KR102661758B1 - Method for preparing feed additive comprising insect oil and feed additive prepared by the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed additive containing edible insect oil and a feed additive prepared thereby, comprising the steps of (A) freeze-drying fasted edible insects; (B) powdering the freeze-dried edible insects and then roasting them; (C) cold-pressing roasted edible insects to extract oil; And (D) obtaining a feed additive including the extracted oil; by including this, immune function and weight gain can be improved.

Description

Method for preparing feed additive comprising insect oil and feed additive prepared by the same}

The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed additive that can improve immune function and body weight gain, including edible insect oil, and a feed additive manufactured thereby.

Approximately 2 billion people around the world consume insects. Countries that eat the most insects include China, Thailand, South Africa, and Mexico. In China, where the history of eating insects goes back more than 3,000 years, 170 species of insects are eaten, and in Mexico and Thailand, grasshoppers and crickets are used as useful food. It is estimated that humans consume more than 1,900 species of insects ( FAO 2013).

While interest is being paid worldwide in developing edible insects as alternative food, Europe, led by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), is actively working to turn insects into food to prepare for the future environment. FAO even states that ‘insects are small livestock.’

In a situation where we desperately need a solution to prepare for the food crisis, the value of insects as food is emerging. Insects are high-quality food rich in protein, minerals, and fat. In addition, not only is it highly ecologically efficient, but it also emits significantly less greenhouse gases that cause global warming compared to livestock, making it a future food resource that is beneficial to the environment.

It is predicted that the use of insects as food will be the most economical and sustainable way to solve the food supply problem for the Earth's population. Even though our country has food resources such as silkworm pupae and grasshoppers, it has not made much progress because people think they are disgusting. The insect food market consists of only a simple product called canned pupae, and the market has not been well researched.

In order for edible insects to establish themselves as an alternative food that will contribute to food security in Korea, the insect food market must be activated, and for this to happen, appropriate utilization must be made considering the market situation.

As mentioned above, one of the reasons insects are attracting attention as edible is because they are rich in nutrients. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), insects are rich in amino acids, have a high protein content, and have greater nutritional value because they contain more unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fats. Additionally, it is richer in minerals, vitamins, and fiber than beef.

Insects can be an important element in providing nutrients and energy to humanity. Butterfly or moth caterpillars contain approximately 53:15:17 g of protein, fat, and carbohydrates per 100 g of dry weight, and not only provide 430 kcal of calories, but also contain high-quality minerals and vitamins.

In addition, unlike large animals such as cows and pigs, insects efficiently convert plant proteins into animal proteins. For example, the protein conversion rate of crickets is known to be more than five times that of cows. In addition, the amino acid composition and protein digestion and absorption rate are said to be similar to beef. However, in the case of insect protein, tryptophan or lysine may be limited, but the digestion and absorption rate is very high at 77-98%, and the ratio of essential amino acids reaches 46-96%. Therefore, in order to meet the daily intake of essential amino acids according to FAO standards, it appears that consuming only 25-28 g of insects is sufficient.

In addition, the composition of fats and carbohydrates, which are the main energy sources, may vary depending on the species of insect, but they usually account for 7-77% of the dry weight and produce 293-762 kcal per 100 g. The basic composition of fatty acids is similar to that of regular meat, but it has a higher content of essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and contains more minerals such as zinc, iron, and calcium. Additionally, the content of vitamin B was found to be up to 200% higher than the same amount of chicken or beans.

Another reason is water conservation. According to FAO, two-thirds of the Earth's population will suffer from water shortage by 2025. However, although the amount of water required for 1 kg of beef is as much as 22,000 liters, insects can provide superior protein and nutrients in a much smaller amount. Currently, 70% of fresh water is used for agriculture, and it is said that livestock farming requires more than 100 times more water than grain when considering feed.

In addition, insects are cold-temperature animals and do not maintain body temperature, so they grow well with little feed and water. Although 10 kg of feed is needed to produce 1 kg of beef, 1.7 kg of insect feed is sufficient, and many insects can be cultured with a small amount of feed and water, making it possible to maintain them as continuous food.

Additionally, global warming gases such as carbon dioxide generated from raising livestock account for 17% of total warming, which is higher than all transportation methods used by humans. However, insects produce incomparably less greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide.

The above advantages have been a valid reason for continued development to utilize insects as a food resource. In order to turn these insect resources into food, important tasks remain such as eliminating insect aversion and ensuring continuous effort and stability.

Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 2018-0077893 Republic of Korea Patent No. 1728777

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a feed additive that can improve immune function and body weight gain, including edible insect oil.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive manufactured according to the above manufacturing method.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a feed composition containing the above feed additive.

The method for producing a feed additive containing edible insect oil of the present invention to achieve the above object includes the steps of (A) freeze-drying fasted edible insects; (B) powdering the freeze-dried edible insects and then roasting them; (C) cold-pressing the roasted edible insects to extract oil; and (D) obtaining a feed additive including the extracted oil.

It may further include extracting salt-soluble proteins from the defatted edible insects from which the oil was extracted between steps (C) and (D).

The solvent used when extracting the salt-soluble protein may be one or more selected from the group consisting of saline solution, aqueous sodium phosphate solution, and purified water.

The salt-soluble protein extract may be obtained by performing the treatment under ultra-high pressure of 100 to 600 MPa for 1 to 5 minutes.

The extracted oil and the extracted salt-soluble protein may be mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.5.

In step (A), freeze-drying may be performed by freezing at -80 to -70 °C for 10 to 20 hours.

In step (B), the edible insect powder may have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm.

In step (B), roasting may be performed at 100 to 200° C. for 1 to 20 minutes.

In step (C), cold pressing may be performed at a temperature of 30 to 50 °C.

The edible insects include mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor , TM), beetle larvae ( Allomyrina dichotoma , AD), white-spotted radish larvae ( Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis , PB), rice grasshoppers ( Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenko ), and twin-star crickets ( Gryllus bimaculatus ). It may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of.

In addition, the feed additive containing the edible insect oil of the present invention to achieve the above-described other purposes can be manufactured according to the above production method.

In addition, the feed composition of the present invention to achieve the above-described other purpose may include the feed additive.

The feed additive may be contained in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight.

The feed composition can be used for any one purpose selected from livestock, poultry, fish farming, and companion animals.

The feed additive of the present invention can improve immune function and weight gain by containing oil obtained by sequentially freeze-drying, roasting, and cold-pressing edible insects, or a mixture of the oil and protein.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed additive that can improve immune function and body weight gain, including edible insect oil, and a feed additive manufactured thereby.

In the present invention, the oil obtained by sequentially freeze-drying, roasting, and cold-pressing edible insects, or a mixture of the oil and salt-soluble protein, not only suppresses rancidity of the oil, but also improves immune function and weight gain. .

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The method for producing the feed additive of the present invention includes the steps of (A) freeze-drying fasted edible insects; (B) powdering the freeze-dried edible insects and then roasting them; (C) cold-pressing the roasted edible insects to extract oil; and (D) obtaining a feed additive including the extracted oil.

In addition, the method may further include extracting salt-soluble proteins from the edible insects from which the oil has been extracted between steps (C) and (D).

First, in step (A), fasted edible insects are freeze-dried.

The freeze-drying is used to increase the yield of oil and salt-soluble proteins and to suppress rancidity of the oil in the subsequent roasting step, by freezing at -80 to -70 ° C for 10 to 20 hours, preferably 12 to 15 hours. carried out over time.

If the freeze-drying time is less than the lower limit, the yield of oil and salt-soluble protein may be low, and if the time for freeze-drying is greater than the upper limit, oil and salt-soluble protein of excellent quality cannot be obtained.

Next, in step (B), the freeze-dried edible insects are powdered and then roasted at 100 to 200°C, preferably 150 to 180°C for 1 to 20 minutes, preferably 2 to 8 minutes. Inhibits rancidity.

If roasting is performed without powdering the freeze-dried edible insects, the rancidity of the oil cannot be reduced and immune function and body weight gain are not increased. If roasting is not performed, even if freeze-dried edible insects are used, the oil Rancidity occurs quickly and immune function may not be excellent.

The average particle diameter of the powdered edible insects is 0.1 to 1 mm, preferably 0.3 to 0.5 mm. If the average particle diameter of the edible insects is less than the above lower limit, the desired effect cannot be obtained because many parts are carbonized during roasting. , if the above upper limit is exceeded, rancidity of the oil may occur quickly even if roasting is performed.

If the roasting temperature and time are below the lower limit, the rancidity of the oil cannot be suppressed and there may be little effect on increasing immunity and weight gain. If the roasting temperature and time exceed the upper limit, the edible insects are carbonized and the desired effect cannot be obtained.

Next, in step (C), the roasted edible insects are cold-pressed at 30 to 50°C, preferably 35 to 40°C to extract the oil.

The cold pressing not only prevents the oil obtained from edible insects from deteriorating and becoming rancid, but also improves immune function and weight gain by using roasted edible insects. If the oil is extracted by high-temperature pressing or solvent extraction instead of cold pressing, rancidity progresses quickly and immune function and weight gain cannot be improved.

If the temperature during cold pressing is below the above lower limit, immune function and weight gain cannot be improved, and if it is above the above upper limit, the oil may easily become rancid.

After step (C), salt-soluble proteins can be extracted from the edible insects from which the oil was extracted.

Salt-soluble proteins and water-soluble proteins can each be extracted from the defatted edible insects. Since the water-soluble proteins cannot improve immune function and body weight gain compared to salt-soluble proteins, it is preferable to extract salt-soluble proteins.

The solvent capable of extracting salt-soluble proteins from the defatted edible insects is not particularly limited as long as it can extract salt-soluble proteins, but is preferably selected from the group consisting of saline solution, aqueous sodium phosphate solution, and purified water. One or more types may be mentioned.

The salt-soluble protein may be extracted using only the solvent, but for better results, it may be preferably extracted by applying ultra-high pressure under the solvent for 1 to 5 minutes, preferably 1 to 3 minutes.

The ultra-high pressure applied during the extraction is 100 to 600 MPa, preferably 200 to 500 MPa. If the ultra-high pressure is outside the above range, immune function and weight gain cannot be improved.

In addition, if the ultra-high pressure treatment time is less than the above lower limit, the effect is not improved compared to the case of extraction with solvent only, and if it exceeds the above upper limit, immune function and weight gain may be reduced.

The salt-soluble protein extract obtained in this way has a molecular weight of 70 to 200 kDa, preferably 75 to 180 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE (sodium-dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis), and is a high-molecular salt-soluble protein. This was obtained.

Next, in step (D), a feed additive can be prepared including the extracted oil or a mixture of the extracted oil and salt-soluble protein.

The extracted oil and the extracted salt-soluble protein are mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.5, preferably 1:0.2-0.3. If the salt-soluble protein content based on oil is less than the above lower limit, immune function and weight gain may not be improved, and if it exceeds the above upper limit, immune function and weight gain may be significantly reduced.

The edible insects used in the present invention are not particularly limited, but include mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor , TM), beetle larvae ( Allomyrina dichotoma , AD), white-spotted radish larvae ( Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis , PB), and rice grasshoppers ( Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenko ) and two-star crickets ( Gryllus bimaculatus ).

In addition, the present invention can provide a feed additive containing edible insect oil prepared according to the above production method, and can also provide a feed composition containing the feed additive.

The feed additive is contained in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight. If the content of the feed additive is less than the lower limit, the desired effect cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds the upper limit, the effect is no longer increased and sensory properties may be reduced.

The feed composition can be used for any one purpose selected from livestock, poultry, fish farming, and companion animals.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments are presented to aid understanding of the present invention. However, the following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention, and it is clear to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications are possible within the scope and spirit of the present invention. It is natural that such variations and modifications fall within the scope of the attached patent claims.

Example 1.

Mealworms that had been fasted for 1 day were freeze-dried at -78°C for 12 hours and then pulverized to obtain mealworm powder with an average particle diameter of 0.3 mm, which was then roasted at 160°C for 5 minutes. The roasted mealworms were cold-pressed at 35°C to extract oil to obtain a feed additive.

Example 2. Oil + salt-soluble protein

The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, but oil and salt-soluble protein were mixed at a weight ratio of 1:0.2 to obtain a feed additive.

The salt-soluble protein was obtained by adding 0.56 M saline solution to the defatted mealworm and then applying ultra-high pressure of 100 MPa for 2 minutes.

Comparative Example 1. Oil extraction using organic solvent

Mealworms that had fasted for 1 day were freeze-dried at -78°C for 12 hours and then pulverized to obtain mealworm powder with an average particle diameter of 0.3 mm, which was then extracted with hexane to obtain oil to obtain a feed additive.

Comparative Example 2. Oil extraction using organic solvent

The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, but the roasted mealworms were extracted with hexane instead of cold pressed to obtain oil, thereby obtaining a feed additive.

Comparative Example 3. Hot air drying

The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, but instead of freeze-drying mealworms that had been fasted for 1 day, they were dried with hot air at 100°C for 12 hours to obtain a feed additive.

Comparative Example 4. Roasting omitted

The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, but the roasting process was omitted and the freeze-dried mealworm powder was immediately cold-pressed to obtain a feed additive.

Comparative Example 5. High temperature pressing at 70°C

The feed additive was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that hot pressing was performed at 70 °C instead of cold pressing at 35 °C.

Comparative Example 6. Water-soluble protein

A feed additive was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that water-soluble protein was used instead of salt-soluble protein.

The water-soluble protein was obtained by adding 0.02% ascorbic acid to the defatted mealworm and then applying ultra-high pressure of 100 MPa for 2 minutes.

<Test example>

The experimental animals were completely fumigated and disinfected with formalin a week prior to their arrival, and thoroughly ventilated using a hood. After disinfection, 70 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were housed. The temperature in the breeding farm was maintained at 28 to 30°C and the relative humidity was 45 to 55%, and ventilation was performed only through a hood to block the inflow of external air. After chicks were housed, they were provided free access to food (0.612 to 0.637 kg) and water.

90 1-day-old Ross broilers were divided into 9 groups and fed 2% by weight of the feed additive prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples to evaluate the effect. After feeding, feed intake was measured every day, and body weight was measured once every 7 days until the 21st day of feeding.

The control group was fed regular feed.

Test Example 1. Measurement of average weight gain and feed efficiency

The growth promotion effect was measured after feeding the feed additives prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples.

[Table 1] division control group Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6 average initial weight
(kg) 0.6057 0.6024 0.6035 0.6084 0.6105 0.6092 0.6033 0.6059 0.6081 Average weight after 21 days
(kg) 4.7652 5.9842 6.2653 4.9125 5.1956 4.5981 5.3064 4.7853 4.6883 Average daily weight gain
(kg) 0.1980 0.2562 0.2696 0.2049 0.2183 0.1899 0.2239 0.1999 0.1942 feed efficiency
(gain.feed) 0.4010 0.4331 0.4526 0.4100 0.4125 0.3920 0.4151 0.4012 0.4001

As shown in Table 1 above, broiler chickens that consumed the feed additives prepared according to Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention gained more body weight than broilers that consumed the feed additives of the control and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and the feed It was confirmed that the efficiency was high.

Test Example 2. Measurement of immune enhancement effect_Immune cytokine expression

Changes in immunocytokine expression by feeding the feed additives prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples were measured.

Specifically, to confirm the mRNA cytokine expression level in splenic lymphocytes, isolated splenic lymphocytes were seeded in a 12 ^- well plate at a volume of 1 and cultured for 36 hours. After culturing, the cells were collected again and RNA was isolated using an RNA extraction kit, and the finally isolated RNA was used for real-time PCR after cDNA synthesis.

Specifically, Interleukin IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12, TNF-a, and IFN-gamma were detected using the MyiQTM real-time PCR detection system (Bio-165 Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) using cDNA as a template. The level was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

division control group Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6 IL-1β 0.61 0.94 0.98 0.69 0.78 0.62 0.67 0.63 0.65 IL-2 1.02 4.45 4.69 2.11 3.18 1.59 2.09 1.55 2.34 IL-12 1.00 4.38 4.72 2.09 3.20 1.49 2.10 1.31 2.38 TNF a 1.03 7.85 8.61 3.41 4.66 2.54 3.81 2.10 3.52 IFN-γ 1.00 2.52 2.94 1.84 2.21 1.24 1.77 1.18 1.96

As shown in Table 2 above, broiler chickens that consumed the feed additives prepared according to Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention had IL-1β and IL-2 compared to broilers that consumed the feed additives of the control and Comparative Examples 1 to 6. , it was confirmed that the expression levels of IL-12, TNF-a, and IFN-gamma were high.

In other words, feeding the feed additives of Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention can improve immunity by increasing the secretion amount of immune response cytokines in broiler chickens.

Test Example 3. TBA measurement

The TBA of the feed additives prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples was measured.

Fat rancidity (TBA) (mg MA/g) was determined by Tarladgis et al . (1960) was evaluated using the TBARS method and expressed as mg of malondialdehyde (MD) per g of sample. 50 ml of distilled water was added to 10 g of sample and mixed for 2 minutes with a homogenizer (AM-7, Nihonseiki, Kaisha Ltd., Japan), then 47.5 ml of distilled water was added, followed by 2.5 ml of 4N HCl, anti-foaming agent (KMK). -73, Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) was added. The mixture was distilled and 50 ml of distillate was collected.

5 ml of 0.02 M TBA (TBA reagent) added to 90% acetic acid was added to a test tube containing 5 ml of distilled water and mixed, then the tube was sealed, heated in boiling water for 30 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature. Absorbance was measured at 538 nm on a blank prepared with 5 ml distilled water and 5 ml TBA reagent using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer (Optizen 2120 UV plus, Mecasys Co. Ltd., Seoul, South Korea).

division control group Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6 T.B.A. 0.110 0.4842 0.4901 0.6121 0.6142 0.9921 0.8415 1.1210 0.5988

As shown in Table 3 above, it was confirmed that the feed additives prepared according to Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention suppressed rancidity compared to the feed additives of Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

Claims (14)

(A) Freeze-drying fasted edible insects;
(B) powdering the freeze-dried edible insects and then roasting them;
(C) cold-pressing the roasted edible insect to extract oil, and extracting salt-soluble protein from the edible insect from which the oil has been extracted; and
(D) obtaining a feed additive including a mixture of the extracted oil and the extracted salt-soluble protein at a weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.5; a feed additive containing edible insect oil, comprising a. Manufacturing method. delete The method of claim 2, wherein the solvent used for extracting the salt-soluble protein is at least one selected from the group consisting of saline solution, aqueous sodium phosphate solution, and purified water. The method for producing a feed additive containing edible insect oil according to claim 2, wherein the salt-soluble protein extract is obtained by performing the salt-soluble protein extract under ultra-high pressure of 100 to 600 MPa for 1 to 5 minutes. delete The method of claim 1, wherein in step (A), freeze-drying is performed by freezing at -80 to -70 ° C for 10 to 20 hours. The method of claim 1, wherein the edible insect powder in step (B) has an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (B), the roasting is performed at 100 to 200° C. for 1 to 20 minutes. The method for producing a feed additive containing edible insect oil according to claim 1, wherein the cold pressing in step (C) is performed at a temperature of 30 to 50 ° C. The method of claim 1, wherein the edible insects include mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor , TM), rhinoceros beetle larvae ( Allomyrina dichotoma , AD), white-spotted radish larvae ( Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis , PB), rice grasshoppers ( Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mistshenko ), and double starches. A method for producing a feed additive containing edible insect oil, characterized in that it is one or more species selected from the group consisting of crickets ( Gryllus bimaculatus ). A feed additive containing edible insect oil manufactured according to the manufacturing method of any one of claims 1, 3, 4, and 6 to 10. A feed composition containing the feed additive of paragraph 11. The feed composition according to claim 12, wherein the feed additive is contained in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight. The feed composition according to claim 12, wherein the feed composition is used for any one purpose selected from livestock, poultry, fish farming, and companion animals.