KR101700403B1 - 3D beamforming antenna - Google Patents

3D beamforming antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101700403B1
KR101700403B1 KR1020160013155A KR20160013155A KR101700403B1 KR 101700403 B1 KR101700403 B1 KR 101700403B1 KR 1020160013155 A KR1020160013155 A KR 1020160013155A KR 20160013155 A KR20160013155 A KR 20160013155A KR 101700403 B1 KR101700403 B1 KR 101700403B1
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South Korea
Prior art keywords
antenna
stacked
radiator
beamforming
forming
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KR1020160013155A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
이병제
이현석
문병귀
윤용현
이현우
Original Assignee
광운대학교 산학협력단
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Publication of KR101700403B1 publication Critical patent/KR101700403B1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna for 3D beamforming, comprising a radiator of a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna of a radiator of a NxN array microstrip patch antenna for 3D beamforming in a basic antenna of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz band; A substrate 1 on a front surface of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna on which a radiator is disposed; A ground plate in which a plurality of slots for supplying an aperture coupling power are opened; A substrate 2 for attaching the substrate 1, the ground plate, and the substrate 3 on the front and rear sides and for independent electrical environment configuration for each layer; A plurality of NxN array microstrip patch antennas for forming the 3D beam are formed on the ground plate and opposed to the emitters of the NxN array microstrip patch antennas, A power distributor for feeding power to the array elements of the antenna; A Butter matrix, which is a phase control unit having a two-port feeding structure or a feeding structure for supplying power for 3D beam formation; A substrate (3) on the rear surface portion located on the power distributor and the Butler matrix; And feed ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 of a stacked 3D beam forming antenna for four feeds for 3D beamforming,
Instead of a phase shifter, we use a Butler matrix and a power divider, and design feed lines through RF circuit design simulation and EM simulation to provide four phase changes, thus providing an integrated antenna structure.

Description

Antennas for 3D beamforming {3D beamforming antenna}

[0001] The present invention relates to an antenna for 3D beamforming, and more particularly, to an antenna for 3D beamforming, which can be optimized for a 5G communication base station antenna of a millimeter wave band, To an antenna for 3D beamforming.

In recent years, many telecommunication devices such as smart watch, smart glass, wearable device and tablet have been increasing not only in mobile communication market. Therefore, problems such as data traffic and cloud traffic continue to arise. In order to solve this problem, 5th generation communication technology, which is one step higher than current 4th generation communication technology, is needed. In order to satisfy the 5th generation communication technology, seven indicators (Peak data rate [Gbps], Cell edge data rate [Mbps], Cell spectral efficiency [bps / Hz], Mobility [km / h] , Simultaneous connection [10 4 / km 2 ] and Latency [msec] should be satisfied by 10 times less than 4th generation and more than 1000 times more. And research.

Companies around the world are actively working on 5G standardization with their own technology. As shown in FIG. 5, some of the 5G technologies will be described as millimeter wave technology (CW1), 3D beamforming (CW2), machine-to-machine (M2M) Device) -Case4. In hardware, 5G base station antenna design is under study by combining millimeter wave technology and 3D beam forming technology. In the case of the 5G antenna that has been studied so far, the radiator and the power supply are independently present, and the phase of the radiator for forming the 3D beam is controlled by a phase shifter. The phase changer has very expensive characteristics and needs research to replace it or to secure price competitiveness.

Figure 5 shows the technologies being developed for 5G communication services. The Millimeter-wave technology of Case 1 of FIG. 5 has the merit of increasing the frequency reuse rate by using the previously used 30 to 300 GHz millimeter band and having a high peak data rate using a wide bandwidth. The 3D beamforming technique of Case 2 is a method of increasing the communication speed and improving the reliability by transmitting the beam directly to the users through the beam forming, having a narrower beam width than that of the conventional base station. Case 3's M2M (Machine to Machine) technology is a way to speed up data through communication between machine and machine. In the case of D2D (Device to Device) in Case 4, communication has been performed between mobile terminals using a base station, but this method directly communicates between mobile terminals between users without going through a base station. Case 3 and Case 4 should be solved systematically. The antenna proposed in the present invention uses a technology of Case 1 and Case 2 that can be implemented in hardware, and enables communication using a 3D beam forming technology operating in a millimeter band.

The 3D beam-forming antenna mainly uses a microstrip patch antenna structure. The microstrip patch antenna has been studied and developed in 3D beamforming technique based on the structure that can be reduced in size and weight. However, although microstrip antennas have advantages such as small size, thinness, light weight, etc., there is a limitation in bandwidth expansion, and the complexity of the feed structure becomes a problem due to a high input impedance. Accordingly, the 3D beam forming antenna, which has been studied in the past, has a high processing ratio while using a phase shifter for 3D beam formation independently of the radiator and the feed structure. As a result, it is difficult to utilize the advantages of the microstrip patch antenna and to secure an effective caustic ratio.

With the development of new communication devices, many problems are emerging. Accordingly, faster and more reliable 5G technology is required than the communication technology currently used. The conventional communication method is a method of processing a wide sector determined by a base station at a time. However, if the 3D beam forming technology of 5G technology is used, fast and reliable data can be provided to a large number of users in a narrow sector.

In addition, a method of increasing the reuse rate and increasing the speed by using a frequency higher than the currently operating frequency is under development. Conventional 3D beamforming technology uses a phase shifter to take the emitter and feed structure independently. This not only increases the physical size but also increases the unit cost.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems and it is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-layered open coupling antenna capable of integrating a radiator and a feed structure of an antenna within a small size, And to provide a 5G base station antenna for beam forming. The proposed antenna satisfies a gain of 12dBi or more at 27.875 ~ 28.125 (BW: 250 MHz) using a Butler matrix, a power divider, and an aperture - coupled power feeding method for 3D beamforming operation and is capable of forming a 3D beam.

The present invention provides an integrated antenna capable of forming a 3D beam at a reduced size while reducing the size and simplifying the structure so as to be optimized for a base station antenna in a 5G communication environment.

The 3D beam forming antenna of the present invention improves the problems of the array antenna for the base station system which will be developed in the future while compensating for the disadvantages of the high unit price by using the large size phase retarder having the radiator and the feed structure independently of the conventional structure We propose an integrated antenna capable of 3D beamforming.

The proposed antenna can operate in the Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) band, which can be used domestically in 5G mobile communication. The proposed antenna has an overall size of 36 x 44.6 x 0.706 mm 3 and satisfies a return loss of less than -10 dB (VSWR <2) at 27.875 to 28.125 GHz. The gain of the antenna satisfies more than 12 dBi within the operating frequency band. Through the 3D beamforming, the entire beam divided into four states is -20 ° to 20 ° in the horizontal direction and -20 ° to 20 ° in the vertical direction Respectively. The horizontal and vertical half-power beam widths (HPBW) of each state satisfy 22 ° and 21 °, respectively.

The present invention is a base station antenna and an apparatus including the base station antenna applicable to 5G communication technology through 3D beam formation using millimeter wave band. In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the overall structure has the feature of the lamination type. The radiating element of the array antenna and the power feeding part for supplying the signal are designed on the front and rear sides, respectively, thereby realizing miniaturization of the antenna. Instead of a phase shifter, we use a Butler matrix and a power divider, and design a feed line through RF circuit design simulation and EM simulation to give four phase changes. do.

In order to accomplish the object of the present invention, an antenna for 3D beamforming is a 3D beamforming base station antenna, which includes a N3N array microstrip patch antenna for 3D beam formation in a basic antenna of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz band, A radiator (1) of a beam forming antenna; A substrate 1 (2) on the front surface where the radiator (1) of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna is located; A ground plate (3) in which a plurality of slots for feeding an aperture coupling power are opened; A substrate 2 (4) for attaching the substrate 1 (2), the ground plate (3), and the substrate 3 (5) on the front and rear surfaces and for independent electrical environment configuration for each layer; An NxN array microstrip patch antenna for the 3D beamforming is formed on the ground plate 3 to be opposed to the emitter of the NxN array microstrip patch antenna, and the NxN array radiators are provided with open coupling feed slots 6; A power distributor (7) for feeding power to the array elements of the antenna; A Butter matrix 8 as a phase adjusting unit having a two-port feeding structure or a feeding structure for supplying power for 3D beam formation; A substrate 3 (5) on the power distributor (7) and on the rear surface located on the Butler matrix (8); And feed ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 (9 to 12) of a stacked 3D beam forming antenna for four feeds for 3D beam formation,

The Butler matrix 8 and the power divider 7 are used in place of the phase shifter.

The radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna is configured to emit radio waves of about 28 GHz center frequency in the LMDS band of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz available for 5G mobile communication when N = 4 in the emitter of the NxN array microstrip patch antenna (4x4 array) of microstrip patch antenna radiators (1) having a length of 1/2 wavelength (?).

The radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna includes a 4x4 array of microstrip patch antenna radiators 1, a 4x4 microstrip patch antenna radiator 1, and a circular 4x4 array of microstrip patches 1, And the microstrip patch antenna radiator of any one of the antenna radiators 1 is used.

Current is supplied to the feed ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna and then transmitted to the respective aperture-coupled feed slots 6 through the power distributor 7 and the Butler matrix 8 The antenna radiator 1 is operated and each port is operated so that a beam is formed in each predetermined direction.

The antenna satisfies a return loss of less than -10 dB (VSWR <2) in the LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) band of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz (250 MHz) And 4, and Port 2 and 3 are characterized by having the same S-parameters characteristic through the power distributor 7 and the phase difference of the same Butler matrix 8.

The gain of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna satisfies 12 dBi or more in the operating frequency band and the entire beam divided into four states through the 3D beam formation is horizontally -20 ° to 20 ° and vertical Direction to -20 [deg.] To 20 [deg.], And horizontal and vertical half power beam widths (HPBW) of the respective states satisfy 22 [deg.] And 21 [deg.], Respectively.

The stacked 3D beam-forming antenna has an overall size of 36 x 44.6 x 0.706 mm 3 .

When feeding each input port of the Butler matrix 8, a phase difference occurs in the output port, and the phase adjustment of the phase delay applied to implement the existing beam forming antenna is replaced by the Butler matrix structure .

The stacked 3D beam-forming antenna has an antenna gain of 12 dBi or more that can communicate within 200 m in a system band of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz, which is an LMDS band to which 5G technology can be applied, and Port 1 and 4 have the same structure Is characterized by providing the same gain characteristics through the radiator and also by Port 2 and 3 providing the same gain characteristics through the radiator having the same current progression and the same structure.

The antenna operating in the band of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz in the stacked 3D beam forming antenna is configured such that the current fed from the feed ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna is transmitted to the Butler matrix 8, the power distributor 7, Is transmitted to the radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna via the structure of the open feed coupling slots 6, gain is secured through impedance matching when a current passes through the stack, and the stacked 3D beam forming The arrangement of the antenna radiator 1 is set to 0.7 wavelength which is wider than the 1/2 wavelength used in the prior art, thereby securing an improved directivity and an improved gain.

In the stacked 3D beam forming antenna, a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of a millimeter wave band is connected to a phase adjusting unit (Butler matrix) of a 2-port feed structure or a feed structure, which is not a current 4-port feed structure, It is possible to implement a 5G base station antenna for forming a 3D beam in a waveband.

The 5G base station antenna for the 3D beamforming of the millimeter waveband is connected to a phase control unit (Butler matrix) of a 2-port feed structure, a 4-port feed structure, a 6-port feed structure, an 8-port feed structure, It is possible to implement a 5G base station antenna for forming a 3D beam in a waveband.

In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the antenna for 3D beam formation according to the present invention is provided with a stacked aperture-coupled feeding antenna so as to have a 3D beam forming characteristic by integrating the radiator and the feeding structure within a small size The present invention provides a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of a millimeter wave band. The proposed antenna satisfies a gain of more than 12dBi at 27.875 ~ 28.125 (BW: 250 MHz) by using a Butler matrix, a power divider, and an aperture coupled feed method for 3D beamforming operation.

The 3D beam forming antenna according to the present invention has a small size due to the advantage of being applied in an integrated structure while compensating for the problem of a large size of an antenna in which a conventional radiator and a feed structure are separated and a high unit price by using a phase retarder, It is a simple structure that provides 3D beamforming characteristics. Therefore, it can be used freely in space and can be effectively applied to a 5G base station antenna system.

The structure operates using the structure of stacked open coupling feed slots in the 28 GHz band, a Butler matrix, a power distributor and a radiator of a microstrip patch antenna, which provides a deformable characteristic according to the required bandwidth.

It is possible to change the frequency by controlling the length and size of the emitter, the substrate, and the gain value can be adjusted through the array of emitters. The Butter matrix, the power divider, and the aperture-coupled power feeding structure have impedance matching characteristics through impedance control through deformation of internal and external structures.

The antenna structure proposed in the present invention ensures the operation performance of the 3D beam forming antenna by using only the Butler matrix and the power splitter without using the phase delay. By varying the phase difference of the Butler matrix, 3D beams of various angles are formed, which is applicable to future 5G base station antennas. The 3D beamforming antenna is differentiated from the conventional 3D beamforming antenna and the space utilization is improved by arranging the antenna and the feed structure in the integrated structure by using the structure of the stacked structure and the aperture coupling feed slots.

FIG. 1 is a top view and a bottom view of a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna according to the present invention.
2 is a plan view [YZ plane] and a side view [XY plane] of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna proposed in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a view showing a rear portion (YZ plane) of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna proposed in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a top view of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna according to the present invention.
5 is a diagram showing a technology (Case 1 (mmWave Technology), Case 2 (3D Beamforming), Case 3 (M2M), Case 4 (D2D)) being developed for 5G communication service.
FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a method of delivering a current after power is supplied to Ports 1 to 4 in the Butler matrix 8 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna proposed in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a phase difference occurring in the output port when power is supplied to each input port of the Butler matrix 8. FIG.
8 is a diagram illustrating S-parameters characteristics of the proposed stacked 3D beam forming antenna.
9 is a graph showing a gain characteristic of the proposed stacked 3D beam forming antenna.
10 is a diagram illustrating the characteristics of the contour radiation pattern normalized at the center frequency of 28 GHz of the proposed stacked 3D beam forming antenna.
11 is a view showing a 2D radiation pattern of the proposed antenna.
12 is a view showing a scanning range of a 2D radiation pattern of the proposed antenna.
13 is a view showing an example of a deformable array antenna structure.
14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of a millimeter wave band according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a top view and a bottom view of a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna according to the present invention.

2 is a plan view [YZ plane] and a side view [XY plane] of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna proposed in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing a rear portion (YZ plane) of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna proposed in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a top view of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna according to the present invention.

The stacked 3D beam-forming antenna proposed in the present invention includes a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna radiator 1, a substrate 1 (Taconic-RF30,? R = 3) 2, a ground plate 3, ε r = 3.79) (4) , the substrate 3 (Taconic-RF30, ε r = 3) (5), the opening combination feed slot 6, a power divider (7), a Butler matrix (8), the stacked 3D beamforming A feed position 1 (Port 1) 9 of the antenna, a feed position 2 (Port 2) 10 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna, a feed position 3 (Port 3) 11 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna, And a feeding position 4 (Port 4)

The 3D beam forming antenna may be applied to a 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G base station antenna, an RFID antenna, and an antenna of a radar. In an embodiment of the present invention, a 5G base station antenna for forming a 3D beam in a millimeter wave band is exemplified , But the present invention is not limited thereto.

The present invention relates to a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming in a millimeter wave band, which provides an integrated antenna capable of forming a 3D beam at a reduced size while reducing the size and simplifying the structure so as to be optimized for a base station antenna in a 5G communication environment. The purpose is to provide.

The 3D beam forming antenna of the present invention improves the problems of the array antenna for the base station system which will be developed in the future while compensating for the disadvantages of the high unit price by using the large size phase retarder having the radiator and the feed structure independently of the conventional structure We propose an integrated antenna capable of 3D beamforming.

The proposed antenna can operate in the Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) band, which can be used domestically in 5G mobile communication. The proposed antenna has an overall size of 36 x 44.6 x 0.706 mm 3 and satisfies a return loss of less than -10 dB (VSWR <2) at 27.875 to 28.125 GHz. The gain of the antenna satisfies more than 12 dBi within the operating frequency band. Through the 3D beamforming, the entire beam divided into four states is -20 ° to 20 ° in the horizontal direction and -20 ° to 20 ° in the vertical direction Respectively. The horizontal and vertical half-power beam widths (HPBW) of each state satisfy 22 ° and 21 °, respectively.

The present invention relates to a 3D beamforming base station antenna, comprising: a radiator (27.875 to 28.125 GHz) (1) of a 4x4 array microstrip patch antenna for 3D beamforming; A structure 1 electrically connected to the ground plate and attaching the radiator; A ground plate (3) in which aperture-coupling feeding slots are opened; A structure 2 electrically connected to the ground plate 3 and attaching a power feeding structure; A structure for connecting a structure attaching a radiator of an antenna to an internal structure attaching a feed structure; A Butler matrix 8 for feeding power suitable for 3D beamforming; And a power distributor 7 for feeding power to the array elements of the antenna.

The present invention relates to a 3D beamforming base station antenna, wherein the proposed basic antenna in the 27.875 to 28.125 GHz band is a radiator (27.875 to 28.125 GHz) (1) of NxN array (e.g., 4x4 array) microstrip patch antenna for 3D beamforming (1) of a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna consisting of 16 (4x4 array) microstrip patch antenna radiators (1) having a length of about 1/2 wavelength (?) Based on a 28 GHz center frequency; A substrate 1 (2) on the front surface where the radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna is located; A ground plate (3) in which a plurality of slots for feeding an aperture coupling power are opened; An NxN array microstrip patch antenna for 3D beamforming is formed on the ground plate 3 to face the radiator and has open coupling feed slots 6 in NxN (N = 4) array radiators; A substrate 2 (4) for attaching substrates 1 (2) and 3 (5) on the front and back sides and for independent electrical environment configuration for each layer; A power distributor (7) located below the substrate (3) for applying power to the array elements of the antenna; A Butler matrix 8, which is a phase regulating unit located below the substrate 3 and having a two-port feed structure or a further feed structure for feeding a feed for 3D beam formation; A substrate 3 (5) on the rear surface located on the power distributor (7) and the Butler matrix (8); 3, and 4 (9 to 12) of a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna for feeding four beams for 3D beamforming,

In place of the phase shifter, the Butler matrix 8 and the power divider 7 are used and the feeding line is designed by RF circuit design simulation and EM simulation to give four phase changes, .

The radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna has a structure in which, in case of N = 4 in the emitter of the NxN array microstrip patch antenna, 1 (4x4 array) microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 having a length of? / 2 wavelength?.

The radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna includes a microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 having a square 4x4 array, a microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 having a rhombic 4x4 array, a microstrip patch antenna 1 having a circular 4x4 array, And a patch antenna radiator (1).

In the embodiment of the present invention, a microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 having a square 4x4 array will be described as an example.

After the electric current is supplied to the feed ports 1, 2, 3 and 4 (9 to 12) of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna, the respective open coupling feed slots 6 are formed through the power distributor 7 and the Butler matrix 8, So that the antenna radiator 1 operates. Each Port is operated to form a beam in each predetermined direction.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method of delivering a current to the feed ports 1 to 4 of a stacked 3D beam forming antenna in a Butler matrix 8 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna proposed in the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a phase difference occurring in the output port when power is supplied to each input port of the Butler matrix 8. FIG. The phase adjustment of the phase delay applied to realize the conventional beam forming antenna is replaced by the Butler matrix structure, thereby reducing the cost.

8 is a diagram illustrating S-parameters characteristics of the proposed stacked 3D beam forming antenna.

The proposed antenna satisfies return loss of less than -10dB (VSWR <2) in LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) band of 27.875 ~ 28.125 GHz (250MHz). Ports 1 and 4, and Ports 2 and 3 have the same S-parameters. Therefore, FIG. 8 shows characteristics of Ports 1 and 4, and Ports 2 and 3.

The antenna 1 operating in the 27.875 to 28.125 GHz band has improved broadband characteristics through the structure of the aperture-coupled feed slots, and instead of the phase shifter used in the prior art, the antenna 1 operates in the Butler matrix 8, (7), the unit price was lowered and the caustic ratio was increased. In addition, through the laminated structure, the conventional method of independently carrying the radiator and the feed structure is integrated in one structure to reduce the physical size. The antenna proposed in the present invention has a 3D beam forming characteristic while reducing the size in comparison with the shape of a conventional base station antenna in an integrated small space.

9 is a graph showing a gain characteristic of the proposed stacked 3D beam forming antenna. The proposed stacked 3D beamforming antenna has an antenna gain of 12 dBi or more that can communicate within 200m in the system band of 27.875 ~ 28.125 GHz, which is a Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) band to which 5G technology can be applied. Ports 1 and 4 exhibit the same gain characteristics through a radiator with the same current progression and the same structure, and Port 2 and 3 also exhibit the same gain characteristics through the radiator having the same current progression and the same structure.

The antenna 1 operating in the 27.875 to 28.125 GHz band is configured such that the electric current fed from the feed ports 1 to 4 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna is transmitted to the Butler matrix 8, the power distributor 7, To the radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna. Gain is ensured through accurate impedance matching in passing the current and the arrangement of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna radiator 1 is set to 0.7 wavelength which is wider than the conventional 1/2 wavelength, Directivity) and improved gain through this.

10 is a diagram illustrating the characteristics of the contour radiation pattern normalized at the center frequency of 28 GHz of the proposed stacked 3D beam forming antenna. Indicates four states that can operate when power is applied to each port. The intensity of the electric field weakens from red to blue. The proposed antennas satisfy -20 ° to 20 ° in the horizontal direction and -20 ° to 20 ° in the vertical direction from State 1 to State 4, respectively. The horizontal and vertical half-power beam widths (HPBW) of each state satisfy 22 ° and 21 °, respectively.

11 is a view showing a 2D radiation pattern of the proposed antenna.

Sectional view of the maximum value in Fig. As described above, each state satisfies -20 ° to 20 ° in the horizontal direction and -20 ° to 20 ° in the vertical direction from the State 1 to the State 4, respectively.

12 is a view showing a scanning range of a 2D radiation pattern of the proposed antenna.

12 shows a 3D beam forming angle of the antenna proposed in the present invention. And the beam forming angle and the half power beam width, which were aimed for communication within 200 m, are satisfied numerically.

13 is a view showing an example of a deformable array antenna structure.

The radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna is composed of 16 (4x4) antennas having a length of 1/2 wavelength (?) Based on the 28 GHz center frequency in the LMDS band of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz (250 MHz bandwidth) The present invention relates to a microstrip patch antenna radiator (1) of a square 4x4 array, a microstrip patch antenna radiator (1) of a square 4x4 array, a microstrip patch antenna radiator (1) 1) microstrip patch antenna radiators may be used.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a square 4x4 array microstrip patch antenna radiating element 1 has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a variety of deformable array antenna structures can be applied.

14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of a millimeter wave band according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the first embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 includes a first radiator section (NxN array), a second radiator section (NxN array), a third radiator section (NxN array), and a fourth radiator section And a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of the millimeter wave band of the present 4-port feed structure can be implemented by being connected to the phase control unit (Butler matrix).

In the second embodiment, the microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 includes a first radiator section (NxN array) and a second radiator section (NxN array) connected to a phase adjusting section (Butler matrix) to form a millimeter wave band A 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming can be implemented.

The 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of millimeter wave band is connected to the phase control unit (Butler matrix) of 2 port feed structure or more feed structure, not the current 4 port feed structure, 5G base station antenna can be implemented.

For example, a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming in millimeter wave band has a 2-port feed structure, a 4-feed feed structure, a 6-feed feed structure, an 8-feed feed structure, a 10-feed feed structure (Butler matrix) It is possible to implement a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming in a millimeter wave band.

In order to solve the problems of the prior art, a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of a millimeter wave band according to the present invention has a structure in which a radiator and a feed structure are integrated in a small size to form a 3D beam- To provide a 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming in a millimeter wave band. The proposed antenna satisfies a gain of more than 12dBi at 27.875 ~ 28.125 (BW: 250 MHz) by using a Butler matrix, a power divider, and an aperture coupled feed method for 3D beamforming operation.

The 3D beam forming antenna according to the present invention has a small size due to the advantage of being applied in an integrated structure while compensating for the problem of a large size of an antenna in which a conventional radiator and a feed structure are separated and a high unit price by using a phase retarder, It is a simple structure that provides 3D beamforming characteristics. Therefore, it can be used freely in space and can be effectively applied to a 5G base station antenna system.

The structure operates using a 28 GHz band stacked open-coupled feed structure, a Butler matrix, a power distributor and a radiator of a microstrip patch antenna, which provides a deformable characteristic according to the required bandwidth.

It is possible to change the frequency by controlling the length and size of the emitter, the substrate, and the gain value can be adjusted through the array of emitters. The Butter matrix, the power divider, and the aperture-coupled power feeding structure have impedance matching characteristics through impedance control through deformation of internal and external structures.

The antenna structure proposed in the present invention ensures the operation performance of the 3D beam forming antenna by using only the Butler matrix and the power splitter without using the phase delay. By varying the phase difference of the Butler matrix, 3D beams of various angles are formed, which is applicable to future 5G base station antennas. It is differentiated from the conventional 3D beam forming antenna, and the space utilization is increased by arranging the antenna and the feeding structure in the integrated structure by using the stacked structure and the aperture coupled feeding structure.

While the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be practical exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, It will be understood that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

1: stacked 3D beam forming antenna radiator
2: substrate 1 (Taconic-RF30, 竜r = 3)
3: Ground plate
4: substrate 2 (Pre-preg,? R = 3.79)
5: substrate 3 (Taconic-RF30,? R = 3)
6: Aperture-coupled feed slots
7: Power distributor
8: Butler Matrix
9: feed position 1 (Port1) of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna,
10: feeding position 2 (Port2) of the stacked 3D beam-
11: feeding position 3 (Port3) of the stacked 3D beam-
12: feeding position 4 (Port4) of the stacked 3D beam-

Claims (12)

In an antenna for forming a 3D beam,
A radiator (1) of a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna of a radiator of a NxN array microstrip patch antenna for 3D beamforming in a basic antenna of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz band;
A substrate 1 (2) on the front surface where the radiator (1) of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna is located;
A ground plate (3) in which a plurality of slots for feeding an aperture coupling power are opened;
An NxN array microstrip patch antenna for the 3D beamforming is formed on the ground plate 3 so as to face the radiator, and the NxN array radiators are provided with open coupling feed slots 6;
A substrate 2 (4) for attaching the substrate 1 (2), the ground plate (3), and the substrate 3 (5) on the front and rear surfaces and for independent electrical environment configuration for each layer;
A power distributor (7) for feeding power to the array elements of the antenna;
A Butter matrix 8 as a phase adjusting unit having a two-port feeding structure or a feeding structure for supplying power for 3D beam formation;
A substrate 3 (5) on the power distributor (7) and on the rear surface located on the Butler matrix (8); And
3, 4 (9-12) of a stacked 3D beam-forming antenna for four feeds for 3D beamforming,
Characterized in that said Butler matrix (8) and said power divider (7) are used instead of a phase shifter. The method according to claim 1,
The radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna has a structure in which, in case of N = 4 in the emitter of the NxN array microstrip patch antenna, 1 (4x4 array) of microstrip patch antenna radiators (1) having a length of? / 2 wavelength (?). 3. The method of claim 2,
The radiator 1 of the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna includes a microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 having a square 4x4 array, a microstrip patch antenna radiator 1 having a rhombic 4x4 array, a microstrip patch antenna 1 having a circular 4x4 array, Characterized in that any one of the patch antenna radiators (1) is used. The method according to claim 1,
After the current is supplied to the feed ports 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna, the beams are transmitted to the respective aperture-coupled feed slots 6 through the power distributor 7 and the Butler matrix 8 Wherein the antenna radiator (1) is operated, and each port is operated to form a beam in each predetermined direction. The method according to claim 1,
The stacked 3D beam forming antenna satisfies a return loss of less than -10 dB (VSWR <2) in the LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) band of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz (250 MHz) And Ports 1 and 4, and Ports 2 and 3 have the same S-parameters characteristic through the power distributor 7 and the phase difference of the same Butler matrix 8. 6. The method of claim 5,
The gain of the antenna satisfies 12 dBi or more in the operating frequency band, and the entire beam divided into four states through the 3D beam formation is -20 to 20 in the horizontal direction and -20 And the horizontal and vertical half power beam widths (HPBW) of the respective states satisfy 22 ° and 21 °, respectively. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the stacked 3D beam-forming antenna has an overall size of 36 x 44.6 x 0.706 mm &lt; 3 & gt ;. The method according to claim 1,
When feeding each input port of the Butler matrix 8, a phase difference occurs in the output port, and the phase adjustment of the phase delay applied to implement the existing beam forming antenna is replaced by the Butler matrix structure Wherein the antenna is provided with a plurality of antennas. The method according to claim 1,
The stacked 3D beam-forming antenna has an antenna gain of 12 dBi or more that can communicate within 200 m in a system band of 27.875 to 28.125 GHz, which is an LMDS band to which 5G technology can be applied, and Port 1 and 4 have the same structure Wherein the branches provide the same gain characteristics through the radiator and Port 2 and 3 provide the same gain characteristics through the radiator having the same current progression and the same structure. The method according to claim 1,
In the stacked 3D beam forming antenna,
The antennas operating in the 27.875 to 28.125 GHz band are designed such that the current fed from the feed ports 1, 2, 3, 4 of the stacked 3D beam forming antenna is supplied to the Butler matrix 8, the power distributor 7, 6, and is secured to the radiator 1 of the multi-layered 3D beam-forming antenna through impedance matching when the current passes therethrough, and the gain of the multi-layer 3D beam- Is set to 0.7 wavelength that is wider than the 1/2 wavelength used in the prior art, thereby securing an improved directivity and an improved gain. The method according to claim 1,
In the stacked 3D beam forming antenna,
The 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of millimeter wave band is connected to the phase control unit (Butler matrix) of 2 port feed structure or more feed structure, not the current 4 port feed structure, Antenna for 3D beamforming characterized by being able to implement a 5G base station antenna. 12. The method of claim 11,
The 5G base station antenna for the 3D beamforming of the millimeter waveband is connected to a phase control unit (Butler matrix) of a 2-port feed structure, a 4-port feed structure, a 6-port feed structure, an 8-port feed structure, A 5G base station antenna for 3D beamforming of a wave band can be implemented.
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KR20200060975A (en) 2018-11-23 2020-06-02 주식회사 에이스테크놀로지 Antenna in which an Array Radiating Element is formed in a Radome
KR102071819B1 (en) 2019-02-21 2020-01-30 숭실대학교산학협력단 Wideband and high-gain patch abtenna using metamaterial structure
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