KR102314707B1 - Light controlling apparatus, method of fabricating the light controlling apparatus, and transparent display device including the light controlling appratus - Google Patents

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a light control device capable of transmitting or blocking light using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and a guest host liquid crystal layer including dichroic dyes, a manufacturing method of the light control device, and the light control device It relates to a transparent display device including a device. A light control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a first electrode on the first substrate; a second electrode on the second substrate; and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and a guest host liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer includes droplets having first liquid crystals. layer, and the guest host liquid crystal layer comprises second liquid crystals and dichroic dyes.

Description

LIGHT CONTROLLING APPARATUS, METHOD OF FABRICATING THE LIGHT CONTROLLING APPARATUS, AND TRANSPARENT DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE LIGHT CONTROLLING APPRATUS

The present invention relates to a light control device capable of realizing a transparent mode and a light blocking mode, a method of manufacturing the light control device, and a transparent display device including the light control device.

Recently, as the information age has entered, the field of display for processing and displaying a large amount of information has been rapidly developed, and various display devices have been developed and spotlighted in response to this.

Specific examples of such a display device include a liquid crystal display device (LCD), a plasma display panel device (PDP), a field emission display device (FED), an electroluminescence display device ( Electroluminescence Display device (ELD), Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED), and the like. This display device exhibits excellent performance of thinness, weight reduction, and low power consumption, so that the application field of the display device continues to increase. In particular, in most electronic devices or mobile devices, a display device is used as one of the user interfaces.

Also, recently, research on a transparent display device that allows a user to see an object or image located on the opposite side through the display device has been actively conducted due to its characteristics.

The transparent display device has advantages of space utilization, interior and design, and may have various application fields. The transparent display device can solve the spatial and visual constraints of existing electronic devices by implementing the functions of information recognition, information processing, and information display as a transparent electronic device. Such a transparent display device can be used for a smart window, and the smart window can be applied as a window for a smart home or a smart car.

Among them, a transparent display device using an LCD is implemented by applying an edge-type backlight, but the transmittance is very low. There is a disadvantage that is lowered, and it shows a disadvantage with respect to outdoor visibility.

In addition, a transparent display device incorporating OLED has higher power consumption than LCD, has difficulty in expressing true black, and has no problem in contrast ratio in a dark environment. It has a disadvantage as a transparent display device that deteriorates.

Therefore, in order to realize the transparent mode and the light blocking mode, a method of utilizing a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) composed of a single layer as a light control device of a transparent display device incorporating OLED This is being proposed. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) composed of a single layer mixes a liquid crystal with a monomer and then converts the monomer into a polymer through ultraviolet (UV) curing to convert the liquid crystal into the polymer. It can be formed by making it into a droplet state.

When an electric field is applied to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), the arrangement of the liquid crystal located in the polymer is changed. Accordingly, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) may scatter or transmit light incident from the outside. That is, since a device using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) can scatter light or transmit light without a polarizer, it can be applied as a light control device of a transparent display device.

The present invention uses a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer and a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer, so that light Provided are a light control device having a high transmittance and a high light blocking rate in a light blocking mode, a method of manufacturing the light control device, and a transparent display device including the light control device.

In addition, the present invention provides a light control device having a high transmittance of light in a transparent mode by reducing the amount of a dichroic dye included in the guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer.

In addition, the present invention provides a light control device in which a first alignment layer and a second alignment layer are adhered to each other on dams of barrier ribs included in a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer.

In addition, the present invention provides a light control device capable of making the background of the light control device invisible in a light blocking mode by displaying a specific color using dichroic dyes.

In addition, the present invention provides a light control device using a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer and a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer, which can reduce costs by simplifying the manufacturing process.

In addition, the present invention provides a transparent display device in which dams of a barrier rib of a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer are provided in a light emitting area of a transparent display panel.

A light control apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a first electrode on the first substrate; a second electrode on the second substrate; and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and a guest host liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer includes droplets having first liquid crystals, the guest host The liquid crystal layer is characterized by including second liquid crystals and dichroic dyes.

A transparent display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a transparent display panel including a transmissive area and a light emitting area, wherein pixels for displaying an image are provided in the light emitting area; and a light control device on one surface of the transparent display panel, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; a first electrode on the first substrate; a second electrode on the second substrate; and a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and a guest host liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the plurality of liquid crystal layers transmit incident light when no voltage is applied In the display mode in which the pixels display an image, the plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks incident light when a voltage is applied. In the non-display mode in which the pixels do not display an image, the plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a transparent mode for transmitting incident light or a light blocking mode for blocking incident light.

A transparent display device according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a transparent display panel including a lower substrate and an upper substrate; and a light control device disposed below or on an upper substrate of the transparent display panel, wherein the light control device includes: a first electrode disposed on a first substrate; a second electrode on the lower substrate or the upper substrate; and a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and a guest host liquid crystal layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the plurality of liquid crystal layers transmit incident light when no voltage is applied In the display mode in which the pixels display an image, the plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks incident light when a voltage is applied. In the non-display mode in which the pixels do not display an image, the plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a transparent mode that transmits incident light or a light-shielding mode that blocks incident light.

In the present invention, by including a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer and a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer, the transmittance in transparent mode is higher than that of the liquid crystal layer composed of one layer, and light blocking rate in light blocking mode can increase

In addition, in the present invention, by including a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer and a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer, it is possible to reduce the amount of dichroic dye compared to the liquid crystal layer composed of one layer, Transmittance can be increased in transparent mode.

In addition, in the present invention, by including a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer and a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer, the path of scattered light in the light blocking mode is lengthened. Accordingly, light absorption by the dichroic dye is increased, and the light blocking rate can be increased in the light blocking mode.

In addition, in the present invention, by displaying a specific color according to the dichroic dyes of the guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer, it is possible to make the background of the light control device invisible in the light blocking mode. may be

In addition, in the present invention, since the transparent mode can be implemented without voltage application, there is an advantage that separate power consumption is not required to implement the transparent mode.

In addition, in the present invention, the vulnerability of the guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer to external pressure can be compensated by bonding the first and second alignment layers on the dams of the barrier ribs of the guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer.

In addition, in the present invention, the manufacturing process can be simplified because a method of forming a liquid crystal material on a substrate and curing with UV is used, rather than a method of injecting liquid crystal between the first and second substrates, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. can

In addition, in the present invention, when the light control device is implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks light incident on the rear surface of the transparent display panel in a display mode in which the pixels of the transparent display panel display an image, the quality of the image displayed by the transparent display panel is improved. can be raised

In addition, in the present invention, by providing the dams of the barrier ribs of the guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) layer in the light emitting area of the transparent display panel to maximize the area of the dams of the barrier ribs, the adhesive force between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer can be increased. .

Further, in the present invention, the lower substrate or the upper substrate of the transparent display panel is also used as a substrate of the light control device. That is, the transparent display panel and the light control device may share a substrate with each other. Accordingly, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the substrate can be reduced, the thickness of the transparent display device can be reduced and the transmittance can be increased.

The effects of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

Since the content of the invention described in the problems to be solved above, the means for solving the problems, and the effects do not specify the essential characteristics of the claims, the scope of the claims is not limited by the matters described in the content of the invention.

1 is a perspective view showing a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the light control device of FIG. 1 in detail;
3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a light control device in a transparent mode.
4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a light control device in a light blocking mode;
5A and 5B are cross-sectional views showing details of other examples of a light control device;
6A to 6D are cross-sectional views illustrating in detail other examples of the light control device of FIG. 1 ;
7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8A to 8D are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing process of a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
9 is another cross-sectional view showing a manufacturing process of a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
11A to 11C are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing process of a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
13A and 13B are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing process of a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
14 is a perspective view illustrating a transparent display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
15A is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a lower substrate of the transparent display panel of FIG. 14 in detail;
15B is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of a lower substrate of the transparent display panel of FIG. 14 in detail;
16 is a perspective view illustrating a transparent display device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
17 is a cross-sectional view showing a transparent display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
18 is a cross-sectional view showing a transparent display device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Advantages and features of the present invention and methods of achieving them will become apparent with reference to the embodiments described below in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, but will be implemented in a variety of different forms, and only these embodiments allow the disclosure of the present invention to be complete, and common knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs It is provided to fully inform the possessor of the scope of the invention, and the present invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

The shapes, sizes, proportions, angles, numbers, etc. disclosed in the drawings for explaining the embodiments of the present invention are exemplary, and thus the present invention is not limited to the illustrated matters. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In addition, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may unnecessarily obscure the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

When 'including', 'having', 'consisting', etc. mentioned in this specification are used, other parts may be added unless 'only' is used. When a component is expressed in the singular, the case in which the plural is included is included unless otherwise explicitly stated.

In interpreting the components, it is interpreted as including an error range even if there is no separate explicit description.

In the case of a description of the positional relationship, for example, when the positional relationship of two parts is described as 'on', 'on', 'on', 'beside', etc., 'right' Alternatively, one or more other parts may be positioned between the two parts unless 'directly' is used.

In the case of a description of a temporal relationship, for example, 'immediately' or 'directly' when a temporal relationship is described with 'after', 'following', 'after', 'before', etc. It may include cases that are not continuous unless this is used.

Although the first, second, etc. are used to describe various components, these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. Accordingly, the first component mentioned below may be the second component within the spirit of the present invention.

"X-axis direction", "Y-axis direction" and "Z-axis direction" should not be construed only as a geometric relationship in which the relationship between each other is vertical, and is wider than within the range where the configuration of the present invention can function functionally. It may mean having a direction.

The term “at least one” should be understood to include all possible combinations from one or more related items. For example, the meaning of "at least one of the first, second, and third items" means 2 of the first, second, and third items as well as each of the first, second, or third items. It may mean a combination of all items that can be presented from more than one.

Each feature of the various embodiments of the present invention may be partially or wholly combined or combined with each other, technically various interlocking and driving are possible, and each of the embodiments may be implemented independently of each other or may be implemented together in a related relationship. may be

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A plurality of liquid crystal layers for use as a light control device of a transparent display device are arranged in a vertical direction by an alignment layer, so that incident light is transmitted as it is, and a transparent mode is realized. Light incident by the guest material is scattering and absorbed to implement a light blocking mode.

Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention invented a light control device having a new structure in which a transparent mode and a light blocking mode can be implemented using a plurality of liquid crystal layers through various experiments. This will be described in the Examples below.

[Light Control Unit]

A transparent mode and a light blocking mode can be implemented by a liquid crystal layer composed of a single layer that does not contain a dye, but in this case, a white light blocking mode is implemented by light scattering in the light blocking mode . However, the inventors of the present invention have recognized that the light blocking mode should be implemented as black rather than white in terms of visibility or contrast ratio for a light control device for a transparent display device.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention conducted various experiments in order to improve the light blocking state of the plurality of liquid crystal layers. The inventors of the present invention experimented with a guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) including a dye in order to implement a black light blocking mode. It was confirmed that the guest host liquid crystal (GHLC) containing the dye could implement the black light-shielding mode by light absorption of the dye. However, in the guest host liquid crystal (GHLC), it is difficult to implement scattering due to the absence of a polymer, so that the light blocking rate is low in the light blocking mode. Therefore, it was recognized that although the amount of dye was increased to increase the light blocking rate, when the transparent mode was implemented, the transmittance was lowered due to the light absorption of the dye, making it difficult to implement the transparent mode.

Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention recognize the above-mentioned problems, increase the transmittance by minimizing the light absorption of the dye in the transparent mode, and provide a light control device of a new structure that can implement a black light-shielding mode with a high light-shielding rate in the light-shielding mode invented.

A light control apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, 5A, 5B, and 6A to 6D.

1 is a perspective view of a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the light control device of FIG. 1 in detail. 1 and 2 , the light control apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 110 , a first electrode 120 , a plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 , and a second electrode ( 140 , and a second substrate 150 .

The first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150 may be a transparent glass substrate or a plastic film. For example, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150 are cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) or diacetyl cellulose (DAC), and COP (Norbornene derivatives) cyclo olefin polymer), COC (cyclo olefin copolymer), PMMA (acrylic resin) such as poly (methylmethacrylate), PC (polycarbonate), PE (polyethylene) or PP (polypropylene), such as polyolefin (polyolefin), PVA ( Polyester such as polyvinyl alcohol), PES (poly ether sulfone), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), PEI (polyetherimide), PEN (polyethylenenaphthalate), PET (polyethyleneterephthalate), PI (polyimide), PSF (polysulfone), or fluorine It may be a sheet or film including fluoride resin, but is not limited thereto.

The first electrode 120 is provided on the first substrate 110 , and the second electrode 140 is provided on the second substrate 150 . The first and second electrodes 120 and 140 may be transparent electrodes. For example, the first and second electrodes 120 and 140 may be formed of silver oxide (eg AgO or Ag2O or Ag2O3), aluminum oxide (eg Al2O3), tungsten oxide (eg WO2 or WO3 or W2O3), magnesium Oxides (eg MgO), molybdenum oxides (eg MoO3), zinc oxides (eg ZnO), tin oxides (eg SnO2), indium oxides (eg In2O3), chromium oxides (eg CrO3 or Cr2O3), antimony Oxides (eg Sb2O3 or Sb2O5), titanium oxides (eg TiO2), nickel oxides (eg NiO), copper oxides (eg CuO or Cu2O), vanadium oxides (eg V2O3 or V2O5), cobalt oxides (eg; CoO), iron oxide (e.g. Fe2O3 or Fe3O4), niobium oxide (e.g. Nb2O5), indium tin oxide (e.g. Indium Tin Oxide, ITO), indium zinc oxide (e.g. Indium Zinc Oxide, IZO), aluminum doped It may be zinc oxide (eg, Aluminum doped Zinc Oxide, ZAO), aluminum doped tin oxide (eg, Aluminum Tin Oxide, TAO), or antimony tin oxide (eg, Antimony Tin Oxide, ATO), but is not limited thereto.

As shown in FIG. 1 , a plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150 is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 131 , hereinafter referred to as a “PDLC layer”. It may include a "GHLC layer" and a guest host liquid crystal layer 132 (hereinafter referred to as "GHLC layer"). 1 illustrates that the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 include only the PDLC layer 131 and the GHLC layer 132, but is not limited thereto. That is, the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 may further include at least one PDLC layer or a GHLC layer in addition to the PDLC layer 131 and the GHLC layer 132 . Also, the PDLC layer 131 may be replaced with a polymer network liquid crystal layer (PNLC), but in this case, the polymer network liquid crystal layer may include spacers or barrier ribs.

This will be described with reference to FIG. 2 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , a GHLC layer 132 is provided on the PDLC layer 131 . The PDLC layer 131 includes a polymer 131a and droplets 131b. A plurality of first liquid crystals 131c may be included in each of the droplets 131b. That is, the first liquid crystals 131c may be dispersed into a plurality of droplets 131b by the polymer 131a. The first liquid crystals 131c may be nematic liquid crystals whose arrangement is changed by the vertical (y-axis direction) electric field of the first and second electrodes 120 and 140 , but is not limited thereto. The PDLC layer 131 is in a solid state except for the droplets 131b due to the polymer 131a. Accordingly, the PDLC layer 131 may maintain a cell gap without spacers or barrier ribs.

In order to implement a black light blocking mode, the GHLC layer 132 includes second liquid crystals 132a and dichroic dyes 132b. The second liquid crystals 132a may be a host material, and the dichroic dyes 132b may be a guest material. In this case, the black state of the light blocking mode may be realized by light absorption of the dichroic dyes 132b. Accordingly, external light passes through the PDLC layer 131 and is scattered, and the scattered external light is light-absorbed by the dichroic dyes 132b of the GHLC layer 132 to implement a light blocking state. In addition, since light scattered through the PDLC layer 131 has a long optical path and passes through the GHLC layer 132 , the light blocking rate can be increased.

The second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b may be nematic liquid crystals whose arrangement is changed by a vertical (y-axis direction) electric field, but is not limited thereto. The dichroic dyes 132b may be light-absorbing dyes. For example, the dichroic dyes 132b absorb light other than a wavelength band of a black dye or a specific color (eg, red) and absorb all light of a visible wavelength band and a specific color (eg, red). ) may be a dye that reflects light in the wavelength band. In an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the dichroic dyes 132b be black dyes in order to increase a light blocking rate for blocking light, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the dichroic dye 132b may be a dye having any one color of red, green, blue, and yellow or a color composed of a mixture thereof. have. When the dichroic dyes 132b of the GHLC layer 132 are dyes having a red-based color, light passing through the GHLC layer 132 from the PDLC layer 131 becomes a red-based color. Accordingly, when no voltage is applied, as light passes from the PDLC layer 131 to the GHLC layer 132 , the light control device 100 controls the color of the dichroic dyes 132b positioned in the GHLC layer 132 . can be displayed. Accordingly, when the light control device 100 of the present invention is implemented in the light blocking mode, it is possible to block the background while expressing various colors instead of the black color. Due to this, since various colors can be provided when light is blocked, it is possible to provide an aesthetic effect to the user. For example, when the light control apparatus 100 is applied to a smart window or a public window that can be used in a public place and requires a transparent mode and a light blocking mode, light can be blocked while expressing various colors according to time or place.

In addition, the PDLC layer 131 may also include a dichroic dye, but in this case, the amount of the dichroic dye included in the PDLC layer 131 does not significantly decrease the transmittance of light passing through the PDLC layer 131 in the transparent mode. It is preferable not to.

The dichroic dye 132b may be a material including aluminum zinc oxide (eg, Aluminum Zinc Oxide, AZO), but is not limited thereto. The dichroic dyes 132b may be included in the liquid crystal layer 130 in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 1.5 wt% when the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer 130 is 5 μm to 15 μm. However, as the light blocking rate of the light blocking mode is improved, an amount of the dichroic dye 132b smaller than 0.5 wt% may be included in the liquid crystal layer 130 . Accordingly, as the light blocking rate of the light blocking mode is improved, the amount of the dichroic dyes 132b may be reduced to 0.1 wt%. Alternatively, when the cell gap of the liquid crystal layer 130 is small, an amount of the dichroic dye 132b greater than 1.5 wt% should be included in order to improve the light blocking rate. Accordingly, when the cell gap is smaller than 5 μm, the dichroic dyes 132b may be included in up to 3 wt%. On the other hand, although the dichroic dyes 132b have a predetermined refractive index, the amount of the dichroic dyes 132b included in the liquid crystal layer 130 is small and the dichroic dyes 132b absorb incident light. (132b) contribute little to refracting the incident light.

In addition, when the amount of the dichroic dyes 132b in the liquid crystal layer 130 is increased in the light control device to increase the light blocking rate in the light blocking mode, the transmittance may decrease. Accordingly, the amount of the dichroic dyes 132b in the liquid crystal layer 130 may be set in consideration of the light blocking rate of the light blocking mode and the transmittance of the transparent mode.

In addition, the dichroic dyes 132b may be easily discolored by ultraviolet (hereinafter, referred to as “UV”). Specifically, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer (PDLC layer) or a polymer network liquid crystal layer (PNLC layer) including the dichroic dyes 132b requires a UV process to cure the polymer, in this case the dichroism There may be a problem in that the dyes 132b are discolored due to UV. For example, the blue dichroic dyes 132b may be changed to purple (purple) by UV. In this case, since the wavelength band of the light absorbed by the dichroic dyes 132b is different, a problem of blocking light in a color different from that originally intended may occur. In addition, the dichroic dyes 132b may be damaged by UV, and thus the light absorption of the dichroic dyes 132b may decrease. Accordingly, in order to prevent the light blocking rate of the light blocking mode from being lowered, the amount of the dichroic dyes 132b must be increased, which may increase the cost. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer 130 including the dichroic dyes 132b may be configured as the liquid crystal layer 130 that does not require a UV process. In addition, the GHLC layer 132 is in a liquid state, unlike the PDLC layer 131 . Accordingly, the solid-state PDLC layer 131 is not vulnerable to external pressure, and can maintain a cell gap between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150 without spacers or barrier ribs, and the GHLC layer 132 ) compensates for weakness to external pressure and requires spacers or barrier ribs to maintain the cell gap.

The partition wall 132c is formed in a concave-convex shape, and may include dams CA1 . A plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA are provided between the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c. The second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b are provided in the plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA between the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c. The second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dyes 132b provided in one liquid crystal area LCA are the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dyes provided in another liquid crystal area LCA by the dam CA1. (132b) can be separated. Accordingly, since the movement of the dichroic dyes 132b is very limited, the light control device may uniformly implement the light blocking mode as a whole. In addition, the barrier rib 132c according to the embodiment of the present invention can maintain a cell gap between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150, and is formed for each of the plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA in the light control device. The ratio of the two liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b may be maintained almost the same. For example, ratios of the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dyes 132b among the plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA may differ within 1%. When the ratio of the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b between the plurality of liquid crystal areas LCA is greater than 1%, the transmittance and the transmittance in the transparent mode between the plurality of liquid crystal areas LCA In the light blocking mode, the light blocking rate may be different from each other.

The barrier ribs 132c may be formed of any one of a transparent photoresist, a photocurable polymer, and polydimethylsiloxane, but is not limited thereto.

A first alignment layer 133 is provided on the partition wall 132c and a second alignment layer 134 is provided on the second electrode 140 . The second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b may be arranged in a predetermined direction by the first and second alignment layers 133 and 134 . For example, as shown in FIG. 2 , the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b may be arranged in a vertical direction (y-axis direction).

In addition, in order to implement a light control device having flexibility, the first and second substrates 110 and 150 may be plastic films. In this case, the first and second substrates 110 and 150 may be damaged by a high temperature process. Therefore, the process for forming the first and second alignment layers 133 and 134 on the first and second substrates 110 and 150 may use a vertical alignment material that can be formed at a low temperature of 200° C. or less.

In this case, the second alignment layer 134 may include an adhesive material to adhere to the first alignment layer 133 on the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c. At this time, as the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c increases, the adhesion area between the first alignment layer 133 and the second alignment layer 134 increases. The adhesion between them may be increased. Accordingly, since the GHLC layer 132 can compensate for its weakness to external pressure, a light control device having flexibility can be implemented. In addition, when the first and second substrates 110 and 150 are plastic films, since it is difficult to attach the first and second substrates 110 and 150 using a separate adhesive, the first alignment layer 133 and In order to increase the adhesive force between the second alignment layers 134 , it is preferable to increase the adhesion area of the first alignment layer 133 and the second alignment layer 134 , but as the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c increases, the liquid crystal region The area of (LCAs) becomes narrower. In this case, since the area in which the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dyes 132b are provided becomes narrow, a light blocking failure may occur in the light blocking mode. Therefore, the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c is preferably set in consideration of the light blocking rate and the adhesive force.

Additionally, the GHLC layer 132 may include a polymer network. In this case, the GHLC layer 132 may increase the scattering effect of incident light due to the polymer network.

The light control apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in a light-shielding mode for blocking light or a transparent mode for transmitting light by controlling the voltage applied to the first and second electrodes 120 and 140 . have. Hereinafter, the transparent mode and the light blocking mode of the light control apparatus 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 .

3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a light control device in a transparent mode, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a light control device in a light blocking mode.

3 and 4 , the light control apparatus 100 may further include a voltage supply unit 160 that supplies a predetermined voltage to each of the first and second electrodes 120 and 140 . Light blocking for blocking incident light by controlling the arrangement of liquid crystals and dichroic dyes of the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 according to the voltage applied to the first electrode 120 and the voltage applied to the second electrode 140 . mode or a transparent mode that transmits incident light.

3, when no voltage is applied, the first liquid crystals 131c of the PDLC layer 131, the second liquid crystals 132a of the GHLC layer 132, and the dichroic dyes 132b The first and second alignment layers 133 and 134 may be arranged in a vertical direction (y-axis direction). Specifically, no voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 120 and 140 or the difference between the first voltage applied to the first electrode 120 and the second voltage applied to the second electrode 140 is When the voltage is less than 1 reference voltage, the first liquid crystals 131c of the PDLC layer 131 , the second liquid crystals 132a of the GHLC layer 132 and the dichroic dyes 132b form the first and second alignment layers 133 . , 134) may be arranged in a vertical direction (y-axis direction).

In this case, the first liquid crystals 131c are arranged in the direction in which light is incident, and since the refractive index between the polymer 131a of the PDLC layer 131 and the first liquid crystal 131c becomes the minimum, the PDLC layer 131 The scattering of the incident light is minimized. In addition, since the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b are also arranged in the direction in which the light is incident, absorption of the light incident to the GHLC layer 132 is minimized. Therefore, most of the light incident on the light control device 100 may pass through the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the embodiment of the present invention can implement a transparent mode when no voltage is applied, so there is an advantage that separate power consumption is not required to implement the transparent mode.

As shown in FIG. 4 , when a voltage is applied, the first liquid crystals 131c of the PDLC layer 131 , the second liquid crystals 132a of the GHLC layer 132 and the dichroic dye 132b move in a horizontal direction. (x-axis and z-axis direction) may be arranged. Specifically, when the difference between the first voltage applied to the first electrode 120 and the second voltage applied to the second electrode 140 is greater than the second reference voltage, the first liquid crystal 131c of the PDLC layer 131 is and the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b of the GHLC layer 132 may be arranged in a horizontal direction (x-axis and z-axis directions). In this case, the second reference voltage may be greater than or equal to the first reference voltage.

At this time, since the difference in refractive index between the polymer 131a and the first liquid crystals 131c of the PDLC layer 131 becomes the maximum, the light incident on the PDLC layer 131 is scattered by the first liquid crystals 13c. do. Light scattered by the first liquid crystals 131c is scattered by the second liquid crystals 132a of the GHLC layer 132 or absorbed by the dichroic dyes 132b. Accordingly, the light control apparatus 100 may block the incident light in the light blocking mode. For example, when the dichroic dyes 132b are black dyes, the light control apparatus 100 may block incident light by displaying a black-based color in the light blocking mode. That is, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the background of the light control device can be made invisible by displaying a specific color according to the dichroic dyes 132b.

In the embodiment of the present invention, it may be assumed that the light blocking mode represents a case in which the transmittance of the light control device 100 is less than a%, and the transparent mode represents a case in which the transmittance of the light control device 100 is b% or more. The transmittance of the light control device 100 represents a ratio of light incident to the light control device 100 to light output. For example, a% may be 10 to 50%, b% may be 60 to 90%, but is not limited thereto. In this case, no voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes 120 and 140 , or the first voltage V1 applied to the first electrode 120 and the second voltage applied to the second electrode 140 ( When the voltage difference between V2) is smaller than the first reference voltage, the light control apparatus 100 is implemented in a light blocking mode in which transmittance is less than a%. When the voltage difference between the first voltage V1 applied to the first electrode 120 and the second voltage V2 applied to the second electrode 140 is greater than the second reference voltage, the light control device 100 transmits the transmittance This b% or more is implemented in a transparent mode. If the voltage difference between the first voltage V1 applied to the first electrode 120 and the second voltage V2 applied to the second electrode 140 is equal to or greater than the first reference voltage and less than or equal to the second reference voltage, the light Since the transmittance of the control device 100 is neither less than a% nor more than b%, both the transparent mode and the light blocking mode of the present invention are not satisfied.

Meanwhile, the second reference voltage may be set to be greater than the first reference voltage, but may be set substantially equal to the first reference voltage. In this case, the transmittance standard of the light blocking mode and the transmittance standard of the transparent mode may be set to be the same as c%. For example, when the voltage difference between the first voltage V1 applied to the first electrode 120 and the second voltage V2 applied to the second electrode 140 is smaller than the reference voltage, the light control device 100 is implemented in a light blocking mode with transmittance less than c%. When the voltage difference between the first voltage V1 applied to the first electrode 120 and the second voltage V2 applied to the second electrode 140 is equal to or greater than the reference voltage, the light control device 100 has a transmittance of c% It is implemented in transparent mode. For example, c% may be 10 to 50%.

3 and 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, the PDLC layer 131 including the first liquid crystals 131c transmits light in the transparent mode and scatters the light in the light blocking mode, and the second liquid crystal ( 132a) and the dichroic dyes 132b, since the GHLC layer 132 can transmit light in a transparent mode and absorb light in a light-shielding mode, transmit light in a transparent mode and block light in a light-shielding mode can

Meanwhile, when the light control device 100 includes one liquid crystal layer including dichroic dyes, for example, when one liquid crystal layer is a GHLC layer, scattering is difficult due to the absence of a polymer. Accordingly, there is a problem in that the light blocking rate is lowered in the light blocking mode. In this case, in order to increase the light blocking rate, a large amount of dichroic dyes should be included in one liquid crystal layer, for example, a GHLC layer in order to absorb light. However, when a large amount of dichroic dyes are included, there is a problem in that the transmittance of the light control device 100 in the transparent mode is lowered due to light absorption by the dichroic dyes.

In the case of the light control apparatus 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, light incident on the PDLC layer 131 as shown in FIG. 4 in the light blocking mode is scattered by the first liquid crystals 131c, and thus the light path is becomes longer In the case of the light control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, since light with a longer path is incident on the GHLC layer 132 , the light incident on the GHLC layer 132 is applied to the second liquid crystals 132a. There is a high probability of being scattered by the dichroic dyes 132b or absorbed by the dichroic dyes 132b. That is, when a plurality of liquid crystal layers such as the PDLC layer 131 and the GHCL 132 layer are included, light absorption by the dichroic dyes 132b is increased, so that the light blocking rate can be increased.

Meanwhile, since the dichroic dyes 132b of the GHLC 132 layer absorb light in the transparent mode, it is preferable to reduce the amount of the dichroic dyes 132b to increase transmittance. Accordingly, when the light control device includes the PDLC layer and the GHLC layers 131 and 132, the amount of the dichroic dye 132b can be reduced and the light blocking rate can be increased compared to the case where the light control device includes one GHLC layer. Accordingly, in the transparent mode, light absorption by the dichroic dyes 132b may be minimized, and transmittance may be increased. In the embodiment of the present invention, by including the PDLC layer and the GHLC layers 131 and 132 , the transmittance can be increased in the transparent mode while increasing the light blocking rate in the light blocking mode compared to the case including one GHLC layer.

FIG. 5A is a detailed cross-sectional view illustrating still another example of the light control device of FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 5A , the light control device 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 210 , a first electrode 220 , a PDLC layer 231 , a GHLC layer 232 , and a second It includes an electrode 240 and a second substrate 250 .

The first substrate 210 , the first electrode 220 , the PDLC layer 231 , the second electrode 240 , and the second substrate 250 of FIG. 5A is the first substrate described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . ( 110 ), the first electrode 120 , the PDLC layer 131 , the second electrode 140 , and the second substrate 150 are substantially the same. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the first substrate 210 , the first electrode 220 , the PDLC layer 231 , the second electrode 240 , and the second substrate 250 of FIG. 5A will be omitted.

The GHLC layer 232 is provided on the second electrode 240 . The GHLC layer 232 includes second liquid crystals 232a and dichroic dyes 232b. The second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dye 232b of FIG. 5A are substantially the same as the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dyes 232b of FIG. 5A will be omitted.

The GHLC layer 232 is in a liquid state unlike the PDLC layer 231 . Accordingly, the GHLC layer 232 requires spacers or barrier ribs to maintain the cell gap.

The partition wall 232c is formed in a concave-convex shape and may include dams CA1 . A plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA are provided between the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c. The second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b are provided in the plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA between the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c. Accordingly, the second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dyes 232b provided in one liquid crystal area LCA are dichroic from the second liquid crystals 232a provided in another liquid crystal area LCA by the dam CA1. It may be separated from the sex dyes 232b. Accordingly, according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, ratios of the second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dye 232b may be maintained almost identically for each liquid crystal area LCA. That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dye 232b in the light control device 200 may be uniformly maintained. For example, ratios of the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dyes 132b among the plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA may differ within 1%. When the ratio of the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dye 132b between the plurality of liquid crystal areas LCA is greater than 1%, the transmittance and the transmittance in the transparent mode between the plurality of liquid crystal areas LCA In the light blocking mode, the light blocking rate may be different from each other. The barrier ribs 232c may be made of any one of a transparent photoresist, a photocurable polymer, and polydimethylsiloxane, but is not limited thereto.

A first alignment layer 233 is provided on the partition wall 232c and a second alignment layer 234 is provided on the PDLC layer 231 . The second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dye 232b may be arranged in a predetermined direction by the first and second alignment layers 233 and 234 . For example, as shown in FIG. 5A , the second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dye 232b may be arranged in a vertical direction (y-axis direction). Also, the second alignment layer 234 may include an adhesive material to adhere to the first alignment layer 233 on the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c. At this time, as the area of the dams CA1 of the barrier rib 232c increases, the adhesion area between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 increases. The adhesion between them may be increased. When the first and second substrates 210 and 250 are plastic films, since it is difficult to attach the first and second substrates 210 and 250 using a separate adhesive, the first alignment layer 233 and the second In order to increase the adhesive force between the alignment layers 234 , it is preferable to increase the adhesion area between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 . However, as the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c increases, the area of the liquid crystal regions LCA becomes narrower. Therefore, light blocking failure may occur in the light blocking mode. Accordingly, the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c may be appropriately set in consideration of the light blocking rate and the adhesive force.

Additionally, the GHLC layer 232 may include a polymer network. In this case, the GHLC layer 232 may increase the scattering effect of the incident light due to the polymer network.

The light control apparatus 200 according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5A controls a voltage applied to the first and second electrodes 220 and 240 to block light or a transparent light transmitting mode. mode, the transparent mode and the light blocking mode of the light control device 200 shown in FIG. 5A are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 .

FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the light control device of FIG. 1 in detail. As shown in FIG. 5B , the light control device 300 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 310 , a first electrode 320 , a PDLC layer 331 , a GHLC layer 332 , and a second It includes an electrode 340 and a second substrate 350 .

The first substrate 310 , the first electrode 320 , the PDLC layer 331 , the second electrode 340 , and the second substrate 350 of FIG. 5B is the first substrate described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . ( 110 ), the first electrode 120 , the PDLC layer 131 , the second electrode 140 , and the second substrate 150 are substantially the same. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the first substrate 310 , the first electrode 320 , the PDLC layer 331 , the second electrode 340 , and the second substrate 350 of FIG. 5B will be omitted.

A GHLC layer 332 is provided on the PDLC layer 331 . The GHLC layer 332 includes second liquid crystals 332a and dichroic dyes 332b. The second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b of FIG. 5B are substantially the same as the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dyes 332b of FIG. 5B will be omitted.

The GHLC layer 332 is in a liquid state unlike the PDLC layer 331 . Accordingly, the GHLC layer 332 requires a spacer or barrier rib 332c to maintain a cell gap. The barrier rib 332c may be any one of a transparent photoresist, a photocurable polymer, and polydimethylsiloxane, but is not limited thereto.

The second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b are provided in the plurality of liquid crystal areas LCA between the dams CA1 of the partition wall 332c. Accordingly, the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dyes 332b provided in one liquid crystal area LCA are dichroic from the second liquid crystals 332a provided in another liquid crystal area LCA by the dam CA1. It can be separated from the sex dyes 332b. Accordingly, according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, ratios of the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b may be maintained to be substantially the same for each liquid crystal region LCA. That is, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b in the light control device 300 can be uniformly maintained. For example, ratios of the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b among the plurality of liquid crystal regions LCA may differ within 1%. When the ratio of the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b among the plurality of liquid crystal areas LCA is greater than 1%, the transmittance and the transmittance and the transmittance in the transparent mode between the plurality of liquid crystal areas LCA In the light blocking mode, the light blocking rate may be different from each other.

A first alignment layer 333 is provided on the PDLC layer 331 , and a second alignment layer 334 is provided on the GHLC layer 332 . The second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b may be arranged in a predetermined direction by the first and second alignment layers 333 and 334 . For example, as shown in FIG. 6B , the second liquid crystals 332a and the dichroic dye 332b may be arranged in a vertical direction (y-axis direction). Also, the barrier rib 332c may be cured by UV irradiation to be fixed to the first and second alignment layers 333 and 334 .

The light control device 300 according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5B controls the voltage applied to the first and second electrodes 320 and 340 to block the light or to transmit the light in the light blocking mode. mode, and the transparent mode and the light blocking mode of the light control device 300 shown in FIG. 5B are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 .

6A is a cross-sectional view illustrating in detail another example of the light control device of FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 6A , the light control device 400 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 410 , a first electrode 420 , a plurality of liquid crystal layers 430 , and a second electrode 440 . ), a second substrate 450 , a first refractive index matching layer 460 , and a second refractive index matching layer 470 .

The first substrate 410 , the first electrode 420 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 430 , the second electrode 440 , and the second substrate 450 of FIG. 6A have been described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . The first substrate 110 , the first electrode 120 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 , the second electrode 140 , and the second substrate 150 are substantially the same. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the first substrate 410 , the first electrode 420 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 430 , the second electrode 440 , and the second substrate 450 of FIG. 6A will be omitted.

The first refractive index matching layer 460 may be provided on a surface opposite to one surface of the first substrate 410 on which the first electrode 420 is provided. That is, the first electrode 420 may be provided on one surface of the first substrate 410 , and the first refractive index matching layer 460 may be provided on the other surface corresponding to the opposite surface of the first substrate 410 . .

Fresnel reflection may occur due to a difference in refractive index between the air and the first substrate 410 . For example, when there is a difference in refractive index between the air and the first substrate 410 , light incident on the first substrate 410 through the air may be reflected due to the difference in refractive index between the air and the first substrate 410 . can Therefore, the first refractive index matching layer 460 may have a refractive index between the air and the first substrate 410 in order to reduce a refractive index difference between the air and the first substrate 410 . For example, when the refractive index of air is 1 and the refractive index of the first substrate 410 is 1.6, the first refractive index matching layer 460 is formed to reduce the refractive index difference between the air and the first substrate 410 from 1.1 to It may have a refractive index of 1.5.

The second refractive index matching layer 470 may be provided on a surface opposite to one surface of the second substrate 450 on which the second electrode 450 is provided. That is, the second electrode 440 may be provided on one surface of the second substrate 450 , and the second refractive index matching layer 470 may be provided on the other surface corresponding to the opposite surface of the one surface of the second substrate 450 . .

Fresnel reflection may occur due to a difference in refractive index between the air and the second substrate 450 . For example, when there is a difference in refractive index between air and the second substrate 450 , a portion of light passing through the second substrate 450 may be reflected due to the difference in refractive index when it is incident on the air. Therefore, the second refractive index matching layer 470 may have a refractive index between the air and the second substrate 450 in order to reduce a refractive index difference between the air and the second substrate 450 . For example, when the refractive index of air is 1 and the refractive index of the second substrate 450 is 1.6, the second refractive index matching layer 470 is formed to reduce the refractive index difference between the air and the second substrate 450 from 1.1 to 1.1 to reduce the refractive index difference between the air and the second substrate 450 . It may have a refractive index of 1.5.

Each of the first and second refractive index matching layers 460 and 470 may be formed of a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA), an organic compound adhesive capable of thermal curing or UV curing, or the like.

6B is a detailed cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the light control device of FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 6B , the light control device 500 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 510 , a first electrode 520 , a plurality of liquid crystal layers 530 , and a second electrode 540 . , a second substrate 550 , a first refractive index matching layer 560 , and a second refractive index matching layer 570 .

The first substrate 510 , the first electrode 520 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 530 , the second electrode 540 , and the second substrate 550 of FIG. 6B are described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . The first substrate 110 , the first electrode 120 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 , the second electrode 140 , and the second substrate 150 are substantially the same. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the first substrate 510 , the first electrode 520 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 530 , the second electrode 540 , and the second substrate 550 of FIG. 6B will be omitted.

The first refractive index matching layer 560 may be provided between the first substrate 510 and the first electrode 520 . Fresnel reflection may occur due to a difference in refractive index between the first substrate 510 and the first electrode 520 . For example, when there is a difference in refractive index between the first substrate 510 and the first electrode 520 , the difference in refractive index when a portion of light passing through the first substrate 510 is incident on the first electrode 520 . may be reflected. Therefore, the first refractive index matching layer 560 may have a refractive index between the first substrate 510 and the first electrode 520 in order to reduce the refractive index difference between the first substrate 510 and the first electrode 520 . have. For example, when the refractive index of the first substrate 510 is 1.6 and the refractive index of the first electrode 520 is 2, the first refractive index matching layer 460 is formed between the first substrate 510 and the first electrode 520 . ) may have a refractive index of 1.7 to 1.9 to reduce the difference in refractive index between them.

The second refractive index matching layer 570 may be provided between the second substrate 550 and the second electrode 540 . Fresnel reflection may occur due to a difference in refractive index between the second substrate 550 and the second electrode 540 . For example, when there is a difference in refractive index between the second electrode 540 and the second substrate 550 , when a portion of light passing through the second electrode 540 is incident on the second substrate 550 , the difference in refractive index may be reflected. Therefore, the second refractive index matching layer 570 may have a refractive index between the second substrate 550 and the second electrode 540 in order to reduce the refractive index difference between the second substrate 550 and the second electrode 540 . have. For example, when the refractive index of the second substrate 550 is 1.6 and the refractive index of the second electrode 540 is 2, the second refractive index matching layer 570 is formed between the second substrate 550 and the second electrode 540 . ) may have a refractive index of 1.7 to 1.9 to reduce the difference in refractive index between them.

Each of the first and second refractive index matching layers 560 and 570 may be formed of a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA), an organic compound adhesive capable of thermal curing or UV curing, or the like.

FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the light control device of FIG. 1 in detail. As shown in FIG. 6C , the light control device 600 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 610 , a first electrode 620 , a plurality of liquid crystal layers 630 , and a second electrode 640 . ), a second substrate 650 , a first refractive index matching layer 660 , and a second refractive index matching layer 670 .

The first substrate 610 , the first electrode 620 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 630 , the second electrode 640 , and the second substrate 650 of FIG. 6C have been described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . The first substrate 110 , the first electrode 120 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 , the second electrode 140 , and the second substrate 150 are substantially the same. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the first substrate 610 , the first electrode 620 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 630 , the second electrode 640 , and the second substrate 650 of FIG. 6C will be omitted.

The first refractive index matching layer 660 may be provided between the first electrode 620 and the PDLC layer 631 . Fresnel reflection may occur due to a difference in refractive index between the first electrode 620 and the PDLC layer 631 . For example, if there is a difference in refractive index between the first electrode 620 and the PDLC layer 631 , when a portion of the light passing through the first electrode 620 is incident on the PDLC layer 631 , due to the difference in refractive index can be reflected. Therefore, the first refractive index matching layer 660 may have a refractive index between the first electrode 620 and the PDLC layer 631 in order to reduce a refractive index difference between the first electrode 620 and the PDLC layer 631 . For example, the first electrode 620 may have a refractive index between 1.6 and 1.8, and the PDLC layer 631 may have a refractive index between 1.3 and 1.6. In this case, the first refractive index matching layer 660 may The refractive index between the first electrode 620 and the PDLC layer 631 may be between 1.3 and 1.8.

The second refractive index matching layer 670 may be provided between the second electrode 640 and the GHLC layer 632 . Fresnel reflection may occur due to a difference in refractive index between the second electrode 640 and the GHLC layer 632 . For example, if there is a refractive index difference between the second electrode 640 and the GHLC layer 632 , when a portion of the light passing through the second electrode 640 is incident on the GHLC layer 632 , due to the refractive index difference can be reflected. Therefore, the second refractive index matching layer 670 may have a refractive index between the second electrode 640 and the GHLC layer 632 to reduce the refractive index difference between the second electrode 640 and the GHLC layer 632 . For example, the second electrode 640 may have a refractive index between 1.6 and 1.8, and the GHLC layer 632 may have a refractive index between 1.3 and 1.6, in which case the second refractive index matching layer 670 may The refractive index between the second electrode 640 and the GHLC layer 632 may be between 1.3 and 1.8.

Each of the first and second refractive index matching layers 660 and 670 may be formed of a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA), an organic compound adhesive capable of thermal curing or UV curing, or the like.

FIG. 6D is a detailed cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the light control device of FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 6D , the light control device 700 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 710 , a first electrode 720 , a plurality of liquid crystal layers 730 , and a second electrode 740 . ), a second substrate 750 , and a refractive index matching layer 760 .

The first substrate 710 , the first electrode 720 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 730 , the second electrode 740 , and the second substrate 750 of FIG. 6D have been described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . The first substrate 110 , the first electrode 120 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 130 , the second electrode 140 , and the second substrate 150 are substantially the same. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of the first substrate 710 , the first electrode 720 , the plurality of liquid crystal layers 730 , the second electrode 740 , and the second substrate 750 of FIG. 6D will be omitted.

The refractive index matching layer 760 may be provided between the plurality of liquid crystal layers 730 . That is, the refractive index matching layer 760 may be provided between the PDLC layer 731 and the GHLC layer 732 . The refractive index matching layer 760 adjusts the refractive index between the PDLC layer 731 and the GHLC layer 732 to prevent Fresnel reflection from occurring due to the refractive index difference between the PDLC layer 731 and the GHLC layer 732 . can have

The refractive index matching layer 760 may be formed of a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA), an organic compound adhesive capable of thermal curing or UV curing, or the like.

Taking the case where there is no refractive index matching layer inside the light control device as an example, when light is incident into the light control device, the difference in refractive index between the first electrode and the PDLC layer and the refractive index difference between the second electrode and the GHLC layer A Fresnel reflection occurs. That is, when the light control device is implemented in a transparent mode, when the light passing through the first electrode enters the PDLC layer while the light travels inside the light control device, a significant amount of light is reflected out of the PDLC layer due to a difference in refractive index do. Then, when the light passing through the PDLC layer and the GHLC layer passes back to the second electrode, a significant amount of light is again reflected inward of the GHLC layer due to the difference in refractive index between the second electrode and the GHLC layer. Accordingly, when the light control device is implemented in a transparent mode, a significant amount of light does not pass through the light control device and is reflected due to Fresnel reflection, thereby reducing transparency.

On the other hand, as described with reference to FIGS. 6A to 6D , in the light control device of the present invention, since the refractive index matching layer is disposed, Fresnel reflection hardly occurs while light passes through the light control device. For example, by offsetting the refractive index difference between the first electrode and the PDLC layer and the refractive index difference between the second electrode and the GHLC layer by the refractive index matching layer, the loss of light incident from the outside is prevented so that it can pass inside the light control device. can Therefore, when the light control device is implemented in the transparent mode, it is possible to provide the user with more improved transparency.

And, as already described, since the refractive index matching layer may be made of a transparent adhesive film such as OCA (optically clear adhesive), an organic compound adhesive capable of thermal curing or UV curing, etc., a short circuit that may occur inside the light control device can prevent For example, when a pressure is physically applied to the light control device, the first electrode and the second electrode come into contact with each other, and thus a disconnection may occur inside the light control device. In addition, during the manufacturing process of the light control device, there is a possibility that fine foreign substances are mixed in the PDLC layer and the GHLC layer, and the foreign substances play the role of a conductor that enables the electrical connection of the first electrode and the second electrode in the PDLC layer and the GHLC layer. Therefore, disconnection may occur inside the light control device. However, since the refractive index matching layer of the present invention is made of the aforementioned material, it may serve as an insulator. Accordingly, the refractive index matching layer can prevent a disconnection from occurring inside the light control device, thereby improving the reliability of the light control device. The light control devices 400 , 500 , 600 , and 700 according to the embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D block light by controlling the voltage applied to the first and second electrodes. Alternatively, it may be implemented in a transparent mode that transmits light, and the transparent mode and light blocking mode of each of the light control devices 400 , 500 , 600 , and 700 shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D are combined with FIGS. 3 and 4 . It is substantially the same as described.

[Manufacturing method of light control device]

7, 8A to 8D, 9, 10, 11A to 11C, 12, 13A, and 13B, a method of manufacturing a light control device according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. do.

7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 8A to 8D are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing process of a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8A to 8D .

First, as shown in FIG. 8A , the first electrode 120 is formed on the first substrate 110 , and the second electrode 140 is formed on the second substrate 150 . The first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150 may be a transparent glass substrate or a plastic film. The first and second electrodes 120 and 140 may be transparent electrodes. (S101 in FIG. 7)

Second, as shown in FIG. 8B , a first liquid crystal material for forming the PDLC layer 131 is applied on the first electrode 120 to form the PDLC layer 131 .

In this case, the PDLC layer 131 may be formed by applying a first liquid crystal material on the first electrode 120 and UV curing. The first liquid crystal material includes a plurality of monomers, first liquid crystals 131c and a photoinitiator. In this case, a mixing ratio of the plurality of monomers and the first liquid crystal 131c may be 30 wt%:70 wt% to 50 wt%:50 wt%. When the ratio of the plurality of monomers included in the first liquid crystal material is 30 wt% or less, the light blocking rate of the first liquid crystal material is lowered. In addition, when the ratio of the plurality of monomers in the first liquid crystal material is 50 wt% or more, the transmittance of the first liquid crystal material is lowered. Accordingly, the mixing ratio of the plurality of monomers and the first liquid crystal 131c may be set within the above range in consideration of light blocking rate or transmittance. When the PDLC layer 131 is formed through UV curing, in order for the first liquid crystals 131c of the PDLC layer 131 to be aligned in the vertical direction (y-axis direction), the plurality of monomers are materials having different surface energies. Among a plurality of different monomers, a monomer having a relatively low surface energy becomes the polymer 131a during UV curing and becomes a surface portion of the droplet 131b, thereby lowering the surface energy of the droplet 131b. . Accordingly, the droplet 131b having a lower surface energy causes the first liquid crystals 131c to be arranged in a vertical direction (y-axis direction). During UV curing, the UV wavelength band may be 10 to 400 nm, preferably 320 to 380 nm. And, although the UV irradiation time is different depending on the plurality of monomers, for example, the UV irradiation time may be 10s (10 seconds) to 100s (100 seconds). In this case, the UV intensity may be 10 to 50 mW/cm 2 , preferably 10 to 20 mW/cm 2 . Alternatively, when forming the PDLC 131 layer without UV curing, in order for the first liquid crystals 131c of the PDLC layer 131 to be aligned in the vertical direction (y-axis direction), the first liquid crystal material is the first liquid crystal 131c. Droplets (131b) with the must be included in the solvent (solvent). In this case, the PDLC layer 131 may be formed by coating the first liquid crystal material on the first electrode 120 and drying it. When the first liquid crystal material is dried, the solvent is vaporized, and the droplet 131b is changed from a spherical shape to an elliptical shape. Accordingly, the first liquid crystals 131c in the droplet 131b of the PDLC layer 131 are arranged in a vertical direction (y-axis direction). (S102 in FIG. 7)

Third, as shown in FIG. 8C , a partition wall 132c is formed on the PDLC layer 131 , a first alignment layer 133 is formed on the partition wall 132c, and the dam CA1 of the partition wall 132c is formed. ) a second liquid crystal material is injected into the liquid crystal regions LCA provided between the . The barrier rib 132c may be formed by an imprinting method or a photo lithography method. When the barrier rib 132c is formed by the imprinting method, a material for forming the barrier rib 132c is coated on the PDLC layer 131 and then pressed with a mold made of silicon, quartz, or a polymer material, thereby forming the barrier rib ( 132c) may be formed. A pattern of the partition wall 132c in which the thickness, height, width, etc. of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c is designed is formed in the mold. When the barrier rib 132c is formed by a photo lithography method, a material for forming the barrier rib 132c is coated on the PDLC layer 131 and then exposed using a photo process to form the barrier rib 132c can do. The barrier rib 132c may be formed of any one of a photo resist, a photocurable polymer, and polydimethylsiloxane.

The second liquid crystal material may include second liquid crystals 132a and dichroic dyes 132b. In this case, the GHLC layer 132 may be formed by injecting the second liquid crystal material into the liquid crystal regions LCA provided between the dams CA1 of the barrier rib 132c. The dichroic dyes 132b included in the second liquid crystal material may be included in an amount of 0.5 wt% to 5 wt% in the second liquid crystal material. In order to obtain a light blocking rate by the dichroic dyes 132b in the light blocking mode, 0.5 wt% or more of the dichroic dyes 132b may be included in the second liquid crystal material. In addition, since the dichroic dyes 132b partially absorb light even in the transparent mode, in order to obtain transmittance in the transparent mode, the amount of the dichroic dye 132d must be adjusted so that transmittance is not significantly reduced. Therefore, the dichroic dye 132b may be included in 5 wt% or less of the second liquid crystal material. (S103 of FIG. 7)

Fourth, as shown in FIG. 8D , a second alignment layer 134 is formed on the second electrode 140 . In this case, the second alignment layer 134 may include an adhesive material to be adhered to the first alignment layer 133 on the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c. Accordingly, the first alignment layer 133 provided on the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c may be adhered to the second alignment layer 134 . Accordingly, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150 may be adhered. As the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c increases, the bonding area between the first alignment layer 133 and the second alignment layer 134 increases, so that the adhesive force between the first alignment layer 133 and the second alignment layer 134 is increased. this can be higher Accordingly, since the GHLC layer 132 can compensate for its weakness to external pressure, a light control device having flexibility can be implemented. In addition, when the first and second substrates 110 and 150 are plastic films, since it is difficult to attach the first and second substrates 110 and 150 using a separate adhesive, the first alignment layer 133 and In order to increase the adhesive force between the second alignment layers 134 , it is preferable to increase the adhesion area of the first alignment layer 133 and the second alignment layer 134 , but as the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c increases, the liquid crystal region The area of (LCAs) becomes narrower. In this case, since the area in which the second liquid crystals 132a and the dichroic dyes 132b are provided becomes narrow, a light blocking failure may occur in the light blocking mode. Accordingly, the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 132c may be appropriately set in consideration of the light blocking rate and the adhesive force. For example, the adhesive force between the first alignment layer 133 and the second alignment layer 134 provided on the block portions CA1 of the partition wall 132c may be 0.05 to 0.3 N/cm. In this case, N/cm refers to a force applied to the bonding portion of the first alignment layer 133 and the second alignment layer 134 when the light control device 100 having a width of 1 cm is bent. (S104 in FIG. 7)

Alternatively, the first electrode 120 and the PDLC layer 131 are formed on the first substrate 110 , the second electrode 140 is formed on the second substrate 150 , and the second electrode 140 is formed. A partition wall 132c may be formed thereon. Then, the first alignment layer 133 is formed on the barrier rib 132c, and the second liquid crystal material is injected into the liquid crystal regions LCA provided between the dams CA1 of the barrier rib 132c. Further, the barrier rib 132c may be disposed on the PDLC layer 131 , and the barrier rib 132c may be thermally cured to bond the barrier rib 132c and the PDLC layer 131 . In this case, since the barrier rib 132c cross-links the PDLC layer 131 by thermal curing, the GHLC layer 132 may be supported.

Meanwhile, steps S102 to S104 of FIG. 7 may be formed in a Roll to Roll method as shown in FIG. 9 .

9 is another cross-sectional view illustrating a manufacturing process of a light control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 9 , first, the first substrate 110 on which the first electrode 120 is provided is moved by rollers R, and the first liquid crystal material injection device LD1 is a first liquid crystal. A material LM1 is applied on the first electrode 120 . The UV irradiation device UVD1 irradiates UV to the first liquid crystal material LM1 applied on the first electrode 120 , thereby forming the PDLC layer 131 . UV energy irradiated to form the PDLC layer 131 is the same as described with reference to FIG. 8B .

Second, the first substrate 110 on which the PDLC layer 131 is provided is moved by rollers, a partition 132c is formed on the PDLC layer 131, and a first alignment layer ( 133), the second liquid crystal material injecting device LD2 injects the second liquid crystal material LM2 into the liquid crystal regions LCA provided between the dams CA1 of the barrier rib 132c to the PDLC layer 131 . Apply on top Thus, the GHLC layer 132 is formed.

Third, the first substrate 110 on which the PDLC layer 131 and the GHLC layer 132 are provided is moved by rollers. Accordingly, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 150 provided with the second alignment layer 134 on the second electrode 140 may be bonded as shown in FIG. 9 .

Fourth, the light control apparatus 100 may be manufactured by cutting the bonded first and second substrates 110 and 150 .

As described above, the light control apparatus 100 illustrated in FIG. 2 may be completed according to the manufacturing method according to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8A to 8D or FIG. 9 . In addition, the light control devices 400 , 500 , 600 , and 700 according to other embodiments shown in FIGS. 6A to 6D are also shown in FIGS. 7 and 8A to 8D or 9 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It can be manufactured according to a manufacturing method according to

10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention. 11A to 11C are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing process of a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a light control device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11A to 11C.

Steps S201 and S202 of the method of manufacturing the light control device shown in FIG. 10 are substantially the same as steps S101 and S102 described in conjunction with FIGS. 7, 8A, and 8B. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of steps S201 and S202 of the method of manufacturing the light control device shown in FIG. 10 will be omitted.

11A , a barrier rib 232c is formed on the second electrode 240 , and a first alignment layer 233 is formed on the barrier rib 232c.

The partition wall 232c may be formed by an imprinting method or a photo lithography method. When the barrier rib 232c is formed by the imprinting method, a material for forming the barrier rib 232c is coated on the second electrode 240 and then pressed with a mold made of silicon, quartz, or a polymer material. (232c) may be formed. A pattern of the partition wall 232c in which the thickness, height, width, etc. of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c is designed is formed in the mold. When the barrier rib 232c is formed by a photo lithography method, a material for forming the barrier rib 232c is coated on the second electrode 240 and then the liquid crystal regions LCA are prepared using a photo process. The barrier rib 232c may be formed by partially exposing the region to be formed. The barrier rib 232c may be any one of a photo resist, a photocurable polymer, and polydimethylsiloxane. (S203 in FIG. 10)

As shown in FIG. 11B , the second liquid crystal material is injected into the liquid crystal regions LCA provided between the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c. The second liquid crystal material may include second liquid crystals 232a and dichroic dyes 232b. In this case, the GHLC layer 232 may be formed by injecting the second liquid crystal material into the liquid crystal regions LCA provided between the dams CA1 of the barrier rib 232c. The second liquid crystal material may include second liquid crystals 232a and dichroic dyes 232b. The dichroic dyes 232b may be included in 0.5 wt% to 5 wt% of the second liquid crystal material. In order to obtain a light blocking rate by the dichroic dyes 232b in the light blocking mode, 0.5 wt% or more of the dichroic dyes 232b may be included in the second liquid crystal material. In addition, since the dichroic dyes 232b partially absorb light even in the transparent mode, in order to obtain transmittance in the transparent mode, the amount of the dichroic dye 232b needs to be adjusted so that the transmittance of light is not significantly reduced. Therefore, 5 wt% or less of the dichroic dyes 232b may be included in the second liquid crystal material. (S204 in FIG. 10)

11C , the second alignment layer 234 is adhered to the first alignment layer 233 provided on the block portions CA1 of the partition wall 232c through a lamination process. The second alignment layer 234 may include an adhesive material. On the other hand, as the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c increases, the adhesion area between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 increases, so that between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 . may increase adhesion. Therefore, since the GHLC layer 232 can compensate for its weakness to external pressure, a flexible light control device can be implemented. In addition, when the first and second substrates 210 and 250 are plastic films, since it is difficult to attach the first and second substrates 210 and 250 using a separate adhesive, the first alignment layer 233 and In order to increase the adhesive force between the second alignment layers 234 , it is preferable to increase the bonding area between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 . However, as the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c increases, the area of the liquid crystal regions LCA becomes narrower. In this case, since the area in which the second liquid crystals 232a and the dichroic dye 232b are provided becomes narrow, a light blocking failure may occur in the light blocking mode. Accordingly, the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c is preferably set in consideration of the light blocking rate and the adhesive force. For example, the adhesive force between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 provided on the block portions CA1 of the partition wall 232c may be 0.05 to 0.3 N/cm 2 . In this case, N/cm indicates a force applied to the bonding portion of the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 when the light control device 200 having a width of 1 cm is bent. (S205 in FIG. 10)

Alternatively, the first electrode 220 and the PDLC layer 231 are formed on the first substrate 210 , the second electrode 240 is formed on the second substrate 250 , and the second electrode 240 is formed. A partition wall 232c may be formed thereon. Then, a first alignment layer 233 is formed on the partition wall 232c, and a second liquid crystal material is injected into the liquid crystal regions LCA provided between the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c. In addition, the barrier rib 232c may be disposed on the PDLC layer 131 and the barrier rib 232c may be thermally cured to adhere the barrier rib 232c to the PDLC layer 131 . In this case, since the barrier rib 232c cross-links the PDLC layer 231 by thermal curing, the GHLC layer 232 can be supported.

In addition, steps S202 to S205 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11A to 11C may be formed in the Roll to Roll method described in connection with FIGS. 8 and 10 .

As described above, according to the manufacturing method according to another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 10 and 11A to 11C , the light control device 200 shown in FIG. 5A can be completed.

12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of manufacturing a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention. 13A and 13B are cross-sectional views illustrating a manufacturing process of a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a light control device according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 12, 13A, and 13B.

Steps S301 and S302 of the method of manufacturing the light control device shown in FIG. 12 are substantially the same as steps S101 and S102 described in conjunction with FIGS. 8, 9A, and 9B. Accordingly, detailed descriptions of steps S301 and S302 of the method of manufacturing the light control device shown in FIG. 12 will be omitted.

13A, a first alignment layer 333 is formed on the PDLC layer 331, a second liquid crystal material LC is coated on the first alignment layer 333, and the applied second liquid crystal material A second substrate 340 is disposed on LC2 .

The second liquid crystal material LC2 may include second liquid crystals 332a, dichroic dyes 332b, and photocurable polymers. The dichroic dyes 332b may be included in 0.5 wt% to 5 wt% of the second liquid crystal material. In order to obtain a light blocking rate by the dichroic dyes 332b in the light blocking mode, 0.5 wt% or more of the dichroic dyes 332b may be included in the second liquid crystal material. Meanwhile, since the dichroic dyes 332b absorb UV when UV is irradiated, a part of the monomer may not be cured into a polymer. As the amount of dichroic dyes) increases, the amount of monomer remaining in the GHLC layer 332 increases due to UV absorption of the dichroic dyes 332b. Due to this, there may be a problem in that the transmittance of the GHLC layer 332 is lowered in the transparent mode. Accordingly, the dichroic dye 332b may be included in 5 wt% or less of the second liquid crystal material. (S303 in Fig. 12)

As shown in FIG. 13B , a mask M including an opening O and a blocking portion B is disposed on the second substrate 350 and UV is irradiated to view the second liquid crystal material LC2 . The barrier ribs 332c are formed by curing the chemical conversion polymers. Specifically, the photocurable polymers in the region to which UV is irradiated through the opening O of the mask M are cured, and the photocurable polymers in the region to which UV is not irradiated move to a high polymer concentration. . Accordingly, the photocurable polymers of the second liquid crystal material are gathered in a region corresponding to the opening O of the mask M to which UV is irradiated, thereby forming the barrier ribs 332c. In particular, since the barrier ribs 332c are fixed to the first and second alignment layers 333 and 334 , the first and second substrates 310 and 350 are bonded to each other. (S304 in Fig. 12)

As described above, the manufacturing method according to another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 12, 13A and 13B is not a method of injecting liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate, but a liquid crystal material on the substrate. Apply and UV curing method is used. Accordingly, since the manufacturing process can be simplified, the light control device 300 shown in FIG. 5B can be completed while reducing costs.

[Transparent display device]

A transparent display device according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 14 to 18 .

14 is a perspective view illustrating a transparent display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 14 , the transparent display device includes a light control device 1000 , a transparent display panel 1100 , and an adhesive layer 1200 .

The light control apparatus 1000 includes the light control apparatuses 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700) may be implemented as any one of the above. Accordingly, the light control apparatus 1000 may block light incident in the light blocking mode and transmit light incident in the transparent mode. In addition, since the light control apparatus 1000 may make the background of the light control apparatus invisible by expressing a specific color according to the dichroic dyes, it may provide an aesthetic feeling to the user in addition to the light blocking function.

15A is a detailed cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a lower substrate of the transparent display panel of FIG. 14 . 15B is a detailed cross-sectional view illustrating another example of a lower substrate of the transparent display panel of FIG. 14 .

15A and 15B , the transparent display panel 1100 includes a transmissive area (TA) and an emissive area (EA) in one sub-pixel area. In addition, the light emitting area EA may be referred to as a light emitting area, and the transmissive area TA may be referred to as a transmitting area. The emission area EA is an area displaying an actual image, and the transmission area TA is an area through which external light is transmitted through the transparent display panel. Accordingly, when the transparent display panel is not driven, the user can visually recognize the background of the transparent display panel, that is, the object on the back or the background of the transparent display panel through the transparent area TA. Alternatively, when the transparent display panel is driven, the user can simultaneously view the actual image of the light emitting area EA and the background through the transparent area TA. In the sub-pixel area, the area ratio of the emission area EA and the transmission area TA may be variously set in terms of visibility and transmittance.

Pixels P displaying an image are provided in the emission area EA. A transistor element T, an anode electrode AND, an organic layer EL, and a cathode electrode CAT may be provided in each of the pixels P as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B .

The transistor device T includes an active layer ACT provided on the lower substrate 1101 , a first insulating layer I1 provided on the active layer ACT, and a gate electrode GE provided on the first insulating layer I1 . ), the second insulating layer I2 provided on the gate electrode GE, the second insulating layer I2 provided on the second insulating layer I2, and connected to the active layer ACT through the first and second contact holes CNT1 and CNT2. It includes a source electrode SE and a drain electrode DE. 15A and 15B , the transistor device T is exemplified to be formed in a top gate method, but is not limited thereto, and may be formed in a bottom gate method.

The anode electrode AND is connected to the drain electrode DE of the transistor element T through the third contact hole CNT3 penetrating the interlayer insulating layer ILD provided on the source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE. do. A barrier rib is provided between the anode electrodes AND adjacent to each other, so that the anode electrodes AND adjacent to each other may be electrically insulated.

An organic layer EL is provided on the anode electrode AND. The organic layer EL may include a hole transporting layer, an organic light emitting layer, an electron transporting layer, and the like.

A cathode electrode CAT is provided on the organic layer EL and the partition wall W. When a voltage is applied to the anode electrode AND and the cathode electrode CAT, holes and electrons move to the organic light emitting layer through the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer, respectively, and the holes and electrons are combined in the organic light emitting layer to emit light.

15A illustrates that the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a bottom emission method. When the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a bottom emission method, light is emitted toward the lower substrate 1101 . Accordingly, the light control device 1000 may be disposed on the upper substrate.

In the bottom emission method, since the light of the organic layer EL emits light in the direction of the lower substrate 1101 , the transistor T may be provided under the barrier rib W in order to reduce luminance decrease due to the transistor T. In addition, in the bottom emission method, the anode electrode AND is formed of a transparent metal material such as ITO or IZO, and the cathode electrode CAT is formed of a metal material with high reflectance such as aluminum, a laminated structure of aluminum and ITO. . In addition, in order to improve transmittance, the cathode electrode CAT may be formed by patterning only the light emitting area EA.

15B illustrates that the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a top emission method. When the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a top emission method, light is emitted toward the upper substrate. Accordingly, the light control device 1000 may be disposed under the lower substrate 1101 .

In the top emission method, since the light of the organic layer EL is emitted toward the upper substrate, the transistor T may be widely provided under the barrier rib W and the anode electrode AND. Accordingly, the top emission method has an advantage in that the design area of the transistor T is wider than that of the bottom emission method. In addition, in the top emission method, the anode electrode AND may be formed of a metal material having high reflectance such as aluminum, a laminate structure of aluminum and ITO, and the cathode electrode CAT may be formed of a transparent metal material such as ITO or IZO. .

The transparent display panel according to the embodiment of the present invention may also be implemented in a dual emission method. When the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a double-sided light emitting method, light is emitted in the direction of the upper substrate and the direction of the lower substrate.

The adhesive layer 1200 adheres the light control device 1000 and the transparent display panel 1100 . The adhesive layer 1200 may be a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA) or a transparent adhesive such as an optically clear resin (OCR).

When the light control device 1000 is attached to the direction in which the light of the transparent display panel 1100 emits light, the light emitting area EA of the transparent display panel 1100 should not block light but only the transmission area TA. Therefore, the light control apparatus 1000 may pattern the light control apparatus to form a light blocking area in order to block only the transmissive area TA of the transparent display panel 1100 . In this case, the light blocking area should be aligned with the transmission area TA of the transparent display panel 1100 .

As described above, when the light control device 1000 is attached to the direction in which the light of the transparent display panel 1100 emits light, the light blocking area of the light control device 1000 must be patterned, and the light blocking area is formed on the transparent display panel ( Since it should be aligned with the transmission area TA of the 1100 , it is preferable that the light control device 1000 be attached in a direction opposite to the direction in which the light of the transparent display panel 1100 is emitted. For example, in the case of the top emission method as shown in FIG. 15B , one side of the adhesive layer 1200 is adhered under the lower substrate 1101 of the transparent display panel 1100 , and the other side is adhered to the light control device 1000 . can 15A , one surface of the adhesive layer 1200 may be adhered to the upper substrate of the transparent display panel 1100 , and the other surface may be adhered to the light control device 1000 . When the adhesive layer 1200 is formed of a transparent adhesive film such as OCA or a transparent adhesive such as OCR, it may have a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.9.

Also, in order for the transparent display device to realize true black, dichroic dyes having excellent dichroic ratio (DR) may be used. DR represents the light absorption rate in the long axis direction compared to the light absorption rate in the short axis direction of the dichroic dye. Since the dichroic dyes are arranged in the vertical direction (y-axis direction) in the transparent mode and in the horizontal direction (x-axis and z-axis directions) in the light-shielding mode, the unidirectional light absorption of the dichroic dye is the same as that of the dichroic dye in the transparent mode. It may be a light absorptance, and the long-axis light absorptance may be a light absorptivity of the dichroic dye in the light blocking mode. In order to implement a true black transparent display device, it may be efficient to use dichroic dyes having a DR of 7 or more.

Also, the lower substrate 1101 or the upper substrate of the transparent display panel 1100 may be the second substrate of the light control device 1000 . In this case, the second electrode 140 of the light control device 1000 may be provided on the lower substrate 1101 or the upper substrate of the transparent display panel 1100 .

The transparent display panel 1100 may be implemented in a display mode in which the pixels P display an image and a non-display mode in which the pixels P display an image. When the pixels P are implemented in a display mode that displays an image, the light control device 1000 may be implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks light incident through the rear surface of the transparent display panel 1100 in order to improve the quality of the image. can

In the non-display mode in which the pixels P do not display an image, the light control apparatus 1000 may be implemented in a light blocking mode or a transparent mode. When the light control device 1000 is implemented in the light blocking mode in the non-display mode in which the pixels P do not display an image, the transparent display device appears black to the user. When the light control device 1000 is implemented in the transparent mode in the non-display mode in which the pixels P do not display an image, the transparent display device is implemented transparently, so that the user can use the transparent display device to view the background of the transparent display device. can be seen

In addition, since the light emitting area EA of the transparent display panel 1100 blocks light regardless of whether the light control device 1000 is implemented in a light blocking mode or a transparent mode, the dam of the barrier rib 132c of the GHLC layer 132 is (CA1) is preferably provided in the light emitting area (EA). As the area of the dams CA1 of the partition wall 232c increases, the bonding area between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 increases. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the partition wall 132c of the GHLC layer 132 is By forming the dams CA1 in the light emitting area EA of the transparent display panel 1100 as wide as possible, the adhesive force between the first alignment layer 233 and the second alignment layer 234 may be increased.

16 is a perspective view illustrating a transparent display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 16 , the transparent display device includes a first light control device 1000a , a second light control device 1000b , a transparent display panel 1100 , a first adhesive layer 1200 , and a second adhesive layer 1300 . include

Each of the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b are light control devices according to embodiments of the present invention described in connection with FIGS. 1, 2, 5A, 5B, and 6A to 6D. It may be implemented as any one of (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700). Accordingly, each of the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b may block light incident in the light blocking mode and transmit light incident in the transparent mode. Each of the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b may provide an aesthetic feeling to the user in addition to a light blocking function according to the dichroic dyes.

The transparent display panel 1100 is substantially the same as described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15 . Accordingly, a detailed description of the transparent display panel 1100 will be omitted.

The first adhesive layer 1200 bonds the first light control device 1000a and the transparent display panel 1100 to each other. The first adhesive layer 1200 may be a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA). One surface of the first adhesive layer 1200 may be bonded under or on the upper substrate 1101 of the transparent display panel 1100 , and the other surface may be bonded to the first light control device 1000a. When the first adhesive layer 1200 is formed of a transparent adhesive film such as OCA, it may have a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.9.

The second adhesive layer 1300 bonds the second light control device 1000b and the transparent display panel 1100 to each other. The second adhesive layer 1300 may be a transparent adhesive film such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA). One side of the second adhesive layer 1300 may be adhered under or on the upper substrate 1101 of the transparent display panel 1100 , and the other side may be adhered to the second light control device 1000b. When the second adhesive layer 1300 is formed of a transparent adhesive film such as OCA, it may have a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.9.

The transparent display panel 1100 may be implemented in a display mode in which the pixels P display an image and a non-display mode in which the pixels P display an image. Assuming that the user views an image in the second light control device 1000b, when the pixels P are implemented in a display mode for displaying an image, the first light control device 1000a is transparent in order to increase the quality of the image. It may be implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks light incident through the rear surface of the display panel 1100 , and the second light control device 1000b is preferably implemented in a transparent mode.

In a non-display mode in which the pixels P do not display an image, the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b may be implemented in a light blocking mode or a transparent mode. When the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b are implemented in the light blocking mode in the non-display mode in which the pixels P do not display an image, the transparent display device appears black to the user. When the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b are implemented in the transparent mode in the non-display mode in which the pixels P do not display an image, the transparent display device is implemented to be transparent, so that the user can use the transparent display device. You can see the background of the transparent display through

Meanwhile, the transparent display panel 1100 may be implemented as a double-sided transparent display panel capable of displaying images in both directions. When the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b are implemented in a transparent mode in a display mode in which the double-sided transparent display panel displays images in both directions, users can view images in both directions. In addition, when any one of the first and second light control devices 1000a and 1000b is implemented as a light blocking mode in a display mode in which the double-sided transparent display panel displays images in both directions, in any one of the double-sided directions You can block the user from viewing the video.

17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a transparent display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 17 , the transparent display device includes a light control device 1000 and a transparent display panel 1100 .

The cross-section of the transparent display panel 1100 may be substantially the same as the cross-section of the bottom emission type shown in FIG. 15A or the cross-section of the top emission type illustrated in FIG. 15B , but in FIG. 17 , for convenience of explanation, the lower substrate 1101 ) and the upper substrate 1102 are shown. When the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented as a top emission type as shown in FIG. 15B , the light of the transparent display panel 1100 exits in the direction of the upper substrate 1102 , and thus the light control device 1000 operates the lower part as shown in FIG. 17 . It may be disposed under the substrate 1101 . In addition, when the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a bottom emission type as shown in FIG. 15A , the light of the transparent display panel 1100 exits in the direction of the lower substrate 1101, so that the light control device 1000 is configured to operate on the upper substrate ( 1102).

When the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented as a top emission type as shown in FIG. 15B , in the light control device 1000 of FIG. 17 , the second electrode 140 is not the second substrate, but a lower substrate of the transparent display panel 1100 . It may be implemented substantially the same as the light control device shown in FIG. 2 except for the one formed at 1101 . In addition, when the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a bottom light emission method as shown in FIG. 15A , the light control device 1000 determines that the second electrode 140 is not the second substrate but an upper substrate ( 1102 may be implemented substantially the same as the light control device shown in FIG. 2 .

Also, a refractive index matching layer for reducing a difference in refractive index between the second electrode 140 and the lower substrate 1101 may be formed between the second electrode 140 and the lower substrate 1101 . Furthermore, a protective layer surrounding the side surface or the side surface and the lower surface of the PDLC layer 131 may be configured. The lower surface of the PDLC layer 131 represents one surface of the PDLC layer 131 in contact with the first electrode 120 . In addition, the passivation layer may serve to protect the first electrode 120 as well as the PDLC layer 131 . The passivation layer may be made of a transparent inorganic material having a certain strength and allowing external light to pass therethrough. The protective layer may be made of any one of a polymer, optical clear adhesive (OCA), a high molecular organic compound that can be cured by heat or UV, and SiOx, SiNx, and polyimide, which are transparent inorganic types, but is not limited thereto. In addition, when higher strength is required according to the usage environment of the transparent display device, the passivation layer may be a transparent plastic or a transparent substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Furthermore, the passivation layer may have a refractive index of 1.3 to 1.9 for refractive index matching.

In addition, an adhesive layer may be further configured to couple the light control device 1000 and the transparent display panel 1100 . The adhesive layer is disposed between the second electrode 140 of the light control device 1000 and the lower substrate 1101 of the transparent display panel 1100 . For example, the adhesive layer may be an adhesive film such as optical clear adhesive (OCA), which is one of optically clear adhesives. In this case, the light control device 1000 and the transparent display panel ( 1100) may be combined. In addition, the OCA used as the adhesive layer may have a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.9.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the lower substrate 1101 or the upper substrate 1102 of the transparent display panel 1100 is also used as the substrate of the light control device 1000 . That is, the transparent display panel 1100 and the light control device 1000 share a substrate with each other. Accordingly, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the substrate can be reduced, the thickness of the transparent display device can be reduced and transparency can be increased.

18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a transparent display device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 18 , the transparent display device includes a light control device 1000 ′ and a transparent display panel 1100 .

The cross-section of the transparent display panel 1100 may be substantially the same as the cross-section of the bottom emission type shown in FIG. 15A or the cross-section of the top emission type illustrated in FIG. 15B , but in FIG. 18 , for convenience of explanation, the lower substrate 1101 ) and the upper substrate 1102 are shown. When the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a top emission method as shown in FIG. 15B , the light of the transparent display panel 1100 exits in the direction of the upper substrate 1102 , and thus the light control device 1000 ′ is configured as shown in FIG. 18 . It may be disposed under the lower substrate 1101 . In addition, when the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a bottom emission type as shown in FIG. 15A , the light of the transparent display panel 1100 goes out in the direction of the lower substrate 1101 , and thus the light control device 1000 ′ is disposed on the upper substrate. may be disposed on 1102 .

The light control device 1000 ′ may include a first substrate 110 , a first electrode 120 , a PDLC layer 131 , and a second electrode 140 as shown in FIG. 18 . That is, FIG. 18 illustrates that the light control device 1000 ′ includes one liquid crystal layer. 18 illustrates that one liquid crystal layer is a PDLC layer 131 corresponding to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, but is not limited thereto, and a polymer network liquid crystal layer or a cholesteric liquid crystal layer It can be implemented as a liquid crystal layer).

In the first substrate 110 , the first electrode 120 , the PDLC layer 131 , and the second electrode 140 of the light control device 1000 ′ shown in FIG. 18 , the second electrode 140 is the second It is substantially the same as described in connection with FIG. 2 except that it is formed on the lower substrate 1101 of the transparent display panel 1100 rather than the substrate. In addition, when the transparent display panel 1100 is implemented in a bottom emission type as shown in FIG. 15A , the second electrode 140 of the light control device 1000 ′ is not the second substrate, but an upper substrate of the transparent display panel 1100 . It may be formed at 1102 .

Meanwhile, in the embodiment of the present invention, the protective layer 135 surrounding the side surface or the side surface and the lower surface of the PDLC layer 131 may be configured. The lower surface of the PDLC layer 131 represents one surface of the PDLC layer 131 in contact with the first electrode 120 . In addition, the passivation layer 135 may serve to protect the first electrode 120 as well as the PDLC layer 131 . The passivation layer 135 may be made of a transparent inorganic material having a certain strength and allowing external light to pass therethrough. The passivation layer 135 may be formed of any one of a polymer, optical clear adhesive (OCA), a high molecular organic compound that can be cured by heat or UV, and SiOx, SiNx, and polyimide, which are transparent inorganic materials, but is not limited thereto. . In addition, the passivation layer 135 may be a transparent plastic or a transparent substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) when higher strength is required according to the usage environment of the transparent display device.

Furthermore, the passivation layer 135 may have a refractive index of 1.3 to 1.8 in order to prevent Fresnel reflection from occurring due to a difference in refractive index between the first electrode 120 and the PDLC layer 131 . Since the first electrode 120 may have a refractive index between 1.6 and 1.8 and the PDLC layer 131 may have a refractive index between 1.3 and 1.6, the protective film 135 may have a refractive index between 1.3 and 1.8. In the case of having a refractive index between the PDLC layer and the PDLC layer 131 , it is possible to prevent Fresnel reflection from occurring due to a difference in refractive index between the first electrode 120 and the PDLC layer 131 .

In addition, when the light control device 1000 ′ does not include the passivation layer 135 , a short that may occur inside the light control device may be prevented. For example, when pressure is physically applied to the light control device 1000 ′, the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 140 may come into contact with each other, thereby causing a disconnection in the light control device 1000 ′. . In addition, during the manufacturing process of the light control device 1000 ′, there is a possibility that a fine foreign material is mixed with the PDLC layer 131 , and the foreign material is mixed with the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 140 in the PDLC layer 131 . It acts as a conductor that makes an electrical connection possible, causing a break inside the light control device. However, since the passivation layer 135 is made of the aforementioned material, it may serve as an insulator. Accordingly, the passivation layer 135 can prevent a disconnection from occurring inside the light control device 1000 ′, thereby improving the reliability of the light control device 1000 ′.

Furthermore, a refractive index matching layer for reducing a refractive index difference between the second electrode 140 and the lower substrate 1101 may be formed between the second electrode 140 and the lower substrate 1101 . Also, a refractive index matching layer for reducing a difference in refractive index between the second electrode 140 and the PDLC layer 131 may be formed between the second electrode 140 and the PDLC layer 131 .

In addition, an adhesive layer may be further configured to couple the light control device 1000 ′ and the transparent display panel 1100 . The adhesive layer is disposed between the second electrode 140 of the light control device 1000 ′ and the lower substrate 1101 of the transparent display panel 1100 . For example, the adhesive layer may be an adhesive film such as optical clear adhesive (OCA), which is one of optically clear adhesives. After being attached to the second electrode 140 of the light control device 1000 ′ or the rear surface of the lower substrate 1101 of the transparent display panel 1100 , the light control device 1000 ′ and the transparent display panel 1100 go through a lamination process. ) can be combined. In addition, the OCA used as the adhesive layer may have a refractive index between 1.4 and 1.9. As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the lower substrate 1101 or the upper substrate 1102 of the transparent display panel 1100 is also used as a substrate of the light control device 1000 ′. That is, the transparent display panel 1100 and the light control device 1000 ′ share a substrate with each other. Accordingly, in the embodiment of the present invention, since the substrate can be reduced, the thickness of the transparent display device can be reduced and transparency can be increased.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these embodiments, and various modifications may be made within the scope without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. . Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention, but to explain, and the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The protection scope of the present invention should be construed by the claims, and all technical ideas within the scope equivalent thereto should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 1000: light control unit
110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710: first substrate
120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720: first electrode
130, 230, 330, 430, 530, 630, 730: liquid crystal layers
131, 231, 331, 431, 531, 631, 731: PDLC layer
132, 232, 332, 432, 532, 632, 732: GHLC layer
140, 240, 340, 440, 540, 640, 740: second electrode
150, 250, 350, 450, 550, 650, 750: second substrate
460, 560, 660: first refractive index matching layer
470, 570, 670: second refractive index matching layer
760: refractive index matching layer
1000a: first light control device
1000b: second light control device
1100: transparent display panel

Claims (20)

a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other;
a first electrode on the first substrate;
a second electrode on the second substrate;
a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including droplets having first liquid crystals;
a guest host liquid crystal layer having a barrier rib disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and having second liquid crystals, dichroic dyes and dams;
a first alignment layer on the barrier rib; and
A second alignment layer having an adhesive material,
A plurality of liquid crystal regions including the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dyes are provided between the dams;
and the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are adhered on the dams to arrange the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dyes in one direction. delete The method of claim 1,
The light control device according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dye is less than 1% between the plurality of liquid crystal regions. The method of claim 1,
and the second alignment layer is between the first alignment layer and the second electrode. The method of claim 1,
and the second alignment layer is between the first alignment layer and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. delete The method of claim 1,
In the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and the guest host liquid crystal layer, no voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes, or a difference between a first voltage applied to the first electrode and a second voltage applied to the second electrode When is less than the first reference voltage, the light control device is implemented in a transparent mode that transmits the incident light. The method of claim 1,
When no voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes or a difference between the first voltage applied to the first electrode and the second voltage applied to the second electrode is less than a first reference voltage, the first liquid crystals , the second liquid crystals, and the dichroic dyes are arranged in a vertical direction. The method of claim 1,
The polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and the guest host liquid crystal layer block incident light when a difference between a first voltage applied to the first electrode and a second voltage applied to the second electrode is greater than a second reference voltage. A light control device implemented in a light blocking mode. The method of claim 1,
When a difference between the first voltage applied to the first electrode and the second voltage applied to the second electrode is greater than a second reference voltage, the first liquid crystals, the second liquid crystals, and the dichroic dye are horizontally A light control device arranged in a direction. The method of claim 1,
a first refractive index matching layer on the opposite surface of one surface of the first substrate having the first electrode and having a refractive index between the refractive index of the first substrate and the refractive index of air; and
and a second refractive index matching layer on a surface opposite to the one surface of the second substrate on which the second electrode is located, the second refractive index matching layer having a refractive index between the refractive index of the second substrate and the refractive index of the air. The method of claim 1,
a first refractive index matching layer between the first substrate and the first electrode and having a refractive index between the refractive index of the first substrate and the refractive index of the first electrode; and
and a second refractive index matching layer between the second substrate and the second electrode, the second refractive index matching layer having a refractive index between the refractive index of the second substrate and the refractive index of the second electrode. The method of claim 1,
a first refractive index matching layer between the first electrode and the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and having a refractive index between the refractive index of the first electrode and the refractive index of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer; and
and a second refractive index matching layer provided between the second electrode and the guest host liquid crystal layer and having a refractive index between the refractive index of the second electrode and the refractive index of the guest host liquid crystal layer. a transparent display panel including a transmissive area and a light-emitting area, wherein pixels for displaying an image are provided in the light-emitting area; and
and a light control device on one surface of the transparent display panel,
The light control device,
a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other;
a first electrode on the first substrate;
a second electrode on the second substrate;
a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and having droplets having first liquid crystals, and a barrier rib having second liquid crystals, dichroic dyes and dams; a plurality of liquid crystal layers including one guest host liquid crystal layer;
a first alignment layer on the barrier rib;
A second alignment layer having an adhesive material,
A plurality of liquid crystal regions including the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dyes are provided between the dams;
The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are adhered on the dams to arrange the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dyes in one direction,
The plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a transparent mode that transmits incident light when no voltage is applied, and is implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks incident light when a voltage is applied,
In a display mode in which the pixels display an image, the plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a light blocking mode to block incident light, and in a non-display mode in which the pixels do not display an image, the plurality of liquid crystal layers are formed in A transparent display device that is implemented in a transparent mode that transmits light or a light-shielding mode that blocks incident light. delete 15. The method of claim 14,
The first liquid crystals, the second liquid crystals, and the dichroic dyes are arranged in a vertical direction when the voltage is not applied and are arranged in a horizontal direction when the voltage is applied. delete 15. The method of claim 14,
and the dams of the barrier rib are in the light emitting area. 15. The method of claim 14,
A ratio of the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dye between the plurality of liquid crystal regions has a difference of less than 1%. a transparent display panel including a lower substrate and an upper substrate; and
and a light control device under the lower substrate or on the upper substrate of the transparent display panel,
The light control device,
a first electrode on the first substrate;
a second electrode on the lower substrate or the upper substrate; and
A polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, including liquid crystals having first liquid crystals, and a barrier rib having second liquid crystals, dichroic dyes and dams. a plurality of liquid crystal layers including a guest host liquid crystal layer;
a first alignment layer on the barrier rib;
A second alignment layer having an adhesive material,
A plurality of liquid crystal regions including the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dyes are provided between the dams;
The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are adhered on the dams to arrange the second liquid crystals and the dichroic dyes in one direction,
The plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a transparent mode that transmits incident light when no voltage is applied, and is implemented in a light-shielding mode that blocks incident light when a voltage is applied, and the transparent display panel displays an image. In the display mode, the plurality of liquid crystal layers are implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks incident light, and in a non-display mode in which the transparent display panel does not display an image, the plurality of liquid crystal layers transmit incident light in a transparent mode Or, a transparent display device implemented in a light blocking mode that blocks incident light.

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