KR102059308B1 - Automatic production system of syngas and hydrogen from combustible waste and steam using plasma - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an automation equipment and method for producing syngas and hydrogen from combustible waste and vapor, and more specifically, to an automation equipment and method for producing syngas and hydrogen by decomposing combustible waste and vapor into a gas atom at a high temperature of a plasma torch and recombining the same. The purpose of the present invention is to secure economic feasibility of combustible waste gasification in order to realize production of eco-friendly gas energy and industrialization thereof. To this end, the present invention uses a three-stage gasification reactor in which inflow of air is blocked, supplies oxygen and hydrogen required for gas synthesis by thermally decomposing vapor, automatically controls a production process, and does not have air discharge facilities such as a chimney or the like. The syngas may be used as fuel of a gas turbine generator or as a substitute fuel for LNG (city gas), and hydrogen may be used as fuel of a hydrogen vehicle charging station or hydrogen fuel cell power plant.

Description

Automatic production system of syngas and hydrogen from combustible waste and steam using plasma}

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing syngas and hydrogen, and more particularly, to pyrolyzing organic matter in a solid or liquid state into gas molecules in a gasification reactor in which atmospheric inflow is blocked, and to convert water vapor into a plasma flame. It is a parallel process of combustible waste treatment and gas energy production that pyrolyzes to high temperature to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and is used in subsequent chemical reactions to produce syngas and hydrogen.

Modern society uses all forms of energy in all fields. Among them, fossil fuel is the most used as energy source, and therefore, many problems have been derived due to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to solve these problems, international agreements have led to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. One such effort is the development of new policies and technology development on renewable energy in many countries.

Typical energy recovery methods using combustible wastes are carried out by incineration to obtain thermal energy. However, due to the fundamental problems of incineration, large amount of air input and low incineration temperature (800 ~ 1,000 degrees Celsius), social problems are derived from the emission of dust and air pollutants. I am in trouble. Incineration is not an environmentally friendly method, but there is no alternative in terms of waste management and disposal.

Syngas is mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and is used as a raw material for various chemical products such as ammonia (NH ₃ ), methanol (CH ₃ OH), ethanol (C ₂ H ₆ O) or as an environmentally friendly fuel. Syngas is generally produced by reforming natural gas, but according to the development of modern technology, a method of producing syngas by decomposing flammable waste has been developed as a method of combustible waste resource recycling.

Hydrogen, which is one of the fields of renewable energy, is produced by electrolysis or pyrolysis of water. However, it is not economically available and is produced by reforming fossil fuels such as natural gas. .

Natural gas reforming to produce hydrogen consists of steam reaction at natural temperatures of about 1,000 degrees Celsius. The resulting chemical transformation is generally as follows.

CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2

CH4 + 2H2O = CO2 + 4H2

The method of using flammable waste as a raw material for hydrogen production is to decompose flammable waste into gas atoms through pyrolysis and gasification process at a high temperature of about 600 to 2,000 degrees Celsius and react with hot steam. Hydrogen decomposed in flammable waste is discharged without subsequent reaction. The main chemical transformations are as follows.

C + H2O = CO + H2

H2 = H2

The chemical conversions that produce hydrogen from natural gas and flammable waste are similar. A method of thermally decomposing a composite material of carbon and hydrogen, replacing it in an atomic state, and then combining carbon and oxygen and extracting hydrogen, a method of producing hydrogen from flammable waste material is economical and contributes to the energyization of waste resources. It is thought to be.

Due to the lack of eco-friendly and economical flammable waste recycling technology, hundreds of thousands of tons of wastes are illegally left across the country. .

In the process of energizing the combustible wastes generated in our industrial activities and daily life, the objective is to produce eco-friendly gas energy without the release of fine dust and pollutants as an alternative to combustible waste incineration.

In particular, by replacing the natural gas in the production of hydrogen, by securing a method of mass production of hydrogen by using combustible waste and water vapor, which are unused resources, as raw materials, the economic efficiency of hydrogen energy is improved.

The gasification of combustible waste uses a very simple natural phenomenon in academic terms, and there is no logical obstacle. However, industrialization can be economically achieved by solving the following tasks.

In the paper or patent document on waste gasification, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc. are introduced into the gasification reactor to induce the production of syngas. The purpose of the gas or water vapor introduced into the gasification reactor is to supply oxygen to replace the carbon atoms decomposed in the combustible waste with carbon monoxide. When oxygen is introduced into the gasification reactor, the total amount of energy introduced into the gasification process is very small, about 30% of the input of other gases or steam. This is because they do not need the energy needed to decompose and replace water vapor or carbon dioxide with oxygen. However, in gasification facilities such as laboratories and laboratories, oxygen can be injected.However, in commercialization facilities with daily throughput ranging from tens of tons to hundreds of tons, the method of economically supplying oxygen, which requires an average of 300kg per ton of flammable waste, is currently possible It is difficult to execute. Water vapor (water) is a compound of oxygen and hydrogen that can be economically transported, stored, and supplied. A large amount of oxygen and hydrogen can be obtained through pyrolysis, but there is no industrial economy with the current technology.

It is known that water vapor decomposes to oxygen and hydrogen atoms at about 2,200 to 3%, and at least 3,000 to 50%. Although some of the water vapor injected into the gasification reactor is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen by exothermic chemical reaction, the steam pyrolysis efficiency is 50% even if the internal temperature of the gasification reactor is maintained at 3,000 degrees Celsius in order to obtain all the oxygen required to form carbon monoxide. It is enough. Maintaining an internal temperature of 3,000 degrees Celsius in a hundreds of tonnes processing scale cannot be realized considering the gasification reactor material, lifetime and economy.

In the most important oxygen supply in waste gasification, when the atmosphere is supplied, nitrogen oxides are generated and the calories are lowered due to the nitrogen contained in the syngas, and when the oxygen is added, it is not economical, and when steam is introduced, the temperature is 3,000 degrees Celsius. The challenge is the need for a hot gasification reactor. Although there are many inventions and papers around the world regarding gasification facilities and methods of combustible waste, the reason for the small number of successful industrialization is considered to have overlooked the obstacles according to the implementation of the invention as described above.

 The combustible waste gasification system generally consists of one gasification reactor, and drying, pyrolysis and gasification reactions occur depending on the temperature inside the gasification reactor. The problem with a gasification system consisting of one gasification reactor is that all chemical reactions occur continuously in the same space, and unresolved substances are mixed with syngas at a relatively low discharge temperature. Syngas cannot be used as an alternative fuel for natural gas, and thus requires a costly aftertreatment and purification facility, thereby lowering economic efficiency. In addition, there is a disadvantage that a lot of energy input to a relatively large gasification reactor. It is necessary to grasp the minimum energy required for the operation of the gasification reactor and to control the temperature in real time to secure the economics of the operation of the gasification reactor.

A barrier to flammable waste is the variety and composition of the combustible waste. Average value (Calorific Value) is 10 ~ 14MJ / kg for general household waste and 3 ~ 4 times difference for PVC for 41MJ / kg, and carbon content varies according to the type of waste. When operating the gasification reactor by ignoring these variables and setting the best average value, the injected waste is burned, gasified and extinguished, but the produced syngas is not utilized. Syngas production is mainly carried out in gasification reactors for waste reduction and extinction purposes, not for the purpose.

The above obstacles and problems in gasifying flammable waste to produce high purity gas energy have been a negative factor in the spread of the gasification system of flammable waste.

The present invention solves the above problems by using the means, method and computer program described below in the process of gasifying flammable wastes without the release of fine dust and pollutants.

-Gasification reactor with inflow of air

-3-stage gasification reactor

-Supply of oxygen and hydrogen by steam pyrolysis using plasma torch

-Pyrolysis of combustible wastes with energy input for steam pyrolysis

-Automatic control of production process using sensors and computer programs

The gasification reactor module according to the present invention was composed of three gasification reactors and the inflow of the gasification reactor to the atmosphere (air) was blocked. When the inflow of the air is blocked, the source of nitrogen oxides and fine dust generated due to nitrogen in the atmosphere is fundamentally eliminated, and the production of syngas to prevent nitrogen from being included, and an air discharge facility such as a chimney is required. none.

Three-stage gasification reactor that optimizes the size and operating temperature of each gasification reactor in accordance with three stages of gasification process (drying and pyrolysis, gasification, gas purification), and minimizes input energy by reusing thermal energy generated in gasification reactor. Use the method.

In addition, the three-stage gasification reaction is formed of a structure in which undecomposed substances such as tar and dioxins cannot be mixed with the syngas discharged, thereby producing high quality gas energy.

Oxygen and hydrogen for syngas formation are supplied in two ways in the form of water vapor through a plasma torch. By controlling the amount of steam supplied, it is possible to produce syngas having various component ratios.

In the first method, the water vapor supplied to the plasma forming gas is discharged through the ionization process to form a plasma flame and pyrolyze into hydrogen and oxygen. The amount of water vapor used as the plasma forming gas may be reduced, but since the plasma forming gas needs to be ionized, the plasma forming gas has a limit according to the design of the plasma torch.

The second way to supply a larger amount of water vapor than this limit is to eject water vapor in the form of a vortex that surrounds the outside of the plasma flame. In steam pyrolysis requiring a high temperature of 3,000 degrees Celsius or more, steam supplied in a vortex form outside the plasma flame of 5,000 to 15,000 degrees Celsius increases the time to be exposed to high temperatures, thereby improving pyrolysis efficiency. In addition, such vapor ejection forms exclude interference with plasma flame formation.

The generated oxygen, hydrogen, and non-pyrolyzed water vapor are diffused into the gasification reactor with a gas having high enthalpy to improve the efficiency of the gasification reactor.

In the gasification process, various chemical reactions occur as natural phenomena, but the chemical reaction controlled through the present invention is a carbon monoxide formation reaction generated by the combination of carbon and oxygen. The average composition of combustible waste shows that carbon is about 30% more than oxygen. Thus, by supplying oxygen in the above two methods to maintain a molar ratio of carbon and oxygen of 1: 1 to induce the combination of carbon monoxide, hydrogen produced in the oxygen supply process is mixed to produce syngas (Syngas).

 In the present invention, the apparatus according to the present invention is automatically controlled by using a remote control unit comprising a computer program based on artificial intelligence and a computer numerical control device.

The remote control unit collects and analyzes data of the temperature, gas component ratio, and pressure inside the gasification reactor, which changes from time to time, in real time through a sensor, and adjusts the devices corresponding to the data through a computer numerical control device in real time. As a simple example of the corresponding control, if there is more carbon in the gasification reactor than oxygen, the amount of water vapor injected into the plasma torch is increased to maintain the molar ratio of carbon to oxygen at 1: 1.

The remote control unit collects and analyzes the digital data of the measuring sensors installed in the gasification reactor, and then controls the flammable waste supply device, the plasma torch and the syngas discharge device in real time, and confirms the result of the control with the data of the gas analyzer. It is used as input data for the subsequent control process. By continuously performing the above process, the collected data is modeled and stored in memory and used as data for self-learning, so that the remote controller actively controls the devices to maintain the optimal operating state.

Problems caused by variations in carbon content ratio and energy value of flammable wastes are also solved by active control of steam, combustible waste input and internal temperature supplied to the gasification reactor.

Actively cope with all processes from inputting flammable waste to separation and extraction of hydrogen produced by remote control unit, minimizing energy input to high-purity hydrogen and syngas production process while minimizing energy input to flammable waste Replace with (Syngas).

The present invention relates to an automated method, apparatus, and implementation computer program for pyrolyzing flammable waste and water vapor to replace it with gas energy, thereby directly treating flammable waste without the release of fine dust and pollutants. As a result, it can contribute to reducing social loss due to environmental pollution, and will have a positive effect on resolving social conflicts caused by incineration.

In addition, since the production of hydrogen and syngas using the combustible waste including plastic waste, which has a lot of problems in the current management and processing, as a raw material, the import substitution effect of LNG power plant and natural gas used for hydrogen production It also helps Korea's energy independence.

According to the Ministry of Environment's 2017 waste statistics, 26,290 tons of flammable waste was treated by incineration a day. The economic value of incinerated combustible waste is simply 26,290 MWh per day as a means of producing power. In the power produced through the present invention, the surplus power after self consumption is on average 1 MWh per tonne of combustible waste. In addition, 32,524 tons of waste are buried a day, although there are no statistics on the combustible waste contained therein, but the landfill composition shows a large amount of combustible waste.

1 is a block diagram showing the configuration and connection of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the screw conveyor for conveying combustible combustible waste in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the air inflow prevention switch to prevent the inflow of the atmosphere into the gasification reaction when the crushed waste is added according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view of a gasification reactor module consisting of three gasification reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration in which a pyrolysis steam discharger for oxygen and hydrogen production is formed in a DC plasma torch according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen separator for separating and extracting hydrogen from syngas according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a cross-sectional view showing the steam induction rigidity in the pyrolysis steam discharger formed in the DC plasma torch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 8 is an internal perspective view showing the steam induction rigidity of the pyrolysis steam discharger formed in the DC plasma torch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the air inflow prevention infectious switch to prevent the inflow of the atmosphere into the gasification reaction when the injection of infectious waste sealed and transported, such as medical waste in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

(Example 1, General Flammable Waste)

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Detailed descriptions of related well-known techniques or devices have been omitted while describing the present invention. In addition, terms used in the description of the present invention may be interpreted differently according to the intention or custom of the descriptor, and the definition of the terms should be made based on the contents to be described herein.

The configuration shown in the drawings for describing the specific embodiments of the invention does not represent all the technical ideas of the present invention as an example of the expression of the present invention , other examples for carrying out the invention does not depart from the technical spirit of the present invention. It should be interpreted that it can be configured differently within the scope.

Figure 1 shows the configuration of the device according to the invention, under the control of the remote control unit ( 9 in FIG. 1 ) as the combustible waste is moved along the devices are replaced with syngas (Syngas) and hydrogen is separated from the Syngas (Syngas) A block diagram is discharged.

When the remote control unit ( 9 in FIG. 1 ) sends a combustible waste input signal, the grinder ( 1 in FIG. 1 ) grinds and mixes the solid combustible waste into a size of 20 to 50 mm. Screw conveyor ( 2 in Figure 1) is a combustible waste to prevent the air inlet switch ( 3 in Figure 1 ) Through the gasification reactor module ( 4 in Figure 1 ) through. Crushed combustible wastes increase the gasification efficiency by increasing the surface area, and combustible wastes of various components have more uniform energy through the mixing process.

3 is a cross-sectional view of the air inflow prevention switch 300 in the open state body 301 , the cylindrical opening and closing control unit 302 with a cylindrical hole in the horizontal direction at the bottom , hydraulic cylinder module 303 , waste discharge Valve ( 308 ) It is configured as shown in FIG.

Steam supply to the upper and lower outer wall is connected to the steam generator (5 in Fig. 1) is opened and closed by supplying steam control unit 302 in the inner body portion 301 of the body portion 301 (304.a, 304.b) Is mounted so that water vapor is continuously supplied to the open / close control unit 302 .

Hydraulic cylinder module 303 receives the input signal The opening and closing control unit 302 is rotated 90 degrees to make the inflow preventing switch 300 open. Open state, the open space formed in the opening and closing control unit 302 307 screw conveyor moves the space portion which is formed on the (200 in Fig. 2) (201 in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 401 to the gasification reaction. The open steam supply pipe 305.a communicating with the reaction space portion ( 414.a of FIG. 4 ) formed in a ) and formed inside the water vapor supplyers 304.a and 304.b and the open / close control unit 302 . , 305.b ) Open and close control unit in communication ( 302 ) The high pressure water vapor is injected into the open space part 307 formed at the bottom.

The remote control unit ( 9 in FIG. 1 ) obtains the internal pressure of the gasification reactor, which changes from time to time, through a pressure sensor ( 406 in FIG. 4 ), and supplies water vapor of a corresponding pressure.

The high pressure steam forms a water vapor air curtain in the open space portion 307 , while some water vapor flows into the reaction space portion ( 414.a in FIG. 4 ), and part of the air in the moving space portion ( 201 in FIG. 2 ). It is pushed out and discharged to the outside. Continuous high pressure steam discharge blocks the air inlet. The combustible waste is injected into the reaction space part ( 414.a of FIG. 4 ) by the rotational force of the screw conveyor ( 200 of FIG. 2 ). Flammable waste in liquid form is introduced into the reaction chamber portion (414.a of Figure 4) through the liquid waste inlet (409 in Fig. 4).

Operation of the grinder ( 1 of FIG. 1 ) and the screw conveyor ( 200 of FIG. 2 ) is stopped by the closing stop signal of the remote control unit ( 9 of FIG. 1 ), and the opening / closing control unit 302 is controlled by the hydraulic cylinder module 303 . As the reverse rotation, the air inlet prevention switch 300 is closed. Accordingly, the open space portion 307 formed at right angles to the rotation axis of the open / close control unit 302 is in a closed state so that communication between the moving space portion 201 of FIG. 2 and the reaction space portion 414.a of FIG. 4 is blocked. do. Steam supply ( 304.a, 304.b ) Open steam supply pipes ( 305.a, 305.b ) and It is blocked and communicated with the condensed steam supply pipes 306a and 306b to eject a small amount of steam.

The condensed steam supply pipes 306a and 306b The opening and closing control unit 302 is engraved in the form of a ring on the top and bottom of the outer wall, the water vapor ejected to the opening and closing control unit 302 The ring of water vapor is formed on the outer wall, and the body part 301 and the opening and closing control part 302 The opening and closing control unit 302 prevents the inflow of air by making a film of water vapor in a fine space between It acts as a lubricant for rotation.

Condensed water, waste, and the like, which may accumulate inside the body 301 , are discharged to the outside through the waste discharge valve 308 as needed. Of a stationary screw conveyor ( 200 in FIG. 2 ) The moving space portion 201 formed therein is limited inflow of the atmosphere in the state of being blocked by the combustible combustible waste.

All components of the air inlet / exit switch 300 are made of metal so that combustible wastes pulverized in a high temperature environment of 600 degrees Celsius or higher are introduced into the first reaction space part ( 414.a of FIG. 4 ) without inflow of air. As a result of this process, nitrogen is contained in the generated nitrogen oxides and the syngas produced due to nitrogen in the atmosphere at the source.

4 is a cross-sectional view of a gasification reactor module 400 in which a chemical reaction in which combustible waste is converted to syngas. Gasification reactor module 400 is composed of three gasification reactor ( 401.a, 401.b, 401.c ).

In the gasification reactor module 400 , the injected waste is decomposed into gas through drying, pyrolysis, gasification and partial combustion, and then purified. Operation conditions such as temperature, pressure, combustible waste input amount, oxygen and hydrogen supply amount, syngas discharge amount, and hydrogen extraction amount inside the gasification reactor are automatically controlled by the remote control unit ( 9 in FIG. 1 ).

Of the first gasification reactor ( 401.a ) into which combustible waste is introduced. The heat source is a syngas of 2,000 degrees Celsius discharged from the third gasification reactor ( 401.c ), and the reaction space portion ( 414.a ) The temperature is maintained at more than 600 degrees Celsius, so that the drying and pyrolysis reactions of combustible wastes introduced in an oxygen-free environment without oxygen supply occur mainly.

Gas generated in the first reaction space portion (414.a) is via a connection pipe (407.a) of the reactor as the second gasification reaction (401.b) It is moved to the reaction space ( 414.b ). Combustible wastes that have not been fully gasified in the first reaction space section 414.a are pushed by the combustible wastes introduced in the subsequent waste input process, and the second gasification reactor 401.b through the reactor connection pipe 407.a. Gasification falls into the reaction space portion ( 414.b ).

The second gasification reactor ( 401.b ) Heat, oxygen, and hydrogen are supplied from the plasma torch 402.a and the average temperature of the reaction space 414.b is maintained at 1,500 degrees Celsius. Incomplete Combustion and Gasification reactions turn organic matter into gas, and inorganic matter such as glass metal melts and collects at the bottom of the second reaction space part ( 414.b ), thereby reacting to the reaction space part ( 414.b). It serves as a heat reservoir to maintain the internal temperature of. The accumulated melt is discharged through the melt discharge valve 410 .

Carbon monoxide is produced by chemical bonding of carbon decomposed from combustible waste with oxygen and oxygen produced by pyrolysis of water vapor supplied from a plasma torch ( 402.a ). Hydrogen is produced by the pyrolysis of flammable waste and water vapor.

The introduced steam is supplied in two ways, the first of which is supplied to the plasma forming gas through the ion steam supply pipe 502 and the second of which is supplied through the pyrolysis steam control valve 510 . The supplied steam is thermally decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen, and is used to maintain a molar ratio of carbon and oxygen in the reaction space portion 414.b 1: 1.

C + O2 = CO2

C + O = CO;

When oxygen is supplied excessively as shown in the above chemical equation, carbon dioxide (CO2) is generated instead of carbon monoxide (CO), so supplying an appropriate amount of oxygen is a very important factor in syngas production of high purity.

The remote control unit ( 9 in FIG. 1 ) analyzes the gas component ratio data of the gas analyzer 405.b , injects combustible waste if carbon is required, and calculates the amount of oxygen required for additional supply if oxygen is required. It is supplied in the form of water vapor through the plasma torch ( 402.a ), the temperature sensor ( 404.b ), gas analyzer ( 405.b ), The data of the pressure sensor 406 and the result of syngas production according to the input amount of steam are checked through the data of the gas analyzer 405.a to control the process.

The second reaction in the third gasification synthesis gas (Syngas) generated in the space portion (414.b) is via a connection pipe (407.b) in reaction (401.c) Flow into the reaction space 414.c. The third gasification reactor ( 401.c ) Heat, oxygen and hydrogen are supplied from the plasma torch ( 402.b ) and the reaction space portion ( 414.c ) is The average is maintained at 2,000 degrees Celsius.

Reactor reactor pipe (Syngas) is introduced (407.b) Around the plasma torch (402.a, 402.b)Wow In the short distance, relatively high temperature is formed, and the third gasification reactor (401.c) Is a structurally introduced synthetic gas (Syngas) is a plasma torch (402.bIt is supposed to pass around a plasma flame of 5,000 to 15,000 degrees Celsius formed in Accordingly, reactor tube (407.b)of through Third reaction space part (414.cPresent in the syngas introduced into Number Contaminants such as tar, dioxins, and furans are completely decomposed to purify syngas. Third gasification reactor (401.cWastes that may be generated from the waste discharge valve are411)Emitted through.

At this time, the ID of the remote control unit (9 in Fig. 1) has two pressure sensor 406, and performed in an automatic control process for the second three Gasification (401.c) made in a second gasification reaction (401.b) and Syngas is discharged by operating the syngas transmitter 408 based on the data of the gas analyzer 405.a. The discharged syngas at 2,000 degrees Celsius passes through a space formed between the inner wall 412 and the outer wall 413 of the first gasification reactor 401.a through a reactor tube 407.c. While indirect heating to the first reaction space ( 414.a ) Heat the flammable waste located and steam generator along the syngas discharge pipe 403 ( Fig. 5 ) It is discharged to and used as a heat source to make steam. The temperature of the final synthesis gas (Syngas) discharged as is confirmed by a temperature sensor (404.a), three data inputs of the flammable waste and a temperature sensor (404.c) mounted on a second gasification reaction (401.c) Maintain the temperature through.

By indirect heating method as described above, the three part of the energy used in a second gasification reaction (401.c) is located in the first gasification reaction (401.a) It is used for drying and pyrolysis of flammable wastes.

The energy input to pyrolysis of water vapor and the energy generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen generated by pyrolysis are almost the same, but steam pyrolysis is not economical, but in the present invention, steam pyrolysis and gasification of flammable waste are performed simultaneously. The energy put into the pyrolysis of is used as the pyrolysis energy of the combustible waste, thereby maximizing the thermal efficiency.

In general, the composition ratio of flammable waste contains about 30% more carbon than oxygen. On average, 1 kg of combustible household waste contains 500 g of carbon (C), 350 g of oxygen (O), and 80 g of hydrogen (H), which is converted into mol;

Carbon 500 g ÷ 12 g = 41.6 mol

Oxygen (O) 350g ÷ 16g = 21.8 mol

Hydrogen (H) 80g ÷ 1g = 80 moles.

Carbon (C) + Oxygen (O) = Carbon Monoxide (CO) As shown in the equation, the molar ratio of carbon and oxygen for carbon monoxide bonding is 1: 1. In order to replace 41.6 mol of carbon contained in 1 kg of the combustible waste with carbon monoxide, 41.6 mol of an oxygen atom is required. Since 21.8 moles of oxygen atoms were produced in the combustible waste, additional oxygen atoms needed were 41.6-21.8 = 19.8 moles. Since 1 mol (Mol) of water vapor (H 2 O) is composed of 2 mol of hydrogen atoms and 1 mol of oxygen atoms, 40 mol of hydrogen atoms are generated while pyrolyzing 20 mol of steam (H 2 O) to supply 20 mol of oxygen atoms.

The total combustion calorific value of the syngas produced from 1 kg of flammable waste and 360 mL of water is as follows.

Carbon monoxide, CO (g) + 1 / 2O 2 (g) → CO 2 (g), △ H = - 283.0 kJ,

                      283.0 kJ * 41.6 mol = 11,772.8 kJ

Hydrogen, H2 (g) + 1 / 2O 2 (g) → H 2 O (l), △ H = - 286.0 kJ

                      286.0 kJ * 60 moles = 17,040 kJ

In the process of pyrolysis of water vapor to supply oxygen, hydrogen is additionally produced, and in general, the molar ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen in syngas produced from combustible waste is about 3: 2, but the syngas according to the present invention Syngas's ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen is about 2: 3 to maximize hydrogen production.

The above process is summarized in Table 1 below.

Remarks

Carbon (C)
Oxygen (O)
Hydrogen (H) Flammable waste 1Kg
(Component ratio according to weight) 500 g 350 g 80 g Flammable waste 1Kg
(Component ratio per mole) 41.6 mall 21.8 mall 80 moles 20 moles of water vapor
(Oxygen, hydrogen generation) 20 mall 40 moles Combustible Waste 1Kg + Water 20 Moles
(Component ratio per mole) 41.6 mall 41.8 mall 120 moles Syngas produced
(Moles per component) 41.6 mol of carbon monoxide 60 moles of hydrogen Syngas
(Complete burn calorific value by component) 11.8 MJ 17.0 MJ

Under "DETAILED GASIFICATION CHEMISTRY" was quoted in the US Department of Energy's National Institute "National Energy Technology Laboratory" website.

(https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/coal/energy-systems/

gasification / gasifipedia / ga sification-chemistry)

DETAILED GASIFICATION CHEMISTRY

Within the gasification reactor, a wide variety of chemical reactions proceed in various directions depending on the components of the injected material and the reactor temperature and pressure. In the gasification process with limited oxygen input, the heat generated by the 'partial oxidation' provides most of the energy needed to induce an endothermic reaction of gasification. The main chemical reactions in gasification reactors are carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and methane.

Combustion reaction:

1.C + ½ O2 → CO ( -111 MJ / kmol )

2.CO + ½ O2 → CO2      (-283 MJ / kmol)

3.H2 + ½ O2 → H2O ( -242 MJ / kmol )

Heterogeneous reaction;

4.C + H2O ↔CO + H2 ( +131 MJ / kmol ), Water-Gas Reaction

5. C + CO2 ↔ 2CO ( +172 MJ / kmol ), Boudouard  Reaction

6. C + 2H2  ↔ CH4 ( -75 MJ / kmol ), Methanation  Reaction

Homogeneous reaction;

7.CO + H2O ↔CO2 + H2 ( -41 MJ / kmol ), Water-Gas-Shift Reaction

8.CH4 + H2O ↔CO2 + 3H2 ( + 206MJ Of kmol ), Steam-Methane-Reforming Reaction

In particular, in the second reaction space portion 414.b , the combustion reaction and heterogeneous reaction or homogeneous reaction are continuously performed, and the amount of energy of the endothermic reaction and the exothermic reaction is similar. In order for the reaction to occur, the solid and liquid combustible wastes are replaced with gas, and the energy required for dissociation of gas molecules and maintaining the temperature of the gasification reactor must be supplied from the outside. Externally supplied energy is supplied to the plasma torch with an average power of 2.7 kWh for 1 kg of combustible waste.

Synthetic gas (28.8 MJ) produced from 1 kg of flammable waste and 360 mL of water produced 4 kWh of electricity using a 50% generation efficiency and consumed 2.7 kWh of electricity. There are variables such as the composition and moisture content of the combustible waste input, but an average of 1MWh of electricity is produced from 1 ton of combustible waste.

DC arc plasma torch ( 500 ) for explaining the details of the practice of the present invention A body portion 501, where the cathode unit 503, the power source of the negative electrode is supplied, an anode unit 504 which is the power supply of the positive electrode, the ionized plasma gas is discharged cooling unit 505, and supplies the cooling water constituting a mold clamping Cooling water inlet ( 507 ) , the cooling water outlet ( 506 ) for discharging the heated coolant , the pyrolysis steam discharger ( 508 ) of the type surrounding the outside of the cooling unit ( 505 ) and Pyrolysis steam control valve ( 510 ) for controlling the amount of water vapor supplied in connection with the steam generator ( 5 of Figure 1 ) , in communication with it A pyrolysis steam supply pipe 509 for supplying steam to the pyrolysis steam discharger 508 is provided as shown in FIG. 5.

Plasma formation method and principle, and the type of plasma torch according to the known and widely used, detailed description thereof has been omitted. From the plasma torch ( 402.a , 402.b ) through the ion steam supply pipe ( 502 ) The supplied water vapor is ionized and discharged from the plasma forming unit 511 to form a plasma flame of 5,000 to 15,000 degrees Celsius in the plasma flame forming unit 512 . Water vapor that is ionized and discharged is pyrolyzed and supplied to the reaction space portions 414.b and 414.c as oxygen and hydrogen . The amount of water vapor to be ionized can be added or subtracted as needed, but there is a limit to the plasma torch design.

Accordingly, the water vapor exceeding the limit value is introduced into the pyrolysis steam supply pipe 509 through the pyrolysis steam control valve 510 and then through the pyrolysis steam discharger 508 . The plasma flame forming unit 512 is supplied and discharged. The steam induction steel wire 701 is engraved in a spiral shape inside the pyrolysis steam discharger 508 , so that the water vapor is discharged in a vortex form surrounding the outside of the plasma flame while moving along the steam induction steel wire 701 . The time of exposure is increased. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the pyrolytic steam discharger 508 , and FIG . 8 illustrates the formation of a steam induction steel wire 701 in an internal perspective view of the pyrolytic steam discharger 508 .

The above water vapor discharge mode excludes interference in the flame formation of the plasma gas which is ionized and discharged. Discharged water vapor is thermally decomposed at a high temperature of the plasma flame, the oxygen and hydrogen to the reaction chamber portion (414.b, 414.c).

It has been described as a direct current arc plasma torch to illustrate the practice of the present invention, but is not limited thereto and can be described regardless of the type of plasma torch such as microwave, RF, alternating plasma torch.

6 is 6 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen separator ( 600 of FIG. 6 ) for separating and extracting hydrogen mixed in syngas. The upper portion of the body portion 601 is a hydrogen discharge pipe 603 and the hydrogen transmitter 604 mounted thereon, the lower portion of the body portion 601 is a syngas delivery tube 605 and a synthesis gas transmitter 606 mounted thereto. Formed.

Syngas cooled by passing through the steam generator ( 5 of FIG. 1 ) is introduced through the inlet pipe 602 . Separation space portion 607 formed inside the hydrogen separator 600 Inflow. Since hydrogen is the lightest molecule and has a high diffusion speed, the hydrogen is rapidly moved to the upper portion of the separation space 607 .

50% of hydrogen contained in an average of about 60% of the syngas flowing into the hydrogen separator 600 is separated and discharged, and the remaining 50% remains as a constituent of the syngas.

The remote control unit 9 is a gas analyzer 405.a , the syngas transmitter 408 Based on the inflow amount of syngas and hydrogen introduced into the hydrogen separator 600 through the data and the emissions of the hydrogen transmitter 604 and the syngas transmitter 606, the upper portion of the separation space 607 is collected. Separating space part 607 by setting 50% of hydrogen as a one-time discharge and operating the hydrogen discharger ( 604 ). After discharging the upper hydrogen through the hydrogen discharge pipe 603 to the hydrogen storage tank ( 7 of FIG. 1 ), the syngas transmitter 606 is operated to separate the space portion 607 . Syngas below is discharged as much as one time discharge into the synthesis gas storage tank ( 8 of FIG. 1 ) through the synthesis gas delivery pipe 605 .

Separated space part ( 607 ) Only 50% of the hydrogen trapped at the top is sent to the hydrogen discharge pipe 603 mounted at the top, thereby preventing the gas of different components from being mixed with the discharged hydrogen.

Since the separated discharge of hydrogen is calculated based on the amount of gas flow, an error occurs due to the change in gas density and the diffusion of gas according to temperature, and the error is determined by the hydrogen separator ( 600 ). Increase in proportion to operating hours. As a solution for this error, the remote control unit 9 The data on the syngas and hydrogen stored in the memory while all the gas in the separation space 607 is sent to the syngas storage tank ( 8 in FIG. 1 ) by setting the software reset time and the predetermined time . Reset the hydrogen and start hydrogen separation discharge again. The hydrogen content of the syngas stored in the syngas storage tank ( 8 of FIG. 1 ) may be adjusted according to the intended use through the interval of reset time.

Gases of the hydrogen storage tank ( 7 of FIG. 1 ) and the syngas storage tank ( 8 of FIG. 1 ) are consumed in real time through a process depending on the purpose of use.

In performing the production process of syngas and hydrogen according to the present invention, the remote control unit 9 By repeatedly performing and learning the following functions, the remote control unit 9 itself controls the production process to automate syngas and hydrogen production.

Maintain the temperature of the gasification reactors ( 401.a, 401.b, 401.c ) using the data from the temperature sensors ( 404.a, 404.b, 404.c ).

-Based on the data of the gas analyzer ( 405.b ), the water vapor supply amount and the combustible waste input amount are calculated and put into the gasification reactor ( 401.b ).

Analyze the data of the gas analyzer 405.a to identify the components of the syngas discharged as a result of the last process in the gasification reactor 401.c and, if necessary, the gasification reactor 401. Adjust the temperature of c ) and the amount of water vapor introduced.

Based on the data of the pressure sensor 406 , the syngas generator 408 is operated to discharge syngas to the steam generator ( 5 of FIG. 1 ).

-The operating conditions of the gasification reactor ( 401.a, 401.b, 401.c ) and the composition ratio of the syngas discharged finally are modeled, stored in memory and used as data for self-learning, Use as input data.

-Determine and separate the discharge amount of hydrogen by storing and using the syngas and the flow amount (inflow, discharge) of hydrogen in the hydrogen separator 600 .

By using the method and equipment as described above, pyrolysis of flammable waste in the gasification reactor that blocks the inflow of the atmosphere, by producing hydrogen while measuring and supplying the oxygen required to form carbon monoxide in real time to produce syngas do.

By utilizing the remote control unit 9 to identify and respond in real time to the minimum energy requirements that change frequently in each gasification process, and minimize the energy input into the gasification process to secure the economics of the gasification reactor operation, the formation of air pollutants To replace the potential energy of combustible waste with high purity gas energy.

As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated through the limited embodiment and drawing, this invention is not limited to this description, and the person of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs described in the technical idea and claim of this invention. Of course, various modifications and variations can be made within the scope of the claims.

(Example 2, infectious waste)

Example 2 is an embodiment of an infectious waste that is transported and disposed of in a sealed state, such as a medical waste. The difference from the above (Example 1, General Flammable Waste) is the method and apparatus for introducing the waste into the gasification reactor without ingress of air. Since the process after the waste input is the same as general combustible waste, the description is omitted.

9 is a cross-sectional view of the anti-air ingress infector switch. The upper portion 907 of the hopper form is formed on the upper portion of the body portion 901 to temporarily store infectious waste to be injected. An upper slider switch 902 and a lower slider switch 905 are installed inside the body 901 to perform an opening and closing function, and an external hydraulic cylinder adjusting unit 904 and a hydraulic cylinder 903 are mounted on the outside as illustrated in FIG. 9 . Consists of.

With the upper slider switch 902 and the lower slider switch 905 closed, the hydraulic cylinder adjusting unit 904 operates the hydraulic cylinder 903.a according to the input command of the remote control unit 9 to connect the upper slider switch. Fully open ( 902 ). Therefore, all infectious wastes in the upper reservoir 907 are located in the sealed intermediate reservoir 908 by centrifugal force in a sealed state.

Subsequently, the remote control unit 9 partially closes the upper slider switch 902 in an open state of 1 cm, and then communicates with a steam generator ( 5 of FIG. 1 ) to the lower steam discharger 912 mounted on the outer wall of the body 901 . By operating the outlet of the internal volume of the intermediate storage unit 908 twice the volume of water to discharge the atmosphere inside the intermediate storage unit 908 to the outside to close the upper slider switch 902 completely.

Thereafter, the lower slider switch 905 connected through the hydraulic cylinder adjusting unit 904 and the hydraulic cylinder 903.b is completely opened to infect infectious waste falling into the lower moving unit 906 under the body portion 901 . 914 is operated to transfer the infectious waste to the reaction space portion 414.a of FIG. 4 in communication with the lower portion 906 . The screw conveyor 914 protects the screw conveyor 914 from the high temperature by the coolant circulation through the coolant inlet 915 and the coolant outlet 913 .

The remote control unit 9 receives the data of the disturbance sensor 911 mounted on the outer wall of the body 901 to confirm the transfer of all infectious waste. After the input of the infectious waste is completed, in the intermediate storage unit 908 , infectious bacteria may be present in addition to water vapor and gasification reaction gas. The next process is a process of injecting high temperature water vapor to discharge the gas located in the intermediate storage 908 to the gasification reactor.

The remote control unit 9 partially closes the lower slider switch 905 in an open state of 0.5 cm, and then communicates with a steam generator ( 5 of FIG. 1 ) to open the upper steam discharger 909 mounted on the outer wall of the body 901 . It is operated to discharge the high temperature and high pressure steam to the intermediate storage ( 908 ). The pressure of the reaction space portion ( 414.a of FIG. 4 ) in communication is obtained through the pressure sensor ( 406 of FIG. 4 ), and the reaction space portion is formed using the pressure sensor 910 mounted on the outer wall of the body portion 901 . ( 414.a of FIG. 4 ) after discharging the water vapor to 150% of the pressure to discharge the gas located in the intermediate storage 908 to the reaction space ( 414.a of FIG. 4 ). Close the lower slider switch 905 completely.

Under the automatic control of the remote control unit 9 as described above, the urea is removed into the gasification reactor while removing urea for infectious waste, and used as a raw material for syngas and hydrogen production.

According to 2017 Ministry of Environment statistics, 26,290 tons / day flammable waste was incinerated at 178 incinerators and 150 private incinerators of local governments. In addition, according to the government's hydrogen economy revitalization roadmap, the government plans to expand the number of hydrogen stations to 310 by 2022 and 1,200 by 2040. The hydrogen supply is expected to be supplied by by-product hydrogen, extractive hydrogen, and hydrolysis. Among them, the extracted hydrogen is mainly produced through the reforming of natural gas, an imported fuel.

The incinerators, which are scattered throughout the country and whose ages are required to be replaced and replaced by the reactors for syngas production, can produce 120 kg of hydrogen from 1 ton of flammable waste and steam. That is enough to charge about 20 hydrogen cars. By utilizing the resource recovery facilities of local governments located in large cities nationwide, it is possible to economically establish hydrogen production facilities and power generation facilities nationwide.

According to the government's roadmap to revitalize the hydrogen economy, 6.20 million hydrogen cars in 2040 can be produced from flammable waste incinerated in 2017.

In addition, small facilities are installed in highway rest areas and military units to produce syngas and hydrogen using waste discharged from the site as raw materials, and hydrogen is used in hydrogen car charging stations and hydrogen fuel cell power plants. Syngas is used as a fuel for cooking and heating, and local production and local consumption of gas energy directly and indirectly benefits society in the same way as on-site consumption of hot water produced incidentally. . In areas without natural gas pipelines, such as island walls, Syngas can be supplied as cooking and heating fuel for the region.

1: Crusher 2: Scour Conveyor 3: Atmospheric Inflow Switch
4: gasification reactor module 5: steam generator 6: hydrogen separator
7: Hydrogen storage tank 8: Syngas storage tank 9: Remote control unit
200: screw conveyor 201: moving space part
300: air inflow prevention switch
301: body portion 302: opening and closing control unit
303: hydraulic cylinder module 304: steam supply
305: open steam supply pipe 306: stored steam supply pipe
307: open space portion 308: waste discharge valve
400: gasification reactor module
401: gasification reactor 402: plasma torch
403: syngas delivery pipe 404: temperature sensor
405: gas analyzer 406: pressure sensor
407: reactor connection 408: syngas blower
409: liquid waste inlet 410: melt discharge valve
411: waste discharge valve 412: gasification reactor inner wall
413: outer wall of the gasification reactor 414: reaction space
500: plasma torch
501: body portion 502: ion water vapor supply pipe
503: cathode portion 504: anode portion
505: cooling unit 506: cooling water discharge port
507: cooling water inlet 508: pyrolysis steam discharger
509: pyrolysis steam supply pipe 510: pyrolysis steam control valve
511: plasma forming unit 512: plasma flame forming unit
600: hydrogen separator
601: body portion 602: inlet pipe
603: hydrogen delivery pipe 604: hydrogen delivery
605: syngas delivery pipe 606: syngas delivery
607: separation space
701: steam induction steel wire
900: airflow prevention infectious material switch
901: Body portion 902: Upper slider switch
903: hydraulic cylinder 904: hydraulic cylinder adjustment unit
905: lower slider opening 906: lower moving part
907: upper storage 908: intermediate storage
909: upper steam discharger 910: pressure sensor
911: obstruction sensor 912: lower steam discharger
913: cooling water outlet 914: screw conveyor
915: cooling water inlet
Table 1: Gasification products for 1 kg of flammable waste and 360 g of water

Claims (4)

In the automated gasification reactor module 400 for producing synthetic gas (syngas) and hydrogen as a raw material without inflow of air,
The gasification reactor module 400 is characterized in that there is no inflow of the atmosphere, the formation of nitrogen oxide is essentially blocked, and to prevent nitrogen from being included in the syngas produced,
The three gasification reactors 401.a, 401.b, and 401.c of the gasification reactor module 400 are connected in series so that the syngas produced is sequentially moved, and the type of input waste. And operating temperatures vary according to the process of drying, pyrolysis, gasification and gas purification of the input waste, and gasification reactors (401.a, 401.b, 401.c) are suitable for the process of drying, pyrolysis, gasification and gas purification. Features that consist of different sizes,
The first gasification reactor (401.a) is characterized in that the air inlet prevention switch 300 or the air inlet prevention opening and closing switch 900 to prevent the inflow of air,
In the gasification reactor, temperature sensors 404.a, 404.b, 404.c, gas analyzers 405.a, 405.b, and pressure sensors 406 for obtaining data of gasification process in real time, respectively, are provided. One or more attached features,
The first gasification reactor (401.a) is formed of double walls of the gasification reactor inner wall 412 and the gasification reactor outer wall 413, the third gasification reactor (401.c) along the space between the double wall Indirect heating of the first gasification reactor (401.a) while the syngas discharged is moved,
At least one plasma torch 500 for supplying oxygen, hydrogen and heat by pyrolyzing water without external supply of oxygen and hydrogen required for syngas formation is provided.
The plasma torch 500 has a pyrolysis steam ejector 508 for ejecting high temperature steam to the outside of the plasma flame and is formed along the exterior of the cooling unit 505 through which the plasma gas is ejected, and is supplied to the pyrolysis steam ejector 508. It is equipped with a pyrolysis steam control valve 510 for adjusting the amount of water vapor,
A steam induction steel wire 701 which is a moving passage of water vapor is formed in a spiral shape inside the mounted pyrolysis steam discharger 508,
And the center point of the cross-section of the pyrolysis steam discharger 508 and the center point of the cross section of the cooling unit 505 through which the plasma gas is ejected.
The plasma torch 500, characterized in that the steam discharged from the pyrolysis steam discharger 508 is ejected in a form surrounding the outside of the plasma flame.
The sensors and the plasma torch 500 are automated gasification reactors for producing syngas and hydrogen as raw materials of combustible waste and water vapor, characterized in that data communication is performed in real time with a computer program that automatically controls the process. Module 400.
The method of claim 1,
In the air inlet switch 300 is installed in the gasification reactor that automatically produces the synthesis gas (Syngas) and hydrogen as a raw material without the inflow of air, used as the inlet of the combustible combustible waste.
Atmospheric inflow prevention switch 300 is located in the body portion 301, the body portion 301 inside the cylindrical opening and closing control unit 302, the opening and closing control unit 302 to perform the opening and closing function by rotating 90 degrees and reverse rotation A hydraulic cylinder module 303 for supplying rotational power, a waste discharge valve 308 for discharging wastes in the apparatus, and a steam attached to the outer wall of the body 301 to supply steam with pressure adjusted to the opening / closing control unit 302. Inlet 304.a, 304.b, open steam supply pipe 305.a, 305.b formed in the form of a tube inside the opening and closing control unit 302, engraved in the form of a ring on the outer wall of the opening and closing control unit 302 A condensed water vapor supply pipe (306.a, 306.b), the open space portion 307 formed in a cylindrical shape in the horizontal direction under the opening and closing control unit 302, and
When the opening and closing state by the opening and closing control unit 302 by 90 degrees, the open steam supply pipe (305.a, 305.b) is in communication with the steam supply (304.a, 304.b) in the open space portion 307 By spraying steam at high temperature and high pressure to form a vapor air curtain, preventing the inflow of air into the gasification reactor;
When the state is closed by the reverse rotation of 90 degrees of the opening and closing control unit 302, the condensed steam supply pipes (306.a, 306.b) is in communication with the steam supply (304.a, 304.b) and a small amount of ejected there The water vapor forms a ring of water vapor on the outer wall of the opening and closing control unit 302 and forms a film of water vapor in a fine space between the body 301 and the opening and closing control unit 302 so that the atmosphere is gasified along the inner space of the air inlet / outlet switch 300 Preventing the flow into the reactor,
The hydraulic cylinder module 303 and the steam supply (304.a, 304.b) is automated gasification including the air flow prevention switch 300, characterized in that the data communication in real time with a computer program for automatically controlling the process Reactor module 400.
The method of claim 1,
In the airflow preventing infectious switch (900), which is installed in a gasification reactor that automatically produces flammable waste and water vapor as a raw material, and produces syngas and hydrogen as raw materials.
Atmospheric inflow prevention infectious material switch 900 is the body portion 901, the upper portion of the upper storage unit 907 in the form of a hopper temporarily storing infectious waste, the body portion 901 inside the upper slider switch 902 as an opening and closing device And the lower slider switch 905 is mounted, and the hydraulic cylinder adjusting unit 904 and the hydraulic cylinder 903 for opening and closing the upper slider switch 902 and the lower slider switch 905 are mounted outside the body 901. And a cooling water inlet 915 and a cooling water outlet 913 for protecting the screw conveyor 914 from the high temperature of the infectious waste falling into the lower moving part 906 to the gasification reactor. Configured features,
And at least one lower steam discharger 912 for discharging the atmosphere in the intermediate reservoir 908 to the outside after infectious waste is moved to the intermediate reservoir 908 and after partial closure of the upper slider switch 902; ,
After the gasification reactor of infectious waste, after the partial closure of the lower slider switch 905 is equipped with one or more upper steam discharger 909 for discharging the dangerous gas located in the intermediate storage 908 to the gasification reactor and ,
A pressure sensor 910 for measuring the internal pressure of the intermediate storage unit 908 and a disturbance sensor 911 for checking whether residual infectious waste remains inside the intermediate storage unit 908 when water vapor is discharged;
Automated gasification reactor module (400) comprising an air ingress prevention infectious material switch (900), characterized in that the sensors and devices communicate data in real time with a computer program that automatically controls the process. delete

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