KR20010021704A - Coloring media having improved brightness and color characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are novel reflective microflakes for use in making "additive- primary" coloring media having improved reflection characteristics over the red, green and blue super bright color characteristics, and "super- white" coloring media having Magnesium Oxide like color characteristics. The coloring media of the present invention provides a palette of colors for imparting color characteristics or forming color images upon surfaces of arbitrary surface geometry. In one embodiment, the microflakes are made from cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) material, wherein the pitch of the helices of the liquid crystal molecules in each CLC microflake varies along the thickness dimension thereof. Depending on the final spiral structure of the materials utilized, the CLC circularly polarizing materials reflect either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light. Further, each CLC microflake of additive coloring media has a laminated construction on order that both the upper and lower surfaces thereof have substantially the same reflection characteristics over its tuned reflection band.

Description

Coloring media having improved brightness and color characteristics

In U.S. Patent No. 5,364,557, Applicants have shown how to make CLC pigments in a variety of applications. The use of these CLC pigments has the advantage that the color properties draw the image using the CLC amorphous reflective polarization. In the field of color printing and art, it is already well known that CLC color inks have a high color saturation and brightness compared to inks colored with conventional pigments or dyes. This makes it possible to obtain paints and prints of an image by absorbing the material as compared to conventional dyes made of inorganic dyes. The direct result of absorbency obtained from conventional dyes, which are the basic raw materials of this conventional inorganic dye, will have low reflection characteristics over each spectral band. In particular, this results in a color with a luminance lower than that desired in high reflective paints, surface coatings, and similar industries, such as in the automation industry.

Of course, pigments based on CLC based on the technique of US Pat. No. 5,364,557 do not have these drawbacks.

For example, Applicant discloses that the reflection properties of conventional CLC based thin films differ from all CLC thin films. As a result, it is impossible to control the arrangement of the thin film surface being applied, so that the pure color and luminance characteristics of the color coating obtained by the CLC thin film manufactured by the prior art become uneven and inadequate for commercial use.

Of course, when painting or printing on a radiation absorbing surface (e.g. red pattern) using the coloring medium described in CLC having primary color characteristics (e.g. red, green, blue), the CLC having white color characteristics The need for a coloration medium yields color images and color images over the full range of Sega, requiring a user's technical experience. Of course, the only way to achieve full white color characteristics using CLC coloring media having red, green and blue color characteristics is to achieve very narrow spectral reflection characteristics as shown in the accompanying drawings. It produces a CLC coloring medium with ideal red, green and blue color characteristics. 4 shows polarized reflection characteristics when a coloring medium based on a CLC having ideal red, green, and blue characteristics is mixed to produce incomplete white color characteristics.

Of course, the CLC coloring medium having red, green, and blue color characteristics may have broad polarization reflection characteristics as shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. At the same time, the actual CLC coloring media with red, green, and blue characteristics not only achieve perfect white color characteristics by mixing colors, but also incomplete white color characteristics with polarized reflection characteristics as shown in the accompanying drawings. . As a result, color shading and balance in color images when painting or printing with CLC coloring media with true red, green, and blue color characteristics reduces the demand for ideal color characteristics created using other coloring media. .

As a result, when using the conventional CLC coloring media disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,364,557, it is impossible to produce a color image that captures the color aspects of nature, and also produces color tones and shades having a low level of artificial expression. It is impossible to create a color image with

Thus, there is a need for an apparatus and method for shaping high reflectivity and clear color images using a coloring medium that eliminates the drawbacks of conventional printing and painting systems and methods.

The present invention relates to a spectrally switchable circularly polarized reflective thin film made of a nonabsorbent film material such as a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) thin film, and an ultra white, mirror-like and additive blend that is applied to the coloring system required for a radiation absorber. The present invention relates to a method for producing primary color inks, paints and crayons, and to a method of improving polarization and color characteristics by producing polarized films having symmetrical reflection characteristics on the upper and lower surfaces thereof.

1 to 3 are graphs showing very narrow band reflection characteristics of ideal red, green and blue CLC pigments,

4 is a graph showing the spectral reflection characteristics obtained by mixing the ideal red, green and blue colors used to make color magnesium oxide, such as white,

5 to 7 are graphs showing broad spectral band reflection characteristics of actual red, green, and blue CLC pigments,

8 is a graph showing spectral reflection characteristics of a mixture of actual red, green, and blue to obtain a white color of magnesium oxide white and another yellow color;

9 is a perspective view showing a thin bispectral reflective coating of the primary color coloring medium of the present invention consisting of a CLC thin film suspended in an optical delivery medium attached to a radiation absorber;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a thin spectrum-like reflective coating of the primary color coloring medium of the present invention consisting of a CLC thin film suspended in an optical delivery medium attached to a radiation absorber; FIG.

FIG. 11 is a first embodiment of the present invention suspended in the primary color coloring medium of FIGS. 9 and 10. The structure of the present invention is composed of a multilayer structure, in which each layer is made of LHCP or RHCP film material, and each surface is a visible band portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Perspective view of a CLC thin film showing the same circular polarization reflection characteristics,

111 is a perspective view showing possible pitch distribution of cholesteric liquid molecules along the thickness of the CLC thin film having the multilayer structure shown in FIG. 11;

FIG. 112 is a graph showing the spectral reflection characteristics of the first and second surfaces of the LHCP (or RHCP) CLC film layer used to produce the CLC thin film suspended in the primary coloring medium in FIG. 2;

FIG. 14 is a second embodiment of the present invention suspended in the primary color carrier coating in the multilayer structure of FIGS. 9 and 10, wherein the first CLC layer is made of RHCP CLC film material and the second CLC layer is made of LHCP CLC. A perspective view showing a CLC thin film that changes into a spectrum showing that the surface has a circularly polarized reflective property convertible to a spectrum of an electromagnetic spectrum,

FIG. 15 is a first embodiment of a spectroscopically controlled CLC thin film according to the present invention having a multilayer structure in FIG. 14 showing possible pitch distribution of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules along its thickness;

FIG. 16 is a graph showing the spectral reflection characteristics at the first and second surfaces of the RHCP and LHCP CLC film layers used to produce the spectral controllable CLC thin films suspended in the primary color coloring medium shown in FIG.

FIG. 17 is a spectral-adjustable thin film laminated in multiple layers showing a third embodiment according to the present invention suspended in the primary color coloring media coating shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10, wherein the first CLC layer delays the first phase. It consists of a first layer of LHCP CLC film material having a surface to be made up, and the second CLC layer consists of a second layer made of LHCP CLC film material with a surface to delay the second phase. Perspective view showing that the two surfaces have the same circularly polarized reflection properties higher than the adjustable portion of the electromagnetic spectrum,

FIG. 18 is a spectrally adjustable thin film laminated in multiple layers, representing a fourth embodiment according to the present invention suspended in the primary color coloring media coating shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10, wherein the first CLC layer delays the first phase. It consists of a first layer of RHCP CLC film material having a surface to be made, and the second CLC layer consists of a second layer made of RHCP CLC film material with a surface to delay the second phase. Perspective view showing that the two surfaces have the same circularly polarized reflection properties higher than the adjustable portion of the electromagnetic spectrum,

19 is a graph showing a spiral pitch change of liquid crystal molecules according to the thickness of the first embodiment of the CLC thin film having the multilayer structure shown in FIG. 17 or 18.

20 is a graph showing a spiral pitch change of liquid crystal molecules according to the thickness of the second example of the CLC thin film having the multilayer structure shown in FIG. 17 or 18.

FIG. 21 is a graph comparing reflection characteristics at a first surface and a second surface of an RHCP CLC layer used to prepare a spectrum-adjustable CLC thin film shown in FIG. 17 or FIG. 18;

FIG. 22 is a graph comparing a thin non-spectrum reflective coating of an ultra-broadband CLC thin film suspended in an optical transmission medium used as a radiation absorbing material with the ultra white coloring medium of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a graph comparing a thin quasispectral reflective coating of an ultra-broadband CLC thin film suspended in an optical transmission medium used as a radiation absorbing material with the mirror-like coloring medium of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is the first embodiment of the present invention suspended in the ultra white and mirror-like coloring media coatings of FIGS. 22 and 23. In the multilayered structure, each layer is made of the same LHCP or RHCP CLC film material. Perspective view of an ultra-broadband CLC thin film according to showing that the surface has the same circularly polarized reflection characteristics higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum,

25 is a schematic diagram showing possible pitch distribution of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules according to the thickness of the ultra-broadband LHCP CLC thin film of the first embodiment having the multilayer structure shown in FIG.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing possible pitch distribution of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules according to the thickness of the ultra-broadband RHCP CLC thin film of the second embodiment having the multilayer structure shown in FIG.

FIG. 27 shows the spectral reflection characteristics of the first and second surfaces of the ultra-broadband RHCP CLC film layer used to produce the ultra-broadband CLC thin film suspended in the ultra white and mirror-like coloring medium shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. Graph comparing

FIG. 28 shows a second embodiment according to the present invention suspended in the ultra white coloring medium coating material of FIG. 22 or FIG. 24, wherein the first CLC layer is made of a super-broadband RHCP CLC film material in a multilayer structure. A perspective view showing an ultra-broadband CLC thin film composed of an ultra-broadband LHCP CLC film material having a 2CLC layer and having the same circularly polarized reflection characteristic of which the first and second surfaces are higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum,

FIG. 29 is a view showing a pitch distribution of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules according to the thickness of a super broadcast band CLC thin film according to the first embodiment having the multilayer structure shown in FIG. 2C.

30 is a view showing a pitch distribution of cholesteric liquid crystal molecules according to the thickness of a super broadcast band CLC thin film according to a second embodiment having the multilayer structure shown in FIG. 14.

FIG. 32 shows a second embodiment according to the present invention suspended in the ultra white coloring medium coating material of FIG. 22 or FIG. 24, wherein the first CLC layer is made of a super broadcast band LHCP CLC film material. A perspective view showing an ultra-broadband CLC thin film composed of an ultra-broadband RHCP CLC film material having a 2CLC layer, the first and second surfaces having the same circular polarization reflection characteristics higher than that of the visible spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum;

FIG. 33 is a fourth embodiment of the present invention suspended in the ultra white or mirrored coloring media coating in FIGS. 22 and 24, wherein the RCLCP film has a surface in which the first CLC layer delays the first phase in a multilayer structure. And a second layer of RHCP CLC film material having a surface for delaying the second phase, the first surface and the second surface of which are higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. A perspective view showing a super broadcast band CLC thin film having the same circularly polarized reflection characteristic,

34 is a graph showing the helical pitch change of liquid crystal molecules with the thickness of the first embodiment of the ultra-broadband CLC thin film having the laminated structure shown in the accompanying drawings, FIG. 32 or 33;

FIG. 35 is a graph showing a spiral pitch change of liquid crystal molecules according to a thickness of a second embodiment of a super broadcast band CLC thin film having a laminated structure shown in FIG. 32 or 33.

FIG. 36 shows the first part of the ultra-broadband CLC thin film used to manufacture the ultra-broadband CLC thin film of FIG. 32 or 33 attached to the ultra-white and mirror-like coloring medium shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. And a graph comparing the reflection characteristics of the first surface and the second surface of the second ultra-broadband CLCL layer,

37 is a perspective view showing a CLC thin film made for storage in a CLC toner cartridge for use in a conventional geographic printer or copier;

FIG. 38 is a perspective view showing a CLC thin film mixed with adhesive powder for storage in a CLC toner cartridge for use in a conventional geographic printer or copier; FIG.

39 is a perspective view showing a toner cartridge according to the present invention including the CLC toner material of FIG.

40 is a perspective view of a geographic printer or copier including the toner material of FIG. 4 or FIG.

41 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of a system for forming a stereoscopic image encoded with multicolor polarization on a radiation absorbing surface in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 42 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing a preferred embodiment of a system for viewing in three dimensions, which is an image image encoded with polarization with multi-color polarization molded using the apparatus of FIG. 41.

The present invention eliminates the disadvantages of conventional printing and painting devices and methods and is used in " super-white " and additive-primary coloring media (e.g., color inks, paints, crayons, etc.). It is an object to provide a reflective thin film.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a reflective thin film made of a circularly polarized reflector having improved polarization and band pass positional characteristics which give improved color properties.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a thin film of laminated structure in which each surface exhibits symmetrical broadcast band reflection characteristics over a specific region of the visible spectrum of the electromagnetic spectrum, thereby improving light reflection when using the color inks, paints and crayons of the present invention. It is to have the brightness and.

Another object of the present invention is a spiral of a CLC module formed of a fine size fragment of CLC film material having a spiral pitch axis of a thin CLC module extending along the thickness of the CLC thin film, and formed nonlinearly along the thickness of each CLC thin film. It is to provide a thin film having a pitch.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminated structure such that each surface of the helix axis exhibits symmetrical broadcast band reflection characteristics higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum, when used in the preparation of the catalyst for whitening polarized inks, paints and crayons according to the present invention. To have improved light reflection and brightness.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a CLC thin film having a reflection property higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum so as to obtain improved light reflection and brightness when used in the preparation of the ultra white polarized ink and paint of the present invention.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a CLC thin film manufactured using left and right polarized materials having higher polarized polarization characteristics than visible bands of the electromagnetic spectrum to improve color characteristics.

It is still another object of the present invention to manufacture a CLC thin film using a raw polarizing material having spectral reflection and passing characteristics in broadcast band, low optical loss, high polarization effect and low manufacturing cost.

Another object of the present invention relates to a method for producing a circularly polarized reflective thin film having spectral characteristics in the broadcast band, low optical loss characteristics, high polarization effect, simple production and low production cost.

Another object of the present invention is to prepare a broadcast band CLC pigment used to make a CLC polymer film having liquid crystal molecules on the surface of the film along the helix axis, and fragment the CLC film to form a microscopic planar membrane. It is to provide a new method of adhering to the surface of a special radiation absorber and mixing with an appropriate carrier medium.

Another object of the present invention is to prepare a CLC thin film using a polymerizable CLC, a mixture of a liquid crystal material and a photoinitiator to produce a thin film having a separation of the liquid crystal material greater than the polymerization rate of the CLC during the polymerization of the CLC. have.

Still another object of the present invention is to produce a broadcast band CLC thin film without using ultraviolet dyes.

It is still another object of the present invention to prepare a circularly polarized reflective thin film of a broadcast band to obtain a nonlinear intensity gradient of active radioactivity (e.g. UV) by light loss in a polymerizable CLC medium capable of polymerization. It is to provide a process for making the helical pitch of CLC molecules change nonlinear.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a super broadcast band polarized reflective thin film using a commercially available continuous cholesteric liquid crystal polymer and a liquid crystal material.

It is yet another object of the present invention to produce a coating that reflects broadcast band polarized light by a bisspectral method that produces a super white color similar to conventional magnesium oxide paints and inks in the spiral axis and optical transport medium on its surface. To provide an ultra-white CLC colorant composed of broadcast band circularly polarized reflective thin films having different thicknesses.

It is yet another object of the present invention to have a different thickness to create a coating that reflects broadcast band polarized light in a spectral method that creates a mirror-like color on the surface that appears as a conventional planar surface on the helix axis and the optical transmission medium. To provide a CLC colorant.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an image made from a new CLC paint or ink molded from a radiation absorbing material and a color consisting of ultra white and primary colors (e.g. pure red, pure green, pure blue).

Another object of the present invention is a new coloring of CLC inks and paints comprising an image that has an ultra white color characteristic similar to that of conventional magnesium oxide inks and paints, or applying a radiation absorber to the space temperature required by an artist or painter. To provide a system.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide ultra white ink and paint so that the pigments appear as real by a broadcast band circularly polarized reflective thin film made from CLC film material.

Yet another object of the present invention is an ultra white CLC including a multilayer CLC thin film having a symmetric broadcast band high reflection characteristic capable of reflecting 100% of ambient light by a bisspectral method so as to obtain ultra white color characteristics under a predetermined light condition. It is to provide a new method for producing ink and paint.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a circular planar reflective CLC film that does not change easily in a broadcast band.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a novel manufacturing method that does not require measurement or the like to provide bispectral reflectance for preparing ultra-white CLC ink and paint that can be used at room temperature.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new coloring system for obtaining 3-D stereo images (print, paint and float).

It is another object of the present invention to provide pens, pencils and crayons of ultra-white CLC used for painting and printing.

Another object of the present invention is to form a three-dimensional image comprising two single images in a stereoscopic relationship, wherein either image is a CLC ink (or paint) reflecting left circular polarized broadcast band light according to the present invention. It is to provide an apparatus which is obtained and obtained with CLC ink (or paint) which the other image reflects the right circularly polarized broadcast band light.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a new method and system for three-dimensional printing, painting and plotting using CLC inks and paints according to the present invention to obtain images of higher brightness and quality than those obtained with conventional materials and methods. It is.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide three-dimensional images produced by conventional printing and plotting means in connection with left and right polarized CLC inks, paints or other delivery media.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a CLC toner material for use in conventional geographic printers and copiers.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide various types of CLC toner materials used to obtain monochromatic monochromatic images, monochromatic monochromatic images, and monochromatic stereoscopic images.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for reliably making and forming a document using an invisible polarization selective ink or toner made of a CLC thin film.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for producing an image having improved brightness and color characteristics on a radiation absorbing surface.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for obtaining a color image on a radiation absorbing surface using a coloring medium having primary and ultra white color properties.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for shaping polarized coded compositional images on a radioactive absorbing surface for use as the actual shape of a multicolored three-dimensional object which is electromagnetically indicated using a pair of bipolar polarized lenses. have.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for shaping an encrypted compositional image with polarization having a depth of color which is not capable of delivering the color in the prior art.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for forming a compositionally imaged polarized image composed of stereoscopic image pairs on a radiation absorbing surface with an overlapping method and having improved brightness and color properties.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for generating a stereoscopic image pair encoded by polarization using ultra white and primary color coloring media implemented by polarized reflective thin films having symmetrical reflective properties.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for improving color characteristics by making a polarized reflective thin film to obtain a circularly polarized reflective material having improved spectrum and band pass position characteristics.

It is still another object of the present invention to make polarized-coded compositional images to show polarized reflective thin films having a laminated structure and symmetric broadcast band reflection characteristics higher than a special region in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum on each surface thereof, thereby reflecting light To provide a method and apparatus that can improve the brightness characteristics.

Another object of the present invention is to create a compositional image encoded with polarization so that the spiral pitch axis of the CLC molecules extends along the thickness of the polarization reflective thin film along the thickness of the CLC thin film (eg, penetrating its surface) and is nonlinear (eg, exponential). The present invention provides a method and system for forming a threaded pitch of CLC molecules into fragments having fine sizes of thin CLC film material varying along the thickness of each CLC thin film.

It is still another object of the present invention to obtain a compositional image encoded by polarization so that each surface of the polarization reflecting thin film exhibits a symmetric broadcast band reflection characteristic higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum so as to have improved light reflection and luminance characteristics. To provide a system.

It is still another object of the present invention to obtain a composition image encoded by polarization to produce a left circular polarization (LHCP) material having a polarized reflective thin film comprising a left stereoscopic image having a left circular polarized reflection characteristic higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum, A polarization reflective thin film comprising a right stereoscopic image provides a method and system for producing a right circular polarization (RHCP) material having a right circular polarization reflection characteristic higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for displaying a compositionally encoded polarized image broadly, including billboards, magazine covers, scientific journals, public advertisement covers and the like.

Another object of the present invention is to obtain a compositional image encoded by polarization and to firstly control the computer from the radiation absorbing material to the LHCP using a CLC coloring medium comprising an LHCP type CLC thin film with symmetric polarization / reflection characteristics. Forming a left stereoscopic image to be input, and secondly, a user who controls a computer forms a right stereoscopic image input to RHCP using a CLC coloring medium including an RHCP type CLC thin film having symmetric polarization / reflection characteristics. The present invention provides a computer control device that obtains a composition image encoded by ultra-high brightness and uniform color polarization to obtain a high quality image.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus such as a geographic printer for printing a polarization composition image on a radiation absorbing paper using CLC toner materials having primary and ultra white color characteristics.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus such as an ink jet printer for printing a polarization composition image on a radiation absorbing paper using CLC toner materials having primary and ultra white color characteristics.

It is still another object of the present invention to form a left solid shape represented by LHCP on a radiation absorber by using a CLC coloring medium including an LHCP type CLC thin film having symmetric polarization / reflection characteristics, and an RHCP having symmetric polarization / reflection characteristics. CLC coloring medium containing CLC thin film is used to form the right three-dimensional shape represented by RHCP on the radiation absorber on the radiation absorber to obtain ultra-high brightness and color uniformity to obtain the image encoded by polarization with high quality three-dimensional image. It is to provide a computer control method to obtain.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a novel stereoscopic imaging system that allows a three-dimensional object in a spectral image to appear as a circular polarization display object made of CLC film material in a broadcast band.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic image system that can be worn like sunglasses when not used as a stereoscopic image glass.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional viewable new glasses implemented with a filter of the LHCP type and RHCP type made of a broadcasting band CLC film material.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a light reflecting film having circular polarization and improved color characteristics by having improved spectrum and band pass position characteristics.

It is another object of the present invention to achieve a symmetrical broadcast band reflection characteristic of the laminated structure so that the upper and lower surfaces are higher than the special region of the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum, thereby improving the use in producing the color inks, paints and crayons of the present invention. An improved light reflecting film exhibiting light reflection and brightness is provided.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a CLC film material having a symmetrical reflective property such that the spiral pitch axis of the CLC molecules extends along the thickness of the CLC film such that the spiral pitch of the CLC molecules changes nonlinearly along the thickness of the CLC film. have.

Another object of the present invention is a laminated structure, which makes the surface of the spiral axis exhibit symmetric broadcast band reflection characteristics higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum, thereby improving light reflection when making ultra white polarized ink, paint, crayons, and the like according to the present invention. To provide a CLC film that can obtain the brightness and.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a CLC film which provides light reflection and luminance with improved reflection characteristics higher than the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum when producing ultra white polarized ink or paint.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a CLC film having improved color characteristics by fabricating left and right polarized materials having higher polarized polarization characteristics than visible bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a circularly polarized reflective film having a symmetrical reflective property which can be easily manufactured and obtains low optical loss and high polarization effect at low manufacturing cost.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a broadcast band CLC film having symmetrical reflective properties, which does not require the use of ultraviolet dyes in manufacturing.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a band-pass circularly polarized reflective film having a symmetrical reflection characteristic in which a polymerizable CLC leads to a nonlinear luminance of active radiation with light loss in this CLC medium, thereby varying the helical pitch of the CLC molecules nonlinearly. It is to provide a manufacturing method.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an ultra-broadband polarized reflective film using a commercially available continuous CLC polymer and a liquid crystal material.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide a new form of coloring medium with polarized reflective film having symmetrical reflective properties.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Overview of coloring media according to the invention

In general, the coloring medium system according to the invention comprises: (i) a number of sources of primary (eg red, green, blue) coloring medium and (ii) at least one ultra white (eg magnesium oxide white). Consisting of a coloring medium, each coloring medium being made in accordance with the present invention. Coloring medium according to the present invention is realized in the form of paint, ink and crayons (wax or chalk) and thinly coated on radiation absorbing materials (surfaces, etc.) and thus a band of color characteristics which cannot be obtained by conventional techniques. You get a range.

Each coloring medium (e.g., primary color and ultra white) consists of two initial elements, a microscopic sized film or platelet called a non-absorbing light reflecting film (hereinafter referred to as a reflecting thin film), and the thin film being suspended. There is an optical mediator, which is then used as a radiation absorber. The biggest difference between the inks, paints, chalk, waxes and similar elements according to the present invention lies in the specificity of the optical carrier media used to transport and float the thin films (eg pigments) used as coatings.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each reflective thin film consists of two ideal film layers stacked on each other so that the reflective properties are ideal along the front and back back. With this symmetrical reflection characteristic, the incident light in a particular band of wavelength (and polarization state) is reflected to each position independently of the incident light incident in the same way along the coating of the pre-applied coloring medium. . In the case of primary color coloring media, this symmetry improves the color and brightness of the coating material applied under uniform light conditions. In the case of an ultra white type of coloring medium, this symmetry improves the uniformity of white and brightness under uniform light conditions.

The use of a radioactive absorber causes the reflective thin film to float inside the carrier medium in a single layer or multiple layers on the thickness of the carrier medium. Since the thin films are of non-uniform thickness and length or in shape, many thin films naturally fall into the end plate and overlap with the gaps between the thin films. As a result, in the myriad small regions of the coloring medium, each thin film layer is present with an uneven surface, which results in incident light having a special bandwidth due to non-spectral reflection in the coating layer. In the case of an ultra white coloring medium, each non-spectral reflection characteristic is applied to the ultra broadcast band thin film to obtain the ultra white color characteristic in the visible light state of the broadcast band. In the case of primary coloring medium, the nonlinear reflecting property is used as a coating material of the broadcasting band thin film, and it is required to prevent the formation of gray with a super bright primary color (red, blue, green) color effect. When using the primary color media according to the present invention, the front and back surfaces of each thin film have ultra-high reflection characteristics over a special area of the visible gas, such as the case of color red, blue or green.

The ultra white color media of the present invention have color properties similar to those of conventional magnesium oxide inks, which have been used in the field of visual and graphic arts. In general, the ultra white coloring media according to the present invention will exist in the liquid or solid state at room temperature, provided they have adequate radiation absorption properties. When used as a thin coating film as a radiation absorbing material suitable for space temperature and viewed in the light state of a broadcast band, the coating material exhibits ultra white color characteristics similar to those of inks or paints based on conventional magnesium oxide. When using coloring media with primary color characteristics, artists, painters, computer-operated printers or similar devices are dried at room temperature and are more noticeable than using conventional inks and paints as described in US Pat. No. 5,364,557. It will shape the image with distinct color characteristics.

When embodied in the form of an ink and a printer, the ultra white and primary color media are used in the liquid state as is conventionally at room temperature, coated and then dried and remain in a solid state. When implemented in the form of a crayon (eg wax or chalk), the color medium is coated in a solid state at room temperature as in the prior art and remains solid at the same space temperature.

In general, most of the techniques for manufacturing a film implement the reflective thin film according to the present invention such that the reflective characteristics along the front (top) and back (bottom) surfaces are the same as the band band. In more detail, the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) film used in the broadcast band and the ultra-broadcast band is a suitable material for manufacturing the reflective thin film of the present invention having symmetrical reflective properties. Of course, this is a film structure that is reflected in other types of broadcast bands that are used to implement in the band aspect of the present invention that do not use CLC material. Examples of broadcast band reflective film structures not based on CLC materials are disclosed in International Publication No. WO 95 95/17692, filed by 3M. As seen here, broadcast band reflective films are laminated in a stacked alternating layers structure of polymeric materials having different refractive indices. The optical properties of the single-layered polymeric layer thus act as a reflective polymer that is composed of multiple layers to transfer the polymerized element of incident light along the transmission axis.

Instead, a suitable broadcast band film consists of a structure using an interference film, a holographic reflective film (eg, a reflective hologram) and similar films.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coloring medium implements a reflective thin film based on the CLC in the range of the above-described reflective thin film. The coloring medium includes the following new manufacturing methods, which (A) have a thickness in a preset thickness range and are laminated with a symmetric polarization reflection characteristic that produces an ideal color of red, blue, green or ultra white. A process of making a CLC film material having a structure, (B) finely pulverizing the laminated CLC film (as an independent structure or an auxiliary material) to make a CLC thin film, and (C) an optical material for floating the CLC film of the laminated structure. Selecting a delivery medium, and (D) adding an appropriate amount of CLC thin film to the selected delivery medium to create an ideal color medium.

In order to use the color medium as a material having higher absorption characteristics than the visible band, (E) substrate treatment to use the color medium, and (F) using CLC coloring medium as a treatment material have. The CLC polymer film is made while the film has liquid crystal molecules arranged along the helix axis in step A, and the CLC thin film having the laminated structure is made while the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along the helix axis on each surface of the film in step B. Will be made. Hereinafter, each process will be described in detail.

Preparation of CLC Films with Symmetric Reflective Properties

In order to produce broadcast bands and ultra-broadband CLC films having reflective properties capable of selecting symmetrical polarization of the present invention, the technique used to produce narrow band films having symmetrical reflective properties is applied. In addition, this manufacturing technique is not only limited to the film material based on CLC, but also uses the holographic reflective film material of International PCT Publication No. WO95 95/17692, or the disclosed interference film as such.

Step A: A method for producing a CLC film having reflective properties, in which unidirectional UV illuminance and symmetry polarization can be selected using a technique for making a thin film.

The CLC film of the independent structure which has a symmetric (polarization selectable) reflection characteristic is manufactured by the film manufacturing method mentioned later. The film manufacturing method includes the following sub-processes, sub-process A1 for making a mixture of polymerizable liquid crystal film material, sub-process A2 for treating the surface of the substrate to determine the position of the liquid crystal film material, Subsequent process A3 for laminating the film material on the surface-treated substrate to form a polymerizable liquid crystal film layer, subprocess A4 for heat treatment of the liquid crystal film layer, and UV light is injected into the liquid crystal film material. Subprocess A5 to give nonlinear strength in the film, subprocess A6 to obtain a first sheet which is a cholesteric liquid crystal film layer having symmetric polarization reflection characteristics by removing the liquid crystal film layer from the substrate, and the subprocess A2. Repeat steps A6 and A6 to obtain the second sheet, which is a cholesteric liquid crystal film layer. There is a sub-process that by laminating the first film and the 1CLC 2CLC film so as to have a reflection property A8.

Subprocess A1: Preparation of Mixing of Liquid Crystalline Materials

A general method for preparing a broadcast band polarization material according to the present invention is mixed with the material as follows, wherein the material to be mixed includes (i) a cholesteric arrangement (liquid crystal polysilogen in the form of a side chain cylinder). There is a liquid crystal material capable of having a polymer, (ii) a material having no or without a real liquid crystal arrangement, and (iii) an appropriate amount of photoinitiator that satisfies the conditions for producing the above-mentioned ultra-broadband. This liquid crystal material is mixed and then degassed at a suitable temperature of 80 ° C. or lower in a vacuum. This degassing is aimed at removing the air inside the mixed material as described above.

In Examples 1-10 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the polymer-capable CLC material produced by the method described above can be purchased from Wacker GmbH, Germany, and the polymer is not polymerized for use as a possible CLC material. Real liquid crystal materials can use E3LLV and E7 sold by German EM. When the polymer-capable CLC material is exposed to UV radiation in the face of a photoinitiator, the CLC material is polymerized by cationic polymerization. The CLC material is used in green (CC4039L) and red (CC4070L) compositions. The first polymer-capable material is used in red compositions (CC4039L) and (CC4039R) with left (RH) helix and right (RH) helix. The second CLC material will use a red composition (CC4070L) with a left (LH) helix structure. The green composition reflects the LHCP light at 390 nm, and the red composition reflects the LHCP light at 690 nm after UV curing at 70 ° C. When the green composition (CC4039R) is mixed in a suitable CLC with a left polymer such as CC4039L at a suitable ratio and cured at 70 ° C, the result is that the CLC film reflects RHCP light. The CLC material before curing is elastic at room temperature, and at about 70 ° C, the phase changes to liquid.

Subprocess A2: Treatment of Adhesion Substrates Attaching Liquid Crystalline Materials

When the liquid crystal material is prepared, it adheres to the substrate surface. In the present invention, a large number of materials can be used as a substrate. Examples of the substrate include pure glass, ITO-coated glass, a plastic substrate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PET, polycarbonate (PC), and the like. Of course, the substrate surface is first rinsed off with ultrasonic waves prior to the deposition process and then the alignment layer (eg, a polyester or SiO coating layer) is coated onto the cleaned surface. The alignment layer functions to allow the liquid crystal molecules to achieve the desired molecular arrangement during the polymerization step in the manufacturing process. Three different surface treatment processes are described below.

In the case of using pure glass, ITO coated glass, or plastic substrates (e.g., PVA, PET, polycarbonate, etc.), the surface treatment is done with an alignment layer in the form of a polymade (e.g., Nissan Chemical 7311SE) coating. A layer is formed on the surface of the substrate in the form of spinning, dipping and printing. After coating, the surface of the substrate is baked at 180 ° C. and the baked substrate thus baked is mechanically hardened as is well known.

When using substrates made of pure glass or ITO coated glass, plastic substrates (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PET, polycarbonate (PC), etc.), the surface treatment first cleans the surface of the substrate and then vacuums it. In the state, the alignment layer is formed on the surface of the substrate in the form of a thin SiO coating film.

When using a suitable substrate made of plastic, the surface treatment of the substrate is first washed off the surface and then mechanically cured in a known manner.

Sub-process (A3): The process of forming a polymer-enabled liquid crystal film layer on the surface by using a liquid crystal material in a pretreated step.

Generally, a variety of techniques are used to form a liquid crystal film layer that is polymerizable on the surface of the substrate by using a liquid crystal material in the substrate treated as described above. The film forming technique used to achieve this object is as described below.

Provision of a liquid crystal film layer capable of polymerizing a liquid crystal material on the substrate in a vacuum state

The traditional method used to manufacture LCD panels is to provide a polymer-enabled liquid crystal film layer on a substrate treated as described above. This method involves forming a hollow cell with an open end using a spacer of a desired thickness (eg, bead, optical fever or mylar) between a pair of substrates subjected to surface treatment. When this structure is made, the hollow cell is sealed with a suitable epoxy (eg, UV) along the three edges to fill the liquid crystal with one edge. The cell and the already prepared liquid crystal mixture are then placed in a vacuum chamber separated from each other, and the vacuum chamber then forms a vacuum until a sufficient vacuum pressure of about 10 ⁻² Torr is reached. In this step, the open one edge of the cell is immersed in the contacting liquid crystal mixture and then releases the vacuum valve to allow air to enter the vacuum chamber. This allows the liquid crystal mixture to flow into the cell to provide a liquid crystal film layer that is polymerizable on the substrate surface of the cell by internal and external pressure changes.

Providing a polymerizable liquid crystal film layer by filling a liquid crystal material in a pretreated substrate using a capillary effect

It is similar to the method described above for the hollow cell to be made between a pair of substrates subjected to surface treatment prior to filling the liquid crystal. The thickness of the hollow cell is controlled by using the above-described space. The main difference of this manufacturing method is that the two opposite sides of the cell or all four edges thereof are open. After the hollow cell is structurally sealed, the cell is placed on a hot plate to receive heat at a suitable temperature. As in the various manufacturing examples, the temperature of the space may be appropriately adjusted according to the manufacturing method. When preheated to a suitable heat, the liquid crystal mixture is brought into contact with any one of the corners of the hollow cell. By the capillary effect, the liquid crystal material is sucked into the hollow cell to provide a polymer-capable liquid film layer on the surface treated substrate of the hollow cell.

Provision of a polymerizable liquid crystal film layer on a surface treated substrate using a sandwitching film under vacuum

According to this manufacturing method, the liquid crystal coating layer is first sprayed onto the surface treated surface of the (glass or plastic) substrate. Subsequently, the substrate having the liquid crystal layer is placed in an oven, which is a vacuum chamber, along a second surface-treated substrate. The surface treated surface of the second substrate is supported on the surface of the first substrate by a suitable supporting mechanism controlled by means of the means of installing the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer outside the vacuum chamber. The internal temperature of the oven is then raised until the liquid crystalline material reaches the desired low viscosity. In this step, the vacuum chamber is kept in a vacuum state, and then the second substrate is dropped onto the upper surface of the surface-treated liquid crystal layer of the first substrate. Thereafter, enough time is given to bring the liquid crystal materials of the two substrates into contact with one. Finally, the vacuum pressure in the oven is slowly removed until the pressure in the oven reaches ambient pressure. This method is used when coating a surface treated substrate with a large size of the liquid crystal material.

Provision of Polymerizable Crystal Material Layers on Substrates Treated with Thin Films

This method is most suitable when bonding plastics and plastic or plastic and glass substrates. According to this manufacturing method, the substrate on which the surface treatment has been prepared is prepared in advance. The liquid crystal mixture is then applied to one edge of the first substrate made of plastic or glass. A second substrate is then applied to the first substrate so that the liquid crystal mixture is applied between each end. The first and second substrates then pass through a laminate having a controlled gap of the desired value in order to obtain the proper thickness of the liquid crystal material.

Preparation of polymer-enabled liquid crystal film layer using a roller coater

This method is similar to the lamination method described above in which a film layer is prepared from two substrates (preferably plastic and plastic or plastic and glass) on which surface preparations are prepared in advance. The liquid crystal mixture is used at any one of the ends of the first substrate. The surface treated substrate of the second substrate is placed on the surface treated surface of the first substrate. Then, a stage having a wide smooth surface, such as a glass plate, is placed on the second substrate and the liquid crystal mixture is inserted and pushed by a roller. The roller pressure at this time is adjusted according to a desired value to obtain an appropriate thickness of the liquid crystal material between the pair of substrates.

Provision of a polymer-enabled liquid crystal film layer on a substrate using blade application

This manufacturing method is used on a pair of surfaces using a combination of materials (eg plastic and plastic, plastic and glass, and glass and glass). The surface of the substrate was subjected to the surface treatment by the method described above, and then a thin, uniform film of liquid crystal material was applied onto the surface treated surface of the first substrate using the blade application method described and shown in US Pat. No. 5,364,557. Molding. The surface treated surface of the second substrate is then placed on top of the liquid crystal film in which any one of the methods described above is used.

Subprocess A4: Curing of the Liquid Crystal Film Layer Coated on Each Substrate

In general, the liquid crystal layer produced by the sub-process A3 requires heat treatment (for example, quenching) for a predetermined time at a suitable temperature so that the liquid crystal film can have a good flat structure. The quenching temperature is selectively chosen such that the liquid crystal film is of high quality plate shape and has the lowest viscosity possible. Quenching time may be from several minutes to several hours depending on the liquid crystalline material. Before the polymerization reaction, the liquid crystal film shows band band reflection characteristics through a band pass of 50 nm to 80 nm in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Subprocess A5: Drying of a polymer-enabled liquid crystal film layer on a surface treated substrate with unidirectional UV exposure

Once the polymer-capable liquid crystal film is attached to the surface treated substrate in a complete flat state, the polymer of the film described above is ready to dry through polymerization (eg, crosslinking) of the possible CLC material. In a second preferred embodiment of producing the CLC film according to the invention, the polymerization is obtained by subjecting the surface to UV light, which is obtained by exposing the film to a degree of nonlinear strength. The intensity of the UV light is determined before phase separation, molecular separation, and redistribution of noncrosslinking are possible for the polymerizable composition. After the polymer was enabled, the first thin film of the broadcast band CLC polarization film would have asymmetric polarization reflection properties greater than the full visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Subprocess A6: Substrate Removal from Dried Liquid Crystal Film

After making the first sheet of liquid crystal film, the substrate is removed from this sheet and a broadcast band CLC film is obtained. The broadcast band CLC film is mechanically shaken to separate the film from the support substrate, or the substrate is separated by a chemical etching method or similar. Such techniques are already well known in the art and are not described in further detail. After this process, the first sheet of CLC film is provided to have symmetric polarized reflective properties.

Subprocess A7: Repeating subprocesses A2 to A6 to produce a second sheet of dried CLC film having symmetric polarization reflection properties.

In this process, the sub-processes A2 to A6 are repeated to make a second sheet of CLC film having symmetric polarization characteristics similar to that of the first sheet.

Sub-step (A8): The primary and secondary CLC thin film layers having asymmetric polarized reflection characteristics are thinly sliced to make a thin film structure having symmetrical polarized reflection characteristics.

As mentioned in the context of the present invention, several applications have generally found that the front surface (ie, top) of a polymerizable CLC thin film directly irradiated with nonlinear UV light intensity during the curing step of the thin film manufacturing process exhibits ultra "wide band" polarization properties. Found in the field On the other hand, the reverse side that is not directly irradiated will exhibit different polarized reflective properties by reflectance or spectral bandwidth. As used herein, a cured CLC thin film having such polarization properties will be referred to as a CLC having "asymmetric" reflective properties. Cured CLC thin films with asymmetrical properties have a 50% probability that the top surface of any CLC microflakes made from such materials is in contact with the surface of the CLC coating applied to the substrate irradiated with ambient white light during normal use. Not ideal for use. As a result, CLC color media made from "asymmetric" CLC thin films are not ideally bright for most color applications because both the front and back sides of each CLC microflake are "wideband faces" with different spectral characteristics.

To compensate for the shortcomings of such "asymmetric" CLC thin films, the method for producing a "symmetrical" wideband CLC thin film according to the present invention is carried out at this stage of the process, i. While the back side of the primary lamination of the thin film is shown to occur, the two laminations are made into thin pieces together when using conventional thin film technology.

It is preferable to use an optically clear isotropic adhesive with a refractive index that matches the sheet lamination of the asymmetric CLC thin film during lamination. Preferably such adhesives are non-birefringent and non-absorbent.

Each surface of the thin CLC thin film structure has the above-mentioned polarization reflection characteristic, and is ideal for producing CLC dyes of the color medium of the present invention.

The color characteristics of symmetrical CLC thin films are specified by controlling the bandwidth and spectral position during the thin film manufacturing process mentioned above.

In the above steps (A) and (A '), two different techniques for producing an ultra-wideband CLC thin film having "symmetrical" polarization reflection characteristics have been specified in more detail. Such techniques can be used to produce symmetrical broadband CLC thin films for "ultra white" CLC color media as well as to the "freshly mixed primary colors" of the present invention. It is essential that the reflecting bandwidth of the thin film material is in the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum (ie 350 to 750 nm) Similarly, the color characteristics of the primary color of the bare mixed color are produced by making the color medium of the primary mixed color of the present invention. For example, when dividing red, green, and blue by reflected incident light, it is essential to ensure that the reflection properties of such CLC films exist in each allocation (e.g., red, green, or blue) region of the visible spectrum. to be.

In general, the spectral position (i.e., "tuning") as well as the bandwidth of the CLC thin film material of the present invention may be used for various purposes (e.g., by dividing the color properties into CLC dyes, Can be controlled by a number of methods). For example, the spectroscopic and "color" properties of such CLC thin films can be characterized by the choice of starting CLC polymer; UV light intensity control used to cure the CLC polymer thin film deposited on the substrate; UV light direction control used during curing of the CLC polymer thin film; UV light intensity gradient control used during curing; Controlling of the temperature gradient during curing of the CLC polymer and / or control of the concentration of the nematic polymer, chiral polymer, photoinitiator, dye used to make the starting CLC polymer material, and the like can be controlled. Details of these different spectroscopic tuning techniques are described below.

Thickness Control Controls Spectral Bandwidth of Circularly Polarized Thin Film Materials

The first approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by thickness control. For example, the polarizer bandwidth can be increased from 580 nm to 800 nm when the film thickness changes from 5 μm to 20 μm using material E31 / CC4039L = 1: 2 with a weight of 0.6% IG184. Therefore, the polarizer thin film is cured under UV intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² at 92 ° C.

Changes in the concentration of chiral additives control the spectral bandwidth of circularly polarized thin film materials

The second approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by changing the concentration of the chiral additive. For example, a polarizer thin film is cured at 70 ° C. under UV intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² using a material E31 / CC4039L = 1: 2 with a thickness of 0.6% IG184 at a thickness of 20 μm. When the weight of the S1011 chiral additive is increased from 0% to 0.6%, the bandwidth is reduced from 980 nm to 460 nm. In addition, with increasing chiral concentrations, the central wavelength shifts to "blue" at shorter wavelengths.

Controlled Reflection / Polarization Spectrum by Changing Curing Temperature

The third approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by varying the curing temperature. The following example further illustrates this method.

According to a first example, a liquid mixture is prepared comprising the components CC4039L: E44: I184 = 4: 0.69: 0.22: 0.33: 0.63. The UV light intensity used during curing is approximately 0.02 mW / cm ² . As the temperature varies from 60 ° C. to 90 ° C. and then to 100 ° C., the wideband CLC center wavelength varies from 610 μm to 700 μm thereafter up to 550 μm and the bandwidth varies from 420 μm to 700 μm thereafter up to 400 μm.

According to another example, a liquid mixture is prepared by mixing E31 / CC4039L = 1: 2 at a weight of 0.6% IG184. Thin film samples having a thin film thickness of 20 μm are cured in a UV light source having an intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² . When the curing temperature is lowered from 92 ° C. to 70 ° C., the central wavelength shifts to “red” with longer wavelengths.

Changes in photoinitiator concentration control the polarization / reflection spectrum.

The fifth approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by changing the photoinitiator concentration. For example, a liquid mixture is made by mixing E31 / CC4039L = 1: 2 material by weight and forming a thin film having a thickness of 20 μm. Thin film samples are cured in a UV light source with an intensity of 0.047 mW / cm 2 at a temperature of 92 ° C. In this case, increasing the photoinitiator concentration from 1% to 2% decreases the bandwidth of the polarized reflective thin film from 1050 μm to 850 μm.

Selection of the starting CLC polymer material controls the polarization / reflection spectrum.

The sixth approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the starting polymer material in a cholesteric arrangement. In particular, the starting CLC polymer is chosen such that the last bandwidth CLC has a special short pitch value for the "blue" shift to the polarization wavelength. This technique is illustrated by the following example. Two CLC polysiloxanes (CC4039L and CC4070L) from Wacker are mixed in an E7 nematic liquid phase to generate two different liquid mixtures. The mixture is CC4039L (CC4070L) / E31LV = 2: 1 with 0.6% 184 photoinitiator and doubler weight. The left polysiloxane CC4039L reflects at 390nm and the CC4070L reflects at 700nm. 20 μm thick thin films were made from each mixture and cured at a temperature of 92 ° C. with a UV light source having the above light intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² . Cured CLC thin films containing shorter pitch polysiloxane CC4039L reflect at shorter wavelengths from 370 nm to 1200 nm, and cured CLC thin films containing longer pitch polysiloxane CC4070L reflect at longer wavelength ranges from 560 nm to 2160 nm.

Control of polarization / reflection spectra with changes in UV cured light intensity

The seventh approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by changing the intensity of the UV cured light source. When a nematic like E7 is used with a CLC material like CC4039L at a rate of 1/2, as the polymerization rate is linked to the intensity of incident UV radiation, the bandwidth of the polarizer decreases with increasing UV intensity. In intensity of 0.47mW / cm ^2, and the bandwidth is 980nm, and when cured at 92 ℃ in intensity of 0.97mW / cm ² 700nm, if cured with 92 ℃ to 7.1mW / cm ² bandwidth is 280nm. This progress clearly indicates that the bandwidth can be controlled by controlling the intensity of the UV radiation during thin film curing.

Changes in UV-cured light direction control polarization / reflection spectrum

The eighth approach is to control the bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by changing the direction of the UV light source during curing. According to this mechanism, the UV slope in the thin film is selectively changed perpendicular to the plane. By maintaining the overall UV intensity within the CLC thin film by nature, a single UV cured beam has a broader reflection bandwidth than the dual beam curing method.

Controlling Polarization / Reflection Spectrum by Changing Nematic Liquid Concentration

The ninth approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by changing the nematic liquid concentration in the natural starting mixture. This technique is demonstrated as follows. For example, using a liquid mixture consisting of E31 in CC4039L with 0.6% IG184 photoinitiator for the CC4039L compound, different mixtures are filled into 20 μm glass cells with a rubbed polyamide coating. All samples are cured at 92 ° C. with a UV light source with an intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² . The change in the concentration of the nematic liquid (E31) in the natural starting mixture can increase the bandwidth of the CLC thin film.

Control polarization / reflection spectra by adding different types of nematic additives

The tenth approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material by adding different types of nematic additives. For example, different types of nematic additives result in polysiloxanes and CLC thin films with different bandwidths when added at this concentration. In particular, the additives E7, E31, E44, K15, K24, M15 widen the bandwidth. However, nematic additives such as ZLI-2309 and ZLI-5800-100 do not widen the bandwidth.

Control polarization / reflection spectra by adding different types of chiral additives

The eleventh approach is to control the spectral bandwidth of the circularly polarized thin film material (with different "torsional forces") by adding different types of chiral additives. As an example of this technique, given the above mixture including CC4039R and E31, the addition of the same amount of chiral (R1011, CE1, CB15) results in wideband CLC thin films with different spectral properties. As another example, in a given CC4039R and E7 mixture, the chiral is optionally mixed. For example, if each mixture of the last pitch, ie, CC4039R / E7 / R1011, CC4039R / E7 / CE1 and CC4039R / E7 / CB15, is adjusted equally before curing, then the final spectral properties will be different when the CLC thin film is cured under these conditions. do.

Example of CLC Thin Film Fabrication

In the following examples of CLC thin film fabrication, which will be described in detail below, the polymerizable CLC, nematic liquid material, photoinitiator (and, alternatively, chiral additives) are weighed in the desired proportions and mixed in a hotplate or equivalent device. In each example, the CLC mixture is introduced into a glass cell with a buffed polyamide coating for better molecular alignment. Finally, the mixture is cured (eg, neutralized) to a selected temperature by exposing the mixture to actinic rays for a time sufficient to allow polymerization to complete. The chemical radiation (UV radiation) used to polymerize the CLC thin film material shows a non-linear (eg, exponential) intensity distribution within the CLC thin film or layer to be cured rather than the linear intensity distribution used in the previous manufacturing process. This is due to the light attenuation by the material used to make the CLC mixed layer. Apart from the above, the noncrosslinked liquid material may be present in the liquid state in the polarizer formed last after UV curing.

After mixing at a temperature that keeps the material in the liquid state and prior to polymerization, the nematic liquid material is poorly bound to the polymerizable CLC material. In response to actinic exposure, polymerization causes the poorly constrained liquid phase to separate from the polymerizable CLC and begin diffusion. The nematic liquid material diffuses into the swollen regions of the polymerizable CLC forming a liquid-rich place. Departure of the liquid phase from other regions of the polymerizable CLC leaves a place where the liquid phase is depleted. The radiation intensity is moderate nonlinear (more particularly exponential) through the medium, the higher intensity region of the polymerizable CLC swells than the lower intensity region, and the nematic liquid material takes precedence over the place of higher radiation intensity. Diffuse and take a non-linear distribution in the polymer CLC material. Preferably, the ultra wide band polarization thin film can be made using a commercially available material if the separation rate of the (nematic) liquid material is greater than the polymerization rate of the CLC material to be polymerized.

In Examples 1 to 10, the method of "symmetrical" CLC thin film fabrication described above (by employing a slicing subprocess) has been used to produce the same. However, other methods may be used to produce the "symmetrical" reflective thin films of the present invention.

Example 1

In this example, a method for producing a wideband CLC circular polarized thin film material for use in making microflakes based on the CLC of the present invention is described. The red compound of the above-mentioned CLC polysiloxane (CC4070L) is mixed in an E31 nematic liquid phase. The red CC4070L has a twisted direction to the left and reflects at 690 nm when cured at 70 ° C. The mixture contains E31 / CC4070L at a rate of 1/2 by weight of 0.6% IG184 photoinitiator. Photoinitiator IG184 is commercially available from Hobart, Ciba Gage, New York. The mixture is introduced into a 20 μm glass cell and cured at a UV intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² at a temperature of 92 ° C. on a hotplate. In this example, the only CLC polysiloxane material is polymerized and the nematic liquid phase remains in the liquid phase. After polymerization, spectroscopic analysis of the circularly polarized thin film material was performed with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmissive and reflective spectra are taken with left, right and unpolarized light. If the polarized reflective thin film based on CLC has an ultra-wide bandwidth of 1600 nm, the polarized thin film includes a spectral band pass from 560 nm to 2160 nm.

Example 2

In this example, a method for a wideband CLC circular polarized thin film material for the purpose of making microflakes based on the CLC of the present invention is described. In this example, the blue compound of CLC polysiloxane and the nematic liquid phase (E31) are mixed in a 2: 1 ratio by weight of 0.6% photoinitiator (IG184). 20 μm glass cells are used to provide thin films of that thickness. The CLC is cured with a UV lamp of 0.047 mW / cm ² at 92 ° C. The polarization layer includes a spectral bandpass of 370 nm to 1200 nm and provides an ultra-wide band polarizer of 830 nm, and includes the entire visible and infrared spectral bands. As in Example 1, the liquid material E31 remains in a liquid state after curing. Spectroscopic analysis of the circularly polarized thin film material after polymerization (ie curing) is performed with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. The transmission and reflection spectra are taken with left, right and unpolarized light.

Example 3

In this example, a method for producing a wideband CLC circular polarized thin film material for use in making microflakes based on the CLC of the present invention is described. The previous two examples used CLC polysiloxane with a twisted direction to the left. In this third example, a CLC polysiloxane with a right helical (twisted) direction is used. Blue compound with such twisted direction (CC4070R) is commercially available from GM, Wacker, Germany and reflects the right circular light at 390nm when cured at 70 ° C. Nematic liquid material (M15) commercially available from EM Industries, Germany, is mixed with the CLC polysiloxane material (CC4039R) in a 1: 2 ratio by weight of 1% IG184 photoinitiator. The mixture is sandwiched between plates of 20 μm glass cells and cured at 122 ° C. with a UV intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² . The circularly polarized thin film material reflecting the light circularly polarized to the right provides an ultra-wideband polarizer of 400 nm, including a spectral bandpass from 520 nm to 920 nm. After curing (ie, polymerization), the nonpolymerizable liquid phase (M15) is solid at room temperature. After polymerization, spectroscopic analysis of the sample is performed with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmissive and reflective spectra are taken with left, right and unpolarized light.

Example 4

This example describes a method for producing a wideband CLC circular polarized thin film material for the purpose of making microflakes based on the CLC of the present invention. In this example, the material contains a chiral additive mixed in a nonpolymerizable nematic and polymerizable nematic liquid. Nonpolymerizable nematic materials include E31 and ZLI-2309. The chiral additive is S1011. All of these materials are commercially available from EM Industries in Germany. The chiral additive results in a left helical structure of the mixture. E31 / ZLI-2309 / S1011 are mixed together at a weight ratio of 1/1 / 0.2. This mixture is mixed back into the polymerizable nematic liquid polymer material CN4000 at a weight ratio of 1: 2. CN4000 is commercially available from Wacker GM Beech, Germany. A mixture with photoinitiator IG184 weighing 0.6% is introduced into a cell formed of two ground polyamide coated glass substrates and cured at 70 ° C. with a UV intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² . Here, the nematic liquid material CN4000 polymerizes, and the low molecular weight chiral nematic material remains in the liquid state. As in other examples of the invention, the separation rate of the non-polarized liquid material is greater than the polymerization rate of the polymerizable liquid material. The circular polarized thin film material reflects the left circular polarized radiation and includes a spectral bandpass from 430 nm to 1050 nm and provides a polarized reflective thin film based on CLC with a wide bandwidth of 620 nm. After polymerization, spectroscopic analysis of the circularly polarized thin film material was performed with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmissive and reflective spectra are taken with left, right and unpolarized light.

Example 5

This example describes a method for producing a wideband CLC circular polarized thin film material for the purpose of making microflakes based on the CLC of the present invention. In this example, the mixture consists of a nematic array of crosslinked siloxane polymers, chiral additives and photoinitiators (IG184). Note that no noncrosslinked nematic liquids (such as E31) are added. The siloxane nematic polymer (CN4000) is manufactured in Wacker (Germany). The chiral additive consists of R1011, CB15 and CE1 (all from EM, Merck). The mixture is CN4000 / R1011 / CB15 / CE1 / IG184 = 0.75: 0.03: 0.11: 0.11: 0.017 by weight. The mixture is filled with a 20 μm glass cell with a ground polyamide coating. After UV exposure of approximately 0.2 mW / cm ² for a sufficient time at a temperature of 80 ° C., a broadband reflective polarization thin film with a bandwidth from 360 nm to 750 nm is obtained. Since the chiral additive is in the right direction, the CLC polarization film reflects the right circular polarization. The importance of this example is that non-crosslinking low molecular weight nematic liquid phases according to the techniques of this invention are not necessary when making broadband circularly polarized thin film materials. Nematic liquid polymers, simply mixed with chiral additives, will make a simple ultra-wideband polarizer. This mechanism, ie neutralization induced molecular redistribution (PIMRD), is still valid in this example. Since all components of the chiral additives (ie R1011, CB15, CE1) are noncrosslinked, the chiral molecules undergo separation from the nematic polymer network during phase separation and polymerization. The separated chiral molecules diffuse along the UV propagation direction, resulting in accumulation and depletion of the chiral molecules at locations where the CLC pitch is shorter and longer, respectively. Finally, the pitch slope is formed. Note that the chiral additive is in plural compound format. As demonstrated in the separation experiment, two chiral compounds, CB15 and CE1, are phases separated from the liquid polymer network and diffuse along the UV propagation direction during polymerization. However, the third chiral compound, R1011, showed no clear evidence of phase separation and diffusion. After polymerization, spectroscopic analysis of the circularly polarized thin film material is carried out with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmissive and reflective spectra are taken with left, right and unpolarized light.

Example 6

This example describes a method for fabricating an ultra-wideband CLC circular polarization material onto a single sided plastic substrate with no possible substrate.

The liquid mixture used in this example may be any of those mentioned through this application. Typical plastic substrates used are PET. PET cotton may be treated with a ground polyamide coating, but this is not necessarily the case. If no polyamide coating is required, the overall manufacturing process is simpler. The only treatment required for a PET substrate is to mechanically rub the substrate. The CLC mixture is applied to one of the plastic substrates and covered with a secondary PET plate. Thereafter, the entire package is supplied to the laminator at a suitable temperature. After lamination, the same CLC thin film is obtained between two plastic sheet materials. The thin film is then exposed to UV with a suitable intensity for a sufficiently long time at a temperature of 80 ° C. Ultra-wideband CLC polarizers are obtained between plastic plates. The optical properties, including extinction ratio, are similar to those between two glass substrates with ground polyamide. Finally, one of the plastic substrates is removed so that one side is free of the substrate. The method described above has the following advantages: (1) The overall polarizer thickness is drastically reduced to 0.25 mm due to the thin plastic plate in nature; (2) the polarizer is mechanically flexible; (3) the manufacturing procedure is simple; (4) larger polarizers can be made; (5) The cost is reduced in nature. After polymerization, spectroscopic analysis of the circularly polarized thin film material is performed with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmissive and reflective spectra are taken with left, right and unpolarized light.

Example 7

In this example, the broadband circular polarization thin film material is made using a newly developed short pitch CLC liquid polymer. This material (code name CLM001CC by German Wacker) reflects the left circular polarization at a selective reflection wavelength of 309 nm. Once mixed with the appropriate amount of photoinitiator (such as Ciba Geigy, IG184), the CLC material can be UV polymerized. To make broadband polarized thin films, short pitch polymerizable CLC materials are mixed with low molecular weight noncrosslinked nematic material E7 (EMI). The material component for the broadband polarizer is CLM001CC / E7 / IG184 = 0.157 / 0.065 / 0.0047 by weight. The mixture is filled with a 20 μm glass cell with a ground polyamide coating, after exposure at 70 ° C. with adequate UV intensity for a sufficient time, a broadband CLC polarized reflective thin film reflecting almost 50% of the unpolarized light from 370 nm to 850 nm is obtained. lost. Similar results were obtained by mixing other noncross-linked nematic liquids such as M15 (Merck), E44, K15 and K24. After polymerization, spectroscopic analysis of the samples is carried out with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmissive and reflective spectra are taken with left, right and non-polarization.

Example 8

This example describes a method for producing an unfixed wideband CLC circular polarized thin film material. The material mixture comprises CLM001CC / M15 / IG184 = 2/1 / 0.06 by weight. The mixture is filled with 20 μm glass cells with ground polyamide. The sample is cured at 80 ° C. with a UV intensity of 0.011 mW / cm ² . The thin film reflects from 370 nm to 770 nm. While supported by the glass substrate after polymerization, spectroscopic analysis of the circularly polarized thin film material is carried out with a Perky Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmissive and reflective spectra are taken with left, right and non-polarization. Thereafter, one of the glass substrates is mechanically removed. Next, the broadband thin film is removed from the remaining glass substrate. A non-fixed polarized thin film is obtained. The thin film spectra before and after removal show that the optical properties of the unpolarized thin film remain unchanged.

Example 9

In this context, the CLC material used is the left polymerizable polysiloxane CLC (CC4039L) commercially available from Wacker of the GbmH company in Germany mixed with nonpolymerizable nematic E7 and chiral additives, where E7 and R1011 are the German EM company. Commercially available at The polymerizable CLC material (CC4039L) has a left twisted structure, while the chiral additive (R1011) has a right twisted structure. E7 / CC4039L / R1011 / IG184 material is present in the mixture at a ratio of 1/2 / 0.1 / 0.012 by weight. Here, IG184 is a photoinitiator. The mixture was introduced into a 20 μm thick glass cell with a ground polyamide coating and cured at 82 ° C. with a UV intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² . In this example, the cholesteric liquid material (CC4039L) is neutralized while the nematic (E7) remains liquid after curing. As with other examples, the separation rate of the noncross-linked liquid phase is greater than the neutralization rate of the polysiloxane. After neutralization, spectroscopic analysis of the samples is performed with a Perkin-Elmer, Lambda 19 spectrometer. Transmission and reflection are taken left, right and non-polarized. The CLC circular polarized thin film reflects the circularly polarized radiation on the left side and includes a spectral band pass from 800 nm to 1428 nm and provides at least 600 nm ultra wide bandwidth polarized thin film in the near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this example, chiral additives are used to control the band position and to control the band pass available at different concentrations.

Example 10

In this example, a broadband CLC polarized thin film is prepared based on an acrylic liquid compound in a cholesteric arrangement mixed with a noncross-linked nematic liquid. Two polymerizable acrylic cholesteric liquid compounds, CM 95 and CM94 (BASF, Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, Germany), which reflect the right circular polarization of blue and red wavelengths, are used in this example, respectively. The blue compound, CM95, is mixed with noncross-linked nematic M15 (EMI) and photoinitiator IG184 (Cyba Geigy) at a ratio of weight CM95: M15: IG184 = 2: 1: 0.06. The mixture is filled with 20 μm glass cells with a ground polyamide coating and cured at 35 ° C. with adequate UV radiation for a sufficiently long time. The broadband polarization film has a bandwidth of approximately 310 nm and reflects the right light from 590 nm to 900 nm. Other nematic materials, such as E7, can also be mixed with acrylic CLC and broaden the polarization bandwidth when exposed to UV light.

Alternative to polymerizable CLC and liquid materials

In most of the examples described above, commercially available polymerizable CLCs and liquid materials can be used to produce ultra-wide band polarized thin film structures. However, the manufacturing techniques of the present invention can also be used with any circulating liquid siloxane, and the mesogenic groups are attached to the siloxane backbone by hydrosilylation as well as any other liquid polymer such as acrylic or the like.

Similarly, the nematic liquid materials used in the above examples are all commercially available, and any low molecular weight non-polymerizable nematic liquid material can be used in the practice of the present invention. In addition, as mentioned in Example 4, polymerizable nematics can be used as long as the relative diffusion rate is greater than the neutralization rate.

The nematics used may be single compound liquid phases such as K15, K24 and M15 which are commercially available from the German EM company. Compound mixtures of various liquid materials such as E31, E44 and E7 and ZLI-2309 and ZLI-5800-100 which are commercially available from the German EM company can also be used in the practice of the present invention. All these liquid phases are present in the nematic phase at room temperature except for K24 which is in the smectic phase at room temperature. When combined with a polymerizable CLC material and a photoinitiator, this liquid phase produces ultra-wideband polarizers at least 700 nm. Finally, at low concentrations of the liquid material in the polymerizable CLC material that is less than 1/6 by weight, the bandwidth drops sharply, indicating that the low concentration of the nematic material is one of the limiting factors. It should also be understood that high concentrations of nematics for CLC, such as a ratio of 2/3, will result in high reflection if the mixture polymerizes at a moderately lower temperature; Otherwise light scattering is induced if the mixture is cured at an unsuitably high temperature.

In the above example, particular UV curing intensities are defined to provide the wideband and ultra-wideband polarizers of the present invention. When a nematic like E7 is used with a CLC material like CC4039L at a rate of 1/2 until the rate of neutralization is connected to the intensity of incident UV radiation during curing, the bandwidth of the polarizer changes with increasing UV intensity. For example, at an intensity of 0.047 mW / cm ² , the bandwidth is 980 nm. And, if cured at 92 ℃ in intensity of 0.97mW / cm ² 700nm, if cured at 92 ℃ at 7.1mW / cm ² bandwidth is 280nm. This clearly indicates that the bandwidth can be controlled by controlling the intensity of the UV radiation.

Embodiments of the present invention are characterized by having an exponential distribution of CLC helical pitches, and precise deviations of the exponential distribution may continue without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Thus, impurities, changes in radiation energy and changes in neutralization of the material lead to deviations from the ideal exponential function, which provides liquidus distribution across the thickness of the polarizer, which can only be explained appropriately nonlinear.

Deviation from the ideal exponential function does not affect the improvement in bandwidth obtained when the distribution is exponential.

Step B: Divide the symmetrical CLC thin film into CLC microflakes (ie micro pigments) and control their size

The second step of the thin film manufacturing process (ie, step B) involves splitting the CLC thin film into CLC microflakes or CLC thin sheets of microscopic dimensions. Note that each broadband CLC microflake has a cholesterically ordered liquid phase about a spiral axis aligned perpendicular to the plane of the broadband CLC microflake. Here, the symmetric CLC thin film can be divided into an unfixed form (removed from the substrate) or attached to the substrate. Some techniques for dividing the CLC thin film into CLC microflakes will be described below.

Split the CLC thin film on the substrate

Using this technique, the CLC thin film is mechanically divided into microscopic flakes and supported on a substrate. Any of the techniques described in US Pat. No. 5,364,557 can be used to divide a substrate support CLC thin film. Typically the CLC thin film and the substrate of the supported CLC thin film are divided. After performing the dividing operation, the divided pigment and substrate material should be carefully removed from the substrate using a substrate separation or chemical etching method. In general, this can be done in one of a number of possible ways. For example, if the substrate material can be physically resolved with some type of solution, such as salt in water, PVA in water, etc. without separating the CLC thin film, then the divided pigments will remain until the substrate material is totally separated. Soak in solution. Therefore, fresh solution is used to rinse the CLC microflakes until the substrate component is totally gone. Finally, the CLC microflakes are dried and ready for bonding with a suitable optical transparent carrier medium.

Alternatively, if the substrate (eg glass) is etched using some type of solvent, such as glass with hydrogen fluoride (HF) acid, the divided CLC microflakes remain in solvent until the substrate is etched entirely. do. Therefore, the CLC micro flakes are washed with a clean solvent to remove the remaining substrate from the CLC micro flakes. Finally, the CLC microflakes are dried to enhance the use of the manufacturing process. Other methods may be used to remove the substrate from the CLC microflakes. For example, wideband CLC thin films made on glass, salt or other substrates that are fragile to mechanical impact can be divided by placing the CLC thin films and substrates in a powerful ultrasonic container. Alternatively, if the CLC thin films of the present invention are not fragile, it is still possible to use them to produce CLC microflakes with recently known patterning and etching techniques. In this case, photoresist or etch resist is generated to project the desired micro flake regions, and the exposed regions are removed by suitable wet or dry etching techniques. This will produce CLC microflakes of the desired size and shape,

Splitting CLC Thin Film Without Substrate (Unfixed Thin Film)

The CLC thin film of the present invention can be divided into microflakes (or sheets), while it can be divided into an unfixed arrangement (removed from the substrate). In this situation, any of the techniques described in US Pat. No. 5,364,557 may be used, including mechanical grinding, ultrasonic splitting and photolithographic and / or chemical etching techniques.

Control the size of CLC microflakes

In order to make the ultra-wideband CLC microflakes for the purpose of making the "ultra white" color medium of the present invention, the thickness of the CLC microflakes should range from approximately 20 μm to 25 μm. The lateral dimension of the microflakes should be at least three times larger than the thickness dimension, i. For the purpose of making ultra white color media, the upper limit of the side size of the CLC microflakes is only about 100 μm.

An example of a CLC micro flake configuration according to the present invention will be described.

Numerous different examples have been presented on how to make CLC thin film materials with LHCP and RHCP reflection properties over ultra-wide, broadband or spectrally controlled regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

CLC microflakes can be made using such CLC thin films and using the various splitting techniques described above.

It should be noted, however, that the CLC microflakes of the present invention can be configured in a variety of different ways to divide by reflective properties to select "symmetrical" polarization. Various embodiments for spectroscopically controlled micro flake configurations of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 11, 2C, 17 and 18. Various implementations for the wideband (or ultra-wideband) microflake construction of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 3B, 3C, 32, and 33. Details of the micro flake configuration according to the respective pitch distribution and the spectral reflection characteristics will be described below.

First Embodiment of Spectroscopically Controlled CLC Microflake Composition of the Invention

In FIG. 11, a first embodiment of the spectroscopically adjusted (narrowband) CLC microflakes of the present invention is schematically described. As shown in Figs. 9 and 10, respectively, such micro flake configurations can be used to produce the color media of the pristine mixed color of the present invention having mirror reflection or non-mirror reflection characteristics. The microflakes consist of thin layers of bilayers, each layer being made of the LHCP or RHCP CLC thin film material, each side having essentially the same circular polarization reflection properties for the visible band of the electromagnetic spectrum. In FIG. 111A, the pitch distribution of CLC molecules along the thickness dimension of the CLC microflakes is shown for the embodiment of the double flake microflakes of FIG. 11. In FIG. 112, the spectral reflection characteristics of the primary (ie, upper) and secondary (ie, lower) planes of the spectrally controlled LHCP (or RHCP) CLC thin film layer are described. The reflection characteristics of this CLC thin film layer yield a color effect (eg, red) of the primary color of the human mixed color of the human visual system. In FIG. 112, a graphical comparison of the spectral reflection characteristics of the primary and secondary sides of the spectrally controlled LHCP (or RHCP) CLC thin film layer is shown. As shown in this graph, there is a significant asymmetry in the spectral reflection characteristics. In order to construct the CLC microflakes of FIG. 11, a pair of CLC thin film layers having the same spectral reflection characteristics are thinly sliced to form a thin thin film structure having symmetrical reflective characteristics. Thus, the flake CLC thin film structure can be divided to form microflakes as described above.

Second Embodiment of Spectroscopically Controlled CLC Microflake Composition of the Invention

In FIG. 2C, a second embodiment of the spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes of the present invention is schematically illustrated. The microflake configuration can be used to produce a color medium with the primary mixed color of the present invention having mirror or non-mirror reflective properties, as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10. As can be seen, these microflakes are composed of bilayer flakes, the primary layer is made from spectrally controlled (narrowband) RHCP CLC thin film material, the secondary layer is made from spectrally controlled LHCP CLC thin film, and each side is It has essentially the same circularly polarized reflection characteristics over the spectrally controlled region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In FIG. 2C1 (A), the pitch distribution of the CLC molecules along the thickness dimension of the CLC microflakes is shown for the first embodiment of the dual lamella microflake configuration of FIG. 2C. In FIG. 2C2, the spectral reflection characteristics of the primary (ie upper) and secondary (ie lower) planes of the spectrally controlled LHCP and RHCP CLC thin film layers are shown graphically. As shown, the reflective properties of this CLC thin film yield a color effect with the primary color of the bare mixed color in the human visual system. In FIG. 2C2, a graphical comparison of the spectral reflection characteristics of the spectrally controlled LHCP and RHCP CLC thin film layers is shown. As shown in this graph configuration, there is a significant asymmetry in the spectral reflection properties of this component layer.

To construct the CLC microflakes of FIG. 2C, the faces of a pair of RHCP and LHCP CLC thin film layers having essentially the same spectroscopic reflective properties are thinly sliced to form a thin slice thin film structure having symmetrical reflective properties. Thus, the flake CLC thin film structure can be divided to form spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes as mentioned above.

Third Embodiment of Spectroscopically Controlled CLC Microflake Composition of the Invention

In FIG. 17, a third embodiment of the spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes of the present invention is schematically illustrated. This micro flake configuration can be used to produce a color medium of the native mixed color of the present invention having mirror reflection or non-mirror reflection characteristics, as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10. The main advantage of this configuration is that the LHCP and RHCP components of the incident light are totally reflected, resulting in a brighter color effect and / or image in nature. However, when the LHCP and RHCP components of incident light are reflected, there are a few limitations combined with the present micro flake configuration that cannot be used for three-dimensional stereoscopic imaging applications.

As shown in FIG. 17, the present microflakes are composed of bilayer thin slices, wherein the primary CLC layer is made from the LHCP CLC thin film material of the primary CLC layer having the primary phase retardation surface, and the secondary CLC layer is adjacent to the primary phase retardation surface. It is made from the LHCP CLC thin film material of the secondary layer having a secondary phase retardation surface formed. The primary and secondary layers have essentially the same circularly polarized reflection characteristics over the spectrally controlled band region of the electromagnetic spectrum designed to operate the microflakes. In general, the primary and secondary phase retardation planes respectively divide the phase retardation into electromagnetic radiation, such that each wavelength of the spectrally controlled band passing through the primary and secondary phase planes has a π radian phase retardation. As a result, when LHCP light enters the RHCP layer of the microflakes and passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes, it is converted to RHCP polarization and passes through the phase natural planes to reflect the LHCP layer of the microflakes. Similarly, when RHCP light enters the microflake plane and passes through the primary and secondary phase retardation planes, it is converted to LHCP polarization and passes through the phase natural plane to reflect the LHCP layer of the microflakes. By this reflection mechanism, the microflake configuration reflects 100% of all incident light in the spectrally controlled band of the microflakes. In general, there are a number of ways to realize the necessary π phase delay at each wavelength over the spectrally controlled band. For example, the primary and secondary phase retardation planes can be designed to respectively divide into [pi] / 2 radian phase delays at each wavelength across the spectroscopically controlled band of microflakes. In some instances, this transition may be difficult to actually perform. In an easier alternative realization, the primary phase retardation surface can be designed to be split into π radians over a spectrally controlled band of the primary region of the microflakes, and the secondary phase retardation surface is spectrally controlled in the secondary region of the microflakes. It can be designed to be divided into π radians over a band. In each embodiment, each phase retardation surface is International Application No. PCT / US97 / 20091, entitled “Method for Making Same Liquid Thin Film Structure with Phase Retardation Region,” filed on Nov. 4 by Saadi Ferris. It is desirable to realize by rearranging the liquid molecules in the CLC thin film layer as described in. Using the phase retardation technique described in this application, as shown in FIG. 19, the pitch of CLC molecules across each phase retardation region φ ₁ and φ ₂ approaches infinity, while the CLC molecules across the LHCP CLC thin film layer. The pitch of is essentially constant. In order to form the CLC microflakes of FIG. 17, the surfaces of a pair of LHCP CLC thin film layers having essentially the same spectral reflection characteristics proceed to form phase delay regions φ ₁ and φ ₂ , respectively, and as shown in FIG. 17. Likewise sliced to form a thin slice thin film structure having a symmetrical reflective property on the outer surface. Thus, the flake CLC thin film structure can be divided to form spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes as described above.

Fourth Embodiment of Spectroscopically Controlled CLC Microplate Configuration of the Invention

In FIG. 18, a fourth embodiment of the spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes of the present invention is schematically illustrated. This micro flake configuration can be used to produce a color medium of the primitive mixed color of the present invention having mirror reflective or non-mirror reflective characteristics, as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10. As can be seen, the present microflakes are composed of bilayer lamina, the primary CLC layer is made from the RHCP CLC thin film material of the primary layer having the primary phase retardation side, and the secondary CLC layer is formed adjacent to the primary phase retardation side It is made from the RHCP CLC thin film material of the secondary layer with the retardation side. The primary and secondary layers have essentially the same circularly polarized reflection characteristics over the spectrally controlled band of the electromagnetic spectrum. In general, each of the primary and secondary phase delay planes divides the phase delay into incident electromagnetic radiation such that each wavelength of the spectrally controlled band passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes and experiences? Radian phase delay. As a result, when LHCP light enters the RHCP layer of the microflakes and passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes, it is converted to RHCP polarization and passes through the phase delay planes to reflect the RHCP layer of the microflakes. Similarly, when RHCP light enters the microflake plane and passes through the primary and secondary phase retardation planes, it is converted to LHCP light and passes through the phase retardation plane to reflect the LHCP layer of the microflakes. With this reflection mechanism, the microflake configuration reflects 100% of all incident light in the spectroscopically controlled band of the microflakes. In general, there are a number of ways in which the necessary π phase delay amount can be realized at each wavelength over a spectrally controlled band of microflakes. For example, the primary and secondary phase retardation planes can be designed to respectively divide into [pi] / 2 radian phase delays at each wavelength across the spectroscopically controlled band of microflakes. However, in some instances this transition may be difficult to actually perform. In an easier alternative, the primary phase delay plane is designed to be divided into π radians over the primary region of the spectrally controlled band, while the secondary phase delay plane is designed to be divided into π radians over the spectrally controlled secondary region. Can be. In each embodiment, the phase retardation face is performed by repositioning the liquid molecules of the CLC thin film layer as described in International Application No. PCT / US97 / 20091 filed by Supra. Using the phase delay formation described in this application, the pitch of CLC molecules across each phase delay region φ ₁ and φ ₂ approaches infinity as described in FIG. 20, while the pitch of CLC molecules across the LHCP CLC thin film layer is It becomes constant. In FIG. 21, the spectral reflection characteristics of the primary (ie upper) and secondary (ie lower) planes of the spectrally controlled RHCP CLC thin film layer are illustrated graphically. As can be seen, the reflective properties of the CLC thin film layer yield a color effect with a bare mixed color (eg red) in the human visual system. In FIG. 21, a graphical comparison of the spectral reflection characteristics of the spectrally controlled LHCP and RHCP CLC thin film layers is shown. As shown in the graph, there is a significant asymmetry in the spectral reflection characteristics of the component layers. In order to construct the micro flakes of FIG. 18, the surfaces of a pair of RHCP CLC thin film layers having essentially the same spectral reflection characteristics are initially processed to form primary and secondary phase delay regions φ ₁ and φ _2, respectively, as shown in FIG. 18. Likewise sliced to form a thin slice thin film structure having symmetrical reflective properties on the outer surface. Thus, the flake CLC thin film structure can be designed to form spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes as described above.

First Embodiment of the Broadband CLC Microflake Configuration of the Present Invention

In FIG. 3B, a fifth embodiment of the broadband CLC microflakes of the present invention is schematically illustrated. The microflake structure can be used to produce the ultra white and mirror color media of the present invention, as shown in each of FIGS. 22 or 23. As can be seen, the present microflakes are composed of bilayer thin slices, each layer made from the ultra wideband (or wideband) LHCP or RHCP CLC thin film material, and each side has the same circular polarized reflection over the visible band region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The nature is inherent. Depending on how the component thin film layer is sliced thinly, different pitch distribution characteristics are generated. For example, the pitch distribution of CLC molecules along the thickness dimension of the CLC microflakes in FIG. 25 represents a first embodiment of the double lamella microplate configuration of FIG. 3B. In FIG. 26, the pitch distribution of CLC molecules along the thickness dimension of the CLC microflakes represents a second embodiment of the double flake microflake configuration of FIG. 3B. In FIG. 27, a graphical comparison of the spectral reflection characteristics of the primary and secondary surfaces of a wideband LHCP (or RHCP) thin film layer is shown. As shown in the graph, there is a significant asymmetry in the spectral reflection properties. In order to construct the wideband CLC micro thin plate of FIG. 3B, the faces of a pair of CLC thin film layers having the same spectral reflection characteristics are thinly sliced to form a thin thin film structure having symmetrical reflection characteristics. Thus, the flake CLC thin film structure is divided to form a wideband CLC micro thin plate as described above.

Second Embodiment of the Broadband CLC Microflake Configuration of the Present Invention

In Fig. 3C, a second embodiment of the wideband CLC microflakes of the present invention is schematically illustrated. This microflake configuration can be used to produce the ultra white or mirrored color media of the present invention, as shown in each of FIGS. 22 or 23. As can be seen, the present microflakes are composed of bilayer thin slices, the primary layer is made from an ultrawideband (or broadband) RHCP CLC thin film material, and the secondary layer is made from an ultrawideband (or broadband) LHCP CLC thin film. Each face essentially has the same circular polarized reflection characteristics over the visible band region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Depending on how the component thin film layer is sliced thinly, different pitch distribution characteristics are generated. For example, in FIG. 29, the pitch distribution of the CLC molecules along the thickness dimension of the CLC microflakes is shown for the first embodiment of the double flake microflake configuration of FIG. 3C. In FIG. 30, the pitch distribution of CLC molecules along the thickness dimension of the CLC microflakes is shown for a second embodiment of the double flake microflake configuration of FIG. 3C. In FIG. 31, the spectral reflection characteristics of the primary (ie, upper) and secondary (ie, lower) planes of the wideband RHCP CLC thin film layer are described graphically. In FIG. 31, a graphical comparison of the spectral reflection characteristics of the broadband LHCP and RHCP CLC thin film layers results in significant asymmetry in the spectral reflection characteristics of these component layers. To construct the CLC microflakes of FIG. 3C, the faces of a pair of RHCP and LHCP CLC thin film layers having essentially the same spectral reflecting properties are thinly sliced to form a thin slice thin film structure having essentially symmetrical reflecting properties. Thus, the flake CLC thin film structure is divided to form micro flakes as described above.

Third Embodiment of Broadband CLC Microflakes of the Present Invention

In Fig. 32, a third embodiment of the broadband CLC microflakes of the present invention is schematically described. The microflakes can be used to produce the ultra white or mirrored color media of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 22 or FIG. The main advantage of this configuration is that both LHCP and RHCP components of the incident light are reflected, resulting in significantly brighter color effects and / or images. However, when both LHCP and RHCP components of the incident light are reflected, there is a hydrophobic limitation combined with the present micro flake configuration that cannot be used for three-dimensional stereoscopic imaging applications.

As shown in FIG. 32, the present microflakes are composed of bilayer thin slices, the primary CLC layer is made from the ultra wideband (or wideband) LHCP CLC thin film material of the primary layer having a primary phase delay plane, and the secondary ultra wideband (or The broadband) CLC layer is made from the LHCP CLC thin film material of the secondary layer having a secondary phase delay surface formed adjacent to the primary phase delay surface. In general, each of the primary and secondary phase delay planes divides the phase delay by incident electromagnetic radiation, and as a result, passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes so that each wavelength in the visible band undergoes π radian phase delay. As a result, when LHCP light enters the RHCP layer of the microflakes and passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes, it is converted to RHCP polarization and passes through the phase delay planes to reflect the LHCP layer of the microflakes. Similarly, when RHCP light enters the microflake plane and passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes, it is converted to LHCP polarization and passes through the phase delay planes to reflect the LHCP layer of the microflakes. By this reflection mechanism, the present micro flake configuration reflects 100% of all incident light in the visible band. In general, there are a number of ways to realize the necessary π phase delay amount at each wavelength over the visible band. For example, the primary and secondary phase delay planes can be designed to be divided into π / 2 radian phase delays at each wavelength over the visible band, respectively. However, in some instances this transition may be difficult to actually perform. In an easier alternative realization, the primary phase delay plane may be designed to divide π radians across the primary region of the visible band, while the secondary phase delay plane may be designed to divide π radians across the secondary region of the visible band. have. Preferably, each phase retardation surface can be realized by rearranging the liquid molecules of the CLC thin film layer as described in International Application No. PCT / US97 / 20091 filed by Supra. Using the phase delay formation techniques described in this application, the pitch of the CLC molecules across each of the primary and secondary phase delay regions φ ₁ and φ ₂ approaches infinity as described in FIG. 34, while across the LHCP CLC thin film layer. The pitch of the CLC molecules is nonlinear (ie exponential) consistent with that described in Application Serial No. 08 / 739.467 filed by Supra.

To construct the CLC microflakes of FIG. 32, the faces of a pair of LHCP CLC thin film layers having essentially the same spectral reflection characteristics proceed to form retardation surfaces φ ₁ and φ ₂ at the beginning of the phase as mentioned above, and FIG. 32. As shown in the figure, the thin pieces are formed on the outer surface to form a thin piece thin film structure having symmetrical reflective properties. Thus, the flake CLC thin film structure is divided to form wideband CLC microflakes as described above.

Fourth Embodiment of Wideband CLC Microflakes of the Present Invention

In Fig. 33, a fourth embodiment of the broadband CLC microflake of the present invention is schematically described. The microflake configuration can be used to produce the ultra white or mirrored color media of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 22 or FIG. As can be seen, the present microflakes are composed of bilayer flakes, the primary CLC layer is made from the ultra-wideband (or broadband) RHCP CLC thin film material of the primary layer with the primary phase delay plane, and the secondary CLC layer is the primary phase delay plane. It is made from a secondary ultrawideband (or wideband) RHCP CLC thin film material with a secondary phase delay plane formed adjacent to it. The primary and secondary layers have essentially the same circularly polarized reflection characteristics over the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In general, each of the primary and secondary phase delay planes of this particular microflake configuration divides the phase delay by incident electromagnetic radiation, and as a result, passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes, causing each wavelength in the visible band to undergo π radian phase delay. do. As a result, when LHCP light enters the RHCP layer of the microflakes and passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes, the LHCP light is converted to RHCP polarized light and passes through the phase delay planes and then reflects the LHCP layer of the microflakes. Let's do it. Similarly, when RHCP light enters the microflake plane and passes through the primary and secondary phase delay planes, the RHCP light is converted to LHCP polarization and passes through the phase delay plane and reflects the LHCP layer of the microflakes.

By this reflecting mechanism, the microflake structure reflects 100% of the light projected into the visible region. Generally, required at each wavelength in the visible range There are many ways to realize phase delay. For example, the first and second phase delay planes have different wavelengths in the visible region Designed to have a phase delay in / 2 radians. In some cases, however, such an operation may be difficult to perform in practice. In another implementation that is easy to perform in practice, the first phase delay plane is associated with the first portion of the visible region. Designed to be radian delayed, and a second phase delay plane for the first part of the visible region It is designed to be delayed in radians. In a preferred embodiment, each phase retardation surface can be realized by molecularly rearranging the CLC film layer liquid crystal molecules as shown in PCT / US97 / 20091, filed Nov. 4, 1997. Using the phase delay shape technique as shown in the pending application, the pitch of the CLC molecular phase is ₁ lesson _{As 2} approaches infinity, the pitch of the CLC molecules in the RHCP CLC film layer appears nonlinear (ie, exponential) as shown in FIG. 35, which was published on May 9, 1997 by Applicant's WIPO International Application. As shown in WO 97/16762.

36 shows graphically the spectral reflection characteristics of the first (ie, top) and second (ie, bottom) of the ultra-wideband RHCP CLC film layer. 36 shows the spectral reflection characteristics of the broadband CLC film layer in a graph comparison. As shown in the graph, the spectral reflection characteristics of this component layer are markedly asymmetric. In order to construct the CLC microflakes of FIG. 33, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, the surfaces of a pair of RHCP CLC film layers having substantially the same spectral reflection characteristics are each first ₁ lesson _It proceeds to form the _two phase retardation surface, and thus forms an overlapped layered layer to form a layered film having symmetrical reflection characteristics on the outer surface as shown in FIG. Next, the layered CLC film structure can be sliced to form a wideband CLC microflake as described above.

Step C: Selection of an Optically Clear Carrier (Host) of CLC Microflakes

The third step of the CLC color media manufacturing process (ie, "Step C") is related to the selection of the light transmitting carrier by conveying the CLC microflakes. In general, the carrier selection process should take into account the refractive index, solubility, viscosity, surface adhesion, temperature resistance, humidity, mechanical twist, and the like of the carrier. Preferably, the nature of the carrier should be carefully chosen to match the average size, size and optical properties (eg refractive index) of the CLC microflakes.

In particular, the carrier must be optically clear (ie clear) upon curing. The carrier should have a refractive index close to that of the CLC microflakes. The carrier must not break (eg dissolve) the CLC microflakes and must be able to withstand, for example, 90 ° C. in a relatively high temperature environment. Preferably the carrier should be flexible when cured or dried. However, if the CLC color media is printed / painted on the surface of a rigid substrate, a non-flexible carrier can be used. The carrier may be cured by air curing by thermosetting, photon curing or evaporation. After drying, the CLC microflakes remain permanently and stably within the carrier in terms of optical properties.

The spectroscopically adjusted CLC microflakes shown in FIGS. 11-21 are shown in FIG. 9 in order to provide the primary mixed color medium of the present invention to be displayed in a very vivid color to the viewer's eye without being dependent on the viewing angle. As such, the carrier has any orientation in the coating or layer to which it is applied. In this way, light projecting with a reflective region of 400 nm to 700 nm in the visible region is reflected in such a way as to diffuse (i.e. not mirror-reflect) in the color gamut of the additive mixed color. In order to ensure the assumption that the CLC microflakes have a substantially arbitrary or near random orientation within the coating of the carrier, the average thickness of the film coating should be at least 60 microns (at least 60 microns) to ensure a large viewing angle near 90 ° perpendicular to the surface. Or the largest linear dimension of the CLC microflakes). This will be explained in more detail in step D below, wherein the thickness of this carrier can be obtained by adjusting the viscosity of the carrier and the spectrally tuned CLC microflakes applied to the layer (or coating) of the ultra white color medium are automatically applied within the applied layer. It can be assumed that the direction is actually arbitrary or near. In order to approximate the orientation of these CLC flakes, a coating of a suitable thickness (eg 60 microns) of CLC ink or paint must be applied to the substrate during drying. CLC microflake size is 60 microns or less, the thickness of the microflakes is 20 microns or less, and a 60 micron thick coating is assumed while the portion of the microflakes is applied to the substrate in a substantially arbitrary or near random direction, The other microflakes are stacked in a cross relationship with the substrate in the carrier.

The additive mixed primary color medium of the present invention provides very vivid color to the viewer's field of view that is "affected" by the viewing angle, and the spectrally adjusted CLC flakes are coated or carrier applied layers, as shown in FIG. Should have a regular direction. In this way, the projected light having a reflecting region of 400 nm to 750 nm in the visible region is reflected in such a manner that it does not diffuse differently (i.e., mirror reflects) to the region of the visible angle within the color gamut of the additive mixed color. The color media coating provides a fascinating, visually appealing color effect depending on the viewing angle.

The ultra white color medium of the present invention provides ultra white (such as MgO) color to the viewer's field of view unaffected by the viewing angle, and the wideband CLC microflakes are randomly (or optionally) as shown in FIG. Close) in the coating or layer of the carrier applied. In this way, broadband projecting light having a spectral component of 400 nm to 750 nm in the visible region is reflected in a diffused (ie non-reflective) manner. In the case of additive mixed primary color media, the thickness of these carriers can be obtained by adjusting the viscosity of the carrier and the broadband CLC microflakes applied to the layer (or coating) of the ultra white color media are automatically applied in the applied layer. Or it may be assumed that the direction is near. To facilitate any orientation of these CLC flakes, a coating of a suitable thickness (eg 60 microns) of CLC ink or paint should be applied to the substrate during drying. CLC microflake size is less than 60 microns, the thickness of the microflakes is approximately 20 microns, and a coating of 60 microns thick is assumed while the portion of the microflakes is applied to the substrate in any or near random directions, while other fines The flakes are stacked in a transverse relationship to the substrate in the carrier.

The color media of the present invention provide a mirror-like color in the viewer's field of view that is "affected" by the viewing angle, and the broadband CLC microflakes are regularly in the coating or layer of the applied carrier, as shown in FIG. And it should have a flat orientation. In this way, the light projected onto a broadband having a spectral component of 400 nm to 750 nm in the visible region is reflected in a non-diffusing (ie mirror reflective) manner of the viewing angle. The color media coating can be used to provide mirror-like surfaces and finishing materials without being affected by the viewing angle.

Selection of a suitable carrier fluid for the CLC inks and paints of the present invention is described in J. 1988, which is incorporated by reference. This can be found by referring to Chapter 18 of "Printing Technology (3rd Edition)" published by Michael Adams, The Delmar Publisher, Albany, NY. Notably, the carrier can be realized using a wax material to form crayons according to the application tendency. In other suitable carriers, the CLC inks and paints of the present invention include additives for stickiness, rate of drying, adhesion to the substrate, the use of each printing or painting method, and also for other properties.

Step D: Addition of CLC Microflakes to Selected Carriers to Provide Preferred Color Media of the Invention

The fourth step of the color media manufacturing process (ie, "Step D") is a CLC for producing one of the ultra-white (i.e., MgO) color media of the present invention, color media such as mirrors, or primary color media of additive color mixing. The addition of microflakes (prepared in step B) to a light transmissive carrier (selected in step C) is concerned. The fabrication process will be described in detail in four embodiments of the CLC color media of the present invention described below.

Determination of Critical Concentration for Broadband CLC Microflakes in Ultra White Color Media of the Invention

To produce color media having "ultra white" color properties under broadband light conditions (but not "mirror" color properties), broadband CLC microflakes are added to the carrier at least in "critical" concentrations. This results in non-reflective (i.e. diffuse) reflection of the widespread light that is projected onto the carrier, the microflake size distribution, and the surface coated with the color medium, thereby causing a person's field of view (or Image detection systems such as color cameras) to ensure that colors such as "white" or magnesium oxide (MgO) are seen. The critical concentration is expressed in milligrams (mg) of CLC microflakes per cubic centimeter (cc) and is affected by several variables, for example: (1) the viscosity of the carrier in the temperature range applied; (2) how the color medium is applied; (3) the size of the CLC microflakes in the carrier; (4) The surface tension of the carrier fluid when the radiation absorbing surface is applied. In the following, an iterative process will be described to determine the critical concentration for the "ultra white" color medium of the present invention.

The first step in the iterative concentration determination process involves the selection of wideband CLC microflakes and optically transparent carriers as described above. In a systematic manner, the size distribution of the broadband CLC microflakes at room temperature and the viscosity properties of the selected carrier are recorded. Next, a specific amount of the selected CLC microflakes is added to a specific carrier fluid and mixed together. If the carrier is solid at room temperature (in the case of a wax carrier), the carrier is liquefied before the broadband CLC microflakes are added to the carrier. Any vehicle (additive) should be added if the carrier is in liquid state. The resulting color medium is thus applied as a radiation absorbing surface to form a color coating on its top surface, which is then dried or cured. The resulting color coating is brightened with broadband rounded deflection light (e.g., dazzling or provided from other sources of light) and is observed by one or more people carefully compared to a typical magnesium oxide paint sample. . The observer records by cognition (eg too bright, not white enough).

Returning to the beginning of the repetitive process, the designer then changes the concentration of the wideband CLC microflakes added to the chosen carrier, prepares a new sample of color media, applies the same radiation absorbing surface, and Compare the magnesium oxide paint samples with the color effects provided. Typically, designers adjust the concentration of broadband CLC microflakes, assuming that the resulting color coating will have the same viscosity of the carrier fluid in order to have a color effect comparable to that of magnesium oxide paint in broadband light conditions (e.g., For example). If necessary, the designer may choose to adjust (eg, increase) the viscosity of the carrier at room temperature to allow the wideband CLC microflakes to be assumed in any direction within the carrier. Notably, the particular application technique (eg brush stroke) affects the orientation of the CLC microflakes that depend on concentration in the carrier. In addition, if it is possible to increase the viscosity of the carrier, a selected application technique is provided so that the designer can select using a wideband CLC microflake having a small size distribution so that the microflake is a relatively thin carrier applied to the surface. Any direction can be assumed within.

Determination of Critical Concentration for Broadband CLC Microflakes in Color Media, Such as Mirror of the Invention

In order to produce color media having "mirror-like" color properties under broadband light conditions (not "super white" color properties), it is important that broadband CLC microflakes be added under "critical" concentration. This results in a mirror reflection of the provided carrier, microflake size distribution, and broadband light that is projected onto the surface coated with the color medium, thereby causing a person's field of view (or an image detection system such as a color camera) that is not affected by the viewing angle. Make sure to show "mirror-like" colors. In the case of the ultra white color medium of the present invention, the critical concentration is expressed in milligrams (mg) of CLC microflakes per cubic centimeter (cc) and is affected by several variables, for example: (1) Application Viscosity of the carrier in the temperature range; (2) how the color medium is applied; (3) the size of the CLC microflakes in the carrier; (4) The surface tension of the carrier fluid when the radiation absorbing surface is applied. In the following, an iterative process will be described to determine the critical concentration for the " mirror " color medium of the present invention.

The first step in the iterative concentration determination process involves the selection of wideband CLC microflakes and optically transparent carriers as described above. In a systematic manner, the size distribution of the broadband CLC microflakes at room temperature and the viscosity properties of the selected carrier are recorded. Next, a specific amount of the selected CLC microflakes is added to a specific carrier fluid and mixed together. If the carrier is solid at room temperature (in the case of a wax carrier), the carrier is liquefied before the broadband CLC microflakes are added to the carrier. Any vehicle (additive) should be added if the carrier is in liquid state. The resulting color medium is thus applied as a radiation absorbing surface (e.g., by screen printing or brush stroke) to form a color coating on its top, and then dried or cured. The resulting color coating is brightened with broadband rounded deflection light (eg, dazzling or provided from another source of light) and is carefully observed by one or more people compared to a common plate mirror. The observer records by the observer's perception (eg too bright, not white enough).

Returning to the beginning of the repetitive process, the designer then changes the concentration of the wideband CLC microflakes added to the chosen carrier, prepares a new sample of color media, applies the same radiation absorbing surface, and Compare the color effect provided with the sample, such as a mirror (eg plate). Typically, designers need to adjust the concentration of the wideband CLC microflakes, assuming that the resulting color coating remains the same in the viscosity of the carrier fluid in order to have a color effect comparable to a mirror-like plate under broadband light conditions. There is. If necessary, the designer may choose to reduce the viscosity of the carrier at room temperature to allow wideband CLC microflakes to be assumed in a flat or near flat direction in the carrier. Notably, the particular application technique (eg brush stroke) affects the orientation of the CLC microflakes depending on the concentration in the carrier. In addition, if it is possible to reduce the viscosity of the carrier, a selected application technique is provided so that the designer can select using a wideband CLC microflake having a small size distribution so that the microflake is a relatively thin carrier applied to the surface. It is possible to assume a direction that is sufficiently flat within.

Determination of Critical Concentration for Spectrally-Adjusted CLC Microflakes on Reflective Mixed Primary Color Media Reflecting Without Mirror Reflection

In display applications, such as 2-D and 3-D image display applications, it is often desirable to utilize the additive mixed primary color media of the present invention and to exclude "mirror reflections" formed from such color media.

The main reason for the non-mirror reflection in image display applications is that the specular reflection depends heavily on the observer's "visibility angle". This color appearance can distort the display of color image information under broadband light conditions.

In situations where the primary color coating of additive mixture (and the image formed therefrom) must possess non-reflective (ie diffuse) reflection properties, the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes are added to the carrier at least in "critical concentration". It is important. This results in non-reflective reflections of the widespread light projected onto the carrier, the microflake size distribution, and the surface coated with the color medium, and thus the visual field of the person (or image, such as a color camera), which is not affected by the "visibility". Detection system) to provide a pre-specified primary color appearance of the additive mixed color-red, green, or blue. The critical concentration is expressed in milligrams (mg) of CLC microflakes per cubic centimeter (cc) and is affected by several variables, for example: (1) the viscosity of the carrier in the temperature range applied; (2) how the color medium is applied; (3) the size of the CLC microflakes in the carrier; (4) The surface tension of the carrier fluid when the radiation absorbing surface is applied. In the following, an iterative process will be described to determine the critical concentration on a "primary mixed primary color" color medium that exhibits non-reflective reflective properties when applied to a radiation absorbing surface.

The first step of the iterative concentration determination process involves the selection of spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes and optically transparent carriers as described above. In a systematic manner, the size distribution of the broadband CLC microflakes at room temperature and the viscosity properties of the selected carrier are recorded. Next, a specific amount of the selected wideband CLC microflakes is added to a specific carrier fluid and mixed together. If the carrier is solid at room temperature (in the case of a wax carrier), the carrier becomes liquid before the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes are added to the carrier. Any vehicle (additive) should be added if the carrier is in liquid state. The resulting color medium is thus applied as a radiation absorbing surface (e.g., by screen printing or brush stroke) to form a color coating on its top, and then dried or cured. The resulting color coating is brightened with rounded deflection light (e.g., dazzling or provided from other sources of light), and various angles of view to carefully observe whether the angle of view actually affects the color effect. From one or more people. Observers record their observations (eg, perceived color is affected by the viewing angle).

Next, back to the initial stage of the iterative process, the designer changes the concentration of spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes added to the chosen carrier, prepares a new sample of color media, applies the same radiation absorption surface, Determines whether the sample is color affected by the angle. Typically, designers want the resulting color coating to remain unaffected by the viewing angle in broadband light conditions and to maintain the same viscosity of the carrier fluid to provide one color effect (e.g. red, green or blue). It is assumed that the concentration of the wideband CLC microflakes needs to be adjusted. If necessary, the designer can choose to increase the viscosity of the carrier at room temperature to allow the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes to be assumed in any or almost any direction in the carrier. Notably, certain application techniques (eg brush strokes) affect the orientation of the CLC microflakes depending on their concentration in the carrier. In addition, if it is possible to increase the viscosity of the carrier, a selected application technique is provided so that the designer can choose to use spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes having a small size distribution so that the microflakes are relatively thin applied to the surface. Any or almost any orientation can be assumed in the carrier.

Determination of Critical Concentration for Spectrally-Adjusted CLC Microflakes on Mirror-reflected Primary Color Media

In non-image display applications, such as automotive painting, the "mirror reflection" scheme with color coatings formed from such color media, using the additive mixed primary color media of the present invention, is often desirable. Mirror reflections from color coatings are desirable because they can create visual effects that capture the field of view under broadband (external) light conditions.

In situations where additive mixed primary color coatings must possess specular reflection properties, it is important that the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes be added to the carrier under "critical concentration". This results in a mirror reflection (i.e. non-diffusion) of the provided carrier, microflake size distribution, and broadband light projected onto the surface coated with the color medium, and thus the field of view (or color camera) of the person affected by the "visibility angle". Image detection system) to provide a pre-specified primary color appearance of additive mixed color-red, green, or blue. The critical concentration is expressed in milligrams (mg) of CLC microflakes per cubic centimeter (cc) and is affected by several variables, for example: (1) the viscosity of the carrier in the temperature range applied; (2) how the color medium is applied; (3) the size of the CLC microflakes in the carrier; (4) The surface tension of the carrier fluid when the radiation absorbing surface is applied. In the following, an iterative process will be described to determine the critical concentration for the "primary color of primary color" color media that exhibits specular reflection properties when applied to the radiation absorbing surface and is applied to the surface of automobiles, school equipment or ships.

The first step of the third iterative concentration determination process involves the selection of spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes and optically clear carriers as described above. In a systematic manner, the size distribution of the broadband CLC microflakes at room temperature and the viscosity properties of the selected carrier are recorded. Next, a specific amount of the selected wideband CLC microflakes is added to a specific carrier fluid and mixed together. If the carrier is solid at room temperature (in the case of a wax carrier), the carrier becomes liquid before the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes are added to the carrier. Any vehicle (additive) should be added if the carrier is in liquid state. The resulting color medium is thus applied as a radiation absorbing surface (e.g., by screen printing or brush stroke) to form a color coating on its top, and then dried or cured. The resulting color coating is brightened with rounded deflection light (e.g., dazzling or provided from other sources of light), and various angles of view to carefully observe whether the angle of view actually affects the color effect. From one or more people. Observers record their observations (eg, “a perceived color is slightly influenced by the viewing angle”).

Next, back to the initial stage of the iterative process, the designer changes the concentration of spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes added to the chosen carrier, prepares a new sample of color media, applies the same radiation absorption surface, Determines whether the sample is color affected by the angle. Typically, the designer assumes that the resulting color coating is unaffected by the viewing angle in broadband light conditions and that the microflakes have a sufficiently flat or nearly flat array and that one color effect (eg, red, green or It is necessary to reduce the concentration of broadband CLC microflakes, assuming that the viscosity of the carrier fluid remains the same in order to provide blue). If necessary, the designer may choose to reduce the viscosity of the carrier at room temperature to allow spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes to be assumed to be flat or nearly flat in the carrier under gravity and color media application. Notably, as with the case described above, certain application techniques (eg brush strokes) affect the orientation of the CLC microflakes that depend on concentration in the carrier. In addition, if it is possible to reduce the viscosity of the carrier, a selected application technique is provided, so that the designer can choose to use spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes having a small size distribution so that the carriers with relatively thin carriers are applied. It can be excluded to have a flat or nearly flat orientation in the surface to be applied, so that the majority of these microflakes fall sufficiently within one plane in contact with the surface to which the color coating is applied.

Method of mixing broadband and spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes in selected carriers: 2-D application

When producing color media to utilize 2-D color and imaging applications, it is preferable to mix the CLC microflakes in the following proportions: (A) For ultra white color media, the same proportions of (i) Broadband CLC microflakes with left circularly polarized light (LHCP) properties and (ii) Broadband CLC microflakes with right circularly polarized light (RHCP) properties are added to a carefully selected optically transparent carrier; (B) For a color medium such as a mirror, (i) wideband CLC microflakes having the same ratio of left circular polarization (LHCP) and (ii) wide band CLC microflakes having the right circular polarization (RHCP) characteristics. Add to carefully selected optically clear carriers; And (C) for mixed primary color media, (i) "spectral controlled" CLC microflakes with left circularly polarized light (LHCP) properties and (ii) "spectroscopically controlled with right circularly polarized light (RHCP) properties. "CLC microflakes are added to carefully selected optically clear carriers. This approach can ensure maximum reflection of ambient light from the surface coating formed using the ultra white and / or additive mixed primary color media of the present invention.

Mixed Mode of Broadband and Spectroscopically Controlled CLC Microflakes in Selected Carriers: 3-D Application

When producing color media to use stereoscopic 3-D imaging applications (which will be explained in more detail later), it is desirable to mix CLC microflakes in the following proportions: (A1) Left (LH-type) For ultra white color media, broadband CLC microflakes with only left circularly polarized light (LHCP) properties are added to a carefully selected optically transparent carrier; (A2) For RH-type ultra white color media, broadband CLC microflakes with only right circular polarization (LHCP) properties are added to a carefully selected optically transparent carrier; (B1) For color media such as LH-type mirrors, broadband CLC microflakes with only left circularly polarized light (LHCP) properties are added to a carefully selected optically transparent carrier; (B2) For color media such as RH-type mirrors, broadband CLC microflakes with only right circular polarization (RHCP) properties are added to a carefully selected optically transparent carrier; For (C1) LH-type additive mixed primary color media, "spectroscopically controlled" CLC microflakes with only left circularly polarized light (LHCP) properties are added to a carefully selected optically transparent carrier; For (C2) RH-type additive mixed primary color media, "spectroscopically controlled" CLC microflakes with only right circularly polarized light (LHCP) properties are added to carefully selected optically transparent carriers. Using this approach, the color medium of the present invention uses an LH-type additive mixed primary and an ultra white color medium, while the left image element of the SMI is polarized with only LHCP light reflected from the image surface. The right image element of SMI formed using type additive mixed primary and ultra white color media is used to form a stereoscopic 3-D polarized spatial multiple image (SMI) as if it were polarized with RHCP light reflected from the image surface only. Can be.

In the manner described above, the CLC microflakes of the present invention are mixed in a suitable carrier to provide CLC ink, paint or crayon materials for use with 2-D or 3-D printing, drawing, painting and other types of imaging applications. do. One example of a suitable carrier fluid is a lacquer (eg PUL varnish in Malabu, Germany) that can be optically clean and thermally cured. Preferably, the CLC color medium formed by the process is designed to be applied at room temperature and does not require any other kind of alignment. After the color medium is applied to the substrate and cured, the formed coating remains stable with respect to the ambient light and temperature environment. The optical properties of color media produced using this method can be achieved by applying the color media on top of the radiation absorbing substrate (eg black background) using any suitable color media application technique (eg screen printing, painting, etc.). Can be tested.

Step E: Preparation / Treatment of Substrate (ie Surface) to which Color Media is Applied

Prior to using the CLC color medium of the present invention, which is a "priority primary color" color system, the substrate (i.e., surface) printed or painted on the top surface may be used for the spectrum of light in the ambient environment (e.g. 400 nm to 750 nm). Properly performing radiation absorption must first be ensured. Typically, this involves applying a flat (not shiny) black primer (ie, darkening the surface) to the substrate using conventional techniques. The substrate may be made of various kinds of materials including actual paper, glass, metal, plastic, fabric, and the like.

When an ultra white CLC color medium is applied to the radiation absorbing surface to form a non-mirror reflective color image or color surface, the CLC helical end of the liquid crystal molecules in each microflake is perpendicular to the flat surface of the microflake. However, the broadband CLC microflakes are moored in parallel with the carrier or optionally or almost optionally with the carrier for substrates that overlap with other microflakes of interest. Due to the arrangement of the broadband CLC microflakes in the carrier, the light projected onto the CLC coating is naturally non-mirror (i.e. diffuse) reflecting, thereby "human white" color response characteristics such as magnesium oxide at human vision. To provide.

When an ultra white CLC color medium is applied to the radiation absorbing surface to form a non-mirror reflective color image or color surface, the CLC helical end of the liquid crystal molecules in each microflake is perpendicular to the flat surface of the microflake. However, the broadband CLC microflakes are moored in parallel with the carrier or optionally or almost optionally with the carrier for substrates that overlap with other microflakes of interest. Due to the arrangement of the broadband CLC microflakes in the carrier, the light projected onto the CLC coating is naturally non-mirror (i.e. diffuse) reflecting, thereby "human white" color response characteristics such as magnesium oxide at human vision. To provide.

When a CLC color medium such as a mirror is applied to the radiation absorbing surface to form a mirror reflecting color image or color surface, the CLC helical ends of the liquid crystal molecules in each microflake are perpendicular to the flat surface of the microflake. Broadband CLC microflakes have a generally planar relationship with other microflakes and are moored parallel to the carrier with respect to the substrate. Due to the arrangement of the broadband CLC microflakes in the carrier, the light projected onto the CLC coating that implements the broadband CLC microflakes is naturally mirrored (i.e., non-diffusion) to reflect the human eye. Provide color response characteristics.

When a mirror reflection CLC color medium is applied to the radiation absorbing surface to form a mirror reflection color image or color surface, the CLC helical ends of the liquid crystal molecules in each micro flake are perpendicular to the flat surface of the micro flake, Spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes have a generally planar relationship with other microflakes and are moored parallel to the carrier with respect to the substrate. By arranging the spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes in the carrier, the light projected onto the CLC coatings embodying the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes is naturally mirror (i.e., non-diffusion) reflecting, thereby greatly increasing the viewing angle. It is affected and provides high saturation red, green or blue color response to human vision.

When a non-mirror reflecting CLC color medium is applied to the radiation absorbing surface to form a non-mirror reflecting color image or color surface, the CLC helical end of the liquid crystal molecules in each micro flake is perpendicular to the flat side of the micro flake. In this regard, the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes have an almost arbitrary relationship and are moored in the carrier. By arranging the spectroscopically controlled CLC microflakes in the carrier, the light projected onto the CLC coatings embodying the spectrally controlled CLC microflakes is naturally non-mirror (i.e., diffused) to reflect, thereby reducing the viewing angle. It is unaffected and provides one color saturation characteristic to human vision.

Step F: Application of CLC Color Media to the Treated Substrate

Using the notable addition and color saturation properties of the present invention, red, green, blue and ultra white CLC inks can provide all of the colors that are perceptible to the human eye. These CLC color inks, paints and crayons are mixed alone or in combination with an ultra white (such as MgO) medium before being applied to the substrate or in turn to the substrate. The CLC ink and paint can be applied to virtually any radiation absorbing surface having 2-D or 3-D surface properties.

CLC color media application mechanism of the present invention

In general, there are two methods of applying the CLC color medium of the present invention.

The first application method involves mixing the CLC microflakes (ie, pigments) directly into the optically transparent carrier to form the CLC ink or paint of the present invention. Next, the CLC ink or paint is printed or painted on the substrate surface through a printing screen, inkjet printing, gravure printing, brush stroke, and the like.

The second application method involves printing or painting the carrier on the substrate surface. Next, while the carrier is not cured and has adhesive properties, the CLC microflakes are applied on top of the substrate surface comprising the carrier. Because of the influence of the viscosity of the carrier and the concentration of the microflakes, the microflakes stay on the carrier substrate or diffuse below the surface of the carrier to provide desirable and necessary mirror or non-reflective properties for the application. It is enacted.

Drying / Curing Mechanism of CLC Color Media of the Present Invention

In general, there are several methods for curing or drying a CLC color medium. Hereinafter, three preferable methods are mentioned below.

The first drying mechanism is based on evaporation. According to this method, the CLC microflakes are mixed in a carrier comprising a specific type of solvent or other solvent. After the CLC color medium is applied to the substrate (by printing or painting), the solvent begins to evaporate. Once all of the solvent has evaporated, the CLC microflakes are permanently present inside the optically transparent carrier.

The second drying mechanism is based on photon polymerization. According to this method, the CLC microflakes are mixed with a carrier which is polymerized by photons. One example of a photon polymerizable carrier is an ultraviolet curable epoxy or adhesive, which is polymerized to form an optically transparent medium in a solid state in response to ultraviolet radiation exposure.

The third drying mechanism is based on thermosetting. According to this method, the CLC microflakes are mixed with a carrier which is polymerized by thermosetting. One example of a thermoset carrier is the PUL varnish from Marib, Germany, which is polymerized and exists in a solid state to form an optically transparent medium in response to infrared radiation exposure.

Application of a protective layer / index-matching layer to the color medium of the present invention

Optionally, an optically clear protective (or index matching) layer can be applied to the CLC ink or paint coating of the present invention. Such protective (or index matching) coatings may be applied by printing, painting or other application techniques well known in the art. When using the CLC coating to create a 3-D image for three-dimensional appearance, it is desirable to apply an optically transparent index matching layer on the surface printed with the CLC coating medium. The function of the index matching layer is to "fill" the three-dimensional surface irregularities in order to make them optically smooth. This can reduce the dispersion of light on the surface of the substrate (with color media applied), and since the circularly polarized light (reflected from the spatial multiple image (SMI)) formed from the CLC color media is not attenuated while visible in stereo, Stereo-channel, cross-talk can be effectively avoided.

Application of CLC Color Media of the Invention

The arranged CLC inks and paints of the present invention can be used in the printing, signage, visual and decorative arts industries. Such CLC inks can be applied by known means at room temperature and do not require an arrangement of CLC molecules to form the desired helical. In CLC inks, the arranged CLC flakes are moored in a host fluid or host matrix that is affected by printing or imaging applications. In crayon or pencil form, the host matrix is a material having wax or similar adhesive properties in a solid state at room temperature. This is used by painting, wiping the CLC microflakes and host matrix of appropriate color onto black paper. Host fluids can be applied to pencils for drawing, painting, drawing and writing. The ink may be used by a tool such as a brush, roller or spray gun. CLC inks can also be used for offset printing when the host fluid is made hydrophobic, and also gravure and flexographic when the host fluid is printed on a plastic substrate or other substrate. Can be used for printing. The CLC microflakes and / or inks of the present invention can also be used as toners in electronic graphic copiers and printers and thermal color printers as well as inkjet printers. According to the present invention, a color image is provided with a saturation and luminosity in which the main colors have more improved saturation than those provided by conventional pigments and dyes. Collectively, the “broadband” and “spectral controlled” CLC microflakes of the present invention that make up the color coating and image formed on the radiation absorbing substrate provide a significant curl effect that is difficult to achieve with prior art CLC inks and paints. Reflective circularly polarized light.

Stereoscopic 3-D Visual Application of CLC Inks and Paints of the Invention

In addition, the color medium of the present invention can be used to provide polarized color composite images to support stereoscopic 3-D visual effects. When such an image is viewed through a pair of electrically affected circularly polarized glasses, the vividly expressed 3-D object and / or landscape of the composite image has markedly improved brightness and color characteristics (ie, depth of color). The image is shown three-dimensionally in (human) vision.

Preferably, each polarized composite image consists of left and right polarized and projected images formed on the radiation absorbing surface in an overlapping manner without spatial multiplexing. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, each polarized and projected image is a "super white" (i.e. white such as magnesium oxide (MgO)) and additive mixed color (i.e., a symmetrical microflake with polarization / reflection characteristics). , "Red", "green" and "blue"). The new color media used to form the polarized and projected image can be realized in the form of paint, ink, crayon (wax or chalk), toner or any other media applicable to thin coatings on a radiation absorbing surface of any surface arrangement. Can be. By using the reflective polarizing color medium of the present invention, it is possible to classify all depths of color (e.g., brightness of various colors) in a color image formed on a radiation absorbing surface in a manner difficult to achieve in conventional color classification techniques. .

8A shows a system 10 for forming a hard-copy polarized composite image 12 on a radiation absorbing surface 12 (eg, paper, plastic, etc.). As shown here, the system comprises a perspective image generator 13 for generating the necessary control signals with left and right perspective images I _L and I _R ; By generator 13 to classify "primary mixed primary colors" (e.g., R _LHCP , G _LHCP , B _LHCP ) and "Ultra White" (SW _LHCP ) color characteristics corresponding to the LHCP components of the see-through light. A plurality of left circularly polarized light (LHCP) format color media applicators for applying LHCP format color media on the radiation absorbing surface 12 in response to the generated control signal; By generator 13 to classify "primary mixed primary colors" (e.g., RR _HCP , GR _HCP , BR _HCP ) and "ultra white" (SWR _HCP ) color characteristics corresponding to the RHCP component of the see-through light. And a color medium applicator in right circularly polarized light (RHCP) format for applying RHCP format color media on the radiation absorbing surface 12 in response to the generated control signal. In general, the function of the image generator is to operate the LHCP and RHCP color media applicators 14A, 14B in a sequential or parallel manner, and thus to provide the stereo heterogeneity (transition) required for 3-D stereoscopic imaging. The LHCP and RHCP formats of the CLC color media corresponding to the left and right perspective image elements of the color SMI are applied.

In general, color media applicators 14A and 14B may be realized with pens, brushes, spray nozzles, toner-application / fusing mechanisms, and the like. The function of the color medium applicator 14A, 14B is to apply the color medium based on the LHCP CLC on the substrate, while simultaneously applying the color medium based on the RHCP CLC on the substrate. By virtue of the optical properties of the color medium applicator, color media based on the LHCP CLC pass all wavelengths of light that it sees, while at the same time reflecting only LHCP light within the projected broadband. In addition, due to the optical nature of the color medium applicator, color media based on RHCP CLCs pass all wavelengths of light passing through, while at the same time reflecting only RHCP light within the projected broadband. The exact reflection / polarization characteristics associated with the color media based on each CLC of the present invention are classified on the radiation absorbing surface as they depend on the desired color characteristics.

As shown in FIG. 8A, the polarized composite image 11 of each hard copy is indicated by a left (LH) polarized perspective image of a 3-D object or landscape, as indicated by reference numeral 11A, and by reference numeral 14. As described above, it is configured to include the right (RH) polarized perspective image of the 3-D object or the landscape. The 3-D object shown in the fluoroscopy image is "actually" or artificially created. As shown here, the perspective images based on these polarized CLCs overlap each other on the radiant absorption spread surface without spatial multiplexing. The left and right perspective images are inherently polarized by a color medium used to form a perspective image by natively classifying different reflection / polarization characteristics in each left and right perspective image. Specifically, the left perspective image passes all wavelengths of light that it sees while simultaneously reflecting only LHCP light within the projected broadband. The right perspective image passes all wavelengths of light that it sees, while reflecting only RHCP light within the projected broadband.

In the case of hand-painted painting or drawing, the image generator 13 is a human, and the LHCP and RHCP color media applicators 14A, 14B are mounted to apply LHCP and RHCP based color media on the surface of the substrate. It can be realized with a pen, brush, pencil, crayon or spray gun. In this case, the source of the perspective images I _L and I _R arises from the creative talents of man. If the LHCP format and the RHCP format CLC microflakes are included in commonly distributed crayon materials, the LHCP and RHCP imaging elements can be drawn by artists wearing polarized glasses, and thus to recognize 3-D stereoscopic images. It is shown to the viewer through polarized glasses. As a result, the painting looks completely different when viewed in 2-D (without glasses).

In the case of offset print, gravure print or flexographic printing, the image generator 13 is a computer operated offset printer, gravure computer or flexographic print, respectively, and the left and right color media applicators are provided by this applicator. Ink application means. The color medium applicator 14A and 14B also includes a cylinder covered with a plate having a format in which the desired image can be printed. In this application, the perspective images I _L and I _R can be obtained from memory storage devices such as VRAM, which are well known in the art.

In the case of computer-generated prints, the LHCP and RHCP color media applicators 14A, 14B are locally applied to apply LHCP or RHCP format CLC ink on a pen or substrate 12 similar to that used in pen plotters. It can be realized with a thermal printing head that softens LHCP or RHCP CLC coated ribbons. Further, the color medium applicator can be realized in the form of a nozzle used in an inkjet printer. In this application, the perspective images I _L and I _R can be obtained from memory storage devices such as VRAM, which are well known in the art.

Other methods and apparatus for printing polarized perspective images using the color media of the present invention include (1) left and right Cholester liquid crystal (CLC) inks of the desired color on the radiation absorbing surface in a sequential or parallel manner (or Paint): (2) with manual paint brushes, spray guns and / or drawing tools; (3) a computer operated printer; (4) a pen plotter and thermal printing head; (5) offset printers, gravure printers, flexographic printers, screen printers; (6) including, but not limited to, any other image generating mechanism shown in the above referenced U.S. Patent Application Nos. 5,364,557 and 5,457,554.

In FIG. 8A2, a polarized perspective image of all colors generated by the system shown in FIG. 8A1 is shown vividly to show a system for displaying stereoscopic 3-D objects and / or landscapes. As shown therein, the pair of polarized and electrically affected glasses 15, shown in WIPO International Application No. WO 97/24184, published September 18, 1997, are left and right polarized light formed on the substrate 12. It is used to stereoscopically view 3-D objects that appear vividly in the perspective images 11A and 14. The spectacles 15 are ultra wide band polarized filter elements (e.g. lenses) 16 located in front of the viewer's left eye and ultra wide band polarized filter elements (e.g. Lens) 17, for example. Circular polarization filter elements 16 and 17 are mounted in a light frame 18 that is worn on the viewer's head in a conventional manner. In an embodiment, the filter element 16 is realized as an RHCP filter element 16A which exhibits the effect of ultra-wide bands over the visible and ultraviolet (UV) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and in the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The LHCP filter element 16B, which exhibits a narrow area effect, is laminated. The filter element 17 is realized as an LHCP filter element 17A which exhibits the effect of ultra-wide bands in the visible and ultraviolet (UV) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and produces a narrow region effect over the ultraviolet (UV) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The RHCP filter element 17B shown is made thin. With this filter arrangement, the LHCP component for the visible region passes through the observer's left eye and the RHCP component for the visible region passes through the observer's right eye so that the LHCP and RHCP components of the ultraviolet radiation pass through the filter elements 16 (17). ) Is effectively reflected. When such circularly polarized image elements are shown through a pair of polarized glasses, 3-D stereoscopic images are recognized by the viewer. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8A2, while acting as stereoscopically visible glasses, polarized light 18 with LHCP and RHCP components is projected onto the polarized composite image. The RHCP filter 16 located in front of the viewer's left eye reflects the RHCP component of the projected light and passes the LHCP component of the seeing light reflected in the spatially modulated and left polarized perspective image 11A. The LHCP filter 17 located in front of the viewer's right eye reflects the LHCP component of the projected light and passes the RHCP component of the light reflected and reflected on a spatially modulated and right polarized perspective image 14. Left and right perspective images perceived by the observer's eye are interpreted in turn in such a way that the observer can recognize 3-D objects representing all colors and brightness with a 3-D sense.

During stereoscopic observation, color media embodying a broadband LHCP type CLC microflake can be observed through the left circular polarizer in front of the observer's left eye and through the right circular polarizer in front of the observer's right eye. Provides bright white light. Similarly, color media embodying a wideband RHCP type CLC microflake can be seen through a right circular polarizer in front of the observer's right eye and a bright second that cannot be seen through a left circular polarizer in front of the observer's left eye. Provide white light. Color media embodying the spectrally controlled LHCP type CLC microflakes can be observed through the left circular polarizer in front of the observer's left eye and the red, green and / or not visible through the right circular polarizer in front of the observer's right eye. Or provide blue light. Color media embodying the spectrally controlled RHCP type CLC microflakes can be observed through a right circular polarizer in front of the observer's right eye and red, green and / or not visible through a left circular polarizer in front of the observer's left eye. Or provide blue light.

When used as sunglass, the LHCP and RHCP filter elements 16 and 17 effectively block the LHCP and RHCP components of the ultraviolet wavelengths from the sun, while simultaneously blocking the glare of light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The three-dimensional 3-D imaging system and method described above have described the technical aspects in detail. However, it should also be understood that the techniques of the present invention can be applied to a variety of 2-D color image applications that are well applied by the technical advances described above and that can enjoy enhanced image brightness and color depth.

Zero graphic printing application using toner based on CLC of the present invention

The CLC microflakes of the present invention can be used to fabricate CLC-based toner materials for printing additive mixed color primary and ultra white images on a radiation absorbing surface of paper. Once manufactured, the toner material based on the CLC of the present invention is contained in a conventional toner cartridge according to the above-described principle, and mounted in a conventional (or improved) geographic printer for performing a zeographic printing function.

The improved geographic printing process of the present invention provides five basic steps: (1) a light beam (e.g. a laser beam) on the photoconductive surface of the drum to provide a clear image formed by the bonded CLC microflakes. In response to scanning and focusing, providing a charge pattern such as an image to be printed; (2) transferring negative charge to the sheet of radiation-absorbing print media using a suitable means well known in the art; (3) develop the image by attracting the CLC based toner material to the transferred charge pattern on the sheet of print media (by moving the sheet relative to the positively charged supply of CLC toner material), and Forming a toner pattern based on the same CLC; (4) fixing the toner pattern based on the CLC by heat treatment; (5) The step of purifying the toner material based on the excess CLC from the sheet of the print medium relates.

The method for producing the toner material based on the CLC of the present invention will be described below. Notably, each of these methods produces (i) CLC-based toners for utilizing additive mixed primary and ultra white color printing operations applied to sheets of radiation absorbing print material using conventional geographic printing processes and equipment. It can be used to CLC film materials of the present invention that make CLC toner materials have been demonstrated to have the necessary charge retention properties required by toner materials in conventional geographic printing processes.

Preparation of toner material based on CLC by pre-coating adhesive material on front and back side of CLC film material before fragmentation

According to this method, the above-mentioned CLC film material can be used to produce the toner material based on the CLC of the present invention. The main difference in the manufacturing method is that prior to crushing the CLC film material into microflakes, the CLC film material can be dissolved thermally under optically transparent (i.e. clean) adhesive material under the conditions provided in a conventional geographic printer. To be coated (during the toner fixing step). Typical adhesive materials used in the manufacture of the micro flakes include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dissolved at approximately 130 ° C .; Polystyrene which dissolves at relatively low temperatures of 80 ° C to 90 ° C. Preferably, the adhesive coating material established in the present production method should be dried at room temperature. Figure 4 schematically shows the basic structure of the adhesive-coated CLC micro flakes of the present invention. Since the properties of the wideband and ultra-wideband CLC microflakes of the present invention remain stable (and unchanged) until they are exposed to temperatures of 200 ° C. and above, the use of such adhesive materials is a common practice in which CLC toner materials are used. It is considered safe and desirable within the operating requirements of the graphics printer. Once CLC toner is produced according to this method, the CLC toner can be stored in a conventional toner cartridge as shown in FIG. From then on, the CLC toner cartridge can be mounted in a conventional geographic printer as shown in FIG. 7 and stored with a sheet of printing material (eg, paper or plastic material) having a radiation absorbing surface.

Preparation of toner material based on CLC by mixing CLC fine flakes with adhesive powder

According to the present method of manufacturing CLC toners, the dry CLC microflakes (for application of intermixed white or ultra white color) can be dissolved by heat under the conditions provided in conventional geographic printers. Under the conditions of the toner) and regularly mixed with the adhesive powder (during the toner fixing step). Typical adhesive powders used in conjunction with the CLC microflake manufacturing method include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is dissolved at approximately 130 ° C; It is made of polyethylene that dissolves at relatively low temperatures of 80 ° C to 90 ° C. Preferably, the adhesive powder is dry at room temperature and optically clear when dissolved, so that the optical properties of the CLC microflakes do not change even after toner-fixing. 5 shows a schematic representation of a geographic toner material consisting of CLC microflakes and adhesive powder. Since the properties of the broadband and ultra-wideband CLC microflakes of the present invention have been demonstrated to exist stably until exposure to temperatures of 200 ° C. or higher, the use of such adhesive powders requires the action of conventional geographic printers using CLC toner materials. It is considered safe and desirable within the conditions. Once CLC toner is produced according to this method, the CLC toner can be stored in a conventional toner cartridge as shown in FIG. From then on, the CLC toner cartridge can be mounted in a conventional geographic printer as shown in FIG. 7 and stored with a sheet of printing material (eg, paper or plastic material) having a radiation absorbing surface.

Method of Geographic Printing Using CLC Toner Material and Radiation Absorbing Print Media of the Present Invention

Geographic printing with the CLC toner material of the present invention can be realized in mono- or full-color, in 2-D or 3-D. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a conventional Xerox copier or printer can print with CLC toner by simply replacing the conventional toner in the cartridge with CLC toner. In another embodiment of the present invention, a conventional Xerox copier can be replaced with a printer of stereoscopic image by using left and right CLC toners stored in two separate toner cartridges. To copy a 3-D color picture, the left perspective image is copied using the left CLC toner, and then the right perspective image is copied onto the upper surface of the left perspective image that was first copied using the right CLC toner. The printing process includes three (3) RGB CLC toner cartridges for the left polarized additive mixed primary color toner material, one (1) ultra white CLC toner cartridge for the left polarized ultra white material, and the right polarized additive mixed Manually configure each (3) RGB CLC toner cartridge for primary color toner materials, an automatic printer or copier that can accommodate one (1) ultra-white CLC toner cartridge for right polarized ultra white materials This can be done by replacing the toner cartridge or changing the existing multicolored geographic color or printer during the perspective image printing step.

Document security enforcement

The geographic printing process based on the CLC described above can be applied to workplaces, homes, schools and industrial fields. One application is "document security," where special documents restrict unauthorized copying, or printed documents are copied and approved with markings (e.g., optionally polarized "watermarks"). Copies are made using ink based on the LHCP (or RHCP) CLC to indicate that the document is complete.

On the other hand, there are many ways to accomplish this purpose, one of which is to provide LHCP CLC sieve-based inks (or toners) to all printing machines (within tissue tissue), or to be printed with LHCP CLC-based inks (or toners). To limit the copying of documents, the LHCP CLC filter is provided for all copy printing within the organization. In addition, the document can be printed with RHCP CLC based ink (or toner) since an LHCP filter is provided in the copying machine to limit copying of a document printed with RHCP CLC based ink (or toner). The technique can be used to restrict unauthorized copying of printed documents within an organizational organization.

Another document security technique involves printing a document using ink (ie, having spectral reflection properties outside the visible region) based on an "invisible" LHCP (or RHCP) CLC. This printing action can print all the information or a portion of the document with ink or toner material based on CLC which is simply invisible. Only polarized glasses with LHCP (or RHCP) polarizers can see polarized information printed on the document.

Other Uses of Color Media

The CLC color media of the present invention can be used to make polarizing color filters and filter arrays for display and other image applications. Such a device can be obtained by simply printing an appropriate pattern on an optically transparent substrate using the CLC ink of the present invention.

The CLC color media of the present invention can be used to produce wideband, ultra-wideband and spectroscopically controlled polarizer and micropolarizer arrays for use in 3-D stereoscopic, 3-D visual displays, 3-D printing, and 3-D cameras. Can be. Such a device can be obtained by printing an appropriate pattern on an optically transparent substrate using the broadband, ultra-wideband or spectroscopically controlled CLC inks of the present invention.

The broadband CLC color media of the present invention can be used to make various light transmission windows or glass compositions by applying the coating of the broadband and / or spectrally controlled CLC ink of the present invention on an optically transparent substrate.

The foregoing is only one embodiment for describing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the present invention belongs to the present invention without departing from the gist of the present invention as claimed in the following claims. Anyone of ordinary skill in the art would be able to make changes.

Claims (261)

Coloring media applied to the surface of the member, which generate spectroscopy of a color with additive primary colors to affect the human visual system, are: A visually transparent transfer medium that can be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; Consisting of reflective retaining and distributed microflakes attached within the visually transparent delivery medium, The distributed microflakes of each reflecting surface are composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are greater than the visible band of the electron spectrum and are substantially the same as the reflective characteristics of the lower surface. Coloring medium having a. 2. The microflake according to claim 1, wherein said microflakes for reflecting in a manner that reflects circularly polarized light in a visible band projected on the coating layer of said color medium which generates a spectroscopic color of the additive mixed color to affect the human visual system. Is a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) material having spectroscopically tuned reflection characteristics over the visible band of the electron spectrum, wherein the coloring medium has improved brightness and color characteristics. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is composed of a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other as a CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, and the lower surface being physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that associated with. 4. The improved luminance and color of claim 3, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch changed by a nonlinear manner across the thickness of the CLC microflakes. Coloring media having properties. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material containing cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch changed by an exponential method across the thickness of the CLC microflakes Coloring medium having color characteristics. 4. The coloring medium of claim 3, wherein each of the reflective microplates is made of a material containing cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a substantially constant pitch. 2. The coloring medium of claim 1, wherein the visually transparent transfer medium is a visually transparent varnish or a visually transparent wax. The coloring medium of claim 1, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, or an air dried carrier. Generates a super-white color that affects the human visual system, and the coloring medium applied to the surface of the member is: A visually transparent transfer medium that can be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; Consisting of reflective microplates attached within the visually transparent transmission medium to have broadband reflection characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum to reflect light in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the coloring medium causing the super white color effect, Each of the microflakes has an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflecting characteristics of the upper surface are above the visible band of the electron spectrum, and are substantially the same as the reflecting characteristics of the lower surface. . 10. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the reflective microflakes reflects light in a non-reflective fashion within the visible range projected onto the coating layer of the coloring medium to produce ultra white color that affects the viewing angle. Coloring medium having brightness and color characteristics. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is composed of a first layer and a second layer of CLC material stacked on each other, the upper surface is physically associated with the first layer, the lower surface is physically associated with the second layer Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that associated. 10. The reflecting microflakes of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes are in a visible band projected onto the coating layer of the coloring medium to produce an ultra white color having an effect similar to that produced by conventional Magnesium Oxide (MO) white paint. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that it reflects light. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material including cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is changed by a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each microflake. Coloring media having properties. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material containing cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch changed by an exponential method across the thickness of each microflake. Coloring medium having color characteristics. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the delivery medium is selected from a visually transparent varnish or a visually transparent wax. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the transfer medium is a photon treatable carrier. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the transfer medium is a thermally treatable carrier. 10. The coloring medium according to claim 9, wherein the transfer medium is an air treatment carrier that can be treated by water vapor. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes reflect circularly incident polarized electron radiation in the ultraviolet or infrared region of the electron spectrum. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes reflect circularly polarized light in a specular reflection manner in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the coloring medium to produce an ultra white color that is in effect regardless of the viewing angle. Coloring medium having brightness and color characteristics. 10. The improved luminance according to claim 9, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are equal to or greater than the visible band of the electron spectrum and are substantially the same as the reflection characteristics of the lower surface. And a coloring medium having color characteristics. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes reflect circularly polarized electron radiation incident on the infrared region of the electron spectrum. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes reflect circularly incident polarized electron radiation in the ultraviolet region of the electron spectrum. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes are left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) to reflect incident electromagnetic radiation. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes are right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) to reflect incident electromagnetic radiation. 10. The coloring medium of claim 9, wherein the reflective microflakes are polarized to reflect incident electron radiation. A cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) coloring medium applied to the surface of the member and producing an ultra white color that affects the human visual system is: A visually transparent transmission medium that can be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics beyond the visible band of the electron spectrum; CLC microflakes attached to a visually transparent delivery medium; CLC microflakes made of CLC material having a broad-spectrum reflection characteristic over the visible band of the electronic spectrum to reflect circular polarized light in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium for producing an ultra white color. A coloring medium having improved luminance and color characteristics. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes reflect circularly polarized light in a non-reflective manner within the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to produce an ultra white color that affects irrespective of the viewing angle. A coloring medium having improved luminance and color characteristics. 28. The improved luminance and color characteristics of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes are composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are substantially equal to the reflection characteristics of the lower surface as they are above the visible band of the electron spectrum. Having a coloring medium. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the CLC microflakes comprise a first layer and a second layer stacked with each other as a CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, and the lower surface being physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes are circular in the visible band incident on the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to yield an ultra white color having the same effect as that produced by conventional magnetic oxide (MO) white paint. A coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized by reflecting polarized light. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein each CLC microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring medium having color characteristics. 29. The improved luminance of claim 28, wherein each CLC microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. And a coloring medium having color characteristics. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the delivery medium is any one of a visually transparent varnish or a visually transparent wax. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the transfer medium is a photon treatable carrier. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the transfer medium is a thermally treatable carrier. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the transfer medium is an air treatment carrier that can be treated by water vapor. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes reflect polarized electron radiation circularly incident on the ultraviolet or infrared region of the electron spectrum. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes reflect circularly polarized light in a specular reflection manner in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to produce an ultra white color that affects irrespective of the viewing angle. A coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics. 28. The improved luminance and color characteristics of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes are composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are greater than or equal to the visible band of the electron spectrum and are substantially the same as the reflection characteristics of the lower surface. Coloring medium having a. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the CLC microflakes are composed of a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other as CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, and wherein the lower surface is physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that. 28. The circular polarized light of claim 27 wherein the CLC microflakes have a circular white light incident on the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to yield an ultra white color having the same effect as that produced by conventional magnetic oxide (MO). Coloring medium with improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that for reflecting. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes are made of a film material having cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring medium. 28. The improved luminance and color characteristics of claim 27, wherein the CLC microflakes are made of a film material having cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring medium having a. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the delivery medium is any one of a visually transparent varnish or a visually transparent wax. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the microflakes are circularly polarized in the infrared region of the electron spectrum to reflect incident electron radiation. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the microflakes are circularly polarized in the ultraviolet region of the electron spectrum to reflect incident electron radiation. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the microflakes are circularly polarized to the left to reflect incident electron radiation. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the microflakes are circularly polarized to the right to reflect incident electron radiation. 28. The coloring medium of claim 27, wherein the microflakes are unpolarized to reflect incident electron radiation. A cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) coloring medium that produces a color with the primary color of the additive mixed color affecting irrespective of the viewing angle and is applied to the surface of the member: A visually transparent transfer medium adapted to be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; CLC microflakes attached to the visually transparent delivery medium, The CLC microflakes reflect circularly polarized light in a non-linear fashion in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to produce a color of the additive mixed primary color that affects the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. Coloring medium having an improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that made of CLC material having spectroscopically adjusted reflection characteristics over the visible band of the electron spectrum. 53. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein each of the CLC microflakes is composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristic of the upper surface is greater than or equal to the visible band of the electron spectrum and is substantially the same as the reflection characteristic of the lower surface. Coloring media having properties. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein each of the CLC microflakes is a CLC material, comprising a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer and the bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that associated. 52. The improved luminance and color characteristics of claim 51, wherein the CLC microflakes are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied by a nonlinear method across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring medium having a. 52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the CLC microflakes are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied by way of an exponential function across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring medium having color characteristics. 52. The coloring medium of claim 51, wherein the CLC microflakes are made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 52. The coloring medium of claim 51, wherein the delivery medium is a visually transparent varnish or a visually transparent wax. 52. The coloring medium of claim 51, wherein the transfer medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, or an air dried carrier. 52. The coloring medium of claim 51, wherein the additive primary color is any one of red, green, and blue. 52. The coloring medium of claim 51, wherein the additive primary color is an arbitrary color constructed from a combination of red, green, and blue. Regardless of the viewing angle, the cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) coloring medium which calculates the spectrum of the color of the additive mixed primary color and is applied to the surface of the member: A visually transparent transmission medium adapted to be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; CLC microflakes in a distributed state attached to the visually transparent delivery medium, Each of the CLC microflakes has an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are substantially the same as the reflection characteristics of the lower surface, beyond the visible band of the electron spectrum, In order to calculate the spectrum of the primary mixed color that affects the human visual system, it is possible to reflect the circularly polarized light in the specular manner to the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring, beyond the visible band of the electronic spectrum. A coloring medium with improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of a CLC material having spectroscopically adjusted reflecting properties. 62. The method of claim 61, wherein the CLC microflakes are CLC materials, comprising a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer, and the bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that associated. 62. The improved luminance and color of Claim 61 wherein said CLC microflakes are made from a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring media having properties. 62. The improved luminance of claim 61, wherein each CLC microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied by way of an exponential function across the thickness of each CLC microflake. And a coloring medium having color characteristics. 62. The coloring medium of claim 61, wherein each CLC microflake is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 62. The coloring medium of claim 61, wherein the delivery medium is a visually transparent varnish or a visually transparent wax. 62. The coloring medium of claim 61, wherein the transfer medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, or an air dried carrier treatable by water vapor. A cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) coloring medium that calculates the color affecting within the human visual system and is applied to the surface of the member is: A visually transparent transmission medium adapted to be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; CLC microflakes in a distributed state attached to the visually transparent delivery medium, The CLC microflakes in the distributed state have an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflecting characteristics of the upper surface are greater than the visible band of the electronic spectrum, and are substantially the same as the reflecting characteristics of the lower surface. . 69. The method of claim 68, wherein the CLC microflakes specularly reflect circularly polarized light in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to produce a spectrum of additive mixed colors that affect the human visual system. A coloring medium having improved luminance and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of a CLC material having spectroscopically adjusted reflection characteristics over the visible band of the electron spectrum so as to be reflected. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the CLC microflakes are CLC materials, comprising a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer, and the bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that associated. 70. The improved luminance and color of Claim 69 wherein said CLC microflakes are made from a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch changed in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring media having properties. 70. The improved luminance of claim 69, wherein each CLC microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied by way of an exponential function across the thickness of each CLC microflake. And a coloring medium having color characteristics. 70. The coloring medium of claim 69, wherein the delivery medium is a visually transparent varnish or a visually transparent wax. 70. The coloring medium of claim 69, wherein each CLC microflake is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 70. The coloring medium of claim 69, wherein the visually transparent transfer medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, an air dried carrier. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the CLC microflakes in a specular manner reflect circular circular polarization in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to yield an ultra white color that affects the viewing angle of the human visual system. A coloring medium having improved luminance and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of CLC material having broadband reflection characteristics over the visible band of the electronic spectrum so as to be reflected. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the CLC microflakes are CLC materials, comprising a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer, and the bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that associated. 70. The improved luminance and color of Claim 69 wherein said CLC microflakes are made from a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch changed in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Coloring media having properties. 70. The improved luminance of claim 69, wherein each CLC microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch that is varied by way of an exponential function across the thickness of each CLC microflake. And a coloring medium having color characteristics. 70. The coloring medium of claim 69, wherein the visually transparent transfer medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 70. The coloring medium of claim 69, wherein the visually transparent transfer medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, an air dried carrier. 70. The coloring medium of claim 69, wherein the CLC microflakes are made of a material having cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. A cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) coloring system for calculating a range of colors including additive white and primary white color affecting radiation absorbing members is: A) A visually transparent transmission medium adapted to be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum, and to produce an ultra white color attached to this visually transparent transmission medium and affecting the human visual system. Supplying an ultra-white CLC color medium composed of CLC microplates made of CLC material having broadband reflection characteristics over the visible band of the electron spectrum capable of reflecting circular polarization in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium, B) calculating a color of the additive mixed primary color, and supplying a plurality of CLC coloring media of the additive mixed primary color applied to the surface of the member, The CLC microflakes are visually transparent delivery media adapted to be applied to the surface; Attached to this visually transparent transmission medium, the visible spectrum of the electron spectrum is able to reflect circularly polarized light in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to yield an additive mixed color that affects the human visual system. CLC coloring medium system having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of CLC material having spectroscopically adjusted reflection characteristics over the band. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein in the supplying of the ultra white CLC coloring medium, each of the CLC microflakes has an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflecting characteristics of the upper surface are substantially equal to the reflecting characteristics of the lower surface, above the visible band of the electronic spectrum. CLC Coloring media system with improved brightness and color characteristics. 85. The method of claim 84, wherein in the supplying of the ultra white CLC coloring medium, each CLC microflake is composed of a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other as a CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, And the lower surface is physically associated with a second layer. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein each CLC microflake in the supplying of said ultra white CLC coloring medium has been modified to produce an ultra white color effect corresponding to that previously produced by magnesium oxide (MO) white paint. CLC coloring medium system having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized by reflecting circularly polarized light in a nonlinear manner in the visible band incident on the coating layer. 84. The film material of claim 83, wherein each CLC microflake in the feeding of the ultra-white CLC coloring medium comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal molecule having a pitch varied by a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. CLC coloring medium system having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that the manufactured. 84. The film of claim 83, wherein each CLC microflake in the feeding of the ultra-white CLC coloring medium comprises cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied by way of an exponential function across the thickness of each CLC microflake. CLC coloring medium system having improved luminance and color characteristics, characterized in that the material is made of ash. 84. The CLC coloring medium system of claim 83, wherein the delivery medium in the supplying of the ultra white CLC coloring medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 84. The CLC according to claim 83, wherein the transfer medium in the supplying of the ultra-white CLC coloring medium is any one of a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, and an air-drying carrier. Coloring media system. 84. The CLC color media medium of claim 83, wherein the microflakes reflect polarized electron radiation circularly incident on the infrared rays of the electron spectrum. 84. The CLC color media medium of claim 83, wherein the microflakes reflect polarized electron radiation circularly incident on the ultraviolet of the electron spectrum. 84. The CLC microflakes according to claim 83, wherein the CLC microflakes in the supplying step of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are equal to or more than the visible band of the electron spectrum and the reflection on the lower surface. CLC color media medium with improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in substantially the same characteristics. 95. The method of claim 93, wherein the CLC microflakes in the supplying of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are composed of a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other as a CLC material, and the upper surface is physically formed with the first layer. And the bottom surface is physically associated with a second layer. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the CLC microflakes in the supplying of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color include cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch changed by a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. CLC coloring medium system having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that the film material. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the CLC microflakes in the supplying of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color comprises cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch changed by a method of exponential function across the thickness of each CLC microflake. CLC coloring medium system having an improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that made of a film material comprising. 84. The CLC color media medium of claim 83 wherein the CLC microflakes are made of a material having cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 86. The CLC coloring medium according to claim 83, wherein the color effect of the additive mixing primary color generated from the supply of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixing primary color is red, green, or blue. system. 86. The CLC of claim 83, wherein the ultra white color effect resulting from the supply of the ultra white CLC coloring medium corresponds to that produced by conventional magnesium oxide (MO) white paint. Coloring media system. Regardless of the viewing angle, the color image structure for calculating images characterized by one or more additive mixed primary colors represented by the viewer is: A surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; Consisting of one or more coating layers of coloring medium of additive mixed color applied to the surface, Each coating layer of said additive mixed primary color coloring medium comprises a visually transparent transfer medium attached to said surface and a reflective microflake attached to said visually transparent transfer medium, The reflective microflakes of each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed color are nonlinear in the visible band incident on the coating layer of the color medium to produce one or more additive color effects in the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. It is made of a material having spectroscopically adjusted reflection characteristics over the visible band of the electron spectrum so that light can be reflected by The reflective microflakes of each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color have an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are more than the visible band of the electron spectrum, and are substantially the same as those of the lower surface. Color image structure for image generation. 101. The image calculation according to claim 100, wherein each of the reflective microflakes of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is manufactured by selecting any one of a cholesteric liquid crystal material, an interference film material, and a holographic film material. Dragon color image structure. 102. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein each of the reflective microflakes of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is composed of a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other as a CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, The lower surface is physically associated with the second layer. 102. The method of claim 100, wherein the CLC microflakes of each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Color image structure for image calculation characterized by the above-mentioned. 102. The method of claim 100, wherein the CLC microflakes of each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch across the thickness of each CLC microflake. CLC coloring media with enhanced brightness and color characteristics. 101. The color image structure according to claim 100, wherein the delivery medium of each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 101. The method of claim 100, wherein the transfer medium for each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, or an air-drying carrier that can be treated by water vapor. Color image structure. 101. The color image structure of claim 100, wherein the size of the reflective microflakes of each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color ranges from about 5 to 10 microns. 101. The color image structure of claim 100, wherein the thickness of the transfer medium of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is at least 5 microns. 101. The image of claim 100, wherein the primary color effect of the additive color mixture generated from the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed color primary color is any one of red, green, blue, and any color made from a combination thereof. Color image structure for output. The image structure for producing the ultra white color effect is: A surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; One or more ultra white coloring media coatings applied to a surface to form a minimum portion of the image, The coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium comprises a visually transparent transfer medium attached to the surface and a reflective microflake attached to the visually transparent transfer medium, Reflective microflakes of the coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium are more than the visible band of the electronic spectrum so as to reflect light in the visible band incident on the coating layer of the coloring medium in order to calculate the ultra white color affecting the human visual system. Made of a material having a broadband reflection characteristic, Each microflake of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color has an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristic of the upper surface is equal to or larger than the visible band of the electronic spectrum, and is substantially the same as the reflection characteristic of the lower surface. Dragon color image structure. 117. The color for image calculation according to claim 110, wherein the CLC microflakes of each coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are made of any one of a cholesteric liquid crystal material, an interference film material, and a holographic film material. Image structure. 117. The color image structure of claim 110, wherein the ultra white color effect produced from the ultra white CLC coloring medium corresponds to that previously made of magnesium oxide (MO). 118. The color image structure of claim 110, wherein the reflective microflakes of the ultra white coloring medium are ultra wide band CLC materials. 117. The apparatus of claim 110, wherein each reflective microflake of the coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium consists of a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other as CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, Is physically associated with a second layer. 116. The method of claim 110, wherein each reflective microflake of the coating layer of ultra-white coloring medium is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a non-linear manner across the thickness of each reflective microflake. Color image structure for image calculation characterized by the above-mentioned. 118. The method of claim 110, wherein each microflake of the coating layer of ultra-white coloring medium is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of each reflective microflake. Color image structure for image calculation characterized by the above-mentioned. 117. The color image structure of claim 110, wherein the delivery medium of each coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 119. The color image structure of claim 110, wherein the transfer medium of each coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium is any one of a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, and an air dried carrier. 117. The color of claim 110, wherein the size of the reflective flakes of each coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium is about 60 microns and the thickness of the transfer medium of each coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium is about 60 microns. Image structure. 117. The method of claim 110, wherein the reflective microflakes of each coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium are applied to a visible band incident on the coating layer of the coloring medium to yield an ultra white color that affects the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. A color image structure for image generation, characterized by reflecting light in a manner of specular reflection. 117. The method of claim 110, wherein the reflective microflakes of each coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium are applied to a visible band incident on the coating layer of the coloring medium to yield an ultra white color that affects the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. A color image structure for image generation, characterized by reflecting light in a non-reflective manner. 117. The color image structure of claim 110, wherein the reflective microflakes of the coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium reflect circularly polarized light that is deflected left or right in the visible band. 116. The method of claim 110, wherein the reflective microflakes of one coating layer of the ultra white coloring medium reflect circularly polarized light polarized leftward in the visible band, while the reflective microflakes of another coating layer are circularly biased rightward in the visible band. Color image structure for image calculation characterized by reflecting polarized light. The color image structure for producing a full color image characterized by the primary color of the red, green, and blue additive mixed colors and the ultra white color effect presented to the viewer is: (A) a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; (B) at least one coating layer of a CLC coloring medium of additive mixed color applied to the surface forming at least a portion of said color image; The coating layer of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is composed of a visually transparent delivery medium attached to the surface and a CLC microplate attached to a visually transparent delivery medium, The CLC microflakes on the coaching layer of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are incident on the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to produce a color effect of the primary colors of the red, green, and blue additive mixed colors affecting the human visual system. It is made of CLC material that has spectroscopically adjusted reflection characteristics over the visible spectrum of the electronic spectrum so that light can be reflected in the visible spectrum. (C) at least one coating layer of ultra white CLC coloring medium applied to the surface; The coating layer of the ultra white CLC coloring medium comprises a visually transparent delivery medium attached to the surface and a CLC microflake attached to the visually transparent delivery medium, The CLC microflakes have a broadband reflection characteristic beyond the visible band of the electronic spectrum reflecting light in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to produce an ultra white color effect affecting the human visual system. A color image structure for producing a full color image, characterized in that it is made of ash. 127. The color effect according to claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes on the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color affect the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. To reflect the light in a non-reflective manner in the visible band incident on the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to calculate the The CLC microflakes on the coating layer of the ultra white CLC coloring medium are non-reflective in the visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC coloring medium to produce the ultra white color effect affecting the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. Color image structure for full color image calculation, characterized in that reflected in the manner of. 127. The method of claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed color are composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are equal to or greater than the visible band of the electron spectrum, substantially the reflection characteristics of the lower surface Color image structure for full color image calculation, characterized in that the same. 126. The method of claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are composed of a first layer and a second layer laminated to each other as a CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer and And wherein said bottom surface is physically associated with a second layer. 126. The method of claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a changed pitch in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of the CLC microflakes. Color image structure for full color image calculation, characterized in that. 126. The method of claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in an exponential function across the thickness of the CLC microflakes. Full color image calculation color image structure, characterized in that the manufacturing. 126. The color image structure according to claim 125, wherein the transfer medium of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 126. The color image structure according to claim 125, wherein the transfer medium of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is a heat treatable carrier or a photon treatable carrier. 126. The color image structure according to claim 125, wherein the size of the CLC microflakes of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color is about 5 to 10 microns. 126. The method of claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of the coating layer of the coloring medium of the additive mixed color are composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are visible bands of the electron spectrum, which are substantially the same as the reflection characteristics of the lower surface. Color image structure for the entire image calculation, characterized in that. 126. The color image structure according to claim 125, wherein the ultra white color effect produced from said ultra white CLC coloring medium corresponds to that conventionally produced by magnesium oxide (MO). 126. The method of claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes in the supplying of the ultra-white CLC coloring medium have a top surface and a bottom surface, and the reflection characteristics of the top surface are substantially equal to or less than the visible band of the electron spectrum and substantially the same as the reflection characteristics of the bottom surface. Color image structure for the entire image calculation, characterized in that. 126. The apparatus of claim 125, wherein each CLC microflake of the coating layer of the ultra white CLC coloring medium consists of a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other as a CLC material, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, and And a bottom surface thereof being physically associated with the second layer. 126. The method of claim 125, wherein each CLC microflake of the coating layer of ultra-white CLC coloring medium is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a non-linear manner across the thickness of the CLC microflakes. A color image structure for full image calculation. 126. The method of claim 125, wherein each CLC coloring medium of the coating layer of ultra-white CLC coloring medium is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of each CLC microflake. Color image structure for the entire image calculation, characterized in that. 126. The color image structure of claim 125, wherein the delivery medium of each coating layer of the ultra white CLC coloring medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 126. The color image structure according to claim 125, wherein the transfer medium of each coating layer of the ultra-white CLC coloring medium is a thermally treatable carrier. 126. The color image structure according to claim 125, wherein the transfer medium of each coating layer of the ultra-white CLC coloring medium is a photon treatable carrier. 126. The color image structure of claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of each coating layer of the ultra-white CLC coloring medium reflect circularly polarized light polarized left or right in the visible band. 126. The color image structure according to claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of each coating layer of the CLC coloring medium of the additive mixed primary color reflect circularly polarized light polarized left or right in the visible band. 126. The apparatus of claim 125, wherein one CLC microflake of the ultra white CLC color medium reflects circularly polarized polarized light to the left in the visible band, while another CLC micro flake of the ultra white CLC color medium is visible band. Reflecting circularly polarized light deflected to the right side. 126. The CLC microflakes according to claim 125, wherein the CLC microflakes of one coating layer of said additive mixed primary color CLC coloring medium reflect circularly polarized light deflected to the left in the visible band, CLC microflakes of another coating layer of the color image structure for the overall image calculation, characterized in that to reflect the circularly polarized light polarized to the right in the visible band. To calculate the color affecting the human visual system, the coloring medium applied to the surface of the member is: A visually transparent transmission medium adapted to be applied to a surface having radiation absorption characteristics above the visible band of the electron spectrum; Attached to the visually transparent delivery medium, consisting of a reflective microplate in a distributed state, The reflected microflakes in the distributed state have an upper surface and a lower surface, and the upper and lower reflection characteristics of the upper and lower surfaces of the electron spectrum are substantially equal to the reflection characteristics of the lower surface, and have improved luminance and color characteristics. media. 148. The method of claim 146, wherein each of the reflective microflakes emits light in a specular reflection manner to a visible band incident on the coating layer of the coloring medium to produce a spectroscopic color of additive mixed primary colors affecting the human visual system. A coloring medium having improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of a material having spectroscopically adjusted reflecting properties beyond the visible band of the electron spectrum capable of reflecting. 148. The improved luminance of claim 146, wherein the reflective microflakes comprise a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer and the lower surface being physically associated with the second layer. And a coloring medium having color characteristics. 147. The apparatus of claim 146, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material including cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of the reflective microflakes. Having a coloring medium. 148. The improved luminance and color of claim 146 wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of the reflective microflakes Coloring media having properties. 147. The coloring medium of claim 146, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 147. The coloring medium of claim 146, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 147. The coloring medium of claim 146, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, an air dried carrier. 148. The method of claim 146, wherein each of the reflective microflakes applies circularly polarized light in a specular reflection manner to a visible band incident on the coating layer of the coloring medium to produce an ultra white color that affects the viewing angle of the human visual system regardless of the angle of view. A coloring medium having improved luminance and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of a material comprising broadband reflectance properties above the visible band of the electronic spectrum so as to be reflected. 147. The improved apparatus of claim 146, wherein each of the reflective microflakes comprises a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer, and the lower surface being associated with the second layer. Coloring medium having brightness and color characteristics. 147. The apparatus of claim 146, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of the reflective microflakes. Having a coloring medium. 145. The improved luminance and color of claim 146 wherein each reflective microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of the reflective microflakes. Coloring media having properties. 147. The coloring medium of claim 146, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 147. The coloring medium of claim 146, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier, an air dried carrier. 147. The coloring medium of claim 146, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. The coloring medium coaching layer applied to the surface of the member that produces a color that affects the human visual system and which has radiation absorption properties over a portion of the visible spectrum of the electron spectrum is: And a reflective microflake attached to the coloring medium coating layer, wherein the distributed reflective microflakes have an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflective characteristics of the upper surface are greater than or equal to the visible band of the electronic spectrum, substantially reflecting the reflective characteristics of the lower surface. Coloring medium coating layer having an improved brightness and color characteristics, characterized in that the same. 161. The coloring media coating layer of claim 161, comprising a visually transparent transfer medium applicable to the surface. 161. The method of claim 161, wherein the reflective microflakes are capable of reflecting light in a specular reflection manner to a visible band incident on a coloring medium to produce a spectrum of colors of additive mixed colors that affect the human visual system. A coloring medium coating layer having improved luminance and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of a material comprising spectroscopically adjusted reflecting properties over the visible band of an electron spectrum. 162. The method of claim 161, wherein each of the reflective microflakes comprises a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, wherein the upper surface is physically associated with the first layer, and the lower surface is physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium coating layer having an improved brightness and color characteristics. 161. The improved luminance and color characteristics of claim 161, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each reflective microflake. Coloring medium coating layer having a. 161. The apparatus of claim 161, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of each of the reflective microflakes. Coloring media coating layer having color characteristics. 161. The coloring medium coating layer of claim 161, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 161. The coloring medium coating layer of claim 161, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 161. The coloring medium coating layer of claim 161, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a thermally treatable carrier, a photon treatable carrier or an air dried carrier. 161. The system of claim 161, wherein the reflective microflakes reflect circularly polarized light in specular reflection to a visible band incident on the coating layer of the color medium to produce an ultra white color that affects the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. A coloring medium coating layer having improved luminance and color characteristics, characterized in that it is made of a material comprising broadband reflectance properties over the visible band of the electron spectrum. 161. The improved apparatus of claim 161 wherein the reflective microflakes comprise a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, the upper surface being physically associated with the first layer and the lower surface being physically associated with the second layer. Coloring medium coating layer having brightness and color characteristics. 162. The improved brightness and color characteristics of claim 161, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of each microflake. Coloring medium coating layer having a. 162. The improved luminance and color of claim 161, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a changed pitch in a manner of exponential function across the thickness of each microflake. Coloring media coating layer having characteristics. 161. The coloring medium coating layer of claim 161, wherein the visually transparent delivery medium is a visually transparent varnish or wax. 161. The coloring medium coating layer of claim 161, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a material having cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 161. The coloring medium coating layer of claim 161, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is made of a material including cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. CLC-based toners that can yield colors affecting the human visual system, and are used in printed images of dry printing on the surface of a member having radiation absorption properties: Distributed reflective microflakes, each reflective microflake having light reflectivity over at least a portion of the visible band and being cholesteric attracted by static electricity to an electrical charge pattern formed on the member during the image recording procedure. CLC-based toner, characterized in that it is made of liquid crystal molecules. 177. The CLC-based apparatus according to claim 177, wherein the microflakes in the distributed state are composed of an upper surface and a lower surface, and the reflection characteristics of the upper surface are substantially equal to the reflection characteristics of the lower surface, which are more than a visible band of the electron spectrum. toner. 177. The method of claim 177, wherein the reflective microflakes reflect light of visible bands incident on the coating layer of the CLC toner in a specular reflection fashion to yield a spectroscopic color of additive mixed primary colors affecting the human visual system. CLC-based toner, characterized in that the spectroscopically adjusted reflection characteristics over the visible band of the electron spectrum. 177. The method of claim 177, wherein each of the reflective microflakes comprises a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer and the bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer. CLC-based toner. 177. A CLC-based toner according to claim 177, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in a non-linear manner across the thickness of each reflective microflake. . 177. The CLC-based substrate of claim 177, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a pitch varied in an exponential manner across the thickness of each reflective microflake. toner. 177. A CLC-based toner according to claim 177, wherein each reflective microflake is made of a material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch. 177. The circular polarization of claim 177, wherein each of the reflective microflakes is circularly polarized in a specular reflection scheme to a visible band projected onto the coating layer of the CLC-toner to produce an ultra white color that affects the human visual system regardless of the viewing angle. CLC-based toner, characterized in that it has a broadband reflection characteristic over the visible band of the electron spectrum so as to reflect the light. 179. The CLC-based toner according to claim 177, wherein each of the reflective microflakes includes an adhesive layer for firmly attaching the reflective microflakes to the member. 177. A CLC-based toner according to claim 177, comprising an adhesive material mixed with the distributed reflective microflakes to attach the reflective microflakes to the member during the image fixing step of the dry printing procedure. Dry printing machine comprising a toner cartridge containing the 178 CLC-based toner. The dry print image is formed using the 178 CLC-based toner. A toner cartridge for a dry printer, characterized in that the toner cartridge used in the dry printer includes the 178 CLC-based toner. The system of polarized and coded mixed images to show three-dimensional stereoscopic images is: A member having radiation absorption characteristics; (i) Spectral control made of left-handed circularly polarized light (LHCP) material with circularly polarized light polarized to the left over a preselected band of electron spectra to produce a color effect of the additive mixed color in the human visual system. Micronized flakes, (ii) wideband microflakes made of LHCP with circularly polarized reflective properties that are left over a substantial portion of the visible spectrum of the electronic spectrum to produce ultra white color effects in the human visual system. A left perspective image formed on the radiation absorbing member; (i) Spectral control made of right-biased circularly polarized light (RHCP) material with circularly polarized light characteristics that are deflected to the right over a preselected band of electron spectra to produce a color effect of the additive mixed color in the human visual system. Micronized flakes, (ii) wideband microflakes made of LHCP with circularly polarized reflective properties deflected to the right over a substantial portion of the visible band of the electronic spectrum to produce an ultra white color effect on the human visual system. And a right-viewed image formed on the member. 192. The method of claim 190, wherein the spectrally controlled microflakes have a top and bottom surface, and the polarization and reflection characteristics of the spectrally controlled microflakes are substantially the same across the top and bottom surfaces. System of mixed images. 192. The system of claim 190, wherein the wideband microflakes have a top and bottom surface, wherein the polarization and reflection characteristics of the wideband microflakes are substantially the same across the top and bottom surfaces. . 192. The method of claim 190, wherein the spectrally controlled microflakes are made of any one of a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) material, an interference film material, a holographic film material, and the broadband microflakes are also cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). A polarized and encrypted mixed image system, characterized in that it is manufactured by selecting any one of a material, an interference film material, and a holographic film material. 192. The method of claim 190, wherein the spectrally controlled microflakes comprise a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other as a cholesteric liquid crystal material, the top surface being physically associated with the first layer, and the bottom surface being physical And associated with the second layer. 192. The method of claim 190, wherein the spectrally adjusted microflakes in the left and right perspective images are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch across the thickness of the microflakes. And the image projected to the right is made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a nonlinear pitch across the thickness of each broadband microplate. 192. The polarization method according to claim 190, wherein the color effect of the additive mixed primary color calculated from the image projected to the left or the right is any one of red, green, blue, or any color made from a combination thereof. System of encrypted mixed images. 192. The system of claim 190, wherein the ultra white color effect calculated from the left and right perspective images is white, such as magnesium-oxide. 192. The apparatus of claim 190, wherein the pair of circularly polarized lenses comprises: an LHCP lens for delivering LHCP light over a substantial portion of the visible band; A system of polarized and encrypted mixed images, characterized by a combination of RHCP lenses that deliver RHCP light over an actual portion of the visible band. To produce a polarized and encrypted mixed image for graphically representing a three-dimensional object: (a) forming an LHCP-encrypted left perspective image on a radiation absorbing member using a coloring medium comprising LHCP type microflakes having symmetric polarization and reflection characteristics; (b) forming an RHCP-encrypted leftward perspective image on the radiation absorbing member using a coloring medium comprising RHCP type microflakes having symmetric polarization and reflection characteristics, wherein And a polarized and encrypted mixed image having a high luminance and uniformity of color to produce a graphical representation of a high quality three-dimensional object. 205. The method of claim 199, wherein the method comprises: orphaned microcontrolled flakes made of LHCP type material selected from cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) material, interference film material, holographic film material, CLC material, interference film material, holo And applying a coloring medium composed of a broadband microflake made of a selected LHCP material among the graphic film materials. 203. The method of claim 200, wherein the method comprises: an orphan controlled microflake made of a RHCP type material selected from a CLC material, an interference film material, a holographic film material, and an RHCP selected from a CLC material, an interference film material, a holographic film material. And applying a coloring medium comprised of the reconstituted broadband microflakes. A computer control system for producing polarized and encrypted mixed images for representing three-dimensional objects is: A plurality of first computer controlled applicators for forming a left-viewed image encrypted with LHCP on the radiation absorbing member using a coloring medium comprising LHCP type microflakes having symmetric polarization and reflection characteristics; In order to form a polarized and encrypted mixed image having high brightness and color homogeneity to express a high quality three-dimensional object, And a plurality of second computer-controlled applicators for forming a right-viewed image encrypted with RHCP on a radiation absorbing member using a coloring medium including RHCP-type microflakes having symmetric polarization and reflection characteristics. And a computerized control system for calculating a polarized and encrypted mixed image. 202. The method of claim 202, wherein the LHCP type microflakes are: The LHCP spectroscopically-controlled microflakes have a top and bottom surface, and the polarization and reflection characteristics of the LHCP spectro-controlled microflakes are substantially the same across the top and bottom surfaces, LHCP wideband microflakes have an upper surface and a lower surface, and the polarization and reflection characteristics of the LHCP wideband microflakes are substantially the same across the upper surface and the lower surface. 203. The method of claim 203, wherein the microflakes of the RHCP type are: RHCP spectroscopically-controlled microflakes have a top and bottom surface, and the polarization and reflection characteristics of the RHCP spectroscopically-controlled microflakes are substantially the same across the top and bottom surfaces, And a RHCP wideband microflake having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the polarization and reflection characteristics of the RHCP wideband microflake are substantially the same over the top surface and the bottom surface. 205. The method of claim 204, wherein the LHCP spectroscopically-controlled microflakes and the LHCP wideband microflakes are LHCP type CLC materials, comprising a first layer and a second layer stacked on top of each other, the upper surface being physically formed with the first layer. Wherein the bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer, The RHCP spectroscopically-controlled microflakes and the RHCP wideband microflakes are RHCP type CLC materials, which are composed of a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, and the upper surface is physically associated with the first layer. Is physically associated with a second layer. 205. The method of claim 204, wherein the LHCP and RHCP spectroscopically-controlled microflakes yield a color with additive primary colors that affect the viewer's vision system, and the LHCP and RHCP wideband microflakes affect the viewer's vision system. Computing polarized and encrypted image control system, characterized in that for calculating the ultra white color. 206. The apparatus of claim 204, wherein the pair of circularly polarized lenses comprises: an LHCP lens for delivering LHCP light over a substantial portion of the visible band; A computerized control system for polarized and encrypted image generation, characterized by a combination of RHCP lenses that deliver RHCP light over an actual portion of the visible band. A system for calculating a mixed image polarized and encrypted to represent a three-dimensional object is: It consists of a supply means for supplying a sheet of the member having radiation absorption characteristics, First image forming means for forming a first perspective image on the sheet (i) Spectroscopically controlled microfabricated from left circularly polarized light (LHCP) material with circularly polarized light reflecting properties over a preselected area of the electron spectrum to produce a color effect with additive primary colors in the human visual system. Flakes, (ii) a broadband microflake made from an LHCP material having circularly polarized reflective properties that are left over the actual portion of the visible spectrum of the electronic spectrum to produce an ultra white color effect on the human visual system, Second image forming means for forming a second perspective image on the sheet (i) Spectroscopically controlled microfabrication made from a right-handed circularly polarized light (RHCP) material with a circularly polarized light reflecting characteristic over a preselected area of the electron spectrum to produce a color effect of the additive mixed color in the human visual system. Flakes, (ii) a broadband microflake made from an RHCP material having circularly polarized reflective properties directed over a substantial portion of the visible spectrum of the electronic spectrum to produce an ultra white color effect on the human visual system. Polarized and encrypted mixed image calculation system. 213. The apparatus of claim 208, wherein the spectroscopically-controlled microflakes comprise a top and a bottom surface, wherein the polarization and reflection characteristics of the spectrally-controlled microflakes are substantially the same across the top and bottom surfaces. System for producing mixed images. 209. The system of claim 208, wherein the wideband microflakes comprise a top and bottom surface, wherein the polarization and reflection characteristics of the wideband microflakes are substantially the same across the top and bottom surfaces. . 208. The method of claim 208, wherein the spectrally-controlled microflakes are made of a material selected from cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) material, interference film material, holographic film material, and the broadband microflakes are cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). A system for producing a polarized and encrypted mixed image, characterized in that it is made of a material selected from ash, interference film material, and holographic film material. 208. The method of claim 208, wherein the spectrally-controlled microflakes are cholesteric liquid crystal CLC materials, comprising a first layer and a second layer, the top surface being physically associated with the first layer, and wherein the bottom surface is physically Polarized and encrypted mixed image calculation system associated with the second layer. 213. The method of claim 208, wherein in the left and right perspective images, the spectrally-controlled microflakes are made from a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a constant pitch across the thickness of each spectrally-controlled microflake. And wherein the spectrally-adjusted perspective images in the left and right perspective images are made of a film material comprising cholesteric liquid crystal molecules having a nonlinear pitch across the thickness of each microflake. System for producing encrypted mixed images. 208. The polarization method according to claim 208, wherein the color effect of the additive mixed primary color calculated from the left and right perspective images is any one of red, green, blue, and any color made from a combination thereof. And encrypted system for producing mixed images. 209. The system of claim 208, wherein the ultra white color effect calculated from the left and right perspective images is white, such as magnesium oxide. 208. The method of claim 208, wherein the pair of circularly polarized lenses are: An LHCP lens for delivering LHCP light over a substantial portion of the visible band; A polarized and encrypted mixed image calculation system comprising a combination of RHCP lenses that deliver RHCP light over a substantial portion of the visible band. Polarized and encrypted mixed image calculation methods include: (a) forming an LHCP-encrypted left perspective image on a radiation absorbing member using a coloring medium containing LHCP type microflakes having symmetric polarization and reflection characteristics; (b) forming a RHCP-encrypted right-view image on the radiation absorbing member, using a coloring medium containing RHCP type microflakes having symmetric polarization and reflection properties. And a polarized and encrypted mixed image having high luminance and color homogeneous properties to produce a high quality three-dimensional object. 225. The method of claim 217, wherein step (a) in the method comprises spectroscopically-controlled microflakes made of an LHCP-type material selected from cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) materials, interference film materials, and holographic film materials. And applying a broadband microflake made of a coloring medium and an LHCP material selected from a CLC material, an interference film material, and a holographic film material. 218. The method of claim 218, wherein step (b) in the method comprises a coloring medium containing spectroscopically-controlled microflakes made of a RHCP-type material selected from a CLC material, an interference film material, a holographic film material, and a CLC material. And applying a broadband microflake made of an RHCP material selected from an interference film material and a holographic film material. Dry printing systems for color image printing: Paper supply means for supplying a radiation absorbing sheet of paper; 17. A dry printing system for printing color images, comprising printing means for printing an image on a radiation absorbing sheet of paper using CLC-based toner materials having additive primary colors and ultra white color characteristics. 225. The dry printing system according to claim 220, wherein the color image is an image including polarized and encrypted perspective images of left and right sides. Inkjet Printing System: Paper supply means for supplying a radiation absorbing sheet of paper; An inkjet printing system, comprising printing means for printing a color image on a radiation absorbing sheet of paper using a CLC-based toner material having additive primary colors and ultra white color characteristics. 225. The inkjet printing system of claim 222, wherein the color image is a polarized encrypted encrypted image comprising left and right polarized and encrypted perspective images. To print a color image: (a) supplying a sheet of radiation absorbing paper for color printing; (b) printing a color image on a sheet of paper using a CLC-based toner material having additive primary colors and ultra white color characteristics. 224. The method of claim 224, wherein step (b) comprises: (1) Using a leftward circularly polarized light (LHCP) CLC-based coloring medium comprising spectroscopically-regulated CLC microflakes to add additive primary color characteristics and broadband CLC microflakes to add ultra white color characteristics. Printing a first perspective image on the sheet; (2) Using a right-side circularly polarized light (RHCP) CLC-based coloring medium containing spectro-controlled CLC microflakes to add additive primary color characteristics and broadband CLC microflakes to add ultra white color characteristics. Printing a second perspective image on the sheet. A three-dimensional display for representing polarized encrypted encrypted images is: A left circular circularly polarized light (LHCP) filter element made of CLC material having a broadband action over a substantial portion of the visible spectrum of the electron spectrum and positioned in front of one eye of the viewer; A polarized and encrypted mixed image made of a CLC material having a broadband action over a substantial portion of the visible spectrum of the electron spectrum and composed of a right-side circular polarization (RHCP) filter element positioned in front of one eye of the viewer. 3D display device for rendering. 226. The three-dimensional display of claim 226, wherein the LHCP and RHCP filter elements are mounted in a frame supporting the viewer's head. An apparatus for representing a three-dimensional object represented in a polarized and encrypted mixed image is: A first left circular circularly polarized light (LHCP) filter element made of CLC material having an ultra-wideband action over an infrared region of the electron spectrum and a substantial portion of the visible region and positioned in front of one eye of the viewer, and across the infrared region of the electron spectrum. A first right circular polarization (RHCP) filter element made of CLC material having a narrow band action and laminated to the first LHCP filter element; A second circular polarization (RHCP) filter element made of CLC material having ultra-wide band action over the infrared and visible regions of the electron spectrum and positioned in front of the other eye of the viewer, and a narrow band action over the infrared region of the electron spectrum And a second left circularly polarized light (LHCP) filter element made of a CLC material having a second layer and laminated on the second RHCP filter element. 228. The apparatus of claim 228, wherein the LHCP and RHCP filter elements are mounted in a frame that supports the head of the viewer. Reflective Film: A material having an upper surface and a lower surface, wherein the reflective characteristic of the upper surface is substantially the same as the reflective characteristic of the lower surface over the above-described band of the electronic spectrum. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the material comprises cholesteric liquid crystal molecules arranged along a helix axis perpendicular to the top and bottom surfaces. 234. The reflection of claim 230, wherein the material comprises a first layer and a second layer stacked on each other, the top surface being physically associated with the first layer, and the bottom surface being physically associated with the second layer. film. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the cholesteric liquid crystal molecules of the material have a changed pitch in a nonlinear manner across the thickness of the material. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the cholesteric liquid crystal molecules of the material have a changed pitch in a manner of exponential function across the thickness of the material. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein circularly polarized electron radiation of the ultraviolet portion of the electron spectrum reflects the top and bottom surfaces with substantially similar reflective properties. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein circularly polarized electron radiation of the infrared portion of the electron spectrum reflects an upper surface and a lower surface with substantially similar reflection characteristics. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein circularly polarized electron radiation of the selected portion of the visible band reflects the top and bottom surfaces with substantially similar reflective properties. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the reflective characteristic of the upper surface is substantially the same as the reflective characteristic of the lower surface over the broadband portion of the electronic spectrum. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the reflective characteristic of the upper surface is substantially the same as the reflective characteristic of the lower surface over a narrow band portion of the electron spectrum. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the reflective characteristic of the upper surface is substantially the same as the reflective characteristic of the lower surface over the infrared portion of the electronic spectrum. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the reflective characteristic of the upper surface is substantially the same as the reflective characteristic of the lower surface over the ultraviolet portion of the electron spectrum. 238. The RHCP of claim 230, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer and reflects electron radiation to the right of circular polarization (RHCP), and the bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer and of right polarization (RHCP). Reflective film, characterized in that to reflect the electron radiation. 234. The system of claim 230, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer and reflects left circularly polarized light (LHCP) electron radiation, Includes a two-phase interference plane, The bottom surface is physically associated with the second layer, reflects left circularly polarized light (LHCP) electron radiation, Reflective film comprising a two-phase interference plane. 234. The system of claim 230, wherein the top surface is physically associated with the first layer, reflects left circularly polarized light (RHCP) electron radiation, Includes a two-phase interference plane, The lower surface is physically associated with the second layer and reflects left circularly polarized light (RHCP) electron radiation, Reflective film comprising a two-phase interference plane. 234. The reflective film of claim 230, wherein the first layer and the second layer are made of the same CLC material, and the upper and lower surfaces have similar reflection characteristics over the above-described region of the electron spectrum. A method of manufacturing a reflective film having reflective properties symmetrical with each other over a minimum portion of the visible band of the electron spectrum is: (a) making a first layer of a film material having an upper surface and a lower surface such that the reflection characteristic of the upper surface of the first layer is different from the reflection characteristic of the lower surface of the first layer over the visible band of the electron spectrum; (b) The reflection characteristic of the upper surface of the second layer is different from the reflection characteristic of the lower surface of the second layer over the visible band of the electron spectrum, and the reflection characteristic of the upper surface of the first layer is the second layer over the visible band of the electron spectrum. Making a second layer of film material having an upper surface and a lower surface to be similar to the reflective characteristic of the upper surface of the film; The top and bottom surfaces of the mixed film are substantially similar to the reflection characteristics over the minimum portion of the visible band of the electron spectrum, are stacked on each other to yield a mixed film having the top and bottom surfaces, and are physically associated with the top surface of the second layer. A method of manufacturing a reflective film, comprising the step of making an upper surface of the first layer. 246. The method of claim 246, wherein the reflection characteristic over the visible band of the electron spectrum of the mixed film is an ultra-wide band. 246. The method of claim 246, wherein the step (d) after the step (C) is performed by fragmenting the mixed film into a reflective microflake having a length and a width in a range of about 5 to 100 microns. Method of manufacturing a reflective film. 246. The method of claim 246, wherein the first layer of the film material comprises first cholesteric liquid crystal molecules distributed along a spiral axis extending vertically between the lower surface and the upper surface of the first layer, and vertically extending between the upper surface and the lower surface of the second layer. Method for producing a reflective film, characterized in that consisting of the second cholesteric liquid crystal molecules distributed along the spiral axis extending along the spiral axis. 246. The method of claim 246, wherein step (a) comprises calculating a first layer such that the top surface reflects the right-hand circularly polarized light (RHCP) electron spectrum, and step (b) comprises the right-sided circularly polarized light ( RHCP) A method for producing a reflective film, comprising the step of calculating a second layer to reflect the electron spectrum. 246. The method of claim 246, wherein step (a) comprises calculating a first layer such that the top surface reflects a left circular polarized light (LHCP) electron spectrum, and step (b) comprises a left circular circular polarized light ( LHCP) A method of manufacturing a reflective film, comprising the step of calculating a second layer to reflect the electron spectrum. 246. The method of claim 246, wherein step (a) comprises: Calculating a first layer such that an upper surface having a bi-phase interference plane reflects a right-hand circularly polarized light (RHCP) electron spectrum, and step (b) includes: And calculating a second layer such that the lower surface having the / 2-phase interference surface reflects the right-hand circularly polarized light (RHCP) electron spectrum. 246. The method of claim 246, wherein step (a) comprises: Calculating a first layer such that an upper surface having a bi-phase interference surface reflects a left circular polarized light (LHCP) electron spectrum, wherein step (b) includes: And calculating a second layer such that the lower surface having the / 2-phase interference surface reflects the left circular polarized light (LHCP) electron spectrum. Apparatus for producing reflective films having reflective properties of symmetry with each other over a minimum portion of the visible spectrum of the residual spectrum: Film layer production means for producing a first layer of a film material having an upper surface and a lower surface, and film layer production means for producing a second layer of a film material having an upper surface and a lower surface; It consists of a film contact means for taking the upper surface of the first layer so as to be in physical contact with the upper surface of the second layer and stacking the respective layers to yield a mixed film having the upper surface and the lower surface, The reflection characteristic of the upper surface of the first layer is different from the reflection characteristic of the lower surface of the first layer over the visible band of the electron spectrum, and the reflection characteristic of the upper surface of the second layer is of the first layer over the visible band of the electron spectrum. It is different from the reflection characteristic of the lower surface, the reflection characteristic of the upper surface of the first layer is similar to the reflection characteristic of the upper surface of the second layer over the visible band of the electron spectrum, And an upper surface and a lower surface of the mixed film are similar to reflection characteristics over a minimum portion of the visible band of the electronic spectrum. 254. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the reflection characteristic over the visible band of the electron spectrum of the mixed film is an ultra-wide band. 255. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the apparatus comprises film engraving means for slicing the mixed film into reflective microflakes having a length and width of about 5 to 10 microns. 254. The method of claim 254, wherein the first layer of the film material comprises first cholesteric liquid crystal molecules distributed along a spiral axis extending vertically between the upper and lower surfaces of the first layer, wherein the second layer of the film material is the second layer. Apparatus for producing a reflective film, characterized in that consisting of the second cholesteric liquid crystal molecules distributed along the spiral axis extending vertically between the upper and lower surfaces of the layer. 254. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the film layer manufacturing means comprises: means for producing a first layer such that an upper surface thereof reflects a rightward circular polarization (RHCP) electron spectrum; Apparatus for producing a reflective film, characterized in that the lower surface is composed of a means for producing a second layer to reflect the right-side circular polarization (RHCP) electron spectrum. 254. The apparatus of claim 254, wherein the film layer manufacturing means comprises: means for producing a first layer such that an upper surface thereof reflects a left circular polarized light (LHCP) electron spectrum; Apparatus for producing a reflective film, characterized in that the lower surface is composed of a means for producing a second layer to reflect the left circular polarized light (LHCP) electron spectrum. 254. The method of claim 254, wherein the film layer manufacturing means comprises: a first Means for producing a first layer such that an upper surface having a / 2-phase interference surface reflects a rightward circularly polarized light (RHCP) electron spectrum; 2nd And a means for producing a second layer such that a lower surface having a bi-phase interference plane reflects a right-hand circularly polarized light (RHCP) electron spectrum. 254. The method of claim 254, wherein the film layer manufacturing means comprises: a first Means for producing a first layer such that an upper surface having a / 2-phase interference surface can reflect left circularly polarized light (LHCP) electron spectrum; 2nd And a means for producing a second layer such that a lower surface having a bi-phase interference surface reflects a left circular polarized light (LHCP) electron spectrum.