KR102361552B1 - Smart Safety Platform System - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a smart safety platform system. An embodiment of the present invention provides a smart safety platform system that includes: a mobile terminal provided with unique identification information and transmitting its own location information and the identification information to the outside; a location information generating means for generating location information of the mobile terminal that has transmitted a request signal in response to the request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal, and returning the generated location information to the mobile terminal; and a management server for receiving and storing the location information and identification information transmitted from the mobile terminal, monitoring the location of a worker in a construction site by identifying the identification information of the mobile terminal, and evaluating and managing the working profit and quality of the worker and/or a partner by tool and process unit.

Description

Smart Safety Platform System {Smart Safety Platform System}

The present invention relates to a smart safety platform system, and more particularly, to a smart safety platform system that evaluates and manages the working profit and quality of partners and workers by tool and process unit to improve productivity and safety management capability of a construction site. it's about

The construction industry is a labor-intensive industry in which a large number of workers are input and multiple tasks are performed simultaneously.

However, in the conventional construction site, as safety accidents frequently occur due to the dangers caused by various environments inherent in the site itself and due to the slight negligence of the workers, there is a fatal problem in that valuable human resources are lost.

In particular, while the total number of industrial accidents decreases every year, the number of construction accidents increases every year, increasing the ratio of construction accidents to total accidents.

In general, at a construction site, field workers in various fields across multiple tools are arranged to perform their own work, and managers for management and supervision of field workers perform control and management.

However, managers are placed with significantly fewer staff compared to on-site workers, creating an area where the manager's control and management is limited. There is a problem in that safety accidents such as falling, overturning and falling occur because the manager's control and management cannot be performed.

In addition, to prevent safety accidents, most construction sites and industrial sites provide safety management education for site managers and field workers, but there is a problem with low effectiveness as it is only a formal procedure.

In other words, safety accidents that occur at construction sites or industrial sites endanger the lives of field workers, as well as cause problems such as increase in construction cost, decrease in productivity, and extension of construction period. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to introduce a systematic and efficient safety management system that can ensure the safety of field workers at construction sites and industrial sites.

Republic of Korea Patent Registration No. 10-0928028

The technical task to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a smart safety platform system that can manage productivity and risk based on analysis of safety data at a construction site.

In addition, the technical task to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a smart safety platform system that can evaluate the capabilities of partners and workers based on the work profit index and quality index.

The technical problems to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below. There will be.

In order to achieve the above technical object, an embodiment of the present invention is given unique identification information, the mobile terminal for transmitting its location information and the identification information to the outside; location information generating means for generating location information of the mobile terminal that has transmitted the request signal in response to the request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal, and returning the generated location information to the mobile terminal; and receiving and storing the location information and identification information transmitted from the mobile terminal, monitoring the location of workers in the construction site by identifying the identification information of the mobile terminal, and the work of partners and/or workers by tool and process unit It provides a smart safety platform system, including a management server that evaluates and manages profits and quality.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the management server, by reflecting the work profit index and the quality index can evaluate the manpower competency for the partner and / or workers.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the management server may calculate an individual competency index by evaluating the individual competency, and calculate the organizational capability index by evaluating the organizational capability.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the management server calculates the personal competency index by using the work profit index and the quality index, but calculates the personal competency index by additionally reflecting the general personal information and/or special personal information of the worker It is possible to conduct competency evaluation of the workers.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the management server inputs and/or calculates the input input, obtains the arithmetic average value of the personal competency index for the input manpower, and processes environmental factors in order to reflect the issue of the manpower in the process itself After reflecting, the organizational competency index can be calculated.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the management server matches the general manpower factor and/or special manpower factor to the selected process, and reflects the human experience sensitivity to manpower risk for performing risk management and evaluation for the manpower participating in the process Evaluation information can be calculated.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the management server may be evaluated from the manager for the human experience sensitivity (S) for the risk of the personnel itself within a preset grade.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the location information generating means includes: a GPS module mounted on the mobile terminal to generate location information every preset time and return it to the mobile terminal; and a beacon module that is provided for each of a plurality of unit areas at the construction site, detects a nearby mobile terminal, receives a request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal, and returns location information for the unit area to the adjacent mobile terminal in response in response. may include

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a smart safety platform system capable of managing productivity and risk based on analysis of safety data at a construction site.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is also possible to provide a smart safety platform system that can evaluate the capabilities of partners and workers based on the work profit index and the quality index.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to the above effects, but it should be understood to include all effects that can be inferred from the configuration of the invention described in the description or claims of the present invention.

1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a smart safety platform system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a smart safety platform system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view showing a classification table according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention may be embodied in several different forms, and thus is not limited to the embodiments described herein. And in order to clearly explain the present invention in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted, and similar reference numerals are attached to similar parts throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is said to be “connected (connected, contacted, coupled)” with another part, it is not only “directly connected” but also “indirectly connected” with another member interposed therebetween. "Including cases where In addition, when a part "includes" a certain component, this means that other components may be further provided without excluding other components unless otherwise stated.

The terminology used herein is used only to describe specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present specification, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification exists, but one or more other features It should be understood that this does not preclude the existence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a smart safety platform system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a smart safety platform system according to an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a view showing a classification table according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1 to 3, the smart safety platform system according to an embodiment of the present invention is a mobile terminal 10 carried by workers, location information generating means for generating location information about the mobile terminal 10 and a management server 30 that collects the location information of the mobile terminal 10 and monitors the location of each worker 2 in the construction site 1 based on this.

The mobile terminal 10 may be a smart phone of the worker 2 entering and exiting the construction site 1 or a portable terminal provided to the worker 2 by a management entity for the purpose of control. The mobile terminal 10 is equipped with a communication module capable of data communication through the management server 30 and one selected communication network, and an input means for inputting the work progress status for each tool and/or process; It may include a display means capable of displaying the alarm information.

In this case, the communication network is an IP-based communication network that provides a large-capacity data transmission/reception service and a data service without interruption through the Internet Protocol (IP), or a wired communication network, a mobile communication network (2G, 3G, 4G, LTE) , Wibro (Wireless Broadband) network, HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) network, satellite communication network and Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) network can be selected according to the environment according to the construction situation.

For example, the mobile terminal 10 can transmit data to the management server 30 using a mobile communication network such as LTE or LoRa in an environment exposed at the construction site 1, and is disconnected from the outside. In the underground space (4), it is possible to establish a WiFi network network by itself to enable communication with the management server (30).

The mobile terminal 10 is given unique identification information, and can output and transmit a request signal for recognizing location information every preset time.

At this time, the unique identification information may include information such as the worker's (2) name, affiliated company name, team name, gender, age, etc., and the periodic output activity of the request signal is provided at the entrance of the construction site (1). It can be activated in conjunction with the start signal of the access terminal.

The initiation signal for the mobile terminal 10 may be made through a common recognition code such as a barcode or a QR code, and the recognition information of the mobile terminal 10 activated by this initiation signal is transmitted to the management server through the access terminal. By being transmitted to (30), it is possible to grasp the state of entry and exit of the worker (2).

In addition, the mobile terminal 10 may receive the location information returned as response information from the location information generating means, and transmit the identification information together with the location information to the management server 30 through one selected communication network.

The location information generating means generates location information of the mobile terminal 10 that has transmitted the request signal in response to the request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal 10, and returns the generated location information to the mobile terminal 10. can

For example, the location information generating means may include a GPS module mounted on the mobile terminal 10 to generate location information every preset time and return it to the mobile terminal 10 .

As another example, the location information generating means is provided for each of a plurality of unit areas at the construction site 1 , and receives a request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal 10 by detecting a nearby mobile terminal 10 , and in response to the corresponding unit area It may include a beacon module for returning the location information for the adjacent mobile terminal (10).

In the case of the GPS module, it is applied to the environment where it is difficult to divide the unit area in the construction site (1), that is, the civil engineering site (1) before the structure is built, etc. to generate direct location information of the worker (2) and use it 10) can be answered.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described as an example in which the beacon module 20 is applied as the location information generating means in the construction site 1 where the construction of the structure is in progress.

A beacon referred to in the present invention is a short-range wireless communication device based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology, which can operate with a small amount of packet transmission, and is typically paired ( Pairing) is unnecessary, and since it communicates with low power, the location can be recognized at a lower cost compared to other short-distance wireless communication technologies.

Each beacon module 20 is given area information for identifying a unit area in advance, and the location information returned from the beacon module 20 includes area information for identifying the unit area in which the beacon module 20 is installed. , the management server 30 is able to grasp the location of each area of the worker 2 through the location information transmitted from each mobile terminal 10 .

As such, in the system of the present invention, by applying a beacon module as a location information generating means, location information about the mobile terminal 10 can be recognized even in an environment where GPS is not possible, and in particular, distance information can be grasped in the location information within a unit area. It is possible to provide more reliable location information of the worker (2).

On the other hand, the management server 30 receives and stores the location information and identification information transmitted from the mobile terminal 10, and identifies the identification information of the mobile terminal 10 to identify the worker (2) in the construction site (1). ) can be monitored. In addition, the management server 30 records the real-time location information of the workers 2 in the construction site 1 to determine the movement of workers during working hours, When it detects entering into the system, it can guide not only the manager but also the worker (2) to recognize the risk, and evaluate and manage the work profit and quality of the partners and workers by tool and/or process unit.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the management server 30 assigns a level of risk to each of a plurality of unit areas, and sets access to each worker (2) to be restricted according to the assigned level of risk, and the access restricted area (A) However, when the mobile terminal 10 is located in the high-risk area (B) where only workers (2) of related occupations can access, it can generate and output a warning alarm signal to be monitored.

The warning alarm signal is interlocked with the management server 30 through a wireless or wired communication network and is transmitted and displayed to at least one manager terminal 300 to which access is granted, so that the manager facilitates the risk situation of the worker 2 make it easy to understand

When the mobile terminal 10 is located in the restricted access area (A) or high-risk area (B), the management server 30 transmits the warning and alarm signal together with the mobile terminal 10 through the selected one communication network. Workers (2) should be able to easily recognize that they have entered the danger zone.

Although not shown in the drawing, the manager terminal 300 includes an input unit for inputting warning or notice information for the worker 2 and a display unit for displaying monitoring information, and the warning or One or more of the announcement information or the warning alarm signal may be transmitted to the selected mobile terminal 10 .

That is, the manager terminal 300 is a mobile terminal 10 of a specific worker 2 or a mobile terminal 10 of all workers 2 , individually or collectively, or a warning such as an emergency evacuation or an accident. It will be possible to deliver items individually or collectively.

In addition, the mobile terminal 10 may receive one or more of the warning or announcement information or the warning alarm signal transmitted from the management server 30, and display it acoustically or visually.

For example, when the mobile terminal 10 receives the warning or notice information or warning alarm signal, the worker 2 can easily can make it possible to confirm.

Here, in the system of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , the beacon module 20 is mounted in the construction equipment 4 operated at the construction site 1 , and the management server 10 is attached to the construction equipment 4 . When the approach of the worker (2) is detected from the beacon module (20), a warning alarm signal is output and the worker (2) can be made aware of a dangerous situation through the transmission path as described above.

Meanwhile, the management server 30 may determine whether the worker 2 is abnormal by the accident alarm signal transmitted from the mobile terminal 10 .

First, if the location information does not change for a set time, that is, if the worker 2 does not move for a set time, the mobile terminal 10 determines this as an abnormal situation for the worker 2 and automatically generates an accident alarm signal. And it can be output and transmitted to the management server (30).

In conjunction with this, the management server 30 receives the accident alarm signal and identification information transmitted from the mobile terminal 10, analyzes it, and identifies the location information of the accident-occurring mobile terminal 10, installed in the unit area By controlling the driving unit 410 of the image detection unit 40 so that the camera 400 is photographed toward the accident occurrence mobile terminal 10, the worker 2 estimated to be an abnormal situation and its surrounding environment are monitored and actually Accurately determine the presence or absence of an accident and enable prompt replacement in case of an emergency.

In addition, the management server 10 may receive the accident alarm signal and identification information transmitted from the mobile terminal 10 and analyze it to identify the location information of the accident occurrence mobile terminal 10, and the accident occurrence mobile One or more other mobile terminals 10 adjacent to the terminal 10 may be designated.

And the management server 10 guides the abnormal situation and location information about the accident-occurring mobile terminal 10 to other designated mobile terminals 10, so that when an actual accident occurs, the manager close to the accident site before arriving at the accident site. By having other workers perform first aid and rescue activities, prompt replacement can be made in the event of an accident.

In addition, the management server 10 is a construction type (Construction Type) indicating the type and item of construction, a process (Progress) indicating an individual construction process (progress) according to each individual construction type, and / or a work place (indoor or Outdoor), in order to improve the productivity and safety management capability of the construction site, the work profit and quality of partners and/or workers by tool and process unit can be evaluated and managed. In this case, the management server 10 may classify by grade by evaluating the capabilities of partners and workers based on the work profit index and the quality index. For reference, the operating profit may be defined by the following equation.

[Equation]

Profit from work (unit cost of implementation - unit cost of subcontracting) = sales amount of work (unit price per work x number of work completed) - cost of work [(unit price of labor x number of people) + (unit price of equipment x number of units) x (work hours or working days) + material cost]

In addition, the working profit index may be defined as working profit compared to working sales.

The management server 10 may classify the grades set by evaluating the work profit index and quality index of the partner companies and/or workers with reference to FIG. 3 . For example, the management server 10 may classify the work profit index into 1, 2, and 3 according to the set work profit standard, and divide the quality index into 1, 2, 3 according to the set quality standard. In addition, the management server 10 may classify the evaluation grades of partners and/or workers into S grades, A grades, B grades, and C grades based on the work profit index and the quality index. In this case, the management server 10 may classify the evaluation grades of partners and/or workers based on the individual competency index calculated by the product of the work profit index and the quality index. Furthermore, the management server 10 may guide at least one of caution, warning, and replacement set to a partner and/or worker who has been given an evaluation grade whose evaluation score is less than the reference value.

Specifically, the management server 10 may evaluate the manpower competency for the partner companies and/or workers by reflecting the work profit index and the quality index. To this end, the manpower competency evaluation method of the management server 10 may calculate an individual competency index by evaluating the individual competency, and calculate the organizational capability index by evaluating the organizational capacity.

The management server 10 may calculate a personal competency index by using the work profit index and the quality index in the personal competency evaluation. At this time, the management server 10 additionally reflects not only general personal information of the worker including gender, age, physical information, etc., but also special personal information that may affect work, and calculates a personal competency index for each individual worker. competency evaluation can be performed.

In addition, in the organizational competency evaluation, the management server 10 inputs and/or calculates input input, obtains the arithmetic average value of the individual competency index for the input manpower, and the process environment in order to reflect the issue of the manpower of the process itself After reflecting the factors, the organizational competency index can be calculated. For example, the management server 10 obtains the average value of the individual competency index, and in step S634-5, whether the number of input manpower is appropriate (eg, under/excessive, etc.) It is possible to reflect issues related to the process' own personnel, such as whether there are special qualifications related to the process.

Such, the management server 10 can classify and generate historical statistical data for individual/organizational personnel who have participated in detailed tasks (works) by the same or similar work type/process in the past, and It is possible to comprehensively evaluate the capabilities of the on-site construction manpower (individual) and the organizational unit to which these construction manpower are aggregated and put into operation by type/process.

Furthermore, the management server 10 matches the general manpower factor and/or the special manpower factor to the selected process, and calculates manpower risk evaluation information for performing risk management and evaluation for the manpower participating in the process by reflecting the sensibility can do.

Here, the general manpower factor may be set according to a process in which information on standard performance indicators according to job descriptions for each position and competency level is selected. In addition, the general manpower factor according to the present invention includes "abnormal behavior of workers" and/or "normal behavior of the workplace" which further subdivided the causes of accidental accidents caused by negligence or negligence of manpower that occurred at the construction site in advance. may be set by grouping and subdividing in advance.

In addition, the general workforce factor may be set by reflecting the individual competency index and/or the organizational competency index. For example, qualification, experience, education completion, language communication ability, age, gender, etc. Statistical data of individual workers (individual capabilities) such as the physical characteristics of Average statistical data on organizational competency, including work competency and organizational experience, can be reflected.

In addition, the general manpower factor is data on the occurrence of real-time construction accidents caused by manpower participating in construction work, accident causes and damage, etc. that occurred in real time at various construction sites at home and abroad through wired and wireless communication networks in addition to the past statistical data. may be collected by reflecting in real time.

The above-mentioned special manpower factors are based on the results of competency evaluation for individual manpower and organization, and the work environment or work load, working hours, physical condition, possibility of occurrence of state risks according to the environment in the construction process where individual manpower and/or organization are placed, etc. Items that require individual consideration for individual personnel participating in unit processes, that is, individual factors that can be ignored in the statistical evaluation of organizational competency, may be additionally reviewed or information that needs to be considered may be included.

The special manpower factor may be additionally set to calculate the risk for the movement of construction equipment such as a dump truck, the area overlapping the work area (eg, movement of the equipment, the real-time work of the work movement and the field worker), and the like. To this end, the construction equipment that is put into the construction site to perform work or movement, or to be carried out, may include a sensor network that can individually monitor operation status, movement direction, and movement in the workplace in real time.

The management server 10 reflects the correlation between the risk of manpower within the region/region/region/range set by reflecting the special manpower factor (the physical condition of field workers input to the process, etc.) and the external environmental conditions within the process It may be used to calculate risk by specific region/region/region/scope, but to calculate real-time and/or predicted risk for each workforce by reflecting current and/or future external environmental condition information.

To this end, the management server 10 evaluates the average value of accident occurrence (based on past data) and actual evaluation according to the evaluation results (grade, number, etc.) By comparatively comparing the probability of occurrence (based on the data transmitted and inputted through the sensor network attached to the protective equipment such as the helmet of the worker currently working on the site) according to the evaluation results among field workers put into the target construction site, “ Personnel comparison index” can be additionally created. These “manpower comparison indicators” can be linked with virtual sensors installed in the construction site to determine or evaluate the risk potential of individual/organizational site workers according to the external weather environment (wind speed, wind direction, outside temperature, humidity, rainfall, etc.). have. In addition, accidents such as contact between construction equipment and workers in consideration of external work restrictions due to external environmental conditions such as individual/organizational placement and movement of field workers, abnormal high temperature and strong winds, and the movement and movement range of construction equipment in the site, etc. It is generated as an index for comparing (past-present-future) by additionally generating predictive information on the occurrence, and this index can be considered in the input of sensitivity (S).

In addition, the management server 10 may receive the risk of the manpower itself evaluated subjectively at the present time by the manager or the like through the manager terminal 300 . That is, the management server 10 may be evaluated from the manager for the human experience sensitivity (S) for the human resource risk of the input input within a preset grade. For example, the human attraction sensitivity (S) may be divided into grades on a three-score scale of upper, middle, and lower.

In summary, the management server 10 is based on the statistical information (past statistical data) of general personnel and organizations that have been put into individual unit processes or tasks to be performed, the adequacy of currently inputted work personnel and organizational units of individual personnel. It is possible to evaluate the adequacy of competency and work, and calculate the personnel risk assessment information that can predict and diagnose current or future risks through the evaluation results of individual personnel currently input.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a smart safety platform system capable of managing productivity and risk based on analysis of safety data at a construction site.

In addition, according to an embodiment of the present invention, it is also possible to provide a smart safety platform system that can evaluate the capabilities of partners and workers based on the work profit index and the quality index.

The above description of the present invention is for illustration, and those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains can understand that it can be easily modified into other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. will be. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single type may be implemented in a dispersed form, and likewise components described as distributed may be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following claims, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

10: mobile terminal
20: beacon module
30: management server
300: manager terminal

Claims (8)

a mobile terminal provided with unique identification information and transmitting its own location information and the identification information to the outside;
location information generating means for generating location information of the mobile terminal that has transmitted the request signal in response to the request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal, and returning the generated location information to the mobile terminal; and
Receive and store the location information and identification information transmitted from the mobile terminal, identify the identification information of the mobile terminal to monitor the location of the worker in the construction site, and work with at least one of partners and workers by tool and process unit A management server that evaluates and manages profits and quality; including,
The location information generating means,
a GPS module mounted on the mobile terminal to generate location information every preset time and return it to the mobile terminal; and
It is provided for each of a plurality of unit areas at the construction site, detects a nearby mobile terminal, receives a request signal transmitted from the mobile terminal, and in response returns the location information for the unit area to the adjacent mobile terminal, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) As a short-distance wireless communication device based on technology, it includes a beacon module that can determine a location even indoors where GPS is not possible,
The management server,
A level of risk is assigned to each of the plurality of unit areas, and access is set to be restricted by worker according to the level of risk assigned, and a warning is given if the mobile terminal is located in an area where access is restricted or in a high-risk area where only workers of related occupations can enter. The alarm signal is generated and output, but the warning alarm signal is output to the worker's mobile terminal to recognize that the worker has entered the danger zone, and at the same time, the manager's terminal is granted access so that the manager can grasp the worker's dangerous situation to output the warning alarm signal,
At least among the cautions, warnings, and replacements set for at least one of the suppliers and workers who were given an evaluation grade that was below the standard by evaluating the manpower competency of at least one of the suppliers and workers by reflecting the work profit index and the quality index guide about one,
The working profit index is defined as the working profit compared to the working sales,
The working profit is characterized in that defined by the following equation, a smart safety platform system.
[Equation]
Profits from work (unit cost of implementation - unit cost of subcontracting) = sales of work (unit price per work x number of work completed) - cost of work [(unit price of labor x number of people) + (unit price of equipment x number of units) x (work hours or working days) + material cost]
delete According to claim 1,
The management server,
A smart safety platform system, characterized in that the personal competency index is calculated by evaluating the individual competency, and the organizational capability index is calculated by evaluating the organizational capability.
4. The method of claim 3,
The management server,
Calculate the individual competency index using the work profit index and the quality index,
A smart safety platform system, characterized in that the individual competency index is calculated by additionally reflecting the worker's general and/or special personal information to perform competency evaluation for the worker.
4. The method of claim 3,
The management server,
In order to input and/or calculate input input, obtain the arithmetic average value of the individual competency index for the input manpower, and reflect the process environment factor in order to reflect the issue about the manpower in the process itself, it is characterized in that the organizational competency index is calculated, Smart safety platform system.
4. The method of claim 3,
The management server,
A smart safety platform, characterized in that by matching the general manpower factor and/or special manpower factor to the selected process, and calculating the manpower risk evaluation information to perform risk management and evaluation for the manpower participating in the process by reflecting the human experience sensitivity system.
7. The method of claim 6,
The management server,
A smart safety platform system, characterized in that the manpower sensitivity (S) to the risk of the manpower itself is evaluated within a preset grade from the manager.
delete

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