KR20040065005A - Method and apparatus for managing defect using temporary DMA, and a disc thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A disk for managing defects by using a temporary defect management area is provided to dispose a temporary defect information area in a lead-in area or/and a lead-out area, in order to record information on defects, and to finally read all the recorded information on the defects, thereby effectively using a defect management area. CONSTITUTION: A defect management area is disposed in at least one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area. A temporary defect management area is disposed in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area. The temporary defect management area is an area for recording temporary defect information which informs a user of information only on defects generated from recording operations, and for recording temporary defect management information which informs the user of managing information on the temporary defect information. The defect management area is an area for recording the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information recorded in the temporary defect management area as defect information and defect management information, respectively.

Description

Method and apparatus for managing defect using temporary DMA, and a disc

The present invention relates to defect management of a disc, and more particularly, to a defect management method using a temporary defect management area, an apparatus thereof, and a disc thereof.

Defect management refers to a process of supplementing data loss due to defects by rewriting user data recorded in a portion where a defect occurs when a defect occurs in user data recorded in the user data area. Conventionally, defect management is largely divided into a defect management method using linear replacement and a defect management method using skipping replacement. Linear replacement means that when a defect occurs in the user data area, the defective area is replaced with an area where a defect in the spare area does not occur. Skipping refers to the use of areas skipped without using the defective areas, followed by areas that are not defective.

Both the linear replacement method and the skip method are applicable only to discs capable of repeatable recording such as DVD-RAM / RW and recording by the random access method. In other words, the conventional linear replacement method and the skip method are difficult to apply to a write once disc which can only be written once. This is because whether or not a defect has occurred is confirmed by actually recording data. However, in the case of write once disks, once data has been written, it cannot be erased and written again, and thus defect management according to the conventional method is impossible.

On the other hand, high-density write once discs with recording capacities of several tens of GB are proposed following CD-R, DVD-R and the like. These disks can be used for backup because they are relatively inexpensive, have random access when reading data, and have relatively fast read speeds. However, since defect management is not performed for the write once disk, if a defective area is generated during backup, the backup cannot be continued and is interrupted. Since backups occur, especially at times when the system is not used frequently, usually at night when there are no administrators, it is likely that backups will no longer be performed if a backup is interrupted due to a faulty zone.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a defect management method, apparatus and disk which are applicable to a write once disk.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a defect management method, an apparatus and a disk thereof, in which a recording is smoothly performed by processing the defect even if a defect occurs during recording.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a defect management method, an apparatus and a disk thereof which can more efficiently use a space in which defect information is recorded.

1 is a block diagram of a recording apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a structural diagram of a disk 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

3A is an example of a data structure of the disk 100 of FIG. 2,

FIG. 3B illustrates one embodiment of the temporary defect management area and the defect management area of FIG. 3A;

4A and 4B are data structure diagrams of a temporary defect management area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5A and 5B are data structure diagrams of TDDS #i and copy of TDDS #i,

6 is a data structure diagram of TDFL #i;

7 is a reference diagram for explaining in more detail a process of recording data in a user data area A and a spare area B according to an embodiment of the present invention;

8 is a data structure diagram of TDFL # 0 and TDFL # 1 which are temporary defect information recorded according to FIG. 7;

9 is a data structure diagram of defect #i;

10 is a flowchart illustrating a defect management method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

11 is a flowchart for explaining a defect management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

According to the present invention, there is provided a single recording layer write once disc in which a lead-in area, a data area, and a lead-out area are sequentially arranged, wherein the lead-in area and the lead-out area are used. A defect management area provided in at least one; And a temporary defect management area provided in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area, wherein the temporary defect management area includes temporary defect information informing only information about a defect generated in a corresponding recording operation; The area for recording temporary defect management information informing the information for managing the temporary defect information is recorded, and the defect management area includes the defect information and the temporary defect management information recorded in the temporary defect management area during finalizing, respectively. And an area for recording with defect management information.

In addition, the write once includes a first recording layer in which the lead-in area, the data area and the lead-out area are sequentially arranged, and a second recording layer in which the outer area, the data area and the lead-out area are sequentially arranged ( write once) A disk comprising: a defect management area provided in at least one of the lead-in area, lead-out area and outer area; And a temporary defect management area provided in at least one of the lead-in area, the lead-out area, and the outer area, wherein the temporary defect management area informs only information about a defect generated in a corresponding recording operation. And an area for recording temporary defect management information that informs information for managing the temporary defect information, wherein the defect management area includes temporary defect information and temporary defect management information recorded in the temporary defect management area during finalizing. It is also achieved by the disc characterized in that the areas are respectively recorded as defect information and defect management information.

It is preferable that a plurality of defect management areas exist in one area, and it is preferable that the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information are recorded a plurality of times in pairs adjacent to the temporary defect management area.

Preferably, the temporary defect management information includes information indicating a location where corresponding temporary defect information is recorded, and the temporary defect management information includes information indicating a location of temporary defect information recorded immediately before. More preferably, the temporary defect information preferably includes a pointer indicating a location of a defect and a pointer indicating a location of a replacement.

On the other hand, according to another aspect of the present invention, the above object is a method of managing a defect of a disc, comprising: (a) reading only defect information of data recorded in a data area of the disc according to a first recording operation; Recording as first temporary defect information in a temporary defect management area provided in at least one of the -in area and the lead-out area; (b) recording management information for managing the first temporary defect information as first temporary defect management information in the temporary defect management area; (c) repeating steps (a) to (b) at least once by incrementing the ordinal number added to the recording operation, the temporary defect information, and the temporary defect management information by one; And (d) reading the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect information recorded so far and recording them in a defect management area provided in at least one of a lead-in area, a lead-out area and an outer area of the disc. It is also achieved by a defect management method characterized by the above.

Step (d) is preferably performed after recording data according to the last recording operation in the data area, and steps (a) and (b) are performed such that the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information are adjacent to each other. In this case, it is preferable that the recording step be repeated repeatedly a plurality of times sequentially from the front part or the rear part of the temporary defect information area.

It is particularly preferable that step (b) records the positional information of the corresponding temporary defect information as the temporary defect management information and the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before the corresponding temporary defect information.

On the other hand, according to another field of the present invention, the above object is a recording / reading unit for recording or reading data on the disk; And only defect information on data recorded according to a recording operation in the data area of the disc is recorded as temporary defect information in a temporary defect management area provided in at least one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area of the disc. It is also achieved by an apparatus comprising a control unit for controlling the recording / reading unit to record management information for managing defect information in the temporary defect management area as temporary defect management information.

The control unit preferably controls the recording / reading unit so that the corresponding temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information are recorded in pairs adjacent to each other.

The control unit reads the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information recorded so far in units of a recording operation during finalizing and records them in a defect management area provided in at least one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area of the disc. It is preferable to control the recording / reading section.

In addition, the above object is a recording apparatus, comprising: a recording / reading unit for recording or reading data on a disc; And recording only the defect information on data recorded according to a first recording operation in the data area of the disc as first temporary defect information in a temporary defect management area provided in any one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area of the disc. And record defect management information for managing the first temporary defect information as first temporary defect management information in the temporary defect management area, and add an ordinal number to the recording operation, the temporary defect information, and the temporary defect management information. Control the recording / reading unit to record data in the data area in increments of 1, and read / write the temporary defect management information and temporary defect information recorded so far to be recorded in the defect management area during finalizing. It is also achieved by an apparatus comprising a control unit for controlling the unit.

The control unit records data according to the last recording operation in the data area, and then reads the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information recorded so far, respectively, as lead-in area and lead of the disc as final defect management information and final defect information, respectively. Preferably, the recording / reading unit is controlled to record in the defect management area provided in at least one of the out-out area and the outer area, and the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect management information corresponding to each other in the temporary defect management area are paired. The recording / reading unit is preferably controlled to sequentially record from the front or the rear of the temporary defect management area.

It is particularly preferable that the controller controls the recording / reading unit to record the positional information of the corresponding temporary defect information as the temporary defect management information and the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before the corresponding temporary defect information. Do.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a block diagram of a recording apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, the recording apparatus includes a recording / reading section 1, a control section 2, and a memory section 3. The recording / reading section 1 records data on the disc 100, which is an information storage medium according to the present embodiment, and reads data to verify the recorded data. The control unit 2 performs defect management according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the control unit 2 conforms to the "verify after write method" in which the defect is found by recording the data in predetermined units and then verifying the recorded data. The control unit 2 records user data in units of one recording operation and then verifies it to check where a defect area occurs. The control unit 2 generates defect information indicating where the defect area found as a result of the inspection and which replacement area replaces the defective area is stored, and then stores the generated defect information in the memory unit 3 and collects a predetermined amount of temporary defects. The information is recorded on the disc 100.

The recording operation is a unit of work determined by a user's intention, a recording operation to be performed, and the like. In this embodiment, the disc 100 is loaded into a recording device to perform recording operation of predetermined data, and then the disc 100 Until point. The verification operation after recording during one recording operation is performed at least once, usually a plurality of times. The defect information obtained as a result of performing the verification operation after recording is temporarily stored in the memory unit 3 as temporary defect information.

When the user completes the recording of the predetermined data and then presses an eject button (not shown) provided in the recording apparatus to eject the disc 100, the control unit 2 predicts that one recording operation will end. When it is predicted that the recording operation will be finished, the control section 2 reads the temporary defect information stored in the memory section 3, provides it to the recording / reading section 1, and instructs the disk 100 to record these information. Through this process, information about a defect is recorded on the disc 100 in units of recording operations as temporary defect information. Recording in the recording operation unit means that only the information on the defect generated in the corresponding recording operation is recorded, not the information on the defect generated in the other recording operation.

When data recording is completed on the disc 100, that is, when no further data is to be recorded on the disc 100 (when finalizing), the control unit 2 records the temporary defect information recorded on the disc 100. And the temporary defect management information are recorded in the defect management area provided in the disc 100.

2 shows the structure of a disk 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 2A, when the disc 100 is a single recording layer disc having one recording layer L0, it has a disc structure composed of a lead-in area, a data area and a lead-out area. The lead-in area is located on the inner circumferential side of the disk 100 and the lead-out area is located on the outer circumferential side of the disk 100. The data area is located between the lead-in area and the lead-out area. The data area is divided into a spare area and a user data area.

The user data area is an area in which user data is recorded. The spare area is used to compensate for the loss of the recording space due to a defect in the user data area. The spare area is preferably set to ensure a maximum data capacity that can be recorded while allowing a defect on the disc. When setting, set it to about 5% of the total data capacity.

Referring to FIG. 2B, when the disc 100 is a dual recording layer disc having two recording layers L0 and L1, the recording layer L0 includes a lead-in area, a data area, and an outer area of the disc 100. The outer peripheral side, the data region, and the lead-out area are sequentially disposed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side, and the outer region, the data region, and the lead-out area are sequentially arranged from the outer peripheral side of the disc 100 to the inner peripheral side. Unlike the single recording layer disc of FIG. 2A, the lead-out area is also arranged on the inner circumferential side of the disc 100. As shown in FIG. That is, the recording path for recording data is an OTP (Opposite Track Path) from the lead-in area of the recording layer L0 to the area outside of the recording layer L0, and then from the area outside of the recording layer L1 to the lead-out area of the recording layer L1. to be. Spare areas are allocated to recording layers L0 and L1, respectively.

In this embodiment, the spare area exists only between the lead-in area or the outer area and the user data area, but if necessary, the spare area is used between the lead-in area and the lead-out area by utilizing a separate space obtained by dividing the user area. One or more may be arranged, and the position may be variously changed.

3A is an example of the data structure of the disk 100 of FIG.

Referring to Fig. 3A, in the present embodiment, when the disc 100 is a single recording layer disc, the lead-in area is provided with a defect management area and a temporary defect management area. Alternatively, a defect management area may be provided in both the lead-in area and the lead-out area, or a temporary defect management area may be provided in the lead-out area. In summary, the defect management area and the temporary defect management area may exist in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area. In the case of a dual recording layer disc, the defect management area and the temporary defect management area exist in the lead-in area and the lead-out area located on the inner circumferential side of the disc 100, respectively. The defect management area may be further provided in the lead-out area and the outer area located on the outer circumferential side of the disc 100. Similarly, in the case of the dual recording layer disc, the defect management area and the temporary defect management area are provided in at least one of the lead-in area, the lead-out area and the outer area.

In the defect management area, generally, information that affects the entire disc is recorded, such as the structure of the disc for managing the defect, whether or not there is defect management, the position of the defect information, the defect information, the position and size of the spare area. In the information recording method, since the disk 100 of the present embodiment is a write once disk, when the information is changed, a method of newly recording the changed information following the previously recorded information is applied.

Usually, when a disc is loaded into the apparatus, the recording or reproducing apparatus reads information in the lead-in area and the lead-out area to figure out how to manage the disc and how to record or play it. The larger the information recorded in the lead-in area and / or the lead-out area, the longer the time required for loading the disc and then preparing for recording or playback occurs. Therefore, the present invention introduces the concept of temporary defect management information and temporary defect information and records them in a temporary defect management area provided separately from the defect management area of the lead-in area and / or the lead-out area. That is, by finally recording only meaningful defect management information and defect information in the defect management area, it is possible to reduce the amount of information that the recording or reproducing apparatus should read in preparation for recording or reproduction.

In the present embodiment, since defect management is in accordance with the linear substitution scheme, the temporary defect information is composed of information indicating where the defect is generated and information indicating where the newly replaced region is. More preferably, the temporary defect management information further includes information indicating whether the region in which the defect is generated is a single defect block or a continuous defect block in which a physically continuous defect is generated. The temporary defect management information is information for managing the temporary defect information and includes information for indicating a location where the temporary defect information is recorded. Detailed data structures of the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information will be described later.

In this embodiment, the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information are recorded each time the recording operation ends. In the temporary defect management area, information on defects occurring in the data recorded during recording operation # 0 and information on the replacement area is recorded as temporary defect information # 0, and data recorded while recording operation # 1 is performed. The information on the defect and the information on the replacement area generated in " n " Further, in the temporary defect management area, management information for managing the temporary defect information # 0, # 1, ..., that is, information indicating the position where the temporary defect information # 0, # 1, ... is recorded, respectively, is contained in the temporary defect management information # 0, # 1, ... are recorded. If data can no longer be written to the data area or if you no longer want to write data to the data area, that is, when finalizing, the defect information that was recorded in the temporary defect information area and the temporary defect management information area will be deleted. The defect management information that has been recorded is finally recorded in the defect management area.

The reason for recording the temporary defect information and the temporary defect information again in the defect management area is as follows. When data is no longer needed to be recorded on the disc (finalizing), the recording or reproducing apparatus is moved by moving the last meaningful information of the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect information updated and recorded several times to the defect management area. This is because in the future, when the defect management information is read from the disk, only the last meaningful information can be read from the defect management area so that it can be initialized faster. By recording the defect management information in a plurality of places, the reliability of the information can be improved. This is because there is an advantage.

In the present embodiment, any temporary defect information #i is not accumulated cumulative defect information recorded in the previous temporary defect information # 0, # 1, # 2, ..., # i-1, and corresponding recording operation # Only information about defects that occurred in the recorded area while i is performed is recorded. More specifically, the temporary defect information # 0 records information about a defect that occurred while the recording operation # 0 is performed, and the temporary defect information # 1 records information about a defect that occurred during the recording operation # 0. Instead, only defect information on defects that occurred while recording operation # 1 is performed is recorded. Therefore, the recording space of the temporary defect management area can be used efficiently. In other words, the lead-in area (or the lead-out area or the outer area) provided with the temporary defect management area has a very small recording space compared with the data area in which user data is recorded. However, if the defect information of the previous recording operation is accumulated cumulatively every time the recording operation is performed, the temporary defect management area may be exhausted before all the data areas are used. In the present invention, only defect information of a corresponding recording operation is recorded as temporary defect information. However, when finalizing, all defect information recorded in the temporary defect information # 0, # 1, # 2, ..., #i recorded so far must be read and recorded again in the defect management area.

An area in which the temporary defect management information #i is recorded is preferably about 1 cluster in the case of a disk capable of recording a high density of tens of gigabytes, and an area in which the temporary defect information #i is recorded is preferably allocated about 4-8 clusters. This is because the size of the information recorded as the temporary defect information #i is only a few KBytes, but when the minimum physical recording unit of the disk is a cluster, it is preferable to record in cluster units in order to record new information for updating. . On the other hand, the total amount of defects allowed for the disk is preferably about 5 percent of the disk recording capacity. In this case, about 8 bytes of information are needed to record information about one defect, and considering that the size of the cluster is 64K bytes, approximately 4-8 clusters are needed for temporary defect information #i.

Meanwhile, post-recording verification may also be performed for the temporary defect information #i and the temporary defect management information #i, respectively. When a defect is generated, the information recorded in the portion where the defect is generated may be re-recorded in the spare area according to the linear replacement method, or may be re-recorded in the adjacent area of the temporary defect management area according to the skip substitution method.

FIG. 3B shows an embodiment of the temporary defect management area and the defect management area of FIG. 3A.

Referring to FIG. 3B, two defect management areas (DMAs) 1 and 2 exist in order to further improve the robustness of the defect management information and the defect information. Temporary Defect Management Area (TDMA) indicates a temporary defect management area. The Test area is an area for measuring data recording conditions, and the Drive and Disc information area is an area for recording information about a drive used for recording and / or playback and information about a disc. Buffer 1, 2, 3 Is an area prepared for the role of a buffer indicating a boundary between each area.

4A and 4B are data structure diagrams of a temporary defect management area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

4A shows an example of the data structure of the temporary defect management area.

4A, temporary defect information and temporary defect management information corresponding to each other are recorded in pairs in the temporary defect management area TDMA. In other words, temporary management information TDMA # 0, TDMA # 1, ... are sequentially recorded in the temporary defect management area from the front of the temporary defect management area. In the temporary management information TDMA # 0, TDMA # 1, ..., the temporary defect management information TDDS # 0, # 1, ..., and the temporary defect information TDFL # 0, # 1, ... respectively corresponding to each other are recorded twice. By recording twice, the reliability and robustness of the information is improved. In the temporary defect management information TDMA # 0, # 1, ..., the positional information about the corresponding temporary defect information TDFL # 0, # 1, ... is recorded. In particular, the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before is recorded. That is, in the temporary management information TDMA # 1, the temporary defect management information TDFL # 1 and the corresponding temporary defect management information TDDS # 1 are continuously recorded, and then the temporary defect information copy of TDFL # 1, which is recorded once again, is recorded and correspondingly, The defect management information copy of TDDS # 1 is recorded. The location information of TDFL # 1 is recorded in TDDS # 1, while the location information of copy of TDFL # 0, which is the previously recorded temporary defect information, is recorded, and the corresponding temporary defect information copy of TDFL # 1 is copied in TDDS # 1. While the positional information of # 1 is recorded, the positional information of the temporary defect information TDFL # 1 recorded immediately before is recorded. As such, by allowing the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before to be known, faster access is possible when reading the temporary defect information recorded so far at a time. On the other hand, the number of recordings of the temporary defect management information TDDS # 0, # 1 and the temporary defect information TDFL # 0, # 1 can be variously adjusted.

4B shows another example of the data structure of the temporary defect management area.

Referring to FIG. 4B, similarly to the case of FIG. 4A, temporary defect information and temporary defect management information corresponding to each other are recorded in pairs in the temporary defect management area, but the order in which the information is recorded is different. That is, in the temporary defect management area, temporary management information TDMA # 0, TDMA # 1, ... are sequentially recorded from the rear part of the temporary defect management area. In the temporary management information TDMA # 0, TDMA # 1, ..., the temporary defect management information TDDS # 0, # 1, ..., and the temporary defect information TDFL # 0, # 1, ... respectively corresponding to each other are recorded twice. By recording twice, the reliability and robustness of the information is improved. In the temporary defect management information TDMA # 0, # 1, ..., the positional information about the corresponding temporary defect information TDFL # 0, # 1, ... is recorded. In particular, the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before is recorded. That is, in the temporary management information TDMA # 1, the temporary defect management information TDFL # 1 and the corresponding temporary defect management information TDDS # 1 are continuously recorded, and then the temporary defect information copy of TDFL # 1, which is recorded once again, is recorded and correspondingly, The defect management information copy of TDDS # 1 is recorded. In TDDS # 1, the location information of TDFL # 1 is recorded, while the location information of the previously recorded temporary defect information copy of TDFL # 0 is recorded, and the copy of TDDS # 1 has corresponding temporary defect information copy of TDFL # While the position information of 1 is recorded, the position information of the temporary defect information TDFL # 1 recorded immediately before is recorded. As such, by allowing the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before to be known, faster access is possible when reading the temporary defect information recorded so far at a time.

5A is a data structure diagram of TDDS #i.

Referring to FIG. 5A, any temporary defect management information TDDS #i includes an identifier of TDDS #i, a pointer indicating a position where the temporary defect information copy of TDFL # i-1 recorded immediately before, and a corresponding temporary defect. A pointer indicating the location where the information TDFL #i is recorded is stored.

5B is a data structure diagram of copy of TDDS #i.

Referring to FIG. 5B, the repeatedly recorded temporary defect management information copy of TDDS #i includes an identifier of a copy of TDDS #i, a pointer indicating a position where the temporary defect information TDFL #i recorded immediately before, and repeated to correspond. Recorded temporary defect information Stores a pointer to the location where the copy of TDFL #i was recorded.

6 is a data structure diagram of TDFL #i.

Referring to FIG. 6, any temporary defect information TDFL #i stores information about a defect generated in recording operation #i corresponding to the identifier of TDFL #i. In other words, information on a defect that occurred in the previous recording operations # 0, # 1, ..., # i-1 is not stored. The information about the defect may include information indicating where the defect is generated and where the replaced part is, and may further include status information indicating whether the portion is a single defect block or a continuous defect block. The detailed data structure of the information about the defect will be described later.

FIG. 7 is a reference diagram for describing in more detail a process of writing data in a user data area A and a spare area B according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The unit for processing data may be divided into sectors and clusters. A sector is a minimal unit that can manage data in a computer's file system or application program. A cluster is a minimum unit that can be physically recorded on a disk at one time. Typically, one or more sectors make up a cluster.

Sectors are divided into physical sectors and logical sectors. The physical sector means space for recording one sector of data on the disk. The address for finding a physical sector is called a physical sector number (PSN). The logical sector refers to a sector unit for managing data in a file system or an application program. Similarly, a logical sector number (LSN) is given. A device that records and plays data on a disc finds a location on the disc of data to be recorded or reproduced using a physical sector number. A computer or application for recording or playing data manages the entire data in logical sector units. The data position is also found by the logical sector number. The relationship between the logical sector number and the physical sector number is mapped by the control unit of the recording or reproducing apparatus using a defect status and a recording start position.

Referring to FIG. 7, A means a user data area, and B means a spare area. In the user data area and the spare area, there are a plurality of physical sectors (not shown) to which physical sector numbers are sequentially assigned. The logical sector number is given in at least one physical sector unit. However, since the logical sector number is assigned to include the spare area except the defective area generated in the user data area where the defect has occurred, even if the physical sector and the logical sector have the same size, the defective area occurs. The physical sector number and logical sector number do not match.

The method of recording the user data in the user data area is by a continuous recording mode or a random recording mode. In the continuous recording mode, the user data is sequentially recorded in succession, and the random recording mode is not necessarily continuous but in random recording. ① to ⑦ respectively indicate a unit in which a verification operation is performed after recording. The recording device records the user data by the interval ① and then returns to the first part of the interval ① to check whether the data is recorded correctly or whether a defect has occurred. If a part where a defect occurs is found, the part is designated as a defect area. Thus, defect # 1, which is a defect area, is designated. The recording apparatus also records the data recorded in the defect # 1 again in the spare area. The part where the data recorded in the defect # 1 is rewritten is called replacement # 1. Next, the recording apparatus records the user data for the interval ② and then returns to the first part of the interval ② again to check whether the data is properly recorded or whether a defect has occurred. If a defective part is found, that part is designated as defect # 2. In a similar manner, replacement # 2 corresponding to defect # 2 is generated. In addition, defect # 3 and replacement # 3, which are defective areas, are generated in the section ③. In section ④, no part where a defect occurred is found and there is no defect area.

After recording and verifying up to interval ④, and when the end of recording operation # 0 is predicted (when the user presses the eject button or completes the recording of the user data assigned to the recording operation), the recorder records temporary defect information # 0, ie TDFL # 0. As a result, information about defects # 1, # 2, and # 3, which are defect areas generated in sections 1 to 4, is recorded in the temporary defect management area. In addition, management information for managing TDFL # 0 is recorded in the temporary defect management area as TDDS # 0.

When recording operation # 1 starts, data is recorded in the same manner up to sections ⑤ through ⑦ and defects # 4, # 5 and replacements # 4, # 5 are generated. When the end of the recording operation # 1 is predicted, the recording apparatus records the information regarding the defects # 4 and # 5 as the temporary defect information # 1, that is, the TDFL # 1. Similarly, defect management information for managing TDFL # 1 is recorded in the temporary defect management area as TDDS # 1.

FIG. 8 is a data structure diagram of TDFL # 0 and TDFL # 1, which are temporary defect information recorded according to FIG.

Referring to FIG. 8, information about a defect generated in the recording operation # 0 is recorded in the TDFL # 0. That is, information regarding defect # 1, information about defect # 2, and information about defect # 3 are recorded. The information about the defect # 1 refers to information indicating where the portion where the defect # 1 has occurred is located and information indicating where the portion where the replacement # 1 is recorded is located. Information about defect # 2 tells you where the part where defect # 2 occurred is located, and where it tells you where the replacement # 2 is recorded, and information about defect # 3 shows defect # 3. Information indicating where the marked part is located and information indicating where the recorded part # 3 is located.

In the temporary defect information TDFL # 1, only information on defects generated in the recording operation # 1 is recorded. That is, information about defect # 4 and even information about defect # 5 are recorded.

As such, only the information about the defects generated in the corresponding recording operation is recorded in the temporary defect information according to the present invention. Therefore, in consideration of the need to read all the temporary defect information recorded so far in the temporary defect management area and write it back to the defect management area during finalizing, the corresponding temporary defect as described above with reference to FIGS. 4A, 4B and 5; The management information stores not only the positional information about the corresponding temporary defect information, but also the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before the corresponding temporary defect information. This enables faster access when all temporary defect information recorded so far has to be read.

9 is a data structure diagram of defect #i.

Referring to FIG. 9, in this embodiment, the information on defect #i includes a pointer pointing to defect #i and a pointer pointing to replacement #i. Furthermore, it may further include state information indicating whether the defect #i is a continuous defect block or a single defect block. Status information indicates whether or not the recording is optional and indicates whether defect #i is a contiguous defect block or a single defect block, and in the case of contiguous defect blocks, the corresponding defect #i pointer indicates the start or end of the contiguous defect block. Furthermore, it indicates whether the replacement #i pointer points to the beginning or the end of the replacement block replacing defect #i. For example, if the status information indicates the start, the subsequent defect #i pointer is the memory sector number at which the consecutive defect blocks start, and the replacement #i pointer indicates the physical sector number at which the replacement #i starts. If the status information indicates that the end of the defect #i pointer is a contiguous sector number ends the consecutive defect block, the replacement # i pointer indicates the physical sector number ending the replacement # i. By defining continuous defect blocks in which two or more blocks are defective through state information, it is not necessary to record information on defects on a block-by-block basis, so that information recording efficiency and recording space can be saved. Here, a block means a logical unit for recording data.

The fault #i pointer indicates where the fault #i starts and / or ends. For example, the defect #i pointer may include the physical sector number where defect #i begins. The alternate #i pointer indicates where the alternate #i begins and / or where the alternate #i ends. For example, it may include the physical sector number where the replacement #i begins.

Referring to the defect management method according to the present invention based on the above configuration as follows.

10 is a flowchart for explaining a defect management method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to Fig. 10, the recording apparatus records only defect information on data recorded according to the first recording operation in the temporary defect management area as the first temporary defect information, in order to manage the defect of the disc (step 1001). In addition, management information for managing the first temporary defect information is recorded in the temporary defect management area as the first defect management information (step 1002). Until the finalizing is performed (step 1003), the steps 1001 to 1002 are repeated with the ordinal numbers added to the recording operation, the temporary defect information, and the temporary defect management information increased by one (step 1004). When finalizing is performed (step 1003), the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect information recorded so far are all read and recorded in the defect management area (step 1005). That is, the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect information recorded so far are recorded in the defect management area as the final defect management information and the final defect information all at once. The final defect information and the final defect management information can be recorded repeatedly. This is to improve the reliability of data detection. In addition, the final defect information and the final defect management information are also recorded and verified, and when a defect is generated, all the data recorded after the defect is generated after the defect is ignored (all designated as the defect area), and the defect area. It is also possible to record the remaining final defect information and the final defect management information after the designation.

11 is a flowchart for explaining a defect management method according to another exemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 11, in operation 1101, a recording apparatus records user data in a data area in a unit in which verification after recording is performed. Next, the data recorded in step 1101 is verified to find a portion where a defect occurs (step 1102). The control unit 2 designates the defective area as the defective area, writes the data recorded in the defective area back to the spare area to generate a replacement area, and then points to the defective and replaced area. The information is generated (step 1103) and stored in the memory unit 3 as first temporary defect information (step 1104). At this time, state information indicating whether the defect area is a single defect block or a continuous defect block can be further generated and stored together as first temporary defect information. Steps 1101 to 1104 are repeated until the end of the recording operation is predicted (step 1105).

If the recording of the user data according to the user input or recording operation is completed and the end of the recording operation is predicted (step 1105), the control unit 2 of the recording apparatus reads the first temporary defect information stored in the memory unit 3 to determine the temporary defect. The first temporary defect information TDFL # 0 is recorded in the management area (step 1106), and the first temporary defect management information TDDS # 0 is twice recorded as management information for managing the TDFL # 0 immediately adjacent to the TDFL # 0. (Step 1107). Here, the recording frequency can be changed. Steps 1101 to 1107 are repeated until finalizing is performed (step 1108). Each time the steps 1101 to 1107 are repeated, the ordinal number added to the temporary defect information TDFL and the temporary defect management information TDDS is increased by one (step 1109). However, the temporary defect information TDFL # 1 only records information about defects that occurred in the corresponding recording operation # 1, but does not record information about defects that occurred in the previous recording operation # 0. Further, the temporary defect management information TDDS # 1 records not only the position information of the corresponding temporary defect information TDFL # 1 but also the position information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before.

When finalizing is performed (step 1108), the temporary defect information TDFL # 0, # 1, # i-1, #i and the temporary defect management information TDDS # 0, # 1, ..., # i- recorded so far 1 and #i are all read and recorded in the defect management area as the final defect information DFL and the final defect management information DDS at once (step 1110). The last defect information DFL and the last defect management information DDS can be repeatedly recorded a plurality of times in recording in the defect management area. This is to improve the reliability of data detection. Similarly, the final defect information and the final defect management information are recorded and verified, and if a defect occurs, all data recorded after the defect is generated after the defect is ignored (all designated as defect areas), and the defect area. It is also possible to record the remaining final defect information and the last defect management information after the designation as.

As described above, the present invention provides a defect management method applicable to a write once disc. Place the temporary defect information area in the lead-in area and / or the lead-out area to record the information on the defect so as to correspond to the recording operation, and then display all the information on the defect recorded in the temporary defect information area during finalizing The defect management area can be used efficiently by reading and writing to the defect management area at once. In particular, the temporary defect management information records not only the location information of the corresponding temporary defect information but also the location information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before, so that all temporary defect information recorded so far can be read more quickly. To make sure. Accordingly, even in the case of write once disk, defect management is performed while recording user data, thereby enabling a more stable backup operation without interruption of work.

In particular, by recording information about defects in units of recording operations in the temporary defect information area, a relatively large amount of space is required in the temporary defect information area because recording space is reduced in comparison with recording of defect information cumulatively for each recording operation. It is possible to smoothly manage defects in the data area without allocating the data.

Claims (28)

In a single recording layer write once disc in which a lead-in area, a data area and a lead-out area are sequentially arranged, A defect management area provided in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area; And A temporary defect management area provided in at least one of the lead-in area and the lead-out area, The temporary defect management area is an area for recording temporary defect information for notifying only information about a defect generated in a corresponding recording operation and temporary defect management information for notifying information for managing the temporary defect information. And wherein the defect management area is an area for recording temporary defect information and temporary defect management information recorded in the temporary defect management area as defect information and defect management information, respectively, during finalizing. Write once having a first recording layer in which the lead-in area, the data area and the lead-out area are sequentially arranged, and a second recording layer in which the outer area, the data area and the lead-out area are sequentially arranged. ) Disk, A defect management area provided in at least one of the lead-in area, lead-out area, and outer area; And A temporary defect management area provided in at least one of the lead-in area, the lead-out area, and the outer area; The temporary defect management area is an area for recording temporary defect information for notifying only information about a defect generated in a corresponding recording operation and temporary defect management information for notifying information for managing the temporary defect information. And wherein the defect management area is an area for recording temporary defect information and temporary defect management information recorded in the temporary defect management area as defect information and defect management information, respectively, during finalizing. The method according to claim 1 or 2, And a plurality of defect management areas exist in one area. The method according to claim 1 or 2, And the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect management information are recorded in pairs adjacent to the temporary defect management area. The method of claim 4, wherein Wherein the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information are recorded a plurality of times, and the temporary defect management information includes information indicating a position where corresponding temporary defect information is recorded. The method of claim 4, wherein And the temporary defect management information includes information indicating a position of temporary defect information recorded immediately before. The method according to claim 1 or 2, And wherein the temporary defect information includes a pointer indicating a location of a defect and a pointer indicating a location of a replacement. The method of claim 7, wherein And the temporary defect information further includes status information indicating whether the defect is a continuous defect block or a single defect block. The method of claim 8, The status information is information indicating that the defect is a contiguous defect block and that the corresponding defect position pointer and the replacement position pointer indicate the start position of the defect and the start position of the replacement, respectively. The method of claim 8, The status information is information indicating that the defect is a contiguous defect block and that the corresponding defect position pointer and the replacement position pointer indicate the end position of the defect and the end position of the replacement, respectively. In the method of managing a disk defect, (a) First temporary defect information in a temporary defect management area provided in at least one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area of the disc, only defect information on data recorded according to a first recording operation in the data area of the disc; Recording with; (b) recording management information for managing the first temporary defect information as first temporary defect management information in the temporary defect management area; (c) repeating steps (a) to (b) at least once by incrementing the ordinal number added to the recording operation, the temporary defect information, and the temporary defect management information by one; And (d) reading all the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect information recorded so far and recording them in a defect management area provided in at least one of a lead-in area, a lead-out area and an outer area of the disc; Characteristic defect management method. The method of claim 11, And the step (d) is performed after recording the data according to the last recording operation in the data area. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein Steps (a) and (b) And recording the pair of temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information so as to be adjacent to each other and sequentially recording from the front of the temporary defect information area. The method of claim 13, The step (a) is characterized in that the step (b) is a step of repeatedly recording the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information a plurality of times. The method of claim 13, Wherein the step (b) records the positional information of the corresponding temporary defect information as the temporary defect management information and the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before the corresponding temporary defect information. . The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein Steps (a) and (b) And temporarily recording the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information so as to be adjacent to each other and sequentially recording from the rear part of the temporary defect information area. The method of claim 16, (A) and (b) are steps of repeatedly recording the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information a plurality of times. The method of claim 16, Wherein the step (b) records the positional information of the corresponding temporary defect information as the temporary defect management information and the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before the corresponding temporary defect information. . The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein Step (a) is (a1) recording data in a predetermined unit; (a2) verifying the recorded data to find out where the defect occurred; (a3) storing information indicating a defective area in a portion where a defect has occurred and information indicating a replacement area replacing the defective area in the memory as the first temporary defect information; (a4) repeating steps (a1) to (a3) at least once; And and (a5) reading the information stored in the memory and recording the first temporary defect information in the temporary defect management area when the recording operation is terminated. In the recording device A recording / reading unit for recording or reading data on the disc; And Recording defect information into a temporary defect management area provided in at least one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area of the disk as recording operation units in a data operation area of the disk, and for managing the temporary defect information. And a control unit which controls the recording / reading unit to record management information as temporary defect management information in the temporary defect management area. The method of claim 20, And the control unit controls the recording / reading unit to record corresponding temporary defect information and temporary defect management information in pairs adjacent to each other. The method of claim 20, The control unit records the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information in the temporary defect management area on a recording operation basis, and reads all the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information recorded so far during finalizing and reads the disc. And the recording / reading section is controlled to record in a defect management area provided in at least one of a -in area and a lead-out area. In the recording apparatus, A recording / reading unit for recording or reading data on the disc; And Only defect information on data recorded according to a first recording operation in a data area of the disc is recorded as first temporary defect information in a temporary defect management area provided in any one of a lead-in area and a lead-out area of the disc. Recording defect management information for managing the first temporary defect information as first temporary defect management information in the temporary defect management area, and adding ordinal numbers added to the recording operation, the temporary defect information, and the temporary defect management information. The recording / reading unit controls the recording / reading unit to record data in the data area in increments of 1, and reads the temporary defect management information and the temporary defect information recorded so far and records the data in the defect management area during finalizing. Apparatus comprising a control unit for controlling. The method of claim 23, wherein The control unit records data according to the last recording operation in the data area, and then reads the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information recorded so far, respectively, as lead-in area and lead of the disc as final defect management information and final defect information, respectively. And the recording / reading section is controlled to record in the defect management area provided in at least one of an out area and an outer area. The method of claim 23, wherein The control unit And the recording / reading unit controls the recording / reading unit to sequentially record the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information corresponding to each other in the temporary defect management area sequentially from the front of the temporary defect management area. The method of claim 23, wherein The control unit And the recording / reading unit controls the temporary defect information and the temporary defect management information corresponding to each other in the temporary defect management area to be sequentially recorded from the rear part of the temporary defect management area. The method of claim 25 or 26, The control unit And the recording / reading unit controls to record the positional information of the temporary defect information corresponding to the temporary defect management information and the positional information of the temporary defect information recorded immediately before the corresponding temporary defect information. The method of claim 23, wherein Further comprising a memory unit, The control unit The recording / reading unit is controlled to record data according to a predetermined recording operation in a predetermined unit, the recorded data is verified to find a portion where a defect occurs, and information indicating a portion where a defect occurs and a portion where the defect occurs Generate the information indicating a portion to replace the data stored in the memory unit as temporary defect information, and control the recording / reading unit to record data according to the recording operation in a predetermined unit after the defective area; And all temporary data stored in the memory unit is read and recorded in the temporary defect management area and then written to the recording / reading unit.