KR20030069299A - Adaptive modulation and coding method for mobile communication system - Google Patents
Adaptive modulation and coding method for mobile communication system Download PDFInfo
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- KR20030069299A KR20030069299A KR1020020008793A KR20020008793A KR20030069299A KR 20030069299 A KR20030069299 A KR 20030069299A KR 1020020008793 A KR1020020008793 A KR 1020020008793A KR 20020008793 A KR20020008793 A KR 20020008793A KR 20030069299 A KR20030069299 A KR 20030069299A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0009—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the channel coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
- H04L1/06—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception using space diversity
- H04L1/0618—Space-time coding
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Abstract
Description
본 발명은 이동통신 시스템의 적응형 변조 및 코딩 방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 넓은 주파수 대역과 고속 데이터 통신을 요구하는 4세대 이동통신에서, 변화하는 채널 환경에 적응적(Adaptive)으로 대응하여 그에 적합하도록 AMC(Adaptive Modulation Coding)와 STC(Space Time Coding)를 병행하여 수행하는, 이동통신 시스템의 적응형 변조 및 코딩 방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an adaptive modulation and coding method of a mobile communication system, and in particular, in a fourth generation mobile communication requiring a wide frequency band and high-speed data communication, it is possible to adapt and adapt to a changing channel environment. The present invention relates to an adaptive modulation and coding method of a mobile communication system, which performs AMC (Space Modulation Coding) and STC (Space Time Coding) in parallel.
종래의 이동통신 시스템에서는 채널 환경을 전혀 고려하지 않고, 변조(Modulation) 및 코딩(Coding) 방식을 고정하거나, 변조 및 코딩 방식을 가변 할 수 있더라도 채널 환경을 고려하여, 그에 적응적으로 가변하는 것이 아니기 때문에 반송파/간섭(Carrier/Interference) 측면에서 드루풋(Throughput), MSE(Mean Square Error) 및 BER(Bit Error Rate)을 최적화하지 못하는 문제점이 있었다.In the conventional mobile communication system, even though the modulation and coding schemes may be fixed or the modulation and coding schemes may be changed without considering the channel environment at all, the mobile communication system may be adaptively changed in consideration of the channel environment. Since the carrier / interference (carrier / interference) in terms of throughput (throughput), MSE (Mean Square Error) and BER (Bit Error Rate) was not able to optimize the problem.
따라서, 본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 창출한 것으로, 넓은 주파수 대역과 고속 데이터 통신을 요구하는 4세대 이동통신에서, 변화하는 채널 환경에 적응적(Adaptive)으로 대응하여 그에 적합하도록 AMC(Adaptive Modulation Coding)와 STC(Space Time Coding)를 병행하여 수행하는, 이동통신 시스템의 적응형 변조 및 코딩 방법을 제공함에 그 목적이 있다.Accordingly, the present invention has been created to solve the above-mentioned problems. In the fourth generation mobile communication requiring wide frequency band and high speed data communication, the present invention is adaptively adapted to the changing channel environment. An object of the present invention is to provide an adaptive modulation and coding method of a mobile communication system, which performs AMC (Space Modulation Coding) and STC (Space Time Coding) in parallel.
이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은, 이동통신 시스템에 있어서, 업링크(또는, 다운링크) 데이터를 전송하여 그 수신단에서 업링크(다운링크) 채널에 대한 환경을 분석하는 제1단계와; 상기 분석한 업링크(다운링크) 채널 환경에 대한 파라미터(Throughput, MSE, BER 등)를 송신측으로 전송하는 제2단계와; 상기 수신측으로부터 전송받은 파라미터에 의해 채널 환경에 적합하도록 AMC(Adaptive Modulation Coding)와 STC(Space Time Coding)를 조정하여, 데이터를 업링크(다운링크) 전송하는 제3단계로 이루어진 것을 특징으로 한다.According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mobile communication system comprising: a first step of transmitting uplink (or downlink) data and analyzing an environment for an uplink (downlink) channel at a receiving end thereof; A second step of transmitting parameters (Throughput, MSE, BER, etc.) for the analyzed uplink (downlink) channel environment to a transmitting side; And a third step of adjusting uplink (downlink) data by adjusting AMC (Space Modulation Coding) and STC (Space Time Coding) to suit the channel environment according to the parameter received from the receiver. .
도 1은 본 발명에 의한 업링크(UL)와 다운링크(DL)시의 AMC와 STC의 동작 설명을 위한 예시도.1 is an exemplary view for explaining the operation of the AMC and STC during uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) according to the present invention.
본 발명에서 4세대 이동통신이란, 아날로그 이동전화를 1세대, 현재 사용중인 디지털 이동전화를 2세대, 차세대 이동통신이라 부르는 IMT-2000을 3세대 이동통신 서비스라고 할 때, 그 뒤를 잇는 통신서비스로서 하나의 단말기로 위성망, 무선랜(LAN), 인터넷망 등을 모두 사용할 수 있는 이동통신 서비스이다.In the present invention, the fourth generation mobile communication refers to an IMT-2000 called an analog mobile phone as a first generation, a digital mobile phone currently being used as a second generation, and a next generation mobile communication as a third generation mobile communication service. It is a mobile communication service that can use a satellite network, a wireless LAN (LAN), an internet network, etc. all with one terminal.
즉, 음성, 화상, 멀티미디어(음성·화상·데이터), 인터넷데이터, 음성메일, 인스턴트메시지(IM) 등의 모든 서비스를 이동전화 하나로 해결할 수 있는 서비스이다.In other words, all services such as voice, image, multimedia (voice, image, data), internet data, voice mail, instant message (IM), etc. can be solved with one mobile phone.
가령, 외부에서 이동통신 단말기를 통해 집이나 사무실의 가전제품을 작동하는 등의 서비스도 자유자재로 이루어진다. 즉, 유·무선망이 실질적으로 통합돼 개인의 이동성이 극대화되는 것이다.For example, services such as operating home appliances in homes or offices through mobile communication terminals are also freely available. In other words, wired and wireless networks are effectively integrated to maximize individual mobility.
다시 말해, 현재 3세대 이동통신 서비스(IMT-2000)가 고속 멀티미디어 서비스라면, 4세대는 초고속 멀티미디어 서비스라고 할 수 있다.In other words, if the current third generation mobile communication service (IMT-2000) is a high speed multimedia service, the fourth generation may be referred to as a high speed multimedia service.
IMT-2000의 최대 전송속도는 정지상태에서 2Mbps이지만, 4세대는 10배 이상인 20Mbps를 목표로 하며, 주파수는 IMT-2000이 2GHz 대역을 쓰고, 4세대는 아직 확정되지 않았지만 3~60GHz 가운데 특정대역을 사용하게 된다.The maximum transmission speed of IMT-2000 is 2Mbps in the stationary state, but the 4th generation aims at 20Mbps which is more than 10 times, and the frequency is IMT-2000 using 2GHz band, and the 4th generation is not determined yet, but specific band among 3 ~ 60GHz Will be used.
또한, IMT-2000이 교환기인 ATM(비동기전송모드) 기반인 데 반해, 4세대는 인터넷 프로토콜(IP), 즉 라우터를 기반으로 한다.In addition, while IMT-2000 is based on ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), the fourth generation is based on Internet Protocol (IP), that is, router.
참고적으로, 4세대 이동통신서비스를 위해 무선부문에서 고주파수 대역이 요구되는 대신, 교환기나 기지국 등 네트워크 부문에서는 `올 아이피(All IP)'화가 필요하다.For reference, instead of requiring high-frequency bands in the wireless sector for 4G mobile telecommunications services, 'All IP' is needed in the network sector such as exchanges and base stations.
올 아이피화란, 이동통신의 모든 네트워크를 인터넷 프로토콜 기반으로 바꾼다는 뜻이다. 올 아이피화가 이루어지면 이동통신 가입자도 유선 인터넷과 같은 수준의 인터넷 서비스를 받을 수 있다.All IP means to change all networks of mobile communication based on internet protocol. When all IPs are made, mobile subscribers can receive the same level of Internet service as wired Internet.
통신방식도 서킷방식(한 통화당 하나의 회선을 반드시 부여하는)에서 패킷방식(음성과 데이터를 일정한 묶음으로 끊어 한 회선을 여러명이 공유하는)으로 바뀌어 교환효율이 9배 이상 높아진다.The communication method is also changed from the circuit method (which necessarily assigns one line to each call) to the packet method (which is shared by several people by breaking down voice and data in a certain bundle), thereby increasing exchange efficiency more than nine times.
현재의 IMT-2000은 올 아이피화의 1단계로 평가되는데, 무선교환기끼리 즉 핵심 네트워크만을 아이피(IP)화하는 것이고, 2단계는 교환기와 기지국, 3단계는 기지국과 이용자까지 모든 연결을 아이피화하는 상태를 말한다.The current IMT-2000 is evaluated as the first stage of the all-IP, where the wireless exchanges, that is, the IPs are only IP, and the second stage is the IP-switching of all connections from the exchange and the base station to the base station and the user. Say state.
상기와 같은 이동통신 시스템에서 다양한 채널조건을 보상하기 위해, 송신단의 전송 변수들을 수정하는 기법을 링크 적응 기법(Link Adaptation) 이라고 하는데, 그 중의 한가지 방법으로서 AMC(Adaptive Modulation Coding)가 있는데, 상기 AMC는 제한된 시스템 환경에서 다양한 채널조건에 따라 변조와 코딩 기법을 조정하는 것이다.In order to compensate for various channel conditions in the mobile communication system as described above, a technique of modifying transmission variables of a transmitter is called a link adaptation technique. One of these methods is AMC (Adaptive Modulation Coding). In the limited system environment, the modulation and coding scheme is adjusted according to various channel conditions.
상기 채널조건은 수신단의 피드백에 의해 예측되고, 좋은 통신 환경에 있는 사용자에게는 하이 코드 레이트(higher code rate)와 하이 오더 모듈레이션(higher order modulation)을 적용하여 높은 데이터 레이트를 가능하게 하고, 열악한 통신 환경에 있는 사용자에게는 로우 코드 레이트(Lower code rate)와 로우 오더 모듈레이션(Lower order modulation)을 적용하여 품질(Quality)을 보장함으로써, 시스템의 전송효율을 좋게 하는 방법이다.The channel condition is predicted by the feedback of the receiver, and the user in a good communication environment enables a high data rate by applying a high code rate and a high order modulation, and in a poor communication environment. In order to ensure the quality of the system by applying the low code rate (lower code rate) and low order modulation (low order modulation) to the user in the system to improve the transmission efficiency.
즉, AMC의 변조 방법으로는 QPSK, 8-PSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 등이 있고, 코딩 방법으로는 잉여 비트(Redundancy bit)를 섞는 비율에 따라서 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, 1/4 등 다양한 방법이 있는데, 통신 환경이 열악할수록 QPSK 변조 방식과 1/4의 낮은 데이터 레이트로 코딩을 하게 되며, 통신 환경이 좋을수록 64QAM과 1/2의 높은 데이터 레이트로 코딩을 하게 되는 것이다.In other words, AMC modulation methods include QPSK, 8-PSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM, and coding methods include 1/2, 1/3, 2/3, and 1 / depending on the rate at which redundancy bits are mixed. There are various methods such as 4, and the poorer the communication environment, the higher the QPSK modulation scheme and the low data rate coding of 1/4. The better the communication environment, the higher the code rate of 64QAM and 1/2 the higher coding rate.
따라서, 상기와 같은 AMC를 이용하는 방법은 안정적인 데이터 전송을 위한 것으로, 통신 환경이 좋을 경우에는 데이터 전송율도 높지만, 반대로 통신 환경이 않좋을 때에는 데이터 전송율도 떨어지게 되어, 환경 변화에 따라 전송 효율이 급격히 변하게 되는 문제점이 있다.Therefore, the method using the AMC is for stable data transmission. When the communication environment is good, the data transmission rate is high. On the contrary, when the communication environment is not good, the data transmission rate is also lowered. There is a problem.
또한, 종래에 안정적인 데이터 전송을 위한 다른 방법으로, 일종의 안테나 다이버시티 효과를 얻기 위한 STC(Space-Time Coding)가 있다.In addition, another method for stable data transmission in the related art is STC (Space-Time Coding) for obtaining a kind of antenna diversity effect.
이는, 다중 안테나를 사용하는 송신 시스템에서, 각 전송 경로에 따른 채널의 독립적인 특성을 이용해 채널 용량과 다이버시티 이득을 얻는 방식으로서, 엔코딩 데이터를 N개의 스트림으로 나누어 N개의 송신 안테나로 동시에 전송함으로써, 전송시간 단축 등 시간적 이득을 얻을 수 있다.In a transmission system using multiple antennas, a channel capacity and diversity gain are obtained by using independent characteristics of channels according to transmission paths. The encoding data is divided into N streams and transmitted to N transmission antennas simultaneously. Time gains, such as a shorter transmission time.
그러나, 상기 STC에 의한 방법은 AMC에 의한 방법과는 다르게 데이터 전송 레이트가 고정된 것으로, N개의 송신 안테나에 의해 다중 경로로 데이터를 전송함으로써, 어느 한쪽의 경로를 통해 전송된 데이터에 오류가 있을 경우, 다른 쪽의 경로로 전송된 데이터를 이용하여 복원 하는 방법으로, 안정적으로 데이터를 전송할 수 있지만, 역시 통신 환경 변화에 따라 그에 적응적으로 대응하여, 보다 높은 전송 효율을 낼 수는 없는 문제점이 있다.However, the method using the STC has a fixed data transmission rate unlike the method using the AMC, and there is an error in data transmitted through either path by transmitting data in multiple paths by N transmit antennas. In this case, the data can be stably transmitted by restoring the data transmitted through the other path. However, there is also a problem in that the transmission environment can not be adaptively responded to according to the change of the communication environment, thereby resulting in higher transmission efficiency. have.
다시 말해, 본 발명은 상기와 같이 통신 환경이 않좋을 경우 전송 효율이 급격히 떨어지는 AMC의 문제점을 개선하고, 통신 환경이 좋을 경우에도 데이터 전송율이 더 높게 가변되지 않음으로써 전송 효율을 높이지 못하는 STC의 문제점을 개선하기 위한 것이다.In other words, the present invention improves the problem of AMC in which the transmission efficiency drops sharply when the communication environment is poor as described above, and does not increase the transmission efficiency by increasing the data transmission rate even when the communication environment is good. It is to improve the problem.
상기와 같은 문제점을 개선하기 위한 본 발명은, 도1에 도시된 바와 같이 상기 두 가지 방법(AMT, STC)을 서로 보완하여, 통신 환경이 좋지 않을 경우에도 데이터 전송 레이트를 저하시키지 않으면서, 다중 송신 경로를 통해 안정적으로 송신할 수 있도록 하고, 통신 환경이 좋을 경우에는 데이터 전송 레이트를 최고로 높여 데이터 전송 효율을 높일 수 있도록 한 것이다.The present invention for improving the above problems, as shown in Figure 1 by complementing the two methods (AMT, STC) to each other, even if the communication environment is not good, without reducing the data transmission rate, In order to transmit data stably through the transmission path, and in a good communication environment, it is possible to increase the data transmission efficiency by increasing the data transmission rate to the highest.
도1의 (a)와 (b)는 각각 본 발명에 의한 업링크(UL)와 다운링크(DL)시의 AMC와 STC의 동작 설명을 위한 예시도로서, DL(Down Link) 채널/UL(Up Link) 채널은 기본적으로 데이터가 비대칭(Asymmetric)으로 동작하며, FDD(Frequency DivisionDuplex)인 경우 주파수도 다르므로 각각 분석해야 한다.1 (a) and (b) are exemplary diagrams for explaining the operation of AMC and STC during uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) according to the present invention, respectively. The uplink channel is basically asymmetrical in data, and in the case of frequency division duplex (FDD), the frequency is also different.
먼저, 도1의 (a)를 참조하면 AMC와 STC을 이용해 데이터를 업링크로 보내면, 수신단에서 업링크 채널 환경을 분석한다.First, referring to FIG. 1 (a), when data is sent to the uplink using AMC and STC, the receiver analyzes the uplink channel environment.
다음, 상기 수신단에서 분석한 업링크 채널 환경의 파라미터(Throughput, MSE, BER 등)를 전송받아, 이후로는 그 채널 환경에 적합하도록 AMC+STC을 적용하여 데이터를 업링크 전송한다.Next, the receiver receives the parameters of the uplink channel environment (Throughput, MSE, BER, etc.) analyzed by the receiver, and then applies AMC + STC to suit the channel environment.
다음, 도1의 (b)를 참조하면 AMC와 STC을 이용해 데이터를 다운링크로 보내면, 수신단에서 다운링크 채널 환경을 분석한다.Next, referring to FIG. 1 (b), when data is sent to the downlink using AMC and STC, the receiving end analyzes the downlink channel environment.
다음, 상기 수신단에서 분석한 다운링크 채널 환경의 파라미터(Throughput, MSE, BER 등)를 전송받아, 이후로는 그 채널 환경에 적합하도록 AMC와 STC을 적용하여 데이터를 다운링크 전송한다.Next, the receiver receives the parameters of the downlink channel environment (Throughput, MSE, BER, etc.) analyzed, and then downlinks the data by applying AMC and STC to suit the channel environment.
이때, 상기와 같이 AMC와 STC를 적용하기 위해 고려할 사항으로, 안테나수, 심볼 맵핑 방법, 송신 파워, 단말기 이동속도 등이 있다.In this case, considerations for applying the AMC and the STC as described above include the number of antennas, a symbol mapping method, a transmission power, and a terminal moving speed.
가령, 64QAM 변조 방식으로 업/다운 링크 전송하던 상태에서 통신 환경이 불안정해질 경우, 종래의 방법에 의해서는 QPSK 변조 방식으로 변경할 수 밖에 없었으나, 본 발명에서는 STC 적응적으로 동작시켜 계속해서 64QAM 방식으로 전송할 수 있도록 함으로써, 전송 효율의 저하를 방지하게 된다.For example, if the communication environment becomes unstable in the uplink / downlink transmission using the 64QAM modulation method, the conventional method has to change to the QPSK modulation method. In this case, the transmission efficiency can be prevented from being lowered.
또한, STC 방식을 함께 적용해서도 에러율이 낮아지지 않을 경우, 16QAM 방식으로 변조 방식을 바꾸면 된다.If the error rate does not decrease even when the STC method is applied together, the modulation method may be changed to the 16QAM method.
즉, 종래에 단일 STC 방식을 적용할 경우, 일단 64QAM 방식으로 심볼 레이트가 결정되면 다른 방식으로 가변이 불가능하였으나, 본 발명에서는 AMC 방식을 함께 적용하여 통신 환경에 따라서 심볼 레이트를 적응적으로 가변함으로써, AMC 방식을 단일 적용하거나 STC 방식을 단일 적용하던 방법에 비하여, 통신 환경의 변화에 따른 영향을 덜 받고, 높은 데이터 전송 레이트로 지속적으로 전송이 가능하도록 한다.That is, in the case of applying the single STC scheme in the related art, once the symbol rate is determined in the 64QAM scheme, it is impossible to vary the scheme. However, in the present invention, the symbol rate is adaptively changed according to the communication environment by applying the AMC scheme together. Compared to a single AMC scheme or a single STC scheme, the AMC scheme is less susceptible to changes in the communication environment and can be continuously transmitted at a high data transmission rate.
이상에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명 이동통신 시스템의 적응형 변조 및 코딩 방법은, 넓은 주파수 대역과 고속 데이터 통신을 요구하는 4세대 이동통신에서, 변화하는 채널 환경에 적응적(Adaptive)으로 대응하여 그에 적합하도록 AMC(Adaptive Modulation Coding)와 STC(Space Time Coding)를 병행하여 수행함으로써, 통신 환경이 좋지 않을 경우에도 데이터 전송 레이트를 저하시키지 않고, 다중 경로를 통해 안정적으로 송신할 수 있도록 하고, 통신 환경이 좋을 경우에는 데이터 전송 레이트를 최고로 높여 데이터 전송 효율을 높일 수 있도록 하는 효과가 있다.As described above, the adaptive modulation and coding method of the mobile communication system of the present invention is adaptive to and adapts to a changing channel environment in a fourth generation mobile communication requiring a wide frequency band and high-speed data communication. By performing AMC (Adaptive Modulation Coding) and STC (Space Time Coding) in parallel, the transmission environment can be stably transmitted through multiple paths without degrading the data transmission rate even when the communication environment is not good. If it is good, there is an effect that can increase the data transmission rate to the highest data transmission efficiency.
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