KR101811392B1 - Methods for Culturing Norovirus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention norovirus (Norovirus) Norovirus detection method using an animal model, how antiviral screening for the norovirus and cone Kana secretary valine A include (Concanavalin A), as an active ingredient a virus (enteric virus) infection neutralization (neutralization ). ≪ / RTI > The method of detecting norovirus of the present invention can distinguish between infectious norovirus and non-infectious norovirus, which can neutralize food poisoning virus.

Description

Methods for Culturing Norovirus < RTI ID = 0.0 >

The present invention relates to a method for culturing Norovirus.

There are currently no cells capable of culturing norovirus, and chimpanzees can be used as a model for Norovirus infection (Karin Bok et al., Chimpanzees as an animal model for human norovirus infection and vaccine development. 1): 325-330, 2011). However, there is a disadvantage in that it takes too much space and cost to use the chimpanzee. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) is a herpes simplex virus (Burgos, JS et al., Zebrafish as a new model for herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Zebrafish 5: 323-333. 2008), hepatitis C virus (6): e22921, 2011), Chikungunya virus (Nuno Palha et al., Real.), And Chikungunya virus as a potential model organism for drug testing against hepatitis C virus -Time whole-body visualization of Chikungunya virus infection and host interferon response in zebrafish.PloS pathog. 9: e1003619.2013), which is highly susceptible to human infectious viruses and can be experimented with relatively rigorous animal ethics, It is an optimal animal model that has completed the entire genome analysis.

In addition, proteomic analysis is a useful technique for identifying target-oriented biomarkers through analysis of protein body big data. No attempts have been made to analyze the protein body changes by infecting Norovirus with zebrafish to date.

Numerous papers and patent documents are referenced and cited throughout this specification. The disclosures of the cited papers and patent documents are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety to better understand the state of the art to which the present invention pertains and the content of the present invention.

The present inventors have found that a method for detecting norovirus capable of distinguishing between non-infectious norovirus and infectious type norovirus and a method for detecting Norovirus , Hepatitis A Virus , and Rotavirus , which are food poisoning- And to develop a natural plant-derived material that can neutralize the plant. As a result, the present inventors completed the present invention by preparing a method for detecting infectious norovirus using zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and a composition for the treatment of intestinal virus.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting norovirus.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an antiviral screening method.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a composition for neutralization of enteric virus infection.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, claims and drawings.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting norovirus by the norovirus (Norovirus) animal model, comprising the steps of:

(a) administering norovirus to a zebrafish ( Danio rerio , zebrafish); And

(b) the degree of expression of a gene or protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a (heat shock protein 90a), HSC71 (heat shock cognate 71) and Tfr-1b (transferrin receptor-1b) from the zebrafish of step Detecting step

The present inventors to neutralize the non-infected-type furnace of the virus and infection type minister to the furnace caused the norovirus detection method and the food poisoning which can not distinguish viruses Norovirus, A hepatitis viruses (Hepatitis A Virus), and rotavirus (Rotavirus) And to develop natural plant-derived materials that can As a result, the present inventors have produced a method for detecting infectious norovirus using zebrafish and a composition for neutralizing viral intestinal virus.

The method for detecting norovirus of the present invention will be described step by step.

Step (a): administration of Norovirus

First, the norovirus is administered to the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ).

The Norovirus refers to the Norwalk virus species of Caliciviridae and the family Norovirus genus.

The Norovirus is an infectious Norovirus or a Noninfectious Norovirus.

The method for detecting norovirus of the present invention can distinguish between infectious norovirus and non-infectious norovirus. That is, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of the infectious strain of the virus from a sample containing infectious norovirus and non-infectious norovirus.

One of the main features of the Norovirus detection method of the present invention is to use zebrafish.

Since the Norovirus does not currently contain cells that can not be cultured, the present invention first provides a model of Norovirus infection using zebrafish.

The term "administering" as used herein means a method of injecting a dose of norovirus into Zeppelin, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a norepinephrine Intraarterial, intratumoral, intraperitoneal, intracerebral, intraclass, intranasal, rectal, pharyngeal, intraocular, or intramuscular injection.

Step (b): Detecting the expression level of gene or protein

Next, the degree of expression of a gene or protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b is detected from the zebrafish of the step (a).

The present invention detects infectious Norovirus through zebrafish proteins, HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b, which are overexpressed by infection with the Norovirus.

If the expression of a gene or protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b of the zolpovirus infected with the Norovirus is up-regulated, it is judged to be infected with an infectious strain of Norovirus. Conversely, when the expression of the gene or protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b is comparable to that of the control (norovirus noninflammatory group), it is judged to be infected with the uninfected norovirus.

The term "up-regulation" as used herein to refer to a gene or protein refers to the level of expression of the gene or protein in a sample (e. G., Homogenized zebrafish tissue) Or higher than the degree of protein expression.

In the determination of the Norovirus infection of the present invention, the up-regulation means that the expression level is increased by at least 1.1 times, 1.3 times or 1.5 times.

In the present invention, the expression level of the gene or protein can be detected by various methods known in the art.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step (b) is carried out by gene amplification or an antigen-antibody reaction method.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the step (b) is carried out by an antigen-antibody reaction method. In this case, an antibody or an aptamer that specifically binds to a protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b is used. As used herein, the term "antibody" refers to a specific protein molecule directed against an antigenic site. For purposes of the present invention, the antibody refers to an antibody that specifically binds to the marker of the present invention (a protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b) or a constituent protein of the marker, Monoclonal antibodies and recombinant antibodies. The antigen-antibody reaction system has the same meaning as the immunoassay system.

The polyclonal antibody can be produced by a method well known in the art for obtaining serum containing the antibody by injecting the marker protein antigen into the animal and collecting it from the animal. Such polyclonal antibodies can be prepared from any animal species host, such as goats, rabbits, sheep, monkeys, horses, pigs, small dogs, and the like.

The monoclonal antibody may be prepared by a hybridoma method (see Kohler and Milstein, European Jounal of Immunology 6: 511-519, 1976) or a phage antibody library (Clackson et al. Nature, 352: 624 -628, 1991; Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222: 58, 1-597, 1991).

The antibody prepared by the above method can be isolated and purified by gel electrophoresis, dialysis, salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, and the like. In addition, the antibodies of the present invention include functional fragments of antibody molecules as well as complete forms with two full-length light chains and two full-length heavy chains. A functional fragment of an antibody molecule refers to a fragment having at least an antigen binding function, and includes Fab, F (ab ') 2, F (ab') 2 and Fv.

When the method of the present invention is carried out using an antibody or an aptamer, the present invention can be carried out according to a conventional immunoassay method and used to detect norovirus.

Such immunoassay can be carried out according to various quantitative or qualitative immunoassay methods developed conventionally and used to detect norovirus. The immunoassay format may be an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a capture-ELISA, a radioimmunoassay (RIA), a radioimmunodiffusion, an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion assay, Immunoprecipitation Assay, Complement Fixation Assay, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS), Protein Chip, etc., are available. However, The method of analysis of the present invention is not limited by the above examples. Methods of immunoassay or immunostaining are described in Enzyme Immunoassay, E. T. Maggio, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1980; Gaastra, W., Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 1, Walker, J.M. ed., Humana Press, NJ, 1984; And Ed Harlow and David Lane, Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference.

The step of detecting the expression level of the gene or protein is carried out on days 1-5 after infecting the zebrafish with Norovirus.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the step is carried out 2-4 days after the Norovirus infection.

According to another embodiment of the invention, said step is carried out on the third day after the Norovirus infection.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antiviral screening method for norovirus using an Norovirus animal model comprising the steps of:

(a) infecting the zebrafish with Norovirus; And

(b) administering an antiviral agent candidate for the Norovirus to the zebrafish of step (a); And

(c) detecting the degree of expression of a gene or protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b from the zebrafish of the step (b) to determine the efficacy of the antiviral agent candidate.

Since the antiviral screening method of the present invention uses the above described norovirus detection method, the description common to the two is omitted in order to avoid the excessive complexity of the present specification.

Step (a): administration of Norovirus

First, zebrafish is administered with Norovirus. The step (a) is the same as the step (a) of the above-mentioned method for detecting norovirus.

Step (b): Administration of the antiviral candidate substance

Next, the antiviral agent candidate for the Norovirus is administered to the zebrafish of step (a).

Such antiviral candidate substances include, but are not limited to, low molecular weight compounds, high molecular weight compounds, nucleic acid molecules (e.g. DNA, RNA, PNA and aptamer), proteins, sugars, lipids and the like.

Step (c): determination of the efficacy of the antiviral candidate substance

Next, the degree of expression of the gene or protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr-1b is detected from the zebrafish of the step (b) to determine the efficacy of the antiviral agent candidate.

When the level of expression of a gene or protein selected from the group consisting of HSP90a, HSC71 and Tfr is down-regulated by administering an antiviral agent candidate to the zebrafish of step (a), the antiviral agent The candidate substance is judged to have an antiviral effect on norovirus.

The term " down-regulation "as used herein to refer to a gene or protein refers to the level of expression of the gene or protein in a sample (e.g., homogenized zebrafish tissue) Or the degree of protein expression is low. In determining an antiviral candidate for the Norovirus of the present invention, the down-regulation means that the amount of expression is reduced by at least 1.1 times, at least 1.3 times, or at least 1.5 times.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composition for neutralization of an enteric virus infection comprising Concanavalin A (Con A) as an active ingredient.

As used herein, the term " neutralization "means that an anti-viral agent (e.g., concanavalin A) binds to a site having a biological activity of the virus or its product to inhibit viral infection of the cell.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the enteric virus is Norovirus, Hepatitis A virus (HAV) or Rota virus .

The concha or valine A binds to norovirus.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the concanavalin A has Norovirus and a K _D value of 3.75 * 10 < ^-7 > M.

The concanavalin A binds to norovirus and neutralizes the norovirus.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the concanavalin A neutralizes 70-100% of norovirus.

Concanavalin A of the present invention inhibits the expression of tfr-1b protein of zebrafish against norovirus infection.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the concanavalin A inhibits the expression of tfr-1b (Transferrin receptor-1b) of zebrafish.

Concona or valine A binds to hepatitis A virus.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the concanavalin A binds between the VP1 domain (Viral Protein 1 domain) of the hepatitis A virus and the VP2 domain.

The binding of the concanavalin A and the hepatitis A virus has a K _D value of 1.28 * 10 ^-6 M.

Concona or valine A binds to hepatitis A virus and neutralizes the hepatitis A virus.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the concanavalin A neutralizes 80-100% hepatitis A virus.

The concha or valine A binds to rotavirus to neutralize the rotavirus.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the concha or valine A neutralizes 60-90% rotavirus.

The features and advantages of the present invention are summarized as follows:

(a) provides a norovirus (Norovirus) Antiviral screening method for detecting norovirus method and norovirus using the animal model of the invention.

(b) The method for detecting norovirus of the present invention can distinguish between infectious norovirus and non-infectious norovirus.

(c) The present invention provides a composition for neutralization of enteric virus infection comprising Concanavalin A as an active ingredient.

(d) The composition of the present invention can neutralize food poisoning virus.

1 shows the results of confirming the possibility of distinguishing infectious and noninfectious Norovirus through gene amplification reaction.
Figure 2 schematically illustrates protein changes using IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) analysis based on proteins analyzed through proteome analysis.
3A and 3B show the results of western blot analysis of changes in expression of HSP90 alpha (Heat Shock Protein 90 alpha) and HSC 71 (Heat Shock Cognate 71) of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) infected with the infectious strain of Norovirus.
FIGS. 4A to 4D show the results of confirming the possibility of biomarkers of HSP90α, HSC71 and Tfr-1b by treating HSP090α inhibitor (17AAG) and HSC71 inhibitor (KNK437).
FIG. 5 shows Western blot analysis of changes in the expression of HSP90α and HSC71 in zebrafish infected with the non-infectious Norovirus.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show Western blot results of changes in the expression of HSP90α, HSC71 and Tfr-1b in zebrafish administered with infectious norovirus and Con A, respectively.
FIG. 7 shows the result of confirming binding affinity by treating Con A with an ARG2 (Amine Reactive 2nd Generation Biosensor) chip with HAV (Hepatitis A virus) immobilized thereon.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show the inhibition of HAV infection by Con A against Frhk-4 cells infected with HAV.
9A and 9B show the coupling structure of Con A and HAV.
FIG. 10 shows the results of RT-PCR for the binding of Con A and norovirus.
Fig. 11 shows the result of confirming binding affinity by treating Con A with ARG2 chip immobilized with norovirus.
Fig. 12 shows the results of comparing the binding affinity of the antibody against ConA and Norovirus.
Figure 13 shows the results of comparing epitopes of antibodies against Norovirus and Con A.
Fig. 14 shows the results of confirming the binding of Con A and rotavirus.
Fig. 15 shows the result of rotavirus neutralization of Con A.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for describing the present invention in more detail and that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments in accordance with the gist of the present invention .

Example 1: Identification of Norovirus by PCR

The human-infected Norovirus (Genotype GII-4) was heated at a temperature of 50 ° C to 90 ° C for 10 minutes, and RNA was obtained. RNA isolation was carried out using TRIzol (Invitrogen) and according to the general RNA manufacturing protocol (Chomczynski P, Mackey K. Short technical report, Modification of the TRIzol reagent procedure for isolation of RNA from Polysaccharide- and proteoglycan-rich sources. Biotechniques 19 (6): 942-945, 1995). Trizol (700 μl) was placed in a 1.5 ml tube, lightly vortexed, and 200 μl of chloroform was vortexed and left for 5 minutes. Centrifuged at 12,000 * g for 15 minutes at 4 ° C, and the supernatant was transferred to a new 1.5-ml tube. The same volume of isopropanol was vortexed at each time and allowed to stand for 10 minutes. The supernatant was removed by centrifugation at 12,000 g for 10 minutes at 4 ° C, and 500 μl of 75% ethanol was added to each well and lightly vortexed. After centrifugation at 7,500 * g for 5 minutes at 4 ° C, supernatant was removed and RNA was obtained using 10 μl of RNase-free water. 10 [mu] l of the obtained RNA was mixed with 1 [mu] l of a random primer (Random primer) 4 μl of M_MLV RTase reaction buffer, 2 μl of 5 * DTT, 2 μl of dNTP, 0.5 μl of RNase inhibitor and 1 μl of M_MLV RTase were mixed together and reacted at 65 ° C. for 10 minutes and at 37 ° C. for 1 hour at 72 ° C. for 5 minutes . PCR primer (Bioneer) was added with 16 μl of DNase-free water, 1 μl of forward primer and reverse primer, and 2 μl of synthesized cDNA was reacted with each other to perform RT-PCR. The PCR conditions were 95 ° C for 5 minutes, 40 cycles of 95 ° C for 30 seconds, 55 ° C for 30 seconds, 72 ° C for 45 seconds, and a final extension of 72 ° C for 5 minutes.

As shown in FIG. 1, the result of electrophoresis on RT-PCR after heat treatment of norovirus at 50-90 ° C was confirmed to be a genetic product of heat-treated non-infectious Norovirus. Therefore, it was confirmed that genetic amplification can not distinguish between infectious and non - infectious Norovirus.

Example 2: Screening for biomarker candidates for infectious norovirus

Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) purchased from the local aquarium was placed in a 1 L water tank using RO (Reverse Osmosis) system. 400 mg of Tricaine (Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate salt, Sigma) reagent used in fish anesthesia and 2.1 ml of 1 M Tris were dissolved in 97.9 ml of distilled water, and an anesthetic solution titrated to pH 7 was prepared Respectively. 4.2 ml of this anesthetic solution was dissolved in 100 ml of RO system water to anesthetize the fish. Twenty microliters (titer 1 * 10 ⁶ copies) of diluted Norovirus (Genotype GII-4) in sterile PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) and sterile PBS prepared beforehand with anesthetized zebrafish are added to the zebrafish . Protease inhibitor 1: 200, Phosphate inhibitor 1: 100 concentration was prepared by dissolving buffer (Tris 10 mM, EDTA 2 mM, NaCl 150 mM, Triton X-100 10% , And each was dispensed into a 1.5 ml tube, and the zebrafish was rapidly cooled in liquid nitrogen and placed in a prepared 1.5 ml tube. The zebrafish was cut into small tissues using sterilized dissecting scissors, and the zebrafish was homogenized using a homogenizer. All this work was done on ice. The homogenized zebrafish tissue was vortexed every 5 minutes and reacted on ice for 20 minutes. Thereafter, centrifugation was carried out at 15,000 rpm, 13 minutes, and 4 ° C to obtain a supernatant. Zebrafish was sampled by date to extract proteins and protein changes were identified as Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Protein analysis was used to identify protein changes in zebrafish, the most prominent infectious third day infection.

As shown in FIG. 2, which shows the protein change using IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) analysis based on analyzed proteins, several important factors among many proteins were identified through protein analysis. Among them, HSP90α (Heat Shock Protein 90α ), HSC71 (Heat Shock cognate 71) and Tfr (Transferrin receptor) were overexpressed by the infectious strain of norovirus.

Example 3 Identification of Biomarker Candidate for Infectious Norovirus

A biomarker was identified according to the result of FIG. 2 in which proteins of zebrafish infected with human infection-type Norovirus were obtained and the protein changes were analyzed. Each 30 제 of zebrafish protein was loaded with SDS-gel, and proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane (Immobilon-P, Millipore). Each membrane was blocked with TBST (1% Tween 20 TBS) mixed with 5% skim milk for 1 hour. HSC71 (anti-HSC71 antibody, Rabbit, Cell Signaling), HSP90α (anti-HSP90α antibody, Rabbit Anaspec), Tfr-1b (anti-Tfr-1b antibody, Rabbit, Anaspec) The mixture was mixed at a concentration of 1: 1000 in TBST and reacted overnight in the refrigerated room. The cells were washed three times with TBST for 10 min, and then the secondary antibody (Polyclonal Goat, anti-rabbit immunoglobulins HRP, Dako) was added at a concentration of 1: 2000 in TBST mixed with 5% And reacted for 2 hours. Thereafter, the cells were washed with 5 times of TBST for 5 minutes, and then reacted with a Western blot substrate (Luminata Crescendo, Millipore) to confirm the protein change.

Figures 3a and 3b show the results of biomarker expression of HSP90 alpha and HSC71 through Western blot by date. On the third day of infection, the protein expression of the Mock (sterilized PBS inoculation group) and Norovirus infection group was most significantly distinguished, and the expression level on the 4th day of infection was greatly reduced in both the Mock group and the Norovirus infection group. Therefore, the zebrafish protein on the third day of norovirus infection was used to confirm the possibility of using the HSP90α and HSC71 inhibitors, which are thought to be biomarkers, as markers. Figures 4a and 4b show the results of decreasing protein expression increased by norovirus infection through the inhibitor of HSP90 alpha inhibitor (17AAG, Sigma) and HSC71 (KNK437, Sigma), confirming its function as a biomarker. In addition, when the Tfr-1b (Transferrin receptor 1b and Anaspec) antibody was used, the protein was expressed in the norovirus-infected group. When the HSP90 alpha inhibitor and the HSC71 inhibitor were treated together, the protein expression was decreased, but the protein expression was still confirmed (Figures 4c and 4d).

Example 4: Confirmation of zebrafish infection of norovirus

Norovirus was infected into zebrafish by heating for 10 minutes for 10 minutes, with no-infection norovirus. On the third day of infection, proteins were extracted from zebrafish and subjected to Western blotting to confirm protein changes. The expression of both HSP90α and HSC71 was increased in Norovirus and WT (Wild type) Norovirus treated with heat at 50 ℃. However, Norovirus heat treated at 70 ℃ and 90 ℃ was similar to zebrafish inoculated with PBS Lt; / RTI > Therefore, it was confirmed that HSP90α and HSC71 are biomarkers capable of distinguishing human infectious and non-infectious Noroviruses. In addition, the expression of Tfr-1b was confirmed to be a more reliable biomarker than HSP90α and HSC71, since the protein was expressed only in the group treated with 50 ° C heat treatment and WT norovirus infection.

Example 5 Conversion of Con A to Norovirus

Twenty microliters of diluted Norovirus in sterile PBS (phosphate buffered saline) and sterile PBS previously prepared with anesthetized zebrafish using anesthetic solution was administered to the zebrafish peritoneal cavity. In addition, 100 μg / ml of Con A (concanavalin A, Sigma) was reacted with human-infected Norovirus (Genotype GII-4, titer 1 × 10 ⁶ copies, reaction at room temperature for 1 hour using a rotor) Twenty microliters of zebrafish peritoneal fluid was administered. Three days after infection, zebrafish proteins were obtained and subjected to Western blotting.

The group infected with Norovirus only showed about two-fold increase in the expression of HSP90 alpha and HSC71 (FIG. 6A). However, zebrafish proteins infected with Norovirus with Con A were expressed in similar amounts to those in the group infected with sterile PBS alone. In addition, the Tfr-1b antibody tended to be different from the zebrafish infected with Con A when treated with the inhibitor. That is, the transferrin receptor was not expressed (FIG. 6B). This is thought to have an effect of inhibiting the Norovirus infection itself.

Example 6: Combination of HAV and Con A

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is used as a cell line to inhibit the infection mechanism because it is infected and cultured in FRhk-4 cell (Rhesus monkey kidney, ATCC). FRhk-4 cells were cultured in media prepared by adding 10% FBS (Fetal bovine serum, WELGENE) and 1% penicillin streptomycin (Sigma) to DMEM (Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium, WELGENE) medium. FRhk-4 cells were inoculated into a 96-well plate at 8 * 10 ³ cells / well and infected when they became about 80-90% confluent after 24 hours. HAV was added to 1 * 10 ⁵ units / well and the same amount of HAV was added to each well by reacting with Con A at a concentration of 100 μg / ml. Virus-treated FRhk-4 cells harbored RNA by date and confirmed HAV copy. RNA isolation was carried out according to the method of Example 1.

After binding the hepatitis A virus to the ARG2 chip, binding affinity was determined for each concentration of Con A, and it was confirmed that Norovirus binds to the fixed chip as the concentration of Con A increases (FIG. 7). The HAV-infected group was not significantly changed until the 5th day of infection, but increased to 2 * 3 days at 6 days of infection and at 7 days of infection, and cloned to 3.3 * 10 ⁶ units (FIGS. 8A and 8B). However, Con A was lower than that inoculated with 2.7 * 10 ⁴ units in the group infected with HAV. In addition, the image of the cells showed a cytopathic effect (CPE) in the group treated with HAV, but no CPE in the group treated with Con A. It is thought that Con A plays a role in inhibiting replication by interfering with intracellular penetration of HAV.

Con A binds between the HAV VP1 (structure-forming protein) domain and the VP2 domain, and the domain N-terminal of HAV VP2 binds two molecules of Con A to stabilize the structural bond (FIG. 9).

Example 7: Binding of Norovirus and Con A

Confirmation of binding of Norovirus to Con A was confirmed by RT-PCR and BLI (Biolayer interferometry) analysis. The Ct value for each Norovirus concentration was obtained by RT-PCR for Norovirus concentration. Sepharose 4B resin (25 ㎎ Con A / ㎖; 100 ㎕ Con A conjugated to norovirus at each concentration. C7275, Sigma) were mixed and reacted for 10 minutes. After the reaction, the resin was centrifuged (2000 g, 3 min, 4 ° C) to remove supernatant, and the resin was washed three times with PBS solution for RT-PCR.

BLI analysis was performed using BLItz system (ForteBio Inc., CA) with Amine reactive biosensors (ARG2) chip and Protein A chip. The ARG2 chip was immobilized on ARG2 chip, and the binding was confirmed by Con A concentration of 0-10 μM. The initial reference value was 30 mM EDC (1-ethyl-3- ( 3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide, 10 mM s-NHS (sulfo-N-hydroxysuccinimide), 240 sec; Loading: Norovirus dissolved in NaOAc (pH 4), 360 sec; Blocking: 1 M ethanolamine (pH 8.5), 240 sec; Reference value: 10 mM PBS (pH 7.4), 60 sec; Association: Con A dissolved in PBS, 180 sec; Dissociation: performed in 10 mM PBS (pH 7.4) for 240 seconds. The sensorgrams are presented in Figures 10 and 11 using the data analysis software 7.1.0.36 with reference values (60 seconds), combining (180 seconds) and dissociation (240 seconds).

A competitive reaction experiment was conducted to confirm whether the antibody against norovirus and the binding site of Con A were the same or different from each other. After the antibody was immobilized on the protein A chip, Con A, norovirus, norovirus And Con A (0.1 uM, 5 uM), respectively. The experimental method of Protein A chip is based on initial reference value: PBS, 30 sec; Loading: Antibody dissolved in PBS, 120 sec; Reference value: 10 mM PBS (pH 7.4), 60 sec; Combination: sample of Figure 12 dissolved in PBS, 120 sec; Dissociation: 10 mM PBS (pH 7.4) was performed for 300 seconds. The sensorgrams are presented in Figure 12 using baseline (60 sec), association (120 sec) and dissociation (300 sec) sections using data analysis software 7.1.0.36.

FIG. 10 shows the results of RT-PCR to confirm whether Con A and norovirus are bound. When the Ct values of Norovirus recovered with Con A conjugated Sepharose 4B resin against Norovirus at a concentration of 1 * 10 ³ to 1 * 10 ⁸ copies / ml were compared, the Ct value decreased When the Ct value of each Norovirus concentration and the Ct value of Norovirus recovered with Con A-conjugated Sepharose resin were compared, an average recovery of 94.1% was confirmed.

FIG. 11 shows binding affinity for Con A concentration after Norovirus was fixed on ARG2 chip. It was confirmed that Norovirus binds to a fixed chip as Con A concentration increases. The antibody and Con A were immobilized on the ARG2 chip, respectively, and a sensorgram indicating the binding of norovirus was confirmed (FIG. 12). Comparing the antibody and Con A sensorgrams for the same Norovirus concentration, Con A was found to bind to Norovirus three times more strongly than the antibody.

Fig. 13 shows the result of confirming whether the binding portion of the antibody and norovirus binds to the binding portion of Con A and norovirus, or binds to the other binding portion. After the Norovirus antibody was immobilized on Protein A chip, Con A, Norovirus and Norovirus were mixed with Con A in 0.1 μM and 5 μM, respectively. As a result, it was confirmed that Norovirus, which is a positive control, binds to the chip with antibody attached at 0.23 ㎚. Con A, which is a negative control, did not bind Con A with the antibody. From these results, it was confirmed that the binding of the antibody to the concentration of Norovirus used in the experiment was obtained, and the binding between Con A and the antibody was not observed. Next, 0.1 μM and 5 μM of Con A and Norovirus were mixed with each other to a chip with antibody attached to 0.2 ㎚, which was almost similar to that of positive control. In addition, although Con A binds to Norovirus, it is believed that Norovirus binds to the antibody-attached chip because the binding site for Con A and antibody to norovirus is different.

Example 8: Binding of rotavirus and Con A

To determine whether rotavirus binds to Con A, a virus probe is constructed by connecting a biotinylated Con A to streptavidin linked to a magnetic bead. The method of biotinylating Con A begins by transferring 100 μl of Con A (1 mg / ml) to the reaction tube (component C) starting from the labeling reaction. One-tenth of 1 M sodium bicarbonate was added and mixed by pipetting. 1 μl of biotin-XX SSE was added, mixed, and reacted at room temperature for 15 minutes. The next step was to fill the upper chamber with gel resin to separate biotinylated Con A, fill the column with 800 μl of resin and centrifuge at 16,000 G for 15 seconds. Fill the resin using a centrifuge. After washing the resin with PBS solution, Con A reactant bound to biotin is put into a spin column containing resin and centrifuged at 16,000 G for 1 minute to obtain a reaction product. The reacted biotinylated Con A is coupled with streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads to form a virus probe. The procedure is as follows. Rotavirus was added to the tubes containing the virus probes and reacted at room temperature for 10 minutes. After the immunological reaction, the portion of the antigen-lectin linkage between the magnetic beads bound to Con A is attached to the magnet. Con A conjugated magnetic bead conjugate was washed three times with 200 μl of PBS to remove nonspecifically bound impurities and then suspended in 100 μl PBS and transferred to a new 1.5 ml tube to remove the supernatant. (50 mM glycine, pH 2.8) and neutralized to pH 7.5 with 100 mM Tris solution to isolate the antigen-Con A conjugate attached to the streptavidin in the new tube. Then, RT-PCR is performed to confirm the isolation of rotavirus.

RT-PCR was performed on the eluted products to determine whether rotavirus could be detected by immunoprecipitation using magnetic beads. The rotavirus primers used for PCR were RoV_VP4_F (5'-ATT TCG GAC CAT TTA TAA CC-3 ') and RoV_VP4_R (5'-TGG CTT CGC CAT TTT ATA GAC A-3 '), And the size of the PCR product amplified through the primer is 877 bp.

RoV PCR conditions for virus identification are as follows. RoV PCR conditions: denaturation at 94 占 폚 for 30 seconds, annealing at 55 占 폚 for 30 seconds, elongation at 72 占 폚 for 30 seconds for 35 cycles, and final elongation at 72 占 폚 for 7 minutes. After RT-PCR, the PCR product was electrophoresed to identify the band.

FIG. 14 shows the result of performing electrophoresis by performing RT-PCR to confirm that Con A binds to rotavirus using magnetic beads bound thereto. After reaction with rotavirus, the recovered magnetic beads were desorbed using eluent, and the resulting solution was subjected to RT-PCR in one column. RT-PCR of the rotavirus solution in two columns. Column 3 is a negative control to ensure that the PCR was successful. As a result, the band was confirmed at 877 bp, the rotavirus amplification product, at the same position as the positive control group 2 in the first column. This confirms that Con A and rotavirus bind to each other.

Example 9: neutralization of rotavirus

Because Rotavirus is infected and cultured in MA-104 cells (Green monkey kidney, ATCC), it is used as a cell line that can suppress the infection mechanism. MA-104 cells were cultured in media prepared by adding 10% FBS (Fetal bovine serum, WELGENE) and 1% penicillin streptomycin (Sigma) to DMEM (Dulbecco Modified Eagle Medium, WELGENE) medium. MA-104 cells were inoculated into 96-well plates at a rate of 1 * 10 ⁴ cells / well and infected when they reached confluency of about 80-90% after 24 hours. Rotavirus was added at 1 * 10 ⁵ unit / well, and the same amount of rotavirus was added to each well at a reaction temperature of 100 μg / ml Con A for one hour at room temperature. Virus-treated MA-104 cells were obtained RNA by date and confirmed rotavirus copy (Copy). RNA isolation was carried out according to the method of Example 1.

In the group infected with rotavirus, there was no significant change until the 1st day of infection, but 1.5 log value was increased up to 2.7 * 10 ⁵ units until 3 days of infection and 5 days of infection. However, in the group with Con A infected with rotavirus, the log value decreased by 6.4 * 10 ⁴ units compared to the group infected with rotavirus. This is similar to that of HAV and Con A, and Con A inhibits the infection by neutralizing rotavirus (Fig. 15).

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the same is by way of illustration and example only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

Administering norovirus to zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) and infecting it.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the administration is intranasal, buccal, subcutaneous, intravascular, intraperitoneal, intracerebral, intraocular, intestinal or intramuscular administration.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the administration is carried out one or more times.
The method for culturing norovirus according to claim 1, wherein the culture is performed for 1 day to 14 days after norovirus infection.
 The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of infecting and infecting the Norovirus with the zebrafish comprises infecting the zebrafish with CKMT2, ENO3, ATP5, ATP5B, HSPA8, ATP2A1, KRT8, GAPDH, TF, GFAP, Factin, ACTN1 , ATP5B, HSPA8, ATP2A1, KRT8, GAPDH and TF by detecting the expression level of one or more genes or proteins selected from the group consisting of ACTA1, ACTA1, ACTA2, Actin and NME2 Wherein the degree of expression of the gene or protein is upregulated or the degree of expression of one or more genes or proteins selected from the group consisting of GFAP, Factin, ACTN1, ACTA1, ACTA2, Actin and NME2 is down-regulated, The method further comprising the step of determining that the virus is infected.

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