KR101733082B1 - Fast but efficient removal or recovery technology of extractable components from biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for simultaneously extracting water soluble components and oil soluble components from biomass using water and then recovering or removing biomass with minimal loss, and an apparatus for realizing the method thereof. The present invention can rapidly recover or remove extractable components of biomass such as fat soluble components and proteins, thereby increasing conversion efficiency of the manufacturing process. Also, pre-removal of substances that can act as impurities in a final product reduces manufacturing costs and enables efficient extraction, recovery, and concentration of fat-soluble materials without the use of costly organic solvents such as ethyl ether or nucleic acids.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for efficiently removing or recovering an extractable component from biomass,

The present invention relates to a method for simultaneously recovering water soluble components and oil soluble components from biomass using water, and then simply recovering or removing the biomass while minimizing loss of biomass.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a friction grinding step of a biomass in which water or a water and a hydrophobic solvent are added together to a biomass coarse ground to perform friction grinding; Separating the biomass for pretreatment from the biomass pulverized product in the form of a puddle through the friction grinding step and a mixture liquid of the aqueous solution containing the extractable component and the emulsion; An emulsion separation step of separating the aqueous solution and the emulsion from the mixed solution; And a liposoluble component-containing liquid separation step of separating the lipid-soluble component-containing liquid from the separated emulsion. The present invention also relates to a method for recovering an extractable component from a biomass.

Fossil fuels, such as petroleum and coal, which are constantly used by humankind to maintain their daily lives, have limited reserves and demand and supply prices are fluctuating according to the economic cycle. Such rapid changes in the price of fossil fuels have a profound effect on the entire industry, and efforts and investments have been made to replace them with renewable resources. An example of this is the commercialization of bio-alcohol as fuel for transportation using woody biomass, and commercial production has already started in the United States and other countries. The woody biomass resources used here are mainly corn stalks, straws, and sugar cane baskets, but most of them, including empty fruit bunch of oil palm, aphids, reeds, alfalfa, willow and poplar hybrids, Can be expanded to all plants. In recent years, the development of techniques for producing fermentation sugars at the level of industrial raw materials capable of producing all the biochemicals by fermentation using these woody biomass as a raw material has become a habit.

Among these biomass, palm pressed fiber and palm pressed fiber, which are considered to be one of the most important biomass resources in Southeast Asia, have a part of palm oil. When it is intended to produce bio-alcohol or fermented sugar using this palm by- Such lipid-soluble ingredients cling to the surface of a used machine such as grinder, high-pressure reactor and enzyme saccharification equipment make it difficult to use continuously, and not only the yield of the target substance is lowered but also the microorganisms which are intended to use such as fungi and bacteria are easily contaminated It causes a lot of problems. Due to these problems, it is known that there are cases where the application technique is limited by promoting the saponification reaction by using alkali such as sodium hydroxide for pretreatment (Hyunjin Jeon et al., 2014, Bioresource Technology). In addition, the extractable component contained in the biomass often acts as an obstacle, such as reducing the activity of the enzyme or acting as an impurity in the final object when producing bioalcohol or fermented sugar (Chan-Duck Jung et al ., 2013, Bioresource Technology). Particularly, when a drug is used to enhance the activity of the enzyme, or when a hemicellulose hydrolyzate produced in a pretreatment process performed at a high temperature is used as a raw material to produce an application product having a high added value, the extractable material is expensive cause.

On the other hand, various plants which can be used as biomass contain many functional materials for their own growth and propagation in the stem, leaf and roots. Many of them are not soluble in water, but they are soluble in vegetable oil and hydrophobic solvent Lt; / RTI > In particular, palm oil production by-products such as palm fronds and palm pulp fibers are known to contain a large amount of the functional substances or various vitamins. By extracting and purifying these materials in an appropriate way, it is estimated that the value added is much higher than the structural components such as cellulose, which is possessed by the biomass when it is converted into an industrial raw material, thereby greatly improving the profitability of the biomass industry (Chantal Bergeron et al., 2012 , Biorefinary Co-Products, Wiley).

Conventionally, in extracting an extractable component from a plant, a variety of methods can be used ranging from the most basic method of immersing a raw material in an excessive amount of hot water or boiling water, stirring the mixture for a certain period of time, and then extracting the mixture by compression and extraction, using supercritical carbon dioxide. It is common to use a hydrophobic solvent such as ethyl ether or nucleic acid to extract fat soluble components. However, in order to recover extractable components from biomass, which is used for the production of bioethanol or fermented sugars from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of tons per year, It is not preferable from the viewpoint of cost.

Meanwhile, Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2015-0117598, which relates to an apparatus and a method for simultaneously pulverizing cellulose-based biomass and enzyme blending in the prior art for producing a fermentation product or a useful substance by pulverizing biomass, And grinding biomass wet is described, but this is merely a device for mixing enzymes at the same time as pulverizing the biomass, and it is difficult to separate the solid phase from the liquid phase in the production of the fermentation product from the biomass Korean Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2015-0117598 concerning the technology is merely a technique for separating solid solution from a fermentation product, and JP-A-2013-163796 related to a method for producing a resin raw material from a lignocellulosic biomass The pulverized biomass and water are mixed to form a slurry, That by only a technique for producing the soluble resin, it is not described with respect from biomass how to effectively extract the water-soluble components and oil soluble components.

The inventors of the present invention found that when a biomass containing a small amount of vegetable oil is first wetted with water and physically rubbed or rubbed, the biomass is hydrated within a very short time, so that most of the water-soluble component dissolves in water, The emulsion of vegetable oil can be extracted at the same time, and the oil-soluble component of the biomass and the oil-soluble component including the vegetable oil can be extracted at the same time by using only the water, using the characteristic that the emulsion of vegetable oil contains various lipid soluble components. The present inventors completed the technique of the present invention in consideration of the fact that they are very small in size and can pass through a large-sized filter bag together with an aqueous solution.

Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0117598 Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2015-0014672 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2013-163796

Hyungjin Jeon et al., 2014, Production of anhydrous ethanol using oil palm empty fruit bunch in a pilot plant, Bioresource Technology, 67, 99-107. Chan-Duck Jung et al., 2013, Sugar yields from sunflower stalks treated by hydrothermolysis and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, Bioresource Technology, 138, 1-7. Chantal Bergeron et al., 2012, Biorefinery Co-Products, Wiley.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a method of extracting or removing extracted components easily while extracting a water-soluble component contained in a biomass and a lipid-soluble component including vegetable oil using water as a main extraction solvent and minimizing loss of biomass , An extracting device capable of implementing this method and a technique for using the same.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention relates to a method of extracting a water-soluble component-containing aqueous solution and a vegetable oil containing a fat-soluble component in the form of an emulsion by wetting and mechanically rubbing the biomass containing the vegetable oil, Water-soluble component and vegetable oil at the same time while minimizing the loss of biomass from the solid biomass by filtration with a filter cloth, which is capable of economically removing or recovering the water-soluble component, the oil-soluble component and the vegetable oil.

The present invention also relates to a biomass containing little vegetable oil and a small amount of a hydrophobic solvent together with water and mechanically rubbing to extract an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble component and an emulsion containing a fat-soluble component, The present invention provides a technique for economically recovering or removing a water-soluble component and a fat-soluble component simultaneously from a mass.

The present invention also relates to a method for frictionally pulverizing a biomass soaked in water with a friction mill to quickly emulsify the oil-soluble component in the form of an emulsion and recovering the emulsion by using a filtration device through which the emulsion discharged can pass And then concentrating the emulsion using a filtration device through which the emulsion can not pass, and a technique of using the same.

A method for simultaneously extracting and recovering or removing a water-soluble component and a lipid-soluble component from biomass using water by the method of the present invention is a method of extracting biomass such as fat-soluble components and proteins It is possible to increase the conversion efficiency of the manufacturing process by preliminarily recovering or removing the components in advance and to reduce the manufacturing cost of the object by preliminarily removing the substance which can act as impurities in the final product, It is possible to efficiently extract, recover and concentrate the lipophilic substance without using an expensive organic solvent such as nucleic acid.

In addition, by extracting the water-soluble component and the fat-soluble component from the biomass using water as a main extraction solvent at a rapid rate in the form of an aqueous solution and an emulsion, the extractable component is separated from the biomass particles It is possible to economically produce an intermediate material for the production of a useful substance having high added value, while at the same time producing structural components of biomass such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are good for further processing.

FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a method of easily extracting and removing a water-soluble component and a lipid-soluble component simultaneously from a biomass according to an embodiment of the present invention, and then further recovering a fat-soluble component at a high concentration.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The terms and words used in the present specification and claims should not be construed as limited to ordinary or dictionary terms and the inventor may appropriately define the concept of the term in order to best describe its invention It should be construed as meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention.

As used throughout this specification, the term "lipophilic component" refers to a chemical substance having good solubility in a hydrophobic solvent including vegetable oil in a conventional sense rather than water present in the biomass. Representative examples of lipid-soluble components present in all biomass such as empty fruit bunch, palm pressed fiber, corn stalk, sunflower stem, miscanthus, alfafa, red clover include carotenoids , Fat soluble vitamins such as tocopherol and tocotrienol, and various sterols such as cholesterol, cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol.

In the present invention, the term "vegetable oil" refers to palm oil contained in palm balls and palm pulp fibers, and soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, It means all vegetable fats that are liquid at normal temperature, such as oil.

The present invention relates to a friction grinding step of a biomass in which friction grinding is performed by adding water or a mixture of water and a hydrophobic solvent to a biomass coarse grind; Separating the biomass for pretreatment from the biomass pulverized product in the form of a puddle through the friction grinding step and a mixture liquid of the aqueous solution containing the extractable component and the emulsion; An emulsion separation step of separating the aqueous solution and the emulsion from the mixed solution; And a liposoluble component-containing liquid separation step of separating the lipid-soluble component-containing liquid from the separated emulsion. The present invention also relates to a method for recovering an extractable component from a biomass.

More specifically, the present invention is directed to a biomass containing a small amount of vegetable oil, or a biomass containing a useful component that does not contain vegetable oil but can be dissolved in a hydrophobic solvent. First, as a biomass containing a small amount of vegetable oil, there are an empty fruit bunch and a palm pressed fiber. According to the literature, these lipid-soluble components include various kinds of carotenes, fat-soluble vitamins such as tocopherol and tocotrienol, cholesterol and cholesterol, such as tocopherol and tocotrienol, And many other functional materials. Biomass which does not contain vegetable oil but contains a useful ingredient which can be dissolved in a hydrophobic solvent includes most of the biomass such as corn stalks, sunflower stalks, miscanthus, alfalfa and red clover. Among these biomass, the palm fronds and palm pulp fibers contain a small amount of palm oil, so they can be used as raw materials as they are shredded. Biomass, which does not contain any other vegetable oil, can be prepared by adding a small amount of a hydrophobic solvent such as vegetable oil And may be used as a raw material after mixing.

In the present invention, water added in the friction-type pulverization step may be soft water or non-ionized water (deionized water). More specifically, in the present invention, the solvent used for extracting lipid-soluble components including vegetable oil contained in the biomass is simple water, and it is preferable to use soft water which does not contain a large amount of water-soluble salts and does not greatly affect the emulsification of fat-soluble components. Hot water can be used to dissolve more of the water-soluble and lipid-soluble components of the biomass, and the temperature of the hot water is lower than 140 ^o C, where the hemicellulose in the biomass begins to hydrolyze and elute if the extractor can withstand pressure There are no special restrictions in temperature.

In the present invention, the hydrophobic solvent which can be added together with water in the friction-type pulverization step may be one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of plant oil, petroleum oil and fatty alcohol. have.

More specifically, in the present invention, a hydrophobic solvent added to promote the extraction of a lipid-soluble component from a biomass containing no vegetable oil is a plant oil, a petroleum oil, or the like, which can maintain a liquid state at room temperature or below 100 ^° C, And fatty alcohols. More specifically, in the present invention, all of the inexpensive and commercially available vegetable oils such as palm oil, soybean oil, corn oil, canola oil, and octanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol and oleyl alcohol can be used. Such a hydrophobic solvent may contain an emulsifying agent for enhancing emulsifying property. In order to improve the compatibility with biomass, an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran May be further contained.

In the present invention, when a small amount of a hydrophobic solvent is added to the biomass in order to extract a fat-soluble component from the biomass containing no vegetable oil, the amount of the hydrophobic solvent is preferably about 0.1 to 10% of the weight of the biomass. 5% is preferable.

In the present invention, when a hydrophobic solvent is added to a biomass in a small amount to extract a fat-soluble component from a biomass that does not contain vegetable oil, the biomass may be preliminarily mixed with the biomass or added in the extraction process. But is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, the biomass to extract the water-soluble component and the fat-soluble component at the same time has no restriction on the water content and the degree of crushing. In other words, both dry and wet biomass can be used, and both shredded and coarse-grained biomass can be used.

In the present invention, the friction-type pulverization step may be carried out by mixing the biomass coarse pulverization product with any one or a combination of two or more of a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder or a disk mill The friction-type pulverization can be performed.

More specifically, in the present invention, a friction mill capable of quickly and efficiently extracting an extractable component from a biomass can be used to rub or rub the biomass without rubbing it with water, A twin screw extruder, a single screw extruder, and a disc mill. Among them, twin screw extruder and disk mill are preferable in terms of promptness and efficiency, and twin screw extruder in which water or water and hydrophobic solvent are easily supplied to biomass is more preferable.

In the present invention, a screw combination for maximizing the frictional effect when using a twin screw extruder with a friction mill for quickly and efficiently extracting an extractable component from a biomass is preferred, comprising a plurality of kneading blocks and a mixing screw Is more preferable.

In the present invention, the step of separating the mixed liquid may be performed by using a combination of one or more of a filter press, a belt press, a screw press, and a centrifugal dehydrator, And the filtration using a filter cloth may be further performed in the extraction liquid separation step.

More specifically, in the present invention, in order to simultaneously recover an aqueous solution and an emulsion from a biomass puddle obtained by emulsifying vegetable oil containing a fat-soluble component by friction-type pulverization together with a water-soluble component aqueous solution, A device with a filtering mesh may be used. The size of the emulsion particles formed by the friction milling can not be specifically limited, but usually the diameter is several tens of microns or less (for example, 20 microns or less). Therefore, a device having a mesh, a screen or a filter through which the emulsion particles of this size can pass is preferable. Examples thereof include a filter press, a belt press, a screw press, and a centrifugal dehydrator. Among them, the filter press, the belt press and the centrifugal dehydrator are free from the selection of the filter cloth to control the loss rate of the biomass particles while passing the emulsion particles, and the energy consumption is not large, which is preferable for the solid-liquid separation of the biomass. On the other hand, the screw press has a large loss of biomass because the size of the sieve mesh is usually 0.15 mm or more, allowing the emulsion particles to pass through, but passing through fine biomass particles. Therefore, when the solid-liquid separation is performed using the screw press, it is preferable to add a process of treating the extract with a filter press, a belt press, and a centrifugal dehydrator in order to recover the biomass using the sieve. The centrifuge separates most of the biomass and emits most of the emulsion on the upper layer, which is effective for separation of the emulsion particles, but requires a long time for sufficient separation and consumes a large amount of electrical energy. Therefore, when the centrifugal separator is used for solid-liquid separation, it is preferable to add a process of moving the supernatant liquid floating the fine particles by a filter press or a centrifugal dehydrator by moving the biomass particles for a short period of time.

In the present invention, microfiltration can be performed in the step of separating the emulsion from the mixture of the aqueous solution and the emulsion, and the step of separating the lipid soluble component from the separated emulsion can be carried out by adding an organic solvent to the separated emulsion Microfiltration or centrifugal separation may be performed. The organic solvent may be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, acetone and tetrahydrofuran, ≪ / RTI >

More specifically, the extract recovered in the form of an aqueous solution and an emulsion from the biomass as described above is separated from the biomass having a large particle size, while containing most of the water-soluble component and the fat-soluble component in the biomass. The present invention provides a method for separating and recovering this large amount of an extract into an aqueous solution and a high concentration emulsion. That is, the extract is further microfiltrated and further fractionated into a clear aqueous solution and a highly concentrated lipid-soluble substance-containing emulsion with fine biomass particles.

The high-concentration emulsion containing a large amount of the lipid-soluble substance fractioned in the present invention can be dissolved in a solvent for further purification, and then the biomass particles can be separated and removed by centrifugation or microfiltration. The organic solvent to be mixed with water is preferably a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, acetone or tetrahydrofuran, Can be used in particular. At this time, the fine filter and the centrifugal separator may be used for the separation process.

As described above, the present invention provides a method for processing biomass in multiple stages in order to efficiently extract, recover or remove water-soluble and lipid-soluble substances contained in the biomass by using a solvent in a rapid and efficient manner. The following is an explanation. That is,

1) adding water to the crude pulverized biomass and simultaneously extracting the water-soluble component and the fat-soluble component by friction-type pulverization;

And 2) separating, recovering or removing the aqueous solution and the emulsion from the biomass in a clogged state, together with removing the extractable material from the biomass.

In addition,

3) separating a large volume of aqueous solution and a small amount of high concentration emulsion-fine biomass particle mixture from the extract recovered from the biomass;

4) Separating and recovering a fat-soluble component from the emulsion and the micro-biomass mixture in the form of a small amount of a solution, further providing a method for economically recovering the liposoluble material from the biomass.

In order to effectively extract both the water-soluble component and the fat-soluble component from the biomass by friction milling in step 1 of the present invention, it is important to use a sufficient amount of water so that the fat-soluble component can be easily emulsified and eluted from the biomass, And water may range from 1: 3 to 1:20. In order to efficiently emulsify and dissolve water-soluble components and lipid-soluble components while physically rubbing the biomass to disintegrate the tissues, a proper ratio of biomass to water should be maintained. If the ratio of water is too small, the solvent effect decreases, If it is too large, frictional force between biomass decreases and it can not provide sufficient emulsification energy. Therefore, the ratio of biomass to water of 1: 3 to 1:10, preferably 1: 3 to 1: 6 is used for the extraction of the water-soluble component and the fat-soluble component in the friction mill and then the recovery of the aqueous solution and the emulsion It is preferable to add a sufficient amount of water just before. It is also desirable to use hot water to accelerate hydration of biomass, breakage of tissues, dissolution of water-soluble components and emulsification of fat-soluble components in a friction mill, and when the pressure can be controlled, It is preferable that the temperature does not exceed 140 < ⁰ > C, the temperature at which hemicellulose begins to hydrolyze.

When the twin screw extruder is used as the friction mill for the extraction of the biomass in the step 1 of the present invention, an appropriate number of kneading blocks and a mixing screw are used to maximize the frictional force while minimizing the grinding effect. Is preferable. Although the combination of the screw is closely related to the type of biomass and the size of the machine, it is desirable to minimize the degree of grinding within a range in which the extraction efficiency as measured experimentally is maximized in order to reduce the loss rate of the biomass in the subsequent process.

Step 2 of the present invention is a step of separating and recovering an aqueous solution and an emulsion from a biomass in a clogged state. In order to maximize the recovery rate of the extractable component, a sufficient amount of water is added to the clam. The amount of water required can be adjusted according to the method of recovery of the extract and the target recovery rate. That is, in order to recover 90% of the extract, if the water content of the solid after the solid-liquid separation reaches 50%, water may be added and mixed so that 10 times as much water as the solid is contained in the puddle.

As described above, there are a filter press, a belt press, a centrifugal dehydrator, a screw press, and a centrifuge. . The filter press, the belt press and the centrifugal dehydrator can be used alone, but it is preferable that the screw press and the centrifugal separator are used in combination with the filter press, the belt press and the centrifugal dehydrator as described above. Filter presses, belt presses and centrifugal dehydrators use filter cloths with holes of various sizes to hold solids, so that the hole size of the filter cloth must be properly selected so that the passage of emulsified particles is free, but the biomass particles are not passed through. In the present invention, a filter cloth having a hole capable of catching biomass particles having a size larger than that of an aqueous solution and an emulsion is used. A filter cloth having a diameter of 5 to 50 microns is preferable, and a filter cloth of 5 to 15 microns is more preferable Do.

Soluble components and lipid-soluble components can be extracted or removed from the biomass containing lipid-soluble components at the same time as step 1 and step 2 of the present invention, so that the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation process can be smoothly performed. The method further comprises a step of processing the recovered fat soluble component into an intermediate raw material so as to be used for manufacturing a higher value added material.

That is, Step 3 of the present invention is a step of separating the extract recovered from the biomass into a mixture of most aqueous solution and a small amount of high concentration emulsion / fine biomass particles. In this step, a filtration device capable of passing only the aqueous solution and filtering out the emulsion particles and the biomass particles can be used. The most suitable equipment here is a microfiltration device having micropores of micrometers or less, and a microfiltration device having a pore size of 0.01 micron to 0.1 micron is preferable.

Step 4 of the present invention is a step of separating and collecting a fat-soluble component from an emulsion and a micro-biomass mixture in the form of a small amount of a solution, dissolving the emulsion and the biomass mixture in a water-soluble solvent such as alcohol and then performing microfiltration or centrifugation . The emulsion obtained in step 3 contains water-soluble components and biomass microparticles in addition to fat-soluble components and often consists of many bubbles. When a water-soluble solvent is added and mixed, the emulsion is destroyed and separated into a water-containing layer containing the biomass particles and a lipophilic component layer containing the liposoluble substance. When the water-soluble solvent is further added, all of the fine biomass particles are dissolved. Thereafter, the biomass is removed by microfiltration or centrifugation to obtain a solution containing a fat-soluble component.

The solution containing this lipophilic component can then be used to produce high value-added materials such as carotene, tocopherol and the like by applying conventional separation and purification techniques such as adsorption chromatography.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on the following examples. However, the following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example  One. Twin  Screw Extruder and  Palm using filter press From the room  Simultaneous removal or recovery of water-soluble components and fat-soluble components

The empty fruit bunch of oil palm (supplied from Korindo Group, Indonesia) was crushed using a cutting mill (Korea Powder Machine Co., Korea). The kneading block and mixing screw were mixed in a twin screw extruder (TEK 40 MHS, SMPLECH Co., Ltd., Korea), and the block temperature was set at 50 ° C and then operated at a speed of 100 revolutions per minute. In this machine, 4 kg of dry pellet was poured into the machine and non-ionized water was added to the pellet. The ratio of dry biomass to water was maintained at 1: 4. The biomass mixture discharged from the twin screw extruder was added and mixed with 6 times as much nonionic water as that of the biomass drying. This was put in a filter press (Lab test, Tae Yeon Filtration, Korea) equipped with a 15-micron filter cloth and filtered to obtain wet state biomass in which water-soluble components and lipid-soluble components were mostly removed. The wet biomass was lyophilized to measure the residual fraction of extractable components in the biomass, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for one day to allow water to reach equilibrium naturally. Moisture content was measured using a 105 ^o C dryer in accordance with the laboratory standard method of NREL in the United States. 5 g (dry weight) of this sample was placed in a thimble for Soxhlet, and water and ethanol were sequentially extracted with a solvent. The weight of the extract was measured and the water-soluble component and fat-soluble component ratio of the raw sample were calculated and shown in Table 1. 1 kg of the extract containing the emulsion and micro-biomass was lyophilized to prepare a solid. 5 g of this solid was taken out and placed in a siphon for syringe, and water and ethanol were sequentially extracted with a solvent. After the extraction, the amount remaining in the sieve was evaluated by weight and converted to the biomass residue ratio. Extracts containing the remaining emulsion and micro-biomass were filtered using a filtration device equipped with a microfiltration membrane module (DFU-0407, Deerfos product, Korea). After filtration, the portion containing the bubbles which did not pass through the filter was recovered and weighed. Acetone was added thereto to dissolve and weighed to prepare a solution containing a fat-soluble component at a high concentration.

In the same manner, the extractable components were removed from the palm pressed fibers, and the extractable components of the obtained biomass were examined as described above. The results are shown in Table 1. The biomass content of the extract was measured as described above and is shown in Table 2. In addition, the extract containing the remaining emulsion and micro-biomass was filtered using a filtration apparatus equipped with a microfiltration membrane module. After filtration, the portion containing the bubbles which did not pass through the filter was recovered and weighed. Acetone was added thereto to dissolve and weighed to prepare a solution containing a fat-soluble component at a high concentration.

Example  2. Palm using disc type crusher and centrifugal dehydrator From the room  Simultaneous removal or recovery of water-soluble components and fat-soluble components

3 kg of non-ionized water was added to 1 kg of the dry palm and mortar (5 mm or less). This sample was introduced into a disk type mill (Andritz product, USA) and refined at 2,000 rpm. To the pulverized material, nonionic water corresponding to 6 times of the amount of biomass dried was added and mixed. The mixture was filtered with a peeler type centrifuge (manufactured by FINE CO., LTD., Korea) equipped with a 35 micron filter cloth to obtain a wet state biomass in which water-soluble components and lipid-soluble components were mostly removed. The wet biomass was lyophilized to measure the residual fraction of extractable components in the biomass, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for one day to allow water to reach equilibrium naturally. Moisture content was measured using a 105 ^o C dryer in accordance with the laboratory standard method of NREL in the United States. 5 g of this sample (in the dry state) was placed in a thimble for rapid shaking, and water and ethanol were sequentially extracted with a solvent. The weight of the extract was measured and the water-soluble component and fat-soluble component ratio of the raw sample were calculated and shown in Table 1. 1 kg of the extract containing the emulsion and micro-biomass was lyophilized to prepare a solid. 5 g of this solid was taken out and placed in a siphon for syringe, and water and ethanol were sequentially extracted with a solvent. After the extraction, the amount remaining in the sieve was evaluated by weight and converted to the biomass residue ratio. Extracts containing the remaining emulsion and micro-biomass were filtered using a filtration unit equipped with a microfiltration membrane module. After filtration, the portion containing the bubbles which did not pass through the filter was recovered and weighed. Acetone was added thereto to dissolve and weighed to prepare a solution containing a fat-soluble component at a high concentration.

Example  3. Twin  Screw Extruder and  Simultaneous removal or recovery of water-soluble and lipid-soluble components from corn stalks using a filter press

Using a cutting mill (Korea Powder Machinery Co., Korea), corn stalks in the air-dried state (Chalok 4, Korea) were crushed. The kneading block and mixing screw were mixed in a twin screw extruder (TEK 40 MHS, SMPLECH Co., Ltd., Korea), and the block temperature was set at 50 ° C and then operated at a speed of 100 revolutions per minute. Corn corn oil and non-ionized water were added to this machine while pulverizing 4 kg of corn stalks. The ratio of dry biomass, corn oil and water was maintained at 1: 0.05: 4. The biomass mixture discharged from the twin screw extruder was added and mixed with 6 times as much nonionic water as that of the biomass drying. This was put in a filter press (Lab test, Tae Yeon Filtration, Korea) equipped with a 15-micron filter cloth and filtered to obtain wet state biomass in which water-soluble components and lipid-soluble components were mostly removed. The wet biomass was lyophilized to measure the residual fraction of extractable components in the biomass, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for one day to allow water to reach equilibrium naturally. Moisture content was measured using a 105 ^o C dryer in accordance with the laboratory standard method of NREL in the United States. 5 g of this sample (in the dry state) was placed in a thimble for rapid shaking, and water and ethanol were sequentially extracted with a solvent. The weight of the extract was measured and the water-soluble component and fat-soluble component ratio of the raw sample were calculated and shown in Table 1. 1 kg of the extract containing the emulsion and micro-biomass was lyophilized to prepare a solid. 5 g of this solid was taken out and placed in a siphon for syringe, and water and ethanol were sequentially extracted with a solvent. After the extraction, the amount remaining in the sieve was evaluated by weight and converted to the biomass residue ratio. Extracts containing the remaining emulsion and micro-biomass were filtered using a filtration unit equipped with a microfiltration membrane module. After filtration, the portion containing the bubbles which did not pass through the filter was recovered and weighed. Acetone was added thereto to dissolve and weighed to prepare a solution containing a fat-soluble component at a high concentration.

Comparative Example 1. Composition analysis of biomass

5 g each of empty fruit bunch, palm pulp fiber and corn stalks (20 mesh or less) are taken (in the dry state), placed in a thimble for shorthand, and water and ethanol are sequentially extracted with a solvent Respectively. The weight of the extracts was measured and the water-soluble components and lipid-soluble components were calculated from the raw samples.

Comparative Example 2 Removal of Extractable Substances from Farm Balls Using Hot Water

1 kg (under dry) of the crusher (20 mesh or less) is put into a 5 liter litter bag and the entrance is bundled and then placed in an electric water heater (Myeongbo Industrial Co., Korea) containing 20 liters of water at 50 ^o C Lt; / RTI > The bag was taken out and put into a syringe and dehydrated for 1 hour. The above procedure was repeated one more time and then dried in a 45 ^° C. hot air dryer for 48 hours. The extractable component retention rate of this biomass was measured as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 1 below shows the composition of the biomass after the removal of the extractable component according to Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.

Components (%) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Palm Ball Room Palm pulp fiber Palm Ball Room Corn stalk Water-soluble component 1.3 1.9 2.3 2.5 Lipophilic component 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.3 Insoluble component 98.1 97.3 96.6 97.3 system 100 100 100 100

Table 2 below shows the biomass loss rates during the extraction process according to Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.

Treatment Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Palm Ball Room Palm pulp fiber Palm Ball Room Corn stalk Biomass
Loss rate (%) 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.5

Table 3 shows the composition of the raw material biomass of the palm fronds, palm pulp fibers and corn stalks of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.

Components (%) Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Palm Ball Room Palm pulp fiber Corn stalk Palm Ball Room Water-soluble component 10.6 15.1 20.0 1.2 Lipophilic component 4.8 6.4 1.1 4.8 Insoluble component 84.6 78.5 78.9 94.0 system 100 100 100 100

As shown in Examples 1 and 2 in Table 1, the water-soluble components and the fat-soluble component ratios of the palm fronds and palm pulp fibers were significantly smaller than those of the raw material of Comparative Example 1, while the insoluble components of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin The ratio is 96% or more, and it can be known how effective the extractability elimination method of the present invention is. However, as shown in Comparative Example 2, the water-soluble components of the palm and the chambers extracted by hot water were largely reduced, but the lipophilic components were not effective in extracting and removing the lipid soluble components.

 It can be seen that Example 3 in which corn oil was added for extracting oil-soluble useful components because vegetable oil was hardly contained was effective in reducing the ratio of fat-soluble components after extraction to 1.1% to 0.3%.

On the other hand, the amount of biomass lost as an extract in the extraction process is very small, which is about 1% of the total biomass dry weight. In particular, using a twin screw extruder as a friction mill reduces the loss of biomass Can be found to be effective in

Claims (9)

A step of preparing a biomass comprising a mixture of an aqueous solution and an emulsion by dissolving a water-soluble component and emulsifying and dissolving a lipophilic component by adding water or a hydrophobic solvent together to the biomass crude pulverized product, followed by performing friction;
Separating the biomass for pretreatment from the biomass pulverized product in the form of a puddle through the puddle-making step of the biomass, and a mixture liquid of the aqueous solution containing the extractable component and the emulsion;
An emulsion separation step of separating the aqueous solution and the emulsion from the mixed solution; And
Comprising a step of separating the fat-soluble component-containing liquid from the separated emulsion. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the water added in the step of producing the pomegranate of the biomass is soft water or non-ionized water. The method according to claim 1,
The hydrophobic solvent to be added together with water in the pomace production step of the biomass is one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of plant oil, petrolleum oil and aliphatic alcohol A method for recovering an extractable component from biomass. The method according to claim 1,
The step of manufacturing the biomass is characterized in that the biomass coarse material is subjected to friction using a combination of at least one of a single screw extruder or a twin screw extruder And recovering the extractable component from the biomass. The method according to claim 1,
Separating the mixed liquid and the biomass for pretreatment by using any one or two or more of a filter press, a belt press, a screw press, and a centrifugal dehydrator And recovering the extractable component from the biomass. The method of claim 5,
Wherein the step of separating the mixed liquor further comprises performing filtration using a filter cloth to recover the extractable component from the biomass. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein said emulsion separation step performs either microfiltration or centrifugation. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 21. < / RTI > The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the liposoluble component-containing liquid separation step is performed by adding an organic solvent to the separated emulsion, followed by microfiltration or centrifugation. The method of claim 8,
Wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of water-soluble organic solvents of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetonitrile, acetone and tetrahydrofuran. .

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