution. In addition, the processor 119 may control the interface 125 (which may be a user interface and / or a network interface) of the reading device 112. By interface 125, data obtained based on the evaluation and / or further data read from document 100 may be output.

4 shows a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a document 100 according to the present invention. The document has a carrier 134, which may be based on plastic and / or paper and may include another security element, printing, or the like. The optical element 108 is disposed on the carrier 134. 4 shows the optical element 108 in an absorbing first state.

On top of the optical element 108 another layer 136 may be arranged, on which the security element 102 is present. In general, document 100 may also have a protective layer 138 disposed over secure element 102.

In a related embodiment, the security element 102 is formed to reflect light for certain spectral regions, such as green light, while transmitting for other spectral components of the visible region, in particular red and blue light. For example, security element 102 may be formed as a volume hologram.

4 exemplarily shows a red component 122 ', a green component 122 ", and a blue component 122'" of the read line 122. As shown in FIG. The red component 122 'and the blue component 122' "are transmitted through the security element 102 and are absorbed by the optical element 108 because the security element 102 is transparent in these spectral regions. Since 122 "is reflected by the security element 102, the reflected light 128 consists of the portion of the green component 122" reflected through the security element 102. Thus, these reflected light 128 is the user 110 (See Figs. 1 and 2), a green tint, i.e., the mapping 111, is generated.

5 shows document 100 after optical element 108 is converted to another state. The optical element 108 produces a black background in the first state shown in FIG. 4, while producing a white background or a reflective (mirror) background in the second state shown in FIG. 5. In this state, the optical element 108 acts as a reflector.

Thus, each portion of the readout line 122 which is transmitted without being reflected by the security element 102 is scattered or reflected by the optical element so that the entire readout line 122 derived from the document may be deviated or directly reflected. do. Scattered ray 128 no longer originates only in the green spectral region but undergoes significant color conversion through additional red and blue components, so that secure element 102 may not be recognized or at all. Reflected light 128 is also formed from the reflected red, green and blue components 122 ', 122 "and 122'" of the read line 122 in this case. Thus, for example, an event 111 of generally white hue is generated for the user 110 such that the secure element 102 cannot be recognized.

The embodiment of the document 100 of FIGS. 4 and 5 is particularly advantageous when the security element 102 is a volume-reflection-hologram. If the volume-reflection-hologram is present on a dark background, its visibility is obviously improved. For example, when properly selected the characteristics of a holographic recording medium having a material thickness of about 10 μm and an index of refraction between 10 ⁻³ and 10 ⁻² , for example, a full color hologram may look very black on a white background and look very good in front of a black background. In the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5, when the optical element 108 is in the absorbing state, ie the black state, contrast enhancement is made to the security element 102 formed as a volume hologram.

The optical element 108 may be formed to be able to convert between two different colors. For example, optical element 108 may be formed to be black in a first state to create a black background for viewing of security element 102. In contrast, in the second state, the optical element 108 has a color that is approximately the same as the color at which the security element 102 reflects or scatters the incident readout line 122. In this case, the background generated by the optical element 108 when the optical element is in the second state has the same color as the security element 102 so that the structure of the security element is not visible to the user 110.

The security element 102 can also be formed as an active light source that generates a light beam of a certain color itself. Even in this case, the optical element 108 may be formed to have a color different from the color of the security element 102 in the first state (eg black) and to emit substantially the same color as the light of the security element 102 in the second state. Can be. This embodiment has the advantage that the read line 122 is not absolutely necessary.

For example, the secure element 102 may be a luminescent marking. The luminescent marking emits light of a predetermined color. The optical element 108 has a color which is almost the same as the color in which the security element 102 emits light in the first state, for example black and in the second state.

For example, the secure element 102 may be a luminescent marking. The luminescent marking emits light of a predetermined color. The optical element 108 emits light stimulating the security element 102 for emission of light in the first state, for example black and in the second state.

In another embodiment using the luminescent security element 102, light having a hue corresponding to the hue of the first transition state of the optical element 108 is emitted. However, in the second conversion state the optical element 108 has another hue so that it can be recognized.

In a third embodiment using the luminescent security element 102 light is emitted having a hue corresponding to the hue of the first transformed state of the optical element 108. However, in the second transition state the optical element 108 emits light having another color tone, particularly preferably a contrast or complementary color, so that the security element 102 can be easily identified.

For this purpose the optical element 108 may preferably be formed as an active light source. For example, the optical element 108 is non-luminescent in the first state, ie black. In contrast, in the second state, the optical element 108 is luminescent, wherein the light rays provided by the optical element 108 on the basis of the luminescence are similar or identical to the light rays of the security element 102. The same effect is achieved by using an organic photodiode or organic photodiode display as optical element 108.

When the optical element 108 is in the second state, the security element 102 may consist of a print having a color that is equivalent to the color of the optical element 108. In particular in the second state, which is the normal state of the optical element 108, the printed motif of the security element 102 can only be observed under certain irradiation conditions. For identification of the security element 102, in particular for mechanical identification, the optical element 108 is quickly converted from a second state to a first state that accommodates a contrast color, preferably black or white.

According to another embodiment, the security element 102 is a print of color that reflects linearly polarized light in the first polarization direction. The optical element 108 is formed to reflect linearly polarized light in the second polarization direction, where the second polarization direction is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the first polarization direction. The component of the readout line 122 in the first polarization direction is also reflected by the security element 102 while the component of the readout line 122 in the second polarization direction is reflected by the optical element 108. .

In one embodiment, security element 102 consists of a print in one color. The optical element 108 is converted in a state where the optical element has the same color as the security element 102 and in a second state having the same color (orange) of the same hue. In another embodiment the optical element 108 is converted between the color and contrast color of the security element 102 or in another form between the complementary and contrast colors. The contrast color is particularly preferably a color that allows optical detection of the security element without technical means.

As a result, the read line 122 is reflected from the document 100 as a whole. In this transition state of the optical element 108 where the optical element reflects linearly polarized light in the second polarization direction, the security element 102 can only be detected by the polarization filter. For identification of the security element 102, in particular for mechanical identification, the optical element 108 can be converted to a contrasting color, preferably black or white. Alternatively, the optical element 108 may be formed to reflect linearly polarized light in the first polarization direction in another state. In the latter case, only the component of the read line 122 from the document 100 in the first polarization direction is reflected. The secure element 102 can be detected without the polarization filter.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the security element 102 is a color print that absorbs visible light but does not absorb infrared light. The visible component of the read line 122 is also absorbed by the security element 102, while the infrared component of the read line 122 is not absorbed and passed through so that the infrared component of the read line is disposed under the security element 102. 108 may be reached. The optical element here is adapted to absorb infrared light in one state and to reflect or transmit, for example, without absorbing infrared light in another state. Regardless of the conversion state of the optical element 108, the signal in the infrared region may or may not be detected by the reading device 102.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the security element 102 is a color plane print that absorbs light in the invisible spectral region, such as infrared, but does not absorb visible light. This security element 102 may also be inspected by the optical element 108 when it has a state that absorbs infrared light and another state that does not absorb infrared light, for example to reflect or transmit it. In such embodiments the optical element 108 may have the same, similar or different properties in the visible region of light in both states.

6 illustrates one embodiment of a document 100 in accordance with the present invention including a security element 102 having one structure, such as for example a line pattern. 6 illustratively shows lines 140, 142 and 144 of secure element 102.

In the embodiment contemplated herein the readout line 122 is oriented obliquely relative to the document 100 as shown in FIG. 6 but not perpendicular as in the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5. Where the read line 122 touches one of the lines of the secure element 102, one spectral component of the read line 122 is reflected while another spectral component of the read line 122 is passed.

As in the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5, the embodiment of Figure 6 is illustratively shown for the green component 122 ". The red component 122 'of the readout line 122 is the security element 102 of the security element 102. Regardless of whether it touches one of the lines, it passes through the security element 102. The red component 122 'also approaches the optical element 108. The optical element in the state of the optical element 108 shown in FIG. Absorbs and the red component 122 'of the read line 122 is completely absorbed by the document 100. Another spectral component of the read line 122, in particular the blue component 122' "and the green component ( 122 "), as they do not touch one of the lines of secure element 102.

Where the green component 122 "of the read line 122 touches one of the lines, such as line 140, reflected light 128 is generated. Line of security element 102 based on reflected light 128 Printing of the idea of the pattern 146, the lines 140, 142, 144... Is visible to the user 110.

This embodiment also works when the line pattern is formed with standard reflectivity rather than wavelength selective. The line pattern looks highly contrast when the security element 108 is converted to absorbent, and this contrast disappears when the security element 108 is converted to reflective.

FIG. 7 illustrates the document 100 of the embodiment of FIG. 6 in which the optical element 108 is in another reflective state. The spectral components transmitted on the lines of the security element 102, in particular the red component 122 ′ and blue component 122 ′ ″, are not absorbed by the optical element 108 and are reflected to reflect the line pattern 146 and the red component ( 112 'and alternating line pattern 148 is created, which is a superposition of lines 150 generated by blue component 112' ". Line 150 is almost magenta in color with a green component 122 ".

Layer 136 is, for example, approximately 100 μm in height, so a print having a line of 200 μm or less in width and about 2.5 linear / mm or less in thickness for a 45 degree field of view may be selected. Alternatively, the layer may be selected, for example, a print having a line of 250 μm in height and having a width of 500 μm or less. Instead of the reflector, the optical element 108 may form a white surface in the state shown in FIG. Magenta colored lines 150 in this case can be seen from any angle at less brightness and are also recognized as variable line images in this embodiment.

The modifications disclosed above with respect to the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5 can be similarly used in the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 7, for example with respect to different polarization directions, luminescence and infrared light components.

8 illustrates one embodiment of a document in which security element 102 is formed as a volume hologram. The volume hologram is made so that the leaking observation light can be viewed at an angle different from that expected under typical reflection conditions. For example, when the read line 122 touches the image point 152 of the secure element 102 volume hologram illustrated by way of example at an angle of incidence of about 45 degrees, the image point 153 is reflected light at a viewing angle of 0 degrees. 128). The optical element 108 absorbs in the state shown in FIG. That is, the red component 122 'and blue component 122' "of the optical element 108 are absorbed.

9 shows document 100 of the embodiment of FIG. 8 after optical element 108 has been converted to another reflective state. In this state, the red component 122 'and the blue component 122' "of the read line 122 of the optical element 108 do not absorb and reflect, where the reflection angle is equal to the incident angle as shown in FIG. The overlap of the red component 122 'and the blue component 122' "creates an additional magenta point 154 consisting of the image points 152 of the volume hologram.

10 and 11 illustrate one embodiment of a document 100 in which an optical element 108 may be converted between an absorbed state as shown in FIG. 10 and a transparent state as shown in FIG. 11. Depending on the embodiment of the secure element 102, the read line 122 may or may not remain altered by the secure element 102. For example, the readout line consists only of the green component 122 "(another layer of the document structure, ie, the protective layer 138, the layer 136 and the carrier 134 is transparent). In the state of element 108 the readout line is completely absorbed so that the security element 102 cannot be inspected. 156 is generated.

The security element 102 may be a transparent pass, a portion of the transparent pass, a holographic filter, a holographic filter that passes selective wavelengths from the visible light spectrum, a transparent window or other transparent element, and the like.

12 and 13 illustrate another embodiment of a document 100 in accordance with the present invention. In this embodiment the optical element can be transformed in the absorption state shown in FIG. 12 and the transparent state shown in FIG. 13. In the absorbed state of the optical element 108 as shown in FIG. 12, one idea is obtained similar to the embodiment of FIG. 4, while in the transparent state of the optical element 108 an additional idea 158 (secure element ( The green component 122 "of 102 is reflected so that a magenta color appears based on the superposition of the red component 122 'and the blue component 122'", which is considered here by way of example. In embodiments contemplated herein, security element 102 may be formed as a hologram.

14 and 15 illustrate one embodiment of a document 100 in accordance with the present invention having a reflector 160. The secure element 102 here may be a transmissive hologram. The optical element 108 may be converted between the non-transparent state shown in FIG. 14 and the transparent state shown in FIG. 15. Only when the optical element 108 is in the transparent state is the event 162 as shown in FIG. 15 obtained.

Only when the optical element 108 is in the transparent state, the portion of the light ray 122 refracted by the transparent hologram, that is, the light ray 122b, passes through the optical element 108 and touches the reflector 160 to generate the event 162. do. It behaves correspondingly for the portion of the light portion 122 that is not refracted, ie the light beam 122a.

The reflector 160 may be a mirror metal surface. This may be formed as a component of the optical element 108, for example as a back electrode of the display element forming the optical element 108. If the optical element 108 can be converted between a reflective state and an absorbing state, this embodiment does not require an additional reflector.

According to a further embodiment of the invention the security element 102 consists of a Fourier hologram. Fourier holograms have the property of projecting images when irradiated with the appropriate light of the appropriate wavelength and the appropriate angle of incidence. Such an image may be, for example, a data plane, a logo, or the like. Laser irradiation of typical display holograms can produce the same effect. 14B and 15B show these corresponding features.

For all the above embodiments, Fourier holograms or display holograms can be used significantly instead of pure holographic mirrors or similar refractive structures.

16 shows another embodiment of a document 100 according to the invention and a reading device 112 according to the invention. In an embodiment contemplated herein, document 100 is a travel document such as, for example, an electronic passport. The document 100 has a so-called machine-readable zone (MRZ) 164. The connecting element 114 is here formed of an RF chip. This is used for execution of program instructions 166 for execution of cryptographic protocols and program instructions 168 for control of optical element 108. In addition, the RF-chip may store, for example, sensitive data or data requiring protection, in particular data 170 such as biological measurement data of the holder of the document 100.

The processor 119 of the reading device 112 is used here for the execution of the program instructions 172 for executing the steps relating to the reading device of the cryptographic protocol. The energy source 118 of the reading device 112 is here formed of an RF interface for communicating with the RF chip of the document 100. In addition to the optical sensor 124, the reading device 112 may be provided with an additional optical sensor 174, for example to detect MRZ 164 or another optically readable data.

The cryptographic protocol executed by program instructions 166 and 172 may be, for example, a protocol for the execution of Basic Access Control (BAC). Here, the RF-chip is formed only after successful execution of the BAC so that the optical element 108 is controlled by the program command 168 so that the security element 102 can be inspected by the reading device 112.

For example, MRZ 164 is then detected by optical sensor 174. From this detected data the reading device 112 generates a key, with which the reading device encrypts a random number transmitted from the RF-chip and passes the password to the RF-chip by the RF-interface. The RF-Chip checks if these ciphers match expectations. If the cipher matches the expectations, the BAC is considered successful.

17 shows a corresponding flowchart. In step 200, the BAC protocol is executed between the reading device and the document. After the BAC protocol is successfully terminated, the RF-chip provides a conversion signal to the optical element of the document, which switches the optical element to a state where the document's security element can be inspected. In step 204 the data stored in the secure element is read by the reading device and in step 206 it is checked for correspondence with the data detected from the MRZ of the document for execution of the BAC protocol. If it does not match, the reading device provides an error message in step 208 and vice versa, the reading device accesses this to read via RF the data stored in the document in step 210 (in the embodiment of FIG. Data stored at 170).

In the case of sensitive data stored in 102, it is also possible to have a terminal as legitimate access to the data stored in the secure element 102, but also presuppose a successful Extended Access Control (EAC) in addition to a successful BAC. Do.

Reference list

100 Document 118 Energy Sources

102 Security Element 119 Processor

104 Rear 120 Light source

106 Front 121, 123, 166, 168, 172 Program command

108 optical element 122 readout

110 Users 124, 174 Optical Sensor

111, 158, 162 Event 125, 126 Interface

112 reader 128 reflected light

114 Connecting element 130 Transmitted light

116 Wiring 132 Reception Area

134 carrier 136 layers

138 Protective layer 140, 142, 144, 150 lines

146, 148 Line Pattern 152 Image Points

153, 154 points 156 Transmission Images

160 Reflector 165 MRZ

170 data

Claims (34)

A document having a security element 102 and an optical element 108, wherein the security element is disposed in front of the optical element, and the optical element for inspection of the security element is between at least the first optical state and the second optical state. And the security element can only be optically inspected in one of the first state and the second state. The document of claim 1, wherein the optical element can be converted between a first state and a second state by an energy connection. The document of claim 2, wherein the optical element is formed for energy connection. A document as claimed in claim 2, comprising a connecting element (114) for energy connection and said optical element can be controlled by said connecting element. A document as claimed in claim 2, comprising a contact interface, a contactless interface or a dual mode interface (114), in particular a chip card interface or an RF interface for energy connection. 6. A document according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the optical element is bistable. 7. A document as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the optical element is quasi bistable. 8. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the optical element is an electrophoretic display device, an electrochromic display device, an electrostatic display device, a rotating element display device, an electro-wetting display device, a ferroelectric display device and / or in particular. Liquid crystal display devices having cholesteric liquid crystal materials or nematic liquid crystal materials such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) such as micro shutter arrays and / or display devices based on ferroelectric materials or interferometric modulators And an organic photodiode or an organic photodiode display. The display apparatus of claim 8, wherein the display apparatus includes a plurality of display elements each of which converts a partial region of the optical element into a first state or a second state, and the display apparatus entirely converts the display elements into a first state or a first state. Wherein said display elements are configured to be collectively controlled for transition to a two state state. 10. The security element according to claim 1, wherein the security element comprises a hologram, in particular a volume hologram, a reflective hologram, a transmissive hologram, a Fourier hologram, a display hologram, a luminescent marking, a reflector for the reflection of polarized light, Absorbers for absorbing light, guilloche, fine print, metamer systems, fluorescent colorants, prints using phosphorescent and / or upconversion colorants, prints using infrared colorants, optically discolorable colorants (OVI-optically discolorable) Ink), kinegram (transparent or reflective), watermark, passport printing, transparent window, mixed colorant, security thread and / or microperforation. The document of claim 1, wherein the secure element comprises data that is optically readable and / or optically cognitively detectable. 12. A document according to claim 11, wherein the security element is formed as optical data memory, in particular as holographic data memory. The document of claim 11 or 12, wherein the data is biological measurement data and / or human data. 14. A document as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising an electronic integrated circuit (114) for the conversion of optical elements. The document according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the optical element absorbs incident light in a first state and reflects incident light in a second state. The optical element of claim 15, wherein the security element is formed to reflect in a first spectral region 122 ″ and transmit in a second spectral region 122 ′, 122 ″, wherein the optical element is at least a second spectrum in a first state. And is configured to absorb in a region and reflect in at least a second spectral region in a second state. 16. The document of claim 15, wherein the security element is configured to reflect, scatter, or generate light in a first spectral region, and the optical element is configured to reflect in a first spectral region in a second state. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the security element is a marking that is luminescent in a first spectral region and the optical element is non-luminescent in a first state and luminescent in a first spectral region in a second state. Document characterized in that. 19. The device of claim 1, wherein the security element has a first color and the optical element has a second color different from the first color in a first state and the first state in a second state. A document having a third color that is the same color as the color. 20. The device of claim 1, wherein the security element is formed to reflect linearly polarized light in a first polarization direction, and the optical element is in a second state only in a second polarization direction (with respect to the first polarization direction). Vertical) to reflect linearly polarized light. 21. A document according to any preceding claim wherein the secure element has one structure. 22. A document as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the optical element is configured to reflect light rays in a first state and to transmit light rays in a second state. 23. A document as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the security element is shaped so that it can only be visually recognized in the first state or the second state of the optical element. 24. A document according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the optical element comprises a display device capable of acting as reflectivity, orientation reflectivity, diffusion dispersion and / or transmission. 25. An electronic integrated circuit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an electronic integrated circuit 114 for the execution of the cryptographic protocol and / or for the control of the optical element when the conditions of the cryptographic protocol are met. Document. 26. The system of claim 25, comprising an optically readable zone 164 comprising optically readable data, wherein the secure element stores data, a password of the data, an authentication number of the data, or a hash value of the data. And formed as an optical memory. 27. The electronic device of claim 25 or 26, comprising an electronic memory 170 for the storage of electronically readable data, wherein external access to the electronically readable data is externally read from the electronic integrated circuit. Document only if the cryptographic protocol has been successfully executed by the device (112). 28. A document as claimed in any of claims 24 to 27, wherein the cryptographic protocol is formed for the execution of Basic Access Control and / or Extended Access Control. 29. A document according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a valuable document or a secure document, in particular a machine readable travel document or proof of identity document, a chip card, a permit, a bill. 30. A device as claimed in any of claims 1 to 29, comprising means for initiating the conversion of the optical element between the first state and the second state to allow optical access to the secure element of the document. Reading device for claim document (100). 31. The reading device of claim 30, comprising an optical sensor (124) for automatic detection of said secure element. 32. A device as claimed in claim 30 or 31, comprising means 172 for the execution of a cryptographic protocol and means 120, 124 for detecting data from a secure element, said data being used for the execution of a cryptographic protocol. And a reading device. 33. A reading apparatus according to any one of claims 30 to 32, which is a reading device such as a valuable document or a secure document, in particular a machine readable travel document or proof of identity document, a chip card, a permit, or the like. Coupling energy to the document to convert the optical element between a first state and a second state, Optically detecting the secure element 30. A method for reading a secure element of a document (100) of any one of the preceding claims.

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