KR101681065B1 - Dual Wavelength-band Optical Coherence Tomography and Method for Tissue Classification in Atherosclerotic Plaques - Google Patents

Dual Wavelength-band Optical Coherence Tomography and Method for Tissue Classification in Atherosclerotic Plaques Download PDF

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KR101681065B1
KR101681065B1 KR1020150061987A KR20150061987A KR101681065B1 KR 101681065 B1 KR101681065 B1 KR 101681065B1 KR 1020150061987 A KR1020150061987 A KR 1020150061987A KR 20150061987 A KR20150061987 A KR 20150061987A KR 101681065 B1 KR101681065 B1 KR 101681065B1
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light
tissue
coherence tomography
optical coherence
distribution
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KR1020150061987A
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Korean (ko)
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KR20160129599A (en
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오왕열
신인호
장선주
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한국과학기술원
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A61B5/0066—Optical coherence imaging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0073—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by tomography, i.e. reconstruction of 3D images from 2D projections
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
    • A61B5/02014—Determining aneurysm
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
    • A61B5/7264—Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B9/02—Interferometers

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques and a method of classifying a tissue of an atherosclerotic plaque using the same. More particularly, Of a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques capable of classifying a tissue of atherosclerotic plaque using dual wavelengths containing light having a low wavelength band and a method of classifying tissue of atherosclerotic plaque using the same will be.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques, and a tissue classification method for atherosclerotic plaques using the same.

The present invention relates to a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques and a method of classifying a tissue of an atherosclerotic plaque using the same. More particularly, Of a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques capable of classifying a tissue of atherosclerotic plaque using dual wavelengths containing light having a low wavelength band and a method of classifying tissue of atherosclerotic plaque using the same will be.

According to Statistics Korea's 2012 death statistics, the death rate due to heart disease was the second leading cause of death following cancer-related mortality.

Particularly, ischemic heart disease such as myocardial infarction or angina, which is directly related to blood vessels in heart disease, accounts for more than twice as much as other cardiac diseases, and the mortality rate thereof is steadily increasing. Therefore, the importance of blood vessel imaging It is getting bigger.

Typically, arteriosclerosis is a disease in which blood vessels become narrowed or clogged causing lipid disorders such as calcium or cholesterol deposits in the blood vessels. Acute coronary syndrome is a type of myocardial infarction, most of which is atherosclerotic rupture, The epidermis of the epidermis is peeled, and the dermis or the mucous membrane is exposed to the erosion, causing the coronary artery supplying blood to the heart muscle to be suddenly blocked, resulting in muscle necrosis.

At this time, the atherosclerotic plaque with high risk of rupture is characterized by having a histologically thin fibrous membrane and a lipid component at the lower part thereof. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) Component detection is possible.

The optical coherence tomography apparatus uses the interference information generated between the back scattered light and the light reflected from the reference mirror of the reference arm after the light enters the intravascular specimen (sample) And the like.

That is, the 3D signal can be reproduced by acquiring the depth direction information by analyzing the interference signal in the frequency domain and acquiring the horizontal direction information through the beam scanning.

As a prior art related to this, an optical coherence tomography apparatus and a method are disclosed in Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2014-0108759 ("optical coherence tomography apparatus and method ", Sep. 15, 2014).

However, the conventional optical coherence tomography apparatus has a problem that it is difficult to detect a lipid component of an atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, there is a problem that a specialist who is skilled in image interpretation of the optical coherence tomography apparatus is separately required.

In other words, since the conventional optical coherence tomography system displays only the intensity information of light, it is difficult to distinguish the difference in light attenuation with respect to the light of the same wavelength even if there are different tissues.

Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2014-0108759 ("Optical coherence tomography apparatus and method ", 2014.09.15.)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for correcting an image by using interference information generated between a backscattered light and a reference mirror, By using a double wavelength including light having a wavelength band having a high absorbance and light having a wavelength band having a low absorbance in the structure of the arteriosclerosis group to easily classify the tissue of the arteriosclerosis group And to provide a method for classifying tissue of an atherosclerotic plaque using the dual-wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaque.

A dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaque according to the present invention and a tissue classification method of atherosclerosis using the same are characterized in that a first wavelength Optical coupling portion; A circulation unit for splitting the first coupling light incident from the first optical coupling unit into a first distribution light and a second distribution light; A reference arm including a reference mirror for reflecting the first distribution light incident from the circulation unit; A sample arm for backscattering the second distribution light incident from the circulation portion by a sample; The first distribution light reflected from the reference arm and the second distribution light backscattered from the second sample arm are incident through the circulation part, and the first and second split lights are combined to form a second combined light A second optical coupling portion for coupling the first and second optical coupling portions; And a processor for receiving the interference signal information from the second combined light and imaging the interference signal information.

In particular, the light source unit may include a first light source unit that outputs light including a wavelength band of 1200 nm; And a second light source for outputting light having a wavelength band of 1300 nm.

The reference arm may include a first distribution optical path in which one end thereof is in contact with one end of the circulation part and the first distribution light is moved and the reference mirror is provided at the other end thereof. And a second distribution optical path in which the second distribution light is moved and the sample is provided at the other end.

The circulation part may include a circulator formed on one side of the circulation part contacting one end of the first distribution light path and on the other side of the circulation part in contact with one end of the second distribution light path.

In addition, the processing unit may include a data collecting unit receiving the interference signal from the second optical coupler and converting the received interference signal into a digital signal; And an imaging unit receiving the digital signal from the data acquisition unit and imaging the digital signal.

The present invention also provides a method of classifying tissue of an atherosclerotic plaque using a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques, comprising: a light output step of outputting light having a different wavelength band; A first coupling light forming step of combining light beams having different wavelength bands output from the light outputting step to form a first coupling light; A divided light forming step of dividing the first combined light into the first divided light and the second divided light; A reference light reflecting step of reflecting the first distribution light on the reference mirror of the reference arm and proceeding to the second optical coupling part; and a step of rearward scattering the second distribution light by the sample of the sample arm to proceed to the second optical coupling part A sample light reflecting step; A second coupling light forming step of combining the first distribution light and the second distribution light input into the second optical coupling unit to form a second coupling light; A data processing step of receiving and imaging the interference signal from the second combined light; And a tissue classification step of classifying the tissue of the arteriosclerosis group through imaging according to the extinction coefficient processed in the data processing step.

A dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques according to the present invention and a tissue classification method using atherosclerosis group using the same are characterized in that light is incident on a specimen and the backscattered light and the light reflected from the reference mirror of the reference arm By using a double wavelength including light having a wavelength band having a high absorbance and light having a wavelength having a low absorbance in the tissue of the arteriosclerosis group, the tissue of the arteriosclerosis group can be easily There is an advantage to be classified as.

In particular, the dual-wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques according to the present invention and the tissue classification method of atherosclerotic plaques using the same can automatically classify tissues present in a blood vessel wall through one shot, There is an advantage that diagnosis of the hardening layer can be performed easily.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram of a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaque according to the present invention.
2 is a further diagram illustrating a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing absorbance of a tissue component easily found in the vicinity of an arteriosclerosis. Fig.
4 is a diagram illustrating a tissue classification method of an arteriosclerosis group using a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis group according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for classifying tissues of atherosclerotic plaques by imaging with a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques according to the present invention and a tissue classification method using the same Fig.

Hereinafter, a dual-wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of arteriosclerosis having the above-described characteristics and a tissue classification method of arteriosclerosis using the same will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Prior to this, terms and words used in the present description and claims should not be construed in a conventional or dictionary sense, and the inventor may properly define the concept of the term to describe its invention in the best possible way It should be interpreted in the meaning and concept consistent with the technical idea of the present invention.

Therefore, the embodiments described in the present specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the technical ideas of the present invention are described. Therefore, It is to be understood that equivalents and modifications are possible.

FIG. 1 is a view showing a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the absorbance of a tissue component easily found in the vicinity of an atherosclerotic plaque, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the absorbance of a tissue component in the vicinity of atherosclerotic plaque using a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis FIG. 5 is a view showing a method of classifying a tissue of an atherosclerotic plaque. FIG. 5 is a view showing a method of classifying a tissue of atherosclerotic plaque according to the present invention by using a dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus and a tissue classification method using the same. Figure 3 illustrates the classification of tissue of atherosclerotic plaque through counting.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for classifying a tissue of an arteriosclerosis group, and in particular, unlike a conventional optical coherence tomography apparatus, And a dual-wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus using light having a wavelength band having a low absorbance.

That is, the double-wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques according to the present invention and the tissue classification method of atherosclerosis using the same, are characterized in that samples have different extinction coefficients for light having different wavelength bands , And the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaque can be classified by comparing the extinction coefficient.

Of course, the dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques according to the present invention and the tissue classification method of atherosclerotic plaques using the same, detect and classify tissue of atherosclerotic plaques, It goes without saying that the present invention is applicable to various embodiments for detecting a component using an interference signal.

That is, the dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerotic plaques according to the present invention and the tissue classification method of atherosclerotic plaques using the apparatus are classified into fibrous plaques containing a large amount of fiber components, which are types of atherosclerotic plaques, it is possible to detect and classify tissues of lipid plaques containing a large amount of calcified plaques and lipid components as well as to use them in the ocular retina or skin.

1 and 2, the dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis according to the present invention includes a light source unit 100, a first optical coupling unit 200 A sample arm 320, a second optical coupling unit 400, and a processing unit 500, which are formed on one side and the other side of the circulation unit 300, a circulation unit 300, a reference arm 310, .

The first optical coupler 200 combines the light beams having different wavelength bands output from the light source 100 into a single combined light beam having a different wavelength band, Thereby forming light.

The circulating unit 300 receives the first coupling light input from the first optical coupling unit 200 and divides the first coupling light into the first distribution light and the second distribution light.

The dual-wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis according to the present invention includes a reference arm 310 formed at one side of the circulation unit 300 and a sample (not shown) formed at the other side of the circulation unit 300 And an arm (320).

The reference arm 310 includes a reference mirror 312 that reflects the first distribution light incident from the circulation unit 300. The sample arm 320 is connected to the circulation unit 300, Scattered back by the sample 322. The second scattered light is reflected by the second scattered light.

The reference arm 310 includes a first distribution optical path 311 in which one end of the reference arm 310 is in contact with one end of the circulation unit 300 to move the first distribution light, The reference mirror 312 on which the first distribution light is reflected is provided.

The sample arm 320 includes a second distribution optical path 321 in which one end of the sample arm 320 is in contact with the other end of the circulation unit 300 to move the second distribution light and the other end of the second distribution optical path 321 And a sample 322 is provided so that the second distribution light is backscattered.

At this time, the other side of the sample arm 320 may be inserted into the blood vessel together with a catheter to be inserted into the blood vessel, and the second distribution light is irradiated to the inner wall of the blood vessel through the imaging catheter for imaging the blood vessel .

And the irradiated second distribution light is backscattered by the sample.

However, it is needless to say that various embodiments are possible without limiting to the catheter described above.

The second optical coupling unit 400 receives the first distribution light reflected from the reference arm 310 and the second distribution light backscattered from the sample arm 320 through the circulation unit 300 again And the first and second split lights are combined to form a second combined light.

At this time, the second coupling light formed by combining the first distribution light and the second distribution light in the second optical coupling unit 400 are combined to cause interference with each other.

The processing unit 500 receives an interference signal from the second combined light of the second optical coupling unit 400 and implements the imaging signal.

The dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of the atherosclerosis group according to the present invention described above will be described in more detail.

As described above, the dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis according to the present invention focuses on the fact that samples have different extinction coefficients with respect to lights having different wavelength bands, And thus can classify the tissue of atherosclerotic plaque.

The light source unit 100 includes a first light source unit 110 for outputting light having a wavelength band of 1200 nm and a second light source unit 120 for outputting light having a wavelength band of 1300 nm according to the above- .

Generally, when a coronary artery is imaged using an optical coherence tomography apparatus, most of light is lost by erythrocytes in the blood when blood flows along the blood vessel, so that it is difficult to obtain information on the inner wall of the blood vessel.

Therefore, a process called flushing is used to instantaneously replace blood with water. Therefore, a light source having a wavelength band around 1300 nm, which is easy to image due to low absorbance of water, and has many optical components having high performance, is used.

As shown in FIG. 3, water has a characteristic that the absorbance is large in the 1200 nm, 1400 nm, and 1700 nm wavelength regions, while the absorbance is small in the 1300 nm wavelength region.

However, since the absorbance (solid line) of water is very large in the wavelength regions of 1400 nm and 1700 nm, there is a problem that vessel imaging is difficult.

Therefore, in the dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis according to the present invention, in addition to the 1300 nm wavelength region in the second light source unit 120, the light source using the 1200 nm wavelength region in the first light source unit 110, Is recommended.

In addition, since there is no significant difference from the 1300 nm wavelength region, there is an advantage that existing optical components can be used as they are.

That is, the light source 100 uses a light source including a wavelength band of 1200 nm and a light source including a wavelength band of 1300 nm, thereby detecting and classifying lipids in the arteriosclerosis group through imaging comparison.

This is because the absorbance of collagen, cholesterol and cholesterol ester is not significantly different near the 1300 nm wavelength, whereas the difference of absorbance is near 1200 nm wavelength, By comparing the images using the light source in the arteriosclerosis group, the tissue classification of the arteriosclerosis group can be facilitated.

In this case, like calcium, collagen does not have a difference in absorbance in all the near infrared regions, but it is easier to compare because the absorbance at the wavelengths of 1200 nm and 1300 nm is smaller than that of collagen.

The circulation unit 300 of the dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of the atherosclerosis group according to the present invention includes one side of the circulation unit 300 contacting one end of the first distribution optical path 311, And a circulator 330 formed on the other side of the circulation unit 300, which is in contact with one end of the light 321.

The circulator 330 reflects the first and second split lights reflected from the reference mirror 312 of the reference arm 310 and the sample 322 of the sample arm 320, The second optical coupler 400 moves in the direction of the second optical coupler 400 rather than the direction of the first optical coupler 200.

In addition, the processing unit 500 of the dual wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of the atherosclerosis according to the present invention includes a data collecting unit 500 for receiving an interference signal from the second optical coupling unit 400 and converting the interference signal into a digital signal, An imaging unit 510 for receiving the digital signal from the data collection unit 510, and an imaging unit 520 for imaging the digital signal.

However, the data collecting unit 510 and the imaging unit 520 of the processing unit 500 described above are not limited to the programs provided in the apparatus, or the dual wavelength light for the tissue classification of the atherosclerosis group according to the present invention, And the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 4, the method of classifying an atherosclerotic tissue using a dual-wavelength optical coherence tomography apparatus for tissue classification of atherosclerosis according to the present invention includes an optical output step S100, S200, a split light forming step S300, a split light advancing step S400, a second combined light forming step S500, a data processing step S600, and an organizing classification step S700.

The light output step (S100) is a step of outputting lights having different wavelength bands, and outputs light having wavelength bands of 1200 nm and 1300 nm.

The first combined light forming step (S200) is a step of forming a first combined light by combining lights having different wavelength bands, and the divided light forming step (S300) is a step of combining the first combined light with the first divided light 2 distribution light.

The distribution light advancing step S400 may include a reference light reflecting step S410 for reflecting the first distribution light to the reference mirror 312 of the reference arm 310 and proceeding to the second optical coupler 400, And a sample light reflecting step S420 of rearward scattering the distributed light by the sample 322 of the sample arm 320 and advancing the scattered light to the second optical coupler 400. [

The second combined light forming step S500 is a step of forming a second combined light by combining the first divided light and the second divided light input into the second optical coupler 400 into a single combined light, S600 is a step of receiving an interference signal from a second coupling light formed in the second optical coupling part 400 and imaging the interference signal.

The tissue classification step S700 is a step of detecting and classifying lipid components of the arteriosclerosis group through imaging according to the extinction coefficient processed in the data processing step S600.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the case of the 1200 nm wavelength region output from the first light source unit 110, there is a slope difference, whereas the second light source unit 120 In the case of the wavelength region of 1300 nm outputted from the photodetector.

That is, the attenuation coefficient of a signal obtained by using a light source of a wavelength range of 1200 nm (first light source) and the comparison of subtraction or division of a damping coefficient of a signal obtained by using a light source of a wavelength region of 1300 nm (second light source) And when the comparison value between the attenuation coefficients falls within a predetermined range, the lipid component can be evaluated and detected.

In Fig. 5, green and blue in Fig. 5 indicate the intensity profile and tilt (tangential) of the lipid component, orange and red are the intensity profile of the collagen and its slope, and gray and black are the intensity profile and slope of calcium .

In other words, when the image obtained by using the light source (first light source) in the 1200 nm wavelength region is analyzed to obtain the damping coefficient, the coefficient of the lipid component, collagen, and calcium is decreased in order of the comparison of the damping coefficient.

On the other hand, when using a light source of 1300 nm wavelength (second light source), lipid components and collagen have almost similar attenuation coefficients, and calcium has a damping coefficient smaller than lipid and collagen, , It is possible to detect and sort according to the constituents of the tissue.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. It is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

100:
110: first light source part 120: second light source part
200: first optical coupling part
300: circulation part
310: Reference arm
311: first distribution optical path 312: reference mirror
320: Sample arm
321: second distribution optical path 322: sample
330: Circulator
400: second optical coupling portion
500:
510: Data collecting unit 520: Imaging unit
S100: light output step
S200: first coupling light forming step
S300: Distribution light forming step
S400: Distribution light progressing step
S410: Reflected reference light step S420:
S500: second coupling light forming step
S600: Data processing step
S700: Organization Classification Phase

Claims (6)

delete delete delete delete delete A light output step (S100) of outputting light having a different wavelength band;
A first combined light forming step (S200) of combining light beams having different wavelength bands output from the light outputting step (S100) into one to form a first combined light beam;
A divided light forming step (S300) of dividing the first combined light into the first divided light and the second divided light;
A reference light reflecting step S410 of reflecting the first distribution light to the reference mirror 312 of the reference arm 310 and a sample light reflection step S410 of rearward scattering the second distribution light by the sample 322 of the sample arm 320. [ A distribution light progress step S400 including step S420;
A second combined light forming step (S500) of combining the first divided light and the second divided light to form a second combined light;
A data processing step (S600) of receiving and imaging the interference signal from the second combined light; And
And a tissue classification step (S700) of classifying the tissue of the arteriosclerosis group through imaging based on the extinction coefficient processed in the data processing step (S600).
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