KR101922555B1 - Method and apparatus transmitting and receiving information in broadcasting/communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving information in a broadcast / communication system is disclosed. The method includes comparing a number of bits of an information word to be transmitted with a predetermined threshold value, acquiring a first parameter pair that is determined in advance when the number of bits of the information word is less than the threshold value, Determining a number of bits to be punctured using one of the first and second parameter pairs if the number of bits of the information word is not less than the threshold value; And puncturing parity bits among the codewords generated by encoding the information word using the number of bits to be punctured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting / receiving information in a broadcast / communication system,

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to transmission and reception of information in a broadcasting / communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for controlling a coding rate according to transmission and reception of signaling information in a broadcasting / communication system.

The performance of a link / communication system may be degraded due to noise, fading, and inter-symbol interference (ISI). Accordingly, it is essential to develop techniques for overcoming noise, fading, and ISI in order to realize high-speed digital broadcast / communication systems requiring high data throughput and reliability. As a part of such research, studies on error-correcting codes for improving the reliability of broadcasting / communication by effectively restoring information distortion have been actively conducted. For example, the error correction code includes a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code.

The LDPC encoder (Encoder) is K _ldpc of bits in LDPC information bits consisting of (LDPC information bits, or LDPC information word, LDPC uncoded block) the input received LDPC encoded bits consisting of N _ldpc bits (LDPC coded bits, or an LDPC codeword, an LDPC codeword, and an LDPC coded block). If the input information bits or the input information bits to be coded (K _sig ) are smaller than the LDPC information bit length (K _ldpc ) input to the LDPC encoder, the transmitting end performs a shortening process . If the number of parity bits (i.e., parity bit length) (N _{tx_parity} ) required at the transmitting end is smaller than the parity bit length (N _parity = N _ldpc- K _ldpc ) output from the encoder, (N _parity - N _tx - _parity ).

If the bit length to be shortened increases, the BER / FER (Bit Error Rate / Frame Error Rate) performance of the code can be improved compared to the code before the shortening because the code rate is lowered. On the other hand, if the puncturing bit length increases, the BER / FER performance may deteriorate more than the puncturing code because the code rate increases. Accordingly, in order to maintain the stability of the system, a technique for selecting a suitable number of puncturing bits according to the length of the information word is required so that similar performance can be maintained regardless of the length of the information word.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving information in a broadcast / communication system.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling a coding rate in a broadcast / communication system.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for selecting a shortening / puncturing ratio according to the length of an information word in a broadcasting / communication system.

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the number of bits to be punctured according to the length of an input information word in a broadcast / communication system.

A method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: A method for transmitting information in a broadcast / communication system,

The method includes the steps of: comparing a number of bits of an information word to be transmitted with a predetermined threshold; acquiring a predetermined first parameter pair when the number of bits of the information word is smaller than the threshold value; Determining a number of bits to be punctured using one of the first and second parameter pairs if the number of bits is not smaller than the threshold value; And puncturing parity bits among the codewords generated by encoding the information word using the number of bits to be decoded.

An apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: An apparatus for transmitting information in a broadcast / communication system,

An encoder for encoding an information word to be transmitted and outputting a codeword; and a comparator for comparing the number of bits of the information word with a predetermined threshold value, and when a bit number of the information word is smaller than the threshold value, Obtains a second parameter pair that is predetermined if the number of bits of the information word is not less than the threshold value and determines the number of bits to be punctured using one of the first and second parameter pairs And a puncturer for puncturing parity bits among the codewords using the number of punctured bits.

A method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for receiving information in a broadcasting / communication system,

The method comprising the steps of: comparing a number of bits of an information word transmitted by a transmitting terminal with a predetermined threshold; acquiring a predetermined first parameter pair when the number of bits of the information word is less than the threshold value; Obtaining a predetermined second parameter pair when the number of bits of the information word is not less than the threshold value; and determining the number of bits to be punctured using one of the first and second parameter pairs Generating corresponding values of bits punctured by a transmitting end using the number of punctured bits and generating a decoder input by inserting the generated values into a demodulated signal from a received signal; And decoding the decoder input to recover information word bits.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for receiving information in a broadcasting / communication system,

A demodulator for demodulating the received signal; and a demodulator for obtaining information on the number of bits of the information word transmitted by the transmitting end, comparing the number of bits of the information word with a predetermined threshold value, Acquires a first parameter pair that is predetermined if the number of bits of the information word is less than the threshold value and acquires a second parameter pair that is predetermined when the number of bits of the information word is not less than the threshold value, Generating a value corresponding to the bits punctured by the transmitting end using the number of bits to be punctured and outputting the generated value to the output signal of the demodulator, And a decoder for receiving and decoding the output values of the puncturing processor to recover information word bits .

According to the disclosed embodiments of the present invention, the shortening / puncturing ratio is adaptively selected according to the channel state information required in the broadcasting / communication system, thereby maintaining the stability of the system by maintaining similar performance regardless of the length of the information word. have.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a change in a coding rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams illustrating the efficiency of an LDPC code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a diagram illustrating a change in an effective code rate according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates efficiency of an LDPC code according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
FIG. 6 illustrates a procedure for puncturing parity bits according to an information bit length according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
7 is a diagram illustrating a frame structure for transmitting two types of parity bits according to an embodiment of the present invention;
8 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an LDPC code for supporting transmission of parity bits according to another embodiment of the present invention;
9 is a diagram showing a change in an effective code rate according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
10 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for determining the number of two types of parity bits according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a transmission end according to an embodiment of the present invention.
12 is a diagram showing a configuration of a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear. The following terms are defined in consideration of the functions of the present invention, and these may be changed according to the intention of the user, the operator, or the like. Therefore, the definition should be based on the contents throughout this specification.

Hereinafter, description will be made on a technique for controlling a coding rate according to transmission and reception of data and information in a broadcasting / communication system. The following description is based on DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting 2nd Generation Terrestrial) system, which is a European digital broadcasting standard, and DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting Next Generation Handheld) system, which is currently being standardized. However, the same can be applied to other systems. In addition, the following description assumes that the code rate is controlled according to the transmission of signaling information, but the same can be applied to the case of transmitting other information.

LDPC encoder in the transmission terminal of a broadcast / communication system is configured to output the _ldpc N (= K + N _{ldpc parity)} of LDPC coded bits to generate N _parity parity bits receives input of the K _ldpc LDPC information bits. Hereinafter, input and output of bits will be described for convenience of explanation, but it goes without saying that the same description is applicable to symbols.

Of the input information bits that can be input to the encoder, the signaling bits have a variable length. When variable length signaling bits are input, the transmitting end may perform shortening and / or puncturing (hereinafter referred to as shortening / puncturing). That is, when the length of the LDPC information bits of the LDPC encoder is K _ldpc and the signaling bits having the bit length of K _sig are input to the LDPC encoder, the bits of K _ldpc -K _sig are shortened. The shortening here is that (K _ldpc -K _sig ) '0' bits are padded on the signaling bits to perform LDPC coding, and after LDPC coding, padded '0' bits are deleted or shortened by padding and deletion Means that the coding is performed by reducing the size of the parity check matrix of the LDPC encoder having the same effect. The puncturing means that some of the coded bits, particularly parity bits, are excluded from transmission. In one embodiment, the meaning that a bit is punctured may indicate that the bit is not transmitted in the same frame as the input information bits.

As another example, two transmitters can be concatenated at the transmitting end of a broadcast / communication system. For example, an encoder that concatenates a BCH code and an LDPC code is called a BCH / LDPC (Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem / Low Density Parity Check) code. In this case, the BCH encoder receives BCH coded bits (BCH coded bits or BCH coded blocks) composed of N _bch bits by receiving BCH information or information bits composed of K _bch bits, . N _bch is equal to the number of LDPC information bits (K _ldpc), and is sometimes called the LDPC information bits, which means that the information input to the LDPC encoder (LDPC information bits or a LDPC uncoded block). The BCH coded bits, i.e. LDPC information bits, are input to the LDPC encoder and output as LDPC coded bits or LDPC coded blocks or LDPC codewords having N _ldpc length.

As mentioned above, among the information words input to the encoder, the signaling bits have a variable length. In this case, the transmitting end performs shortening / puncturing on the codeword output from the encoder. That is, a signaling bit having a bit length of K _sig is input to the BCH / LDPC encoder, and bits of K _bch -K _sig are shortened. Here, the shortening means that (K _bch -K _sig ) '0' bits are padded and BCH / LDPC-coded and then padded '0' bits are added to the signaling bits inputted.

As mentioned above, since the shortening has an effect of lowering the coding rate, the coding performance is improved as the number of bits to be shortened (i.e., the shortening bit length) is increased. However, when coding the signaling information, it is preferable that no difference in encoding performance occurs depending on the length of the input information. That is, when the receiver power is constant, it is recommended that there is no performance difference according to the length of the input information word. Therefore, if the number of punctured bits (punctured bit length) is adjusted according to the number of shortening bits, the stability of the coding performance can be obtained. Here, the number of the shortening bits is determined according to the bit length of the input information word, that is, the number of bits of the input information word, so that the number of puncturing bits is dependent on the number of bits of the input information word.

In the following, embodiments for determining an input parameter used for puncturing operation, i.e., N _punc , the number of bits to be punctured, will be described.

In one embodiment, N _punc can be calculated by one of the following equations (1) to (4).

Equations (1) and (2) can be used for cases where BCH codes are concatenated or not. That is, when the BCH code is concatenated, since the number of bits to be shortened is (K _bch- K _sig ), N _punc can be obtained as the following Equation (1).

In addition, since the number of bits to be shortened when not concatenating the BCH codes is (K _ldpc- K _sig ), N _punc can be obtained as shown in Equation (2).

는 바닥(floor) 함수를 의미하며, x보다 작거나 같은 최대의 정수를 의미한다. Here, A represents the number of bits to be punctured compared to the bits to be shortened, and K _bch - K _sig and K _ldpc - K _sig mean the number of bits to be shortened. K _bch denotes the number of BCH information bits input (i.e., information bit length) to generate BCH coded bits composed of K _ldpc bits through BCH coding, and K _ldpc denotes LDPC coded bits K _sig denotes a bit length of an input information word input to the encoder before shortening, and B denotes a correction factor. Also

Means the floor function and means the largest integer less than or equal to x.

If the number of bits to be punctured is found based on Equation (1) or Equation (2), it is possible to configure a code rate lower than that in the case where shortening and puncturing are not performed. It is a matter of course that B can be omitted when B becomes 0 in the above.

In another embodiment, when N _punc is calculated based on Equation (3) or Equation (4) _below , it is possible to configure a high coding rate to the coding rate in the case where shortening and puncturing are not performed.

When concatenating the BCH code, so the number of bits to be shortened is K _bch -K _sig N _punc can be obtained as shown in the following <Equation 3>.

When not connecting and the BCH code, so the number of bits to be shortened is _ldpc -K K _sig N _punc can be obtained as shown in the following <Equation 4>.

Here, A represents the ratio of bits to be punctured versus bits to be shortened, and K _bch - K _sig and K _ldpc - K _sig mean the number of bits to be shortened. K _bch denotes the number of BCH information bits input (i.e., information bit length) to generate BCH coded bits composed of K _ldpc bits through BCH coding, K _ldpc denotes an LDPC K _sig denotes a bit length of an input information word input to the encoder before shortening, and B denotes a correction factor. K _{sig - min} represents the bit length of the shortest information word among the information words that can be input to the encoder.

<Equation 3 and 4> In the B <N _parity -A is N _punc conditions must be satisfied in (K -K _{sig_min ldpc)} number of parity bits is smaller than N _parity.

N _punc can be changed according to the values of the parameters A and B in Equations (1) to (4). That is, the coding rate can be changed according to the values of A and B. When N _ldpc coded bits are output in response to the K _ldpc bits, the coding rate of the LDPC code is given by Equation (5).

The effective code rate (effective Code Rate) after shortening and puncturing with respect to the input _sig K of information bits that is equal to the following <Equation 6>.

N _{bch_parity} is the number of parity bits of the BCH code and is 0 when the BCH code is not used.

The effective code rate depends on A and B in Equations (1) to (4). Changes in the coding rate will be described below with reference to Figs. 1 to 3. Fig.

FIG. 1 shows a variation of an effective code rate according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 shows the case where A = 1.35 and B = 3320 are applied to Equation (3) and A = 1.32 and B = 3320 when K _bch = 2100, K _ldpc = 2160 and N _ldpc = 3 &gt;&lt; 3 &gt;. As shown in Equation (3), the code rate for transmitting information varies according to the change of A. In particular, the higher the A, the higher the coding rate.

FIG. 2 shows a frame error rate (FER) of a codeword for various information bit lengths 280, 396, 880, 1350, 1550, 1670 and 1900 when A = 1.35 and B = 3320.

As shown in the figure, performance degradation occurs when the number K _sig of input information bits is 280. Therefore, it can be seen that the performance difference between FER = 10e-4 is 0.7dB.

FIG. 3 shows a frame error rate (FER) of a codeword for various input information bit lengths 280, 396, 880, 1350, 1550, 1670 and 1900 when A = 1.32 and B = 3320.

As shown in FIG. 2, since the contrast coding rate is low, it can be seen that the performance is improved as a whole. Particularly, when the number K _sig of input information bits is 1350, the performance is very good in comparison with other cases. Also, it can be seen that the performance difference is about 0.7dB when FER = 10e-4 when the performance is the best and when the performance is bad.

As mentioned above, it is preferable that the coding performance according to the input information bit length does not vary greatly. Therefore, a method of varying the A and B values of Equations (1) to (4) according to the input information bit length is required.

Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, N _punc is determined as shown in Equations (7) and (8) below.

As described above, different values of A and B, namely A ₁ and B ₁ or A ₂ and B _2, are used depending on the input information bit length.

In the embodiments of Equations (7) and (8), the case where the input information bit length is small and the case where the input information bit length is small is discriminated on the basis of a predetermined threshold value K _th . However, It is natural that the values of two or more pairs A and B can be used.

In one embodiment, K _th may be determined empirically so as not to generate a difference in coding performance of the N _punc. In particular, performance is relatively good compared to other values, or performance is determined to be relatively poor. Also, different parameter pairs (A ₁ , B ₁ ) and (A ₂ , B ₂ ) are determined such that N _punc values are the same when K _sig = K _th .

As described above, the number of punctured bits is preferably adjusted according to the number of the shortening bits, and the number of shortening bits is determined according to the bit length of the input information word. Therefore, A ₁ and A _2, which represent the ratio of the number of punctured bits to the number of shortened bits, may be constant values determined according to the bit length of the input information word. Accordingly, B ₁ and B ₂ can also be set to constant values.

As described above, when N _punc is determined, the transmitting end punctures the parity bits among the coded bits generated by encoding the input information bits using N _punc .

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in effective code rate according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the case of applying A = 1.35 and B = 3320 to Equation (3) and A = 1.32 and B = 3 &gt; is compared with the case where Equations (7) and (8) are used (shown as &quot; proposed &quot;). A ₁ = 1.3, B ₁ = 3357, A ₂ = 1.35, B ₂ = 3320, and K _th = 1350 in the case of K _bch = 2100, K _ldpc = 2160 and N _ldpc = >, It can be seen that the same coding rate as in the case of applying A = 1.35 and B = 3320 to Equation (3) appears when K _sig is 1350 or more, which is the same value as K _th .

5 shows FER performance for various information bit lengths, 280, 396, 880, 1350, 1550, 1670, 1900, according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, when the length of the input information bit is 280, the code rate of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is low, so that the performance is better. Also, when the input information bit length is 1350, the coding rate is higher than that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, so that the performance deteriorates. Therefore, the overall performance difference is 0.3 dB, and the difference in the coding performance between Figs. 2 and 3 is reduced.

In the above description, the number N _punc , which is the number of punctured bits, is calculated using the above equations. On the other hand, in the following, an example will be described in which N _punc is determined more precisely by _taking a value obtained by using the above equations as a temporary value of N _punc , that is, a number of temporary puncturing bits (N _{punc_temp} ). In the embodiment to be described later for example, the transmitting stage can be in, adjusting the addition of additional parameters, depending on the number N _punc, modulation order of the BCH parity bits as one example precision in carrying out the boring operation with the N _punc. It will be described the procedure for calculating the N _punc indicating the number of last bits to be punctured by using the following N _{punc_temp.}

Stage 1:

The number of temporary puncturing bits (N _{punc_temp} ) is calculated through Equation (9) which is substantially the same as Equation (7) and Equation (7) described above.

(A ₁ , B ₁ ) = (1.3, 3357) and (A ₂ , B ₁ ) which are values shown in the description of FIG. 4 are used in Equation (9) ₂ ) = (1.35, 3320).

Step 2:

Using N _{punc_temp} calculates the temporary number via the coded bits to the N _{post_temp} <Equation 10>.

Where K _sig is the number of input information bits as described above, and may be, for example, the number of signaling information bits. N _{bch_parity} indicates the number of BCH parity bits, and N _{ldpc_parity_ext_4K} is a constant value determined according to the type of the LPDC code. As an example, if an extended 4K LDPC is used, N _{ldpc_parity_ext_4K} is 6480.

Step 3:

The number of final encoding bits (the number of bits of each LDPC block) is calculated according to the following Equation (11), considering N _{post_temp} and modulation order.

Where η _MOD indicates the modulation order and is 1 and 2 for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature PSK (QPSK), 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM), and 64- , 4, and 6, respectively.

The reason for determining the number of bits N _{post in} which the information word blocks are coded is that N _post is a multiple of the number of columns of the block interleaver. The block interleaver is used in the process of being bit interleaved after the bits of each LDPC block are shown or not explained further.

In the case where the block interleaver is not used and only BPSK and QPSK are used, it is obvious that Equation (11) can be changed by the following equation.

Step 4:

Finally, N _punc representing the number of bits to be punctured among parity bits of each LDPC block is calculated as Equation (12).

6 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for puncturing parity bits according to an input information bit length according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 6, the number of input information bits (i.e., input information bit length) including signaling information to be transmitted in step 600 is determined. In step 602, the transmitter checks parameters for calculating the number of bits to be punctured, that is, the puncturing bit length. That is, as described in Equations (7) to (8), it is determined whether to select A ₁ , B ₁ or A ₂ , B ₂ according to the input information bit length. Although not shown, it is also possible to select one of two or more predetermined parameter pairs according to the input information bit length. As another example, in step 602, the transmitting terminal may calculate the parameter values (A ₁ , B ₁ ) = (1.3, 3357) to be used in Equation (9) according to the result of comparing the input information bit length with a predetermined threshold value 1350 (A ₂ , B ₂ ) = (1.35, 3320).

In step 604, the number of parity bits to be punctured based on the determined parameters (i.e., puncturing parity bit length) is calculated. The number of parity bits to be punctured in step 604 may be determined by Equation (7) and Equation (8) as an embodiment, or may be determined by Equation (9) to Equation (12). In step 606, puncturing of parity bits for the codeword is performed based on the calculated puncturing parity bit length.

Meanwhile, the generated parity bits for the signaling bits, which are the input information bits, may be divided and transmitted through the same frame and the preceding frame as the frame in which the signaling bits are transmitted. Here, the parity bits transmitted through the same frame as the signaling bits are referred to as first parity, and the parity bits transmitted through the previous frame are referred to as second parity or additional parity.

FIG. 7 illustrates a frame structure for transmitting two kinds of parity bits according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown, Layer 1 signaling bits are transmitted through the (i) th frame 702, and the first parity 710 generated for the signaling bits is transmitted along with the signaling bits to the (i) th frame, (I-1) th frame 700, and the additional parity 712 is transmitted through the (i-1) &lt; th &gt;

In one embodiment, the receiving end decodes based on the signaling bits received through the (i) th frame 702 and the first parity. If decoding is unsuccessful, the receiving end performs decoding using the additional parity 712 received via the (i-1) th frame 700 together. In another embodiment, if decoding for the signaling bits and the first parity fails, the receiving end determines that decoding of the signaling bits has failed (i) after storing the additional parity contained in the i-th frame 702 (i + 1) th frame. As another example, the receiving end always stores the additional parity received through the (i-1) th frame 700, and the signaling bits received through the (i) th frame 702, the first parity, And performs decoding based on the stored additional parity.

As described above, when decoding the input information bits at the receiving end, a method of determining the number of additional parity bits is needed. Hereinafter, a method for determining the number of additional parity bits will be described in detail.

In one embodiment, the number of additional parity bits can be expressed as Equation (13).

In Equation (13),? · I _l Denotes the number of first parity bits and the number of additional parity bits. Α is a fixed value and I _i Can be selected from 0 to L-1 values and represents the L1 additional parity ratio. I _i may be transmitted via a separate signaling called 'L1_AP_RATIO'. I _i Means that no additional parity bits are used. N _{tx _ parity} means the number of parity bits (i.e., first parity bits) transmitted in the same frame as the information word, and in other words, the number of parity bits actually transmitted. In this case, N _{tx_parity} = N _parity - N _punc .

Hereinafter, a specific embodiment for determining the number of parity bits and the number of additional parities to be punctured will be described.

8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure of an LDPC code for supporting parity transmission.

As shown in the figure, the LDPC codeword includes K _ldpc LDPC information bits 800, N _parity parity bits, and M _IR number of Incremental Redundancy (IR) parity bits. For convenience, the N _parity bits 802 and the M _IR IR (incremental redundancy) parity bits 804 may be collectively referred to as parity bits. The structure of the LDPC code of FIG. 8 is designed in consideration of the parity bit 802 in designing the LDPC code. Therefore, the IR parity bits 804 are preferentially punctured during puncturing. It is to be appreciated that the LDPC code of FIG. 8 can be represented by parity bits without distinguishing between parity bits 802 and IR parity bits 804.

To encode the signaling bits 806, the LDPC information bits 800 of FIG. 8 includes signaling bits 806 and parity bits 807 of the BCH code and '0' padding bits 808 And parity bits 802 and IR parity bits 804 are composed of parity bits 810 and punctured parity bits 812 that are not punctured. Here, the specific positions (i.e., indexes) of the respective bits are not related to the main points of the present invention, so they are not described in this document. In other words, it is assumed that specific bits of the parity bits 802 and the IR parity bits 804 are punctured and the bits are not punctured, that is, the puncturing pattern is not referred to. It should also be noted that in LDPC information bits 800 some bits are signaling bits 806 and some bits are 0 padding 808 and some bits are BCH parity bits 807 and not the location of each bit do. In addition, the parity bits 807 of the BCH code exist when a concatenated code of the BCH code and the LDPC code is used, and it is obvious that the BCH parity bits 807 are omitted when only the LDPC code is used.

Signaling bits 806 and BCH parity bits 807 and unperforated parity bits 810 constitute the first part 814 and are transmitted to the (i) th frame 702 of FIG. Also, some of the punctured parity bits 812 constitute additional parity 816 and are transmitted to the (i-1) th frame 700 of FIG. 7. That is, some of the punctured parity bits 812 are the same as the additional parities 708 and 712 of FIG. The specific method of constructing the additional parity 708 may be variously determined. For example, punctured parity bits 812 may be preferentially selected as additional parity.

Hereinafter, a specific example using the transmission method of FIG. 8 will be described.

_{K bch = 2100, K ldpc =} 2160, N ldpc = 4320, if the _{M IR = 4320, R ldpc =} K ldpc / N ldpc = 1/2, R IR = K ldpc / (N ldpc + M ldpc) = 1 / 4. In this case, N _punc can be obtained according to Equation (14) on the basis of Equation (7) according to an embodiment.

Equation (14) shows a case where A ₁ = 1.3, B ₁ = 3357, A ₂ = 1.35, B ₂ = 3320, and K _th = 1350. Therefore, among the parity bits 802 and IR parity bits 804 of FIG. 8, N _punc parity bits according to Equation (14) are punctured. Or may in other embodiments <Equation 9> N _punc parity bits obtained with <Equation 10 to 12> on the basis of the N _{punc_temp} may be perforated.

It is _obvious that the specific values of the parameters used for _obtaining N _punc can be determined according to the modulation scheme used for transmission and the number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. For example, when 2 ⁿ -QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is used as a modulation scheme, the number of transmitted bits (K _sig + N _{bch_parity} + N _parity + M _IR -N _punc ) is a multiple of n. Here, K _sig denotes the number of signaling information bits input and N _{bch _ parity} is the number of parity bits of the BCH code, and n denotes the degree (order) modulation scheme.

The number of additional parity bits 712 in FIG. 7 or the number of additional parity bits 816 in FIG. 8 can be obtained by Equation (15) below.

where I ₀ = 0, I ₁ = 1, I ₂ = 2, I ₃ = 3

Equation (15) is obtained by applying? = 0.35 to Equation (13), and? Is a value selected to satisfy Equation (16) below.

That is, α is the number of first parity bits (N _{tx_parity} ) transmitted when I _l is the maximum value I _L-1 and K _{sig_max} which is the longest length of the input information bits into which K _sig is input, (N _{tx_parity} + N _{add_parity} ) of the number of bits (N _{add_parity} ) becomes maximum, and the sum is determined to be the maximum value among the values that make the sum smaller than N _parity + M _IR .

If in the above example, the longest length among the input information bit K _{sig_max} = 2100 il, N _punc = because an N _{tx_parity} = 3160 3320, I _l is the case up to a value _{I L-1 = I 3 =} 3 il N _{add_parity = 0.35 × 3 × 3160 =} 3318 because the N _{tx _ _ add parity parity} + N = N + M _{parity IR} = less than 6480 to 6478.

In the above description, the N _{add_parity,} which is the number of additional parity bits, is calculated using the above equations. Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described in which a more precise N _{add_parity} is calculated in consideration of a modulation scheme used for transmission based on N _{add_parity} , which is a value obtained using the above equations.

Equation (16) assumes that a BPSK modulation scheme is used. That is, when the BPSK modulation scheme is used, the value of alpha is determined so that the number of first parity bits and the number of additional parity bits transmitted are smaller than N _parity + M _IR . Therefore, it is necessary to correct for Nadd_parity so that the number of first parity bits and the number of additional parity bits are smaller than N _parity + M _IR even when different modulation schemes such as QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM are used. Do. Therefore, the number of temporary extra parity bits can be obtained as follows.

K is the L1 additional parity ratio and is another expression of I _i in Equation (13), (15). In one embodiment, K may be transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver via a separate signaling called &quot; L1_AP_RATIO &quot;. For example, 'L1_AP_RATIO' is a 2-bit parameter and K = 0 when the parameter is' 00 ', K = 1 when the parameter is'01', K = 2 when the parameter is' When the parameter is '11', it means K = 3.

Considering N _{add_parity_temp} and modulation order of Equation (17), the number of final additional parity bits is calculated by Equation (18).

Here, η _MOD indicates the modulation order, which is 1, 2, 4, and 6 for BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, respectively.

The reason for adjusting the number of additional parity bits N _{_ add parity} as <Equation 18> is, It is to the N _{add_parity} to a multiple of the number of columns of the block interleaver. The block interleaver is used in the process of bit interleaving each additional parity bit.

When the block interleaver is not used and only BPSK and QPSK are used, it is obvious that Equation (18) can be changed to the following Equation (18).

In addition, N _{_ add} the _parity can be determined according to the number of OFDM symbols used for transmission is apparent.

Information on the number of additional parity bits can be transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver via the signaling parameter L1_AP_SIZE. If, if a plurality of LDPC coded blocks used for the transmission, L1_AP_SIZE instructs multiplication of the number with N _{_ add parity} of the coding block. For example, when two coding blocks are used, 'L1_AP_SIZE' may represent 2 × N _{add_parity} . The receiver can know the number of additional parity bits through the signaling parameter.

FIG. 9 shows a code rate when the number of additional parity bits is calculated as shown in Equation (15). The code rate is calculated as follows: &quot; (19) &quot;

Where N _{tx_parity;} means the number of parity bits of the part 814 of Fig. 8, in which the N + M _{ldpc IR punc} -N = N-6480 _punc. N _{add_parity} denotes additional parity bits of part 816 of FIG.

If also the in 9 (Additional Parity) AP = 0 refers to the code rate of the case has not been used for more parity in the case of I ₀ = _0, and, AP = 1 in FIG. 9 I ₁ = _1, and AP = 2 is I ₂ = 2, and AP = 3 means the coding rate when I ₃ = 3.

In another embodiment of the present invention, IR parity bits 804 in the LDPC code of FIG. 8 may be selectively used. That is, only the parity bits 802 are generated for the input information bits and the IR parity bits 804 are generated only when the IR parity is required. This is a method for increasing the coding / decoding efficiency.

As described above, only the parity bits 802 are generated for the input information bits, and N _punc for the parity bits 802 is _calculated according to Equation (7) on the basis of Equation (7) (20). &Quot; (20) &quot;

In Equation (20), if N _punc is a positive number, only parity bits 802 are generated, and then N _punc parity bits are punctured only for parity bits 802. On the other hand, if N _punc is negative, both parity bits 802 and IR parity bits 804 are generated, and only IR parity bits 804 are punctured by M _IR + N _punc . According to another embodiment, parity bits of N _punc obtained by using Equations (10) to (12) are punctured based on Equation (20).

FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for determining the number of two types of parity bits according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10, in step 1000, the number of parity bits to be punctured is calculated using Equations (7) and (8) or Equations (9) to (12). In step 1002, parameters _?, I _l , and N _{tx_parity} to be used in Equations (13), (15), and (17) are determined. Also, the already determined α or I _l value can be used in the process 1002, and I _l , is expressed by the K value in Equation (17). As mentioned above, K may be indicated by a separate signaling of 'L1_AP_RATIO'. In step 1004, the number of additional parity bits (i.e., additional parity bit length) N _{add_parity} is determined based on Equation (13) or Equation (17) or Equation (18) using the determined parameters. In step 1006, additional parity bits are configured according to the number of the calculated additional parity bits.

11 shows a configuration of a transmission terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

11, the transmitting end includes a coder 1101, a puncturer 1103, a controller 1105, a modulator 1107, a radio frequency (RF) processor 1109, And an additional parity constructor 1111.

The encoder 1101 encodes the information bits for transmission and outputs the generated coded bits. For example, BCH / if the LDPC code is used, the encoder 1101 to the BCH information bits consisting of K _bch BCH encoded bits to generate a BCH codeword consisting of K _ldpc bits. Then, the encoder 1101 LDPC-codes the BCH codeword to generate and output an LDPC codeword composed of N _ldpc bits. Alternatively, an LDPC codeword composed of (N _ldpc + M _IR ) bits is generated and output. Although not described in detail in the drawings BCH information bits consisting of K _bch bits are the K _sig of input information bits it can be configured by inserting (K _bch K _sig) of '0' bit. Also, although not shown, (K _bch - K _sig ) '0' padded bits are not transmitted.

The puncturer 1103 punctures the codeword received from the encoder 1101 according to the puncturing pattern and puncture bit length (K _bch- K _sig ) supplied from the controller 1105. The controller 1105 controls the puncturer 1103 by calculating the puncturing bit length according to the number of information bits. For example, the controller 1105 determines the A value and the B value according to the number of input information bits (or the number of signaling bits) to be transmitted at the transmitting end as shown in FIG. 6, and provides the A value and the B value to the puncturer 1103 do. Or the number of bits to be punctured from the determined parameters (A value and B value), and provides the obtained number of bits to be punctured to the puncturer 1103. The modulator 1007 modulates the signal received from the puncturer 1003 Modulated according to the modulation method and output. The RF processor 1009 converts the modulated signal supplied from the modulator 1007 into a high frequency signal and transmits the signal through an antenna.

As an alternative embodiment, when transmitting additional parity bits, the controller 1105 determines the number of additional parity bits and provides them to the additional parity constructor 1111 as shown in FIG. The additional parity constructor 1111 constructs additional parity bits and provides them to the modulator 1107. It should be noted that the additional parity generated in the current frame is transmitted in the previous frame.

In the above embodiment, when (N _ldpc , K _ldpc ) is based on LDPC coding, (K _ldpc - K _sig ) bits are shortened for the input information bit length K _sig . At this time, when the BCH code is concatenated, (K _bch - K _sig ) bits are shortened for the BCH information bit length K _bch .

12 shows a configuration of a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention.

12, the receiving end includes an RF processor 1200, a demodulator 1202, a short / punch processor 1204, a decoder 1206, a controller 1208 and optionally an additional parity processor (not shown) 1210).

The RF processor 1200 receives the signal transmitted from the RF processor 1109 at the transmitting end and provides it to the demodulator 1202.

The demodulator 1202 demodulates the signal provided from the RF processor 1200 in accordance with the modulation scheme of the modulator 1107 at the transmission end. For example, the demodulator 1202 may calculate the ratio of the probability that each bit is 1 and the probability that each bit is 0, with respect to each of the shortened / punctured encoded bits and additional parity bits transmitted through the modulator 1107, A log likelihood ratio (LLR) value may be obtained and provided to the short / punch processor 1204 and the additional parity processor 1210. The additional parity processor 1210 is an optional embodiment and is not used if no additional parity is received.

The shortening / puncturing processor 1204 receives the output signal of the demodulator 1202, generates values corresponding to the shortening and puncturing of the shortened and punctured bits by the transmitting end, and outputs the shortening / puncturing result to the output signal from the demodulator 1202 . For example, when the LLR value is obtained for the shortened bit, the maximum value is (+) or (-) in the decoder input value, and the LLR value is set to '0' for the punctured bit. At this time, in the short / punch processor 1204, information on the number and index of the shortened and punctured bits is inputted from the controller 1208. That is, the controller 1208 calculates the puncturing bit length according to the number of information bits of the encoder 1101 of the transmitting end, and controls the shortening / puncturing processor 1204. For example, the controller 1208 determines the A value and the B value according to the number of bits of the signaling information to be transmitted at the transmitting end as shown in FIG. 6, and provides the A value and the B value to the shortening / puncturing processor 1204. Or the number of bits to be punctured from the determined parameters (A value and B value) and provides the obtained number of bits to be punctured to puncturing / puncturing processor 1204. At this time, information on the number of input information bits input to the encoder of the transmission end may be transmitted to the controller 1208 of the receiver through additional signaling, for example.

The decoder 1206 receives and decodes the output values of the short / punch processor 1204 to recover information word bits. For example, when the BCH / LDPC code is used, the decoder 1206 receives the N _ldpc or (N _ldpc + M _IR ) LLR values and performs LDPC decoding to recover K _ldpc bits and then performs BCH decoding To _recover K _bch information bits.

If additional parity bits are transmitted as an alternative embodiment, the controller 1208 determines the number of additional parity bits and provides them to the additional parity processor 1210, as shown in FIG. The additional parity processor 1210 receives the LLR values for the additional parity bits generated by the transmitting end from the demodulator 1202 and provides the LLR values to the decoder 1206. The decoder 1206 receives the LLR values for the additional parity bits generated by the short / And uses the values provided from the additional parity processor 1210 to perform decoding. Note that additional parities received in the current frame are used in the decoding process of the next frame according to the processing in the transmitter. That is, when decoding the code received in the current frame, additional parity bits received in the previous frame are used.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited by the illustrated embodiments, but should be determined by the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (28)

A method for transmitting information in a broadcast / communication system,
Comparing a bit number of an information word to be transmitted with a predetermined threshold value;
Obtaining a predetermined first parameter pair when the number of bits of the information word is smaller than the threshold value;
Obtaining a predetermined second parameter pair when the number of bits of the information word is not smaller than the threshold value;
Determining a number of bits to be punctured based on any one of the first parameter pair and the second parameter pair;
And puncturing parity bits among codeed bits generated by encoding the information word using the determined number of bits to be punctured.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the number of bits to be punctured comprises:
Calculating a number of bits to be temporarily punctured based on the first parameter pair or the second parameter pair;
Calculating a number of temporary coded bits based on the calculated number of temporarily punctured bits;
Calculating a number of final coded bits based on the number of temporary coded bits and a modulation order;
Determining the number of punctured bits based on the number of temporary punctured bits, the number of temporary encoded bits, and the number of final encoded bits.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the number of bits to be punctured is determined according to the following equation,

,
The N _{punc_temp} denotes the number of the temporary perforated be bits, the K _bch denotes the number of input bits of a BCH (Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocque-nghem) encoder used for encoding the information word, wherein K _sig is the (1.3, 3357) represents the first parameter pair, (1.35, 3320) represents the second parameter pair, and 1350 is the threshold value.
The method according to claim 1,
Determining at least one third parameter for determining an additional parity bit length,
Determining the additional parity bit length based on the at least one third parameter;
And encoding the information word to generate additional parity bits based on the additional parity bit length.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one third parameter comprises:
A ratio of a number of first parity bits to a number of first parity bits transmitted in a frame transmitting the information word, and a number N _{tx_parity} of first parity bits.
5. The method of claim 4,
Is determined according to the following equation,

,
The η _MOD indicates a modulation order, which is a value obtained by multiplying the BPSK (Quadrature PSK), 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) and 64-ary QAM 1, 2, 4, and 6, respectively,
The N _{add_parity_temp} is determined according to the following equation,

,
_Wherein N _parity is a number of parity bits, N _punc is a number of bits to be punctured, K is an additional parity ratio, and the additional parity ratio is transmitted in a frame for transmitting the information word Wherein a ratio of the number of first parity bits to the number of additional parity bits is divided by a constant a.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first parameter pair comprises a first ratio and a first correction factor, the second parameter pair comprises a second ratio and a second correction factor,
Wherein each of the first rate and the second rate represents a ratio of the number of bits to be punctured to the number of bits to be shortened when the information word is coded by the encoder,
Wherein the number of bits to be punctured comprises information obtained based on a value calculated by applying one of the first parameter pair and the second parameter pair to a difference between the number of input bits of the encoder and the number of bits of the information word. Transmission method.
An apparatus for transmitting information in a broadcast / communication system,
An encoder for encoding the information word to be transmitted and outputting coded bits;
Compares a bit number of the information word with a predetermined threshold value to obtain a first parameter pair that is predetermined when a bit number of the information word is smaller than the threshold value and if the bit number of the information word is smaller than the threshold value A controller for determining a number of bits to be punctured based on any one of the first parameter pair and the second parameter pair;
And a puncturer puncturing the parity bits among the coded bits using the determined number of bits to be punctured.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to determine a number of bits to be punctured,
Calculating a number of bits to be temporarily punctured based on the first parameter pair or the second parameter pair,
Calculating the number of temporary coded bits based on the calculated number of punctured bits,
Calculating a number of final coded bits based on the number of temporary coded bits and the modulation order,
Wherein the number of punctured bits is determined based on the number of temporary punctured bits, the number of temporary encoded bits, and the number of final encoded bits.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the number of bits to be punctured is determined according to the following equation: &lt; EMI ID =

,
The N _{punc_temp} denotes the number of the temporary perforated be bits, the K _bch denotes the number of input bits of a BCH (Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocque-nghem) encoder used for encoding the information word, wherein K _sig is the (1.3, 3357) represents the first parameter pair, (1.35, 3320) represents the second parameter pair, and 1350 is the threshold value.
9. The apparatus of claim 8,
Determining at least one third parameter for determining an additional parity bit length, determining the additional parity bit length based on the at least one third parameter, generating additional parity bits based on the additional parity bit length, And controls the encoder to encode the information word.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one third parameter comprises:
A ratio of a number of first parity bits to a number of first parity bits transmitted in a frame transmitting the information word, and a number N _{tx_parity} of first parity bits.
12. The method of claim 11,
Is determined according to the following equation,

,
The η _MOD indicates a modulation order, which is a value obtained by multiplying the BPSK (Quadrature PSK), 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) and 64-ary QAM 1, 2, 4, and 6, respectively,
The N _{add_parity_temp} is determined according to the following equation,

,
_Wherein N _parity is the number of parity bits, N _punc is the number of bits to be punctured, K is an additional parity ratio, and the additional parity ratio is the number of parity bits transmitted in the frame transmitting the information word And the ratio of the number of the additional parity bits to the number of the additional parity bits is divided by a constant?.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first parameter pair comprises a first ratio and a first correction factor, the second parameter pair comprises a second ratio and a second correction factor,
Wherein each of the first rate and the second rate represents a ratio of the number of bits to be punctured to the number of bits shortened when the information word is coded by the encoder,
Wherein the number of bits to be punctured comprises information obtained based on a value calculated by applying one of the first parameter pair and the second parameter pair to a difference between the number of input bits of the encoder and the number of bits of the information word. Transmitting apparatus.
A method for receiving information in a broadcast / communication system,
Comparing a bit number of an information word transmitted by a transmitting end with a predetermined threshold value;
Obtaining a predetermined first parameter pair when the number of bits of the information word is smaller than the threshold value;
Obtaining a predetermined second parameter pair when the number of bits of the information word is not smaller than the threshold value;
Determining a number of bits to be punctured based on any one of the first parameter pair and the second parameter pair;
Generating values corresponding to the bits to be punctured by the transmitter using the determined number of bits to be punctured and generating a decoder input by inserting the generated values into a demodulated signal from a received signal;
And decoding the input of the decoder to restore the information word.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the number of bits to be punctured comprises:
Calculating a number of bits to be temporarily punctured based on the first parameter pair or the second parameter pair;
Calculating a number of temporary coded bits based on the calculated number of temporarily punctured bits;
Calculating the number of final coded bits based on the number of temporary coded bits and the modulation order;
Determining the number of punctured bits based on the number of temporary punctured bits, the number of temporary encoded bits, and the number of final encoded bits.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the number of bits to be punctured is determined according to the following equation:

,
The N _{punc_temp} denotes the number of the temporary perforated be bits, the K _bch denotes the number of input bits of a BCH (Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocque-nghem) encoder used for encoding the information word, wherein K _sig is the (1.3, 3357) represents the first parameter pair, (1.35, 3320) represents the second parameter pair, and 1350 is the threshold value.
16. The method of claim 15,
Determining at least one third parameter for determining an additional parity bit length,
Determining the additional parity bit length based on the at least one third parameter;
Generates values corresponding to bits to be further punctured by the transmitting end based on the additional parity bit length, inserts values corresponding to the generated bits to be further punctured in the demodulated signal from the received signal, Further comprising the step of generating an input.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one third parameter comprises:
A ratio of a number of first parity bits to a number of first parity bits transmitted in a frame transmitting the information word, and a number N _{tx_parity} of first parity bits.
19. The method of claim 18,
Is determined according to the following equation,

,
The η _MOD indicates a modulation order, which is a value obtained by multiplying the BPSK (Quadrature PSK), 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) and 64-ary QAM 1, 2, 4, and 6, respectively,
The N _{add_parity_temp} is determined according to the following equation,

,
_Wherein N _parity is the number of parity bits, N _punc is the number of bits to be punctured, K is an additional parity ratio, and the additional parity ratio is the number of parity bits transmitted in the frame transmitting the information word And the ratio of the number of the additional parity bits to the number of the additional parity bits is divided by a constant?.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first parameter pair comprises a first ratio and a first correction factor, the second parameter pair comprises a second ratio and a second correction factor,
Wherein each of the first rate and the second rate represents a ratio of the number of bits to be punctured to the number of bits to be shortened when the information word is coded by the encoder,
Wherein the number of bits to be punctured comprises information obtained based on a value calculated by applying one of the first parameter pair and the second parameter pair to a difference between the number of input bits of the encoder and the number of bits of the information word. Receiving method.
An apparatus for receiving information in a broadcast / communication system,
A demodulator for demodulating the received signal,
The method includes obtaining information on the number of bits of the information word transmitted by the transmitting end, comparing the number of bits of the information word with a predetermined threshold value, and when the number of bits of the information word is less than the threshold value, Acquiring a second parameter pair that is predetermined when a bit number of the information word is not smaller than the threshold value, and acquiring a second parameter pair by using one of the first parameter and the second parameter pair, A controller for determining the number of bits to be transmitted,
A puncturing processor for generating values corresponding to the bits to be punctured by the transmitter using the determined number of punctured bits and inserting the generated values into an output signal of the demodulator;
And a decoder for receiving and decoding output values of the puncturing processor to recover the information word.
23. The apparatus of claim 22,
Calculating a number of bits to be temporarily punctured based on the first parameter pair or the second parameter pair,
Calculating a number of temporary coded bits based on the calculated number of temporarily punctured bits,
Calculating a number of final coded bits based on the number of temporary coded bits and the modulation order,
Wherein the number of punctured bits is determined based on the number of temporary punctured bits, the number of temporary encoded bits, and the number of final encoded bits.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the number of bits to be punctured is determined according to the following equation,

,
The N _{punc_temp} denotes the number of the temporary perforated be bits, the K _bch denotes the number of input bits of a BCH (Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocque-nghem) encoder used for encoding the information word, wherein K _sig is the (1.3, 3357) represents the first parameter pair, (1.35, 3320) represents the second parameter pair, and 1350 is the threshold value.
23. The apparatus of claim 22,
Determining at least one third parameter for determining an additional parity bit length, determining the additional parity bit length based on the at least one third parameter, and further adding, by the transmitting end, And generates the values corresponding to the bits to be punctured and inserts values corresponding to the generated bits to be further punctured into the demodulated signal from the received signal to control the puncturing processor to generate the decoder input.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein the at least one third parameter comprises:
A ratio of a number of first parity bits to a number of first parity bits transmitted in a frame transmitting the information word, and a number N _{tx_parity} of first parity bits.
26. The method of claim 25,
Is determined according to the following equation,

,
The η _MOD indicates a modulation order, which is a value obtained by multiplying the BPSK (Quadrature PSK), 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) and 64-ary QAM 1, 2, 4, and 6, respectively,
The N _{add_parity_temp} is determined according to the following equation,

,
_Wherein N _parity is the number of parity bits, N _punc is the number of bits to be punctured, K is an additional parity ratio, and the additional parity ratio is the number of parity bits transmitted in the frame transmitting the information word And the ratio of the number of the additional parity bits to the number of the additional parity bits is divided by a constant?.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the first parameter pair comprises a first ratio and a first correction factor, the second parameter pair comprises a second ratio and a second correction factor,
Wherein each of the first rate and the second rate represents a ratio of the number of bits to be punctured to the number of bits shortened when the information word is coded by the encoder,
Wherein the number of bits to be punctured comprises information obtained based on a value calculated by applying one of the first parameter pair and the second parameter pair to a difference between the number of input bits of the encoder and the number of bits of the information word. Receiving device.

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