KR101629493B1 - Apparatus and Method for Extracting the Difference of Amplitude and Phase between Multi Pilot Signals - Google Patents

Apparatus and Method for Extracting the Difference of Amplitude and Phase between Multi Pilot Signals Download PDF

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KR101629493B1
KR101629493B1 KR1020150099276A KR20150099276A KR101629493B1 KR 101629493 B1 KR101629493 B1 KR 101629493B1 KR 1020150099276 A KR1020150099276 A KR 1020150099276A KR 20150099276 A KR20150099276 A KR 20150099276A KR 101629493 B1 KR101629493 B1 KR 101629493B1
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signal
amplitude
phase difference
low
pass filter
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이동관
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주식회사 유캐스트
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and a method for extracting an amplitude and a phase difference between multiple pilot signals capable of generating a signal to track a satellite by receiving multiple mode mono-pulse signals. The device for extracting the amplitude and the phase difference between the multiple pilot signals comprises: a digital down converter unit which digitalizes a first pilot signal and a second pilot signal, and transits the same to a low frequency; a Doppler estimating unit which estimates a Doppler frequency included in a signal passing the digital down converter unit; a Doppler compensating unit which compensates the signal by using the Doppler frequency estimated in the Doppler estimating unit; a first low-pass filter which removes noise from the signal outputted in the Doppler compensating unit; a down sampling unit which reduces the amount of data by decimating the signal passing the first low-pass filter; a phase recovering unit which removes the components of the Doppler frequency after the first filter, and uses a second low-pass filter having a narrow bandwidth; the second low-pass filter which removes the noise from the output signal of the phase recovering unit; and an amplitude and phase extracting unit which extracts the amplitude and the phase difference from both pilot signals based on the output signal of the second low-pass filter. The present invention can extract the amplitude and the phase difference to track the satellite accurately.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for extracting amplitude and phase difference between multiple pilot signals,

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for extracting amplitude and phase difference between multiple pilot signals for generating a signal for tracking a satellite by receiving a multi-mode monopulse signal, and more particularly, And more particularly to an apparatus and method for extracting amplitude and phase difference between multiple pilot signals for more precisely extracting the amplitude and phase difference between a pilot signal (first pilot) and a higher-order mode (second pilot).

In order to track a satellite in real time on a high-speed mobile, a precise satellite tracking system must be provided. Particularly, in a device mounted on a vehicle and tracking a satellite, it is necessary to precisely and downsized / lightweight.

Conventionally, the step tracking method is mainly used for small size and light weight. However, this method has a limit to increase the tracking accuracy. Therefore, even when the structure of the antenna is complicated, a multi-mode monopulse tracking method with fast accuracy and tracking time is used.

Generally, in a multi-mode monopulse tracking system, angle error information is obtained by using a higher-order mode signal having the same frequency as a fundamental mode signal excited when an antenna beam axis deviates from a satellite direction.

However, since the intensity of the fundamental mode signal and the high-order mode signal from the satellite is very small, there is a problem of requiring a large-sized antenna.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a receiver structure and a signal compensation method for maximally deriving a difference in amplitude and phase for satellite tracking even when the pilot signal from the satellite is very weak.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for extracting amplitude and phase difference between multiple pilot signals for extracting amplitude and phase difference between a first pilot signal and a second pilot signal, And a Doppler estimator for estimating a Doppler frequency inherent in a signal that has passed through the digital down-converter, a Doppler estimator for estimating a Doppler frequency estimated by the Doppler estimator, A first low-pass filter for removing noise from a signal output from the Doppler compensator, a second low-pass filter for decimating a signal passing through the first low-pass filter, A downsampling unit for reducing the amount of Doppler frequency components, a Doppler frequency component remaining in the signal passed through the downsampling unit, A phase recovery unit for removing the phase-locked loop; A second order low-pass filter for removing noise from the output signal of the phase recovery unit, and an amplitude and phase extraction unit for extracting an amplitude and a phase difference between the two pilot signals based on the second low-pass filter output signal.

In addition, the apparatus further includes an SNR estimator for estimating a signal-to-noise ratio from the output signal of the first-order low-pass filter, and the bandwidth of the second-order low-pass filter can be determined using the estimated signal-to- noise ratio.

The digital down-converter unit may include an ADC for converting an analog signal into a digital signal, a DDC for shifting the digital signal so that the center frequency of the digital signal is zero, and a low-pass filter for removing noise .

In addition, the Doppler compensator can compensate by using a cosine function and a sine function that are stored in advance.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of extracting an amplitude and a phase difference between multiple pilot signals, the method comprising: digitizing a first pilot signal and a second pilot signal and transiting to a lower frequency; Estimating a Doppler frequency inherent to the signal, compensating the shifted signal using the estimated Doppler frequency, performing a first order low-pass filtering to remove noise from the compensated signal, A step of decimating the signal that has undergone the low-pass filtering to reduce the amount of data, a phase recovery step of removing the Doppler frequency component remaining in the decimated data, A second low-pass filtering step for removing the second low-pass filtered output signal, It may include the step of extracting the amplitude and phase difference between the pilot signal.

In addition, the method of extracting the amplitude and phase difference between multiple pilot signals may further include estimating a signal-to-noise ratio from an output signal of the first-order low-pass filter, and using the estimated signal- You can decide.

The step of digitizing the first pilot signal and the second pilot signal and transiting to a lower frequency includes converting an analog signal into a digital signal, and shifting the digital signal such that the center frequency of the digital signal is zero And a low-pass filtering step for removing noise.

The step of compensating the shifted signal using the estimated Doppler frequency may be compensated by using a cosine function and a sine function which are stored in advance.

According to the present invention, it is possible to extract the amplitude and the phase difference with respect to the error accurately and quickly, thereby enabling the satellite to be tracked more quickly and accurately.

1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for extracting amplitude and phase difference between pilot signals according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a block diagram of a digital down-converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a diagram showing a change in a signal that the pilot signal experiences as it passes through each section of FIG.

In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the subject matter of the present invention.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but, on the contrary, But should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the same or corresponding components will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description thereof will be omitted.

1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for extracting amplitude and phase difference between pilot signals according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, an apparatus 100 for extracting amplitude and phase difference between pilot signals includes a digital down converter (DDC) 110, a Doppler estimator 120, a Doppler compensator 190, A low pass filter (LPF) 130, a downsampling unit 140, a phase recovery unit 150, a secondary low pass filter 160, an SNR estimation unit 170, (Not shown).

2 is a block diagram of a digital down-converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2, the digital down-converter 110 includes an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) 111 for converting a pilot signal input through an antenna to a digital signal, a DDC (Digital Down Converter) 113, and a low-pass filter 115 for removing noise. At this time, the bandwidth of the low-pass filter 115 can be determined in consideration of the maximum Doppler frequency. The digital down-converter unit 110 may be applied to the two input pilot signals.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the Doppler estimator 120 may estimate the Doppler frequency inherent to the input pilot. Doppler frequency estimation may be performed for both input pilot signals, but only for one pilot signal having a stronger signal strength. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of performing Doppler frequency estimation only on the first pilot signal.

Doppler frequency estimation performs N-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The larger the N is, the more accurate Doppler estimation is possible. However, since the Doppler variation in the FFT section increases, the bandwidth of the first low-pass filter 130 can be increased in proportion to N. [ Since the amount of noise that can be removed is reduced when the bandwidth of the first low-pass filter 130 is increased, the SNR (Sing-to-Noise Ratio) improvement by the first low-pass filter 130 can be damaged. Therefore, the size N of the FFT should be appropriately determined so that it is not too large.

The Doppler frequency can be varied with time, and it is assumed that the variation is less than V Hz / sec and the maximum Doppler frequency is assumed to be W Hz. If the sampling rate for the signal passed through the digital down-converter 110 is S sample / sec, S> 2W by the Nyquist sampling theorem. And the bandwidth X of the first-order low-pass filter 130 should satisfy the following equation (1).

Figure 112015067632037-pat00001

If the number of taps of the first-order low-pass filter 130 is K, the following equation (2) should also be satisfied.

Figure 112015067632037-pat00002

For accurate Doppler estimation, the larger the value of N, the better, and in order to remove the noise as much as possible through the first-order low-pass filter 130, the smaller the bandwidth X, the better. However, when N is large, the bandwidth X becomes large. In order to reduce the bandwidth, the number of taps K must also be small. That is, there is a tradeoff between N, bandwidth (X), and number of taps (K).

For example, considering the case where the maximum Doppler frequency is 10KHz or less and the Doppler shift per second is 1450Hz / sec, the input signal may have a sampling rate of 20Ksps (sample per second), and a 1024-point FFT may be used for Doppler estimation . In this case, 1024 samples correspond to 51.2ms of input information. Therefore, the maximum frequency variation amount in the FFT section is 1450x0,0512 = 74.24Hz. Therefore, in this case, the bandwidth of the first-order low-pass filter 130 should be 74.24 Hz or more and the number of taps should be 1024 or less.

 The Doppler compensator 190 may use a 16-bit resolution trigonometric function table prepared in advance to compensate the estimated Doppler frequency. The trigonometric function table can store cosine and sine function values having a phase resolution of 2? / N and a Nyquist sampling time (51.2 ms in the embodiment) in one cycle. By applying the compensated value of the estimated Doppler frequency to the input pilot signal, the inputted pilot signal can be made close to DC (direct current), and the bandwidth is reduced when passing through the first low-pass filter 130, The SNR of the signal can be improved.

The first-order low-pass filter 130 can improve the SNR of the input pilot signal, and in particular, the SNR improvement of the basic mode signal may be very important for the phase recovery of the next stage. have. The bandwidth of the first-order low-pass filter 130 can be determined by the above-described equations (1) and / or (2).

The down-sampling unit 140 may reduce the amount of the signal that has passed through the first-order low-pass filter 130. The frequency component of the operation result signal of the first-order low-pass filter 130 is limited to a maximum of X Hz. From this, additional decimation can be performed to reduce the load of the second-order low-pass filter.

The phase recovery unit 150 may perform phase recovery, which completely eliminates the Doppler component remaining in each signal by multiplying each pilot signal by the complex conjugate of the first pilot signal. The phase of the first pilot signal is 0, the phase variation of the second pilot signal due to the Doppler is removed, and only the phase difference component with respect to the first pilot signal that has existed from the beginning It remains. By performing the phase recovery, the second-order low-pass filter 160 performs filtering on the input signal with a narrow bandwidth within a few Hz, thereby maximizing the SNR improvement.

For the phase recovery to be successful, the SNR of the pilot signal after passing through the first-order low-pass filter 130 must be sufficiently high. Otherwise, phase recovery may be inaccurate due to noise present in the pilot signal, resulting in performance degradation.

The second-order low-pass filter 160 may be applied to further improve the SNR for the signal that has passed through the first-order low-pass filter 130. Since the bandwidth (Y) of the second-order low-pass filter 160 is less than a few Hz and the SNR is high, it is less than 1 Hz, so the complete removal of the Doppler frequency may be required in the previous stage. The bandwidth of the second-order low-pass filter 160 can be determined based on the SNR estimator 170 estimating the SNR of the signal after passing through the first-order low-pass filter 130. This is because as the SNR of the pilot after the first-order low-pass filter 130 is higher, the bandwidth of the second-order low-pass filter is further narrowed to remove the maximum noise, so that the amplitude and phase difference can be extracted also for a very low pilot signal.

The amplitude and phase extraction unit 180 can extract the difference between the amplitude and the phase of the first pilot signal and the second pilot signal that have passed through the second-order low-pass filter 160. The extracted amplitude and phase difference can be utilized to match the beam axis of the antenna to the satellite.

3 is a diagram showing a change in a signal that the pilot signal experiences as it passes through each section of FIG.

Referring to FIG. 3, the first pilot signal passes through the digital down-converter unit 110 and can be expressed as a signal of the following formula (3).

Figure 112015067632037-pat00003

here,

Figure 112015067632037-pat00004
Is the Doppler frequency at time n,
Figure 112015067632037-pat00005
Represents the size of the first pilot signal.
Figure 112015067632037-pat00006
Represents a noise signal.

The signal after the digital down-converter 110 for the second pilot signal can be expressed by the following equation (4).

Figure 112015067632037-pat00007

here

Figure 112015067632037-pat00008
Represents the magnitude ratio of the second pilot signal with respect to the first pilot, and is a variable that can represent the difference in amplitude to be sought in the present invention. Also
Figure 112015067632037-pat00009
Is a variable indicating the phase difference between the first pilot signal and the second pilot signal,
Figure 112015067632037-pat00010
Is a noise signal.

When the signal is passed through the Doppler compensator 190, the Doppler frequency component disappears and the estimate (

Figure 112015067632037-pat00011
) And actual
Figure 112015067632037-pat00012
) Between the
Figure 112015067632037-pat00013
) Component exists and can be expressed as the following equation (5).

Figure 112015067632037-pat00014

Figure 112015067632037-pat00015
(Second pilot signal)

When the signal passes through the first-order low-pass filter 130, only the noise component is removed,

Figure 112015067632037-pat00016
And the second pilot signal
Figure 112015067632037-pat00017
Is significantly reduced in size.

The operation of the phase recovery unit 150 may be represented by BA * / A | in accordance with the following equation. ≪ EMI ID = 6.0 >

Figure 112015067632037-pat00018

At this time,

Figure 112015067632037-pat00019
(6) can be reduced to the following Equation (7). &Quot; (7) "

Figure 112015067632037-pat00020

Here, when the signal is passed through the second-order low-pass filter 160, the noise component in Equation (7) can be mostly removed and the following Equation (8) can be obtained.

Figure 112015067632037-pat00021

The amplitude and phase extracting unit 180 calculates an amplitude difference (a) between the first pilot signal and the second pilot signal from Equation (8)

Figure 112015067632037-pat00022
) And phase difference (
Figure 112015067632037-pat00023
) Can be obtained.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims and their equivalents. Only. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.

Claims (8)

An apparatus for extracting amplitude and phase difference between multiple pilot signals for extracting amplitude and phase difference between a first pilot signal and a second pilot signal,
A digital down converter for digitizing the first pilot signal and the second pilot signal and transiting to a low frequency;
A Doppler estimator for estimating a Doppler frequency inherent in a signal passed through the digital down-converter;
A Doppler compensator for compensating the signal using the Doppler frequency estimated by the Doppler estimator;
A first-order low-pass filter for removing noise from a signal output from the Doppler compensator;
A down-sampling unit for decimating a signal passed through the first-order low-pass filter to reduce the amount of data;
A phase recovery unit for removing a Doppler frequency component remaining in a signal passed through the downsampling unit;
A second order low-pass filter for removing noise from an output signal of the phase recovery unit; And
An amplitude and phase extraction unit for extracting an amplitude and a phase difference between the two pilot signals based on the second low-pass filter output signal;
And extracting an amplitude and phase difference between the multiple pilot signals. The method according to claim 1,
An SNR estimator for estimating a signal-to-noise ratio from an output signal of the first-order low-pass filter;
Further comprising:
Wherein the bandwidth of the second low-pass filter is determined using the estimated S / N ratio. The digital down-converter according to claim 1,
An ADC that converts an analog signal to a digital signal;
A DDC that transitions the digital signal so that the center frequency of the digital signal is zero; And
Comprising a low pass filter for removing noise,
An apparatus for amplitude and phase difference extraction between multiple pilot signals. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the Doppler compensator comprises:
Using a pre-stored cosine function and a sine function,
An apparatus for amplitude and phase difference extraction between multiple pilot signals. A method for extracting an amplitude and a phase difference between multiple pilot signals for extracting amplitude and phase difference between a first pilot signal and a second pilot signal,
Digitizing the first pilot signal and the second pilot signal and transitioning to a lower frequency;
Estimating a Doppler frequency inherent in the shifted signal;
Compensating the shifted signal using the estimated Doppler frequency;
Performing first order low pass filtering to remove noise from the compensated signal;
Reducing the amount of data by decimating the signal that has undergone the first-order low-pass filtering;
A phase recovering step of removing a Doppler frequency component remaining in the decimated data;

A second order low-pass filtering step for removing noise from the phase recovered data; And
Extracting an amplitude and a phase difference between the two pilot signals based on the second low-pass filtered output signal;
And extracting an amplitude and phase difference between the multiple pilot signals. 6. The method of claim 5,
Estimating a signal-to-noise ratio from the signal that has undergone the first-order low-pass filtering;
Further comprising:
And determining a bandwidth of the second-order low-pass filtering using the estimated S / N ratio. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of digitizing the first pilot signal and the second pilot signal and transiting to a lower frequency comprises:
Converting an analog signal to a digital signal;
Transitioning the digital signal so that the center frequency of the digital signal is zero; And
A low-pass filtering step of removing noise;
And extracting an amplitude and a phase difference between the multiple pilot signals. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the compensating the shifted signal using the estimated Doppler frequency comprises:
Using a pre-stored cosine function and a sine function,
A method for extracting amplitude and phase difference between multiple pilot signals.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102066742B1 (en) * 2019-04-22 2020-01-15 국방과학연구소 Apparatus and method for calibrating mono-pulse of aesa radar
KR20220158139A (en) * 2021-05-20 2022-11-30 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 Digital monopulse antenna reception module, antenna apparatus for monopulse satellite tracking with the same, and method of tracking satellite

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JPH11271414A (en) * 1998-03-26 1999-10-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Tracking receiver
KR20050087784A (en) * 2002-10-04 2005-08-31 시그네이브 피티와이 엘티디. Satellite-based positioning system improvement
KR20060011186A (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-03 한국전자통신연구원 Apparatus and method for adaptive frequency phase locked loop
KR20140076804A (en) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-23 국방과학연구소 Transmitting and Receiving Device for Synthetic Aperture Radar and Performance Analysis Method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11271414A (en) * 1998-03-26 1999-10-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Tracking receiver
KR20050087784A (en) * 2002-10-04 2005-08-31 시그네이브 피티와이 엘티디. Satellite-based positioning system improvement
KR20060011186A (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-02-03 한국전자통신연구원 Apparatus and method for adaptive frequency phase locked loop
KR20140076804A (en) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-23 국방과학연구소 Transmitting and Receiving Device for Synthetic Aperture Radar and Performance Analysis Method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102066742B1 (en) * 2019-04-22 2020-01-15 국방과학연구소 Apparatus and method for calibrating mono-pulse of aesa radar
KR20220158139A (en) * 2021-05-20 2022-11-30 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 Digital monopulse antenna reception module, antenna apparatus for monopulse satellite tracking with the same, and method of tracking satellite
KR102518670B1 (en) * 2021-05-20 2023-04-07 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 Digital monopulse antenna reception module, antenna apparatus for monopulse satellite tracking with the same, and method of tracking satellite

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