KR101328482B1 - Hybrid controller of orchard with ubiquitous sensor network - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a hybrid orchard management device interworking with a ubiquitous sensor network, embedded hardware that can operate independently, a base node connected to the embedded hardware by wire or wirelessly and interoperating with one or more sensor networks to receive or transmit. And the embedded hardware is linked to a monitoring device through wired or wireless communication, and the at least one sensor network is connected to a ubiquitous sensor network made of any one or more of temperature, humidity, roughness, soil moisture, and soil ph sensors. A hybrid orchard management device, and the hybrid orchard management device interworking with the ubiquitous sensor network enables efficient management of the orchard.

Description

HYBRID CONTROLLER OF ORCHARD WITH UBIQUITOUS SENSOR NETWORK}

The present invention, specifically the temperature required for orchard management, light (光), and the gaseous environment factors of relative humidity, CO _2, such as soil moisture, soil temperature (地溫) relates to a hybrid orchard management unit linking the ubiquitous sensor network Through the ubiquitous sensor network (USN), which wirelessly detects, stores, processes, and integrates information on soil environmental factors such as soil content, pH, and pH, it responds comprehensively to the management complexity arising from various over-management factors. The present invention relates to a hybrid over-the-counter management device incorporating a ubiquitous sensor network that can be controlled.

(1) Status of domestic research

-The basic concept of USN is known in Korea, but there are no examples of application in agriculture, and some of the sensor nodes and related parts of the USN equipment are localized, but most of them use imported products.

The basic research on fruit cultivation using USN was conducted as part of R & D project of specialized crops in 2009, and it was judged that USN can effectively measure major orchard management factors.

-As a related study in Korea, the Rural Horticulture Research Institute developed an automatic irrigation system for fruiting to control crop growth environment and working conditions.

Research into the use of ARM microprocessors has been attempted in engineering, but no attempt has been made to apply its benefits to agriculture or, in particular, orchard management.

(2) Status of Overseas Research

The application of USNs outside of Korea is limited, and the application of fruit management is in the stage of conception.

There are only a few reports on the use of wireless communications in advanced agricultural countries such as the United States, but there are no fruitful applications of the versatile USN and ARM control systems.

The Japanese Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research has attempted to manage crop growth environment data using a Wi-Fi communication network and a web camera.

Israel's Pytok talks about the practical use of 400MHz band wireless network and CDMA data communication to control irrigation by monitoring plant growth.

In the US, Spectrum technology has developed and distributed pest-related applications for data communication by connecting CDMA to 800MHz wireless network.

An object of the present invention is to provide an efficient ubiquitous sensor network device for integrated automatic measurement of meteorological and soil environmental factors in over-management, and a hybrid over-management device integrating a ubiquitous sensor network using sensor integrated output of a ubiquitous sensor network device. ,

A specific first object of the present invention is ubiquitous, characterized in that it is composed of an embedded hardware that can operate independently, a base node that is connected to the embedded hardware by wire or wirelessly and interworks with one or more sensor networks. The present invention is to provide a hybrid over-the-counter management device in conjunction with a sensor network.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid over-management device in conjunction with the ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that the at least one sensor network is any one or more of temperature, humidity, roughness, soil moisture, soil ph sensor.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid over-the-counter management apparatus incorporating a ubiquitous sensor network, wherein the embedded hardware is linked to a monitoring apparatus through wired or wireless communication.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid over-management device in which the one or more sensor networks are linked with a ubiquitous sensor network, which can increase a network connection distance through communication between networks.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid oversight management device incorporating a ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that the one or more sensor networks have a built-in independent program and transmit sensor values measured automatically or at the request of a server. It is in doing it.

Still another object of the present invention is a hybrid oversight management device in conjunction with a ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that the monitoring device transmits a command to one or more sensor networks by input signals such as a keyboard and a mouse, and receives and displays sensor values. Is to provide.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid over-management device incorporating a ubiquitous sensor network, further comprising one or more output networks.

Still another object of the present invention is the one or more output network using a relay, a hybrid over-management device in conjunction with the ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that the external control of any one or more of the motor, solenoid valve on and off. It is to offer.

Another object of the present invention is a hybrid over-management device in conjunction with the ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that the one or more output network can control any one or more of the motor, solenoid valve using a separate power source. It is to offer.

Still another object of the present invention is a method for controlling a hybrid over-management device in conjunction with a ubiquitous sensor network, wherein the input of one or more sensor networks is less than a reference value, and the output network closest to the measured sensor network It is to provide a control method of a hybrid over-management device in conjunction with a ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that to supply the soil by driving the solenoid valve and / or motor of the.

The present invention comprises an embedded hardware that can operate independently, a base node connected to the embedded hardware in a wired or wireless manner and receiving or transmitting in conjunction with one or more sensor networks, the embedded hardware is a wired or wireless communication The at least one sensor network is linked to the monitoring device, and the hybrid orthographic management device is interlocked with a ubiquitous sensor network made of any one or more of temperature, humidity, roughness, soil moisture, and soil ph sensors.

The present invention develops an efficient ubiquitous sensor network device for integrated automatic measurement of meteorological and soil environmental factors of over-management, and uses the integrated sensor output of the ubiquitous sensor network device in a hybrid over-the-counter management device interworking with a ubiquitous sensor network. By doing so, efficient management of the orchard was possible.

1 is a sensor and control node of the over-management USN system
2 is a LabVIEW graphical program for interfacing with a light sensor
3 is the actual layout of the LabVIEW PC console program
4 is a graph display of sensor values
5 is a satellite image of the experimental orchard

(1) In the hybrid orchard management apparatus interworking with the ubiquitous sensor network of the present invention, specific details for constructing an efficient ubiquitous sensor network apparatus for integrated automatic measurement of meteorological and soil environmental factors of over-management are as follows. .

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN), developed by sensor technology and wireless communication technology, is sometimes referred to as wireless sensor network (WSN). The two main functions of the ubiquitous sensor network (USN) are to propagate data about the occurrence of the situation to each sensor node, and collect data received by each individual sensor node and pass it to the user through the sink.

The USN consists of a communication network in an ad-hoc manner, and includes a sensor for data collection, an MCU for processing and controlling the collected sensor information, and a wireless communication unit for transferring the collected wireless information. The scope of activity of the sensor network can be managed and monitored in real time on the network by attaching sensors that can monitor individual information in all objects and environments such as animal management, home network, hospital patient management, environment and pollution monitoring. Places can be used anywhere.

The USN follows the communication protocol based on the network layer and application layer defined by the ZigBee federation that exist on the PHY layer and MAC layer of IEEE802.15.4. 1 shows a ZigBee protocol stack. In the frequency band used for ZigBee, a single channel of 868 MHz is used in Europe, 10 channels centered at 915 MHz in North America, and 16 channels in 2.4 GHz.

Overall, it can be seen that 27 frequency channels are used in three frequency bands. Recently, most companies have released ZigBee Transceiver of 2.4GHz band, which has the highest transmission speed.

The transmit power is generally in the range of 10m to 75m, 75m / 1mW or less, and it is common to have a power consumption of 30mA for the transmission. However, the amount of power consumed can be reduced by changing the transmission power to S / W according to the geographical location and the external environment of the place to be used. In the case of the 2.4 GHz RF, it guarantees a communication distance of 30 m indoors and 100 m in an outdoor environment.

The method of constructing the USN greatly influences the transmission accuracy and the energy usage form of the transport packet according to the method. Therefore, the routing method of USN has been studied in various ways, such as flat-based routing (Directed Diffusion, Gradient Based Routing, Energy-aware routing, etc.), location-based routing (Greedy Based Routing, Location Hop Counter; Directional Flooding, etc.), layer-based routing ( Several routing protocols have been proposed, such as LEACH, PEGASIS, etc. Figure 2 includes the relative location diagram of the location-based routing protocol in addition to layer-based routing.

I. Design and Implementation of USN for Effective Overage Management

It is analyzed that the spread of sensor network and sensor node is not diverse in Korea. However, in terms of performance and price, Mote sensor nodes were found to be suitable for integrative measurement, which is a major factor in over-management.

The sensor network selected in the present invention was a ZigBex series of Hanbaek Electronics developed by domestic technology based on the published protocol. 3 shows an example of a detailed configuration of the sensor node.

Sensor nodes are largely the Mica Atmel AVR series and Telos TI MSP430 series, but the selected system is the Mica node. The MCU is equipped with a low-power 8-bit clock RISC CPU (Atmel's Atmega series). In the present invention, the open S / W is operated based on the tiny TinyOS operating system, TinyDB database, and NesC extension language. TinyOS is used in Mica series sensor nodes and developed / distributed as open software at Stanford University.

TinyOS is an event-driven architecture with a single stack of memory built on top of the NesC language and compactly mounted to maximize the limited use of energy encountered in sensor networks.

NesC is a component programming language developed for the sensor network based on the existing C language. Such a component language combines a single application program form by connecting several component blocks. In particular, since only the libraries and kernel components necessary for one application program to be loaded on the sensor node are loaded, the code size is small and the program is more convenient than the existing C language. In addition, the scheduler running in TinyOS's Main function is a simple FIFO type with no kernel and no dynamic and virtual memory.

The wireless RF module is a CC2420 based on IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee. Among various sensors, temperature, humidity, and illuminance sensors are on-chip to increase the convenience of measurement, and the laser, motion detector, and GPS sensors are configured to be interoperable by modularization.

Nodes Selected in USN Measurement System and Their Characteristics Classi - fication Node no . T / H / P
sense Cont . signal Data Structure
to Basetation Remark Base
Station 0 No No Camera One No No Depending on camera Camera
Replaceable GPS 2 Yes No typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint8_t gps [64];} Latitude, longitude,
Output to height Motion detector 3 Yes No typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint16_t pir;} organism
Access CO2 4 Yes No typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint16_t co2;} Soil
pH 5 Yes No typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint16_t ph;} Soil
moisture 6 Yes No typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint16_t moist;} Extra
THP 7 Yes No typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;} Important point
THP measurement Relay # 1 8 Yes Yes typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint8_t relay1;} AC motor
on / off Relay # 2 9 Yes Yes typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint8_t relay2;} AC motor
on / off Relay # 3 10 No Yes AC Power_on with Node # 3 AC
Control 11 Yes Yes typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint8_t relayAC;} AC Power
up and down
(Dimmer) DC
Control 12 Yes Yes typedef {uint8_t NodeNo;
uint16_t temp;
uint16_t humi;
uint16_t photo;
uint8_t relayDC;} DC Motor
(or power)
on / off

In the present invention, the temperature, humidity, and roughness were selected as basic factors to be measured for efficient over-management, and the carbon dioxide content in the air, the moisture, and the pH level of the soil were selected as application factors. In addition, as an application factor, a biological heat sensor that detects the access of a pest or an animal approaching an orchard, a GPS position sensor for applying the characteristics of a GIS in connection with an orchard in the future, or for special monitoring for real time or orchard Imaging camera sensor was included.

Furthermore, after analyzing the values of several sensors transmitted by ARM control system, two AC motors are used as control factors to control actuators to manage sprinkler feed pump, fertilizer and control machine, lighting system according to decision of over management. On / off control channel and AC power on / off channel, power level channel which continuously control the output of one AC and DC are selected. In particular, the actuator control signal generated by the ARM control system is transmitted to each actuator wirelessly through the corresponding node of each channel.

Table 1 shows the characteristics of the sensor and the actuator control node selected in the present invention. In the second column, the node number is a number that distinguishes compatible wireless communication packets in each channel in wireless communication. As shown in Table 1, control signals are exclusively managed by the situation of node 0, which is a base station, a camera node 1 that is overloaded due to a large amount of wireless data transmission, and node 3, which includes living organisms, as shown in Table 1 above. Ten nodes, except for relay node 10, which play its own role, such as the positioning signal transmission of GPS node 2, transmit the basic measurement factors such as temperature, humidity, and illuminance values to the ARM control system. Values contribute to decision making for efficient fruit management.

Column 5 in Table 1 shows the data structure of a packet that each measurement node uses when transmitting its measured values wirelessly to the base station. This data is digitally parsed and the correct value is transmitted to the DB of the ARM control system. And stored. Nodes 8 and 9 are control modules for electric motors that are in charge of water supply, control, or fertilizer spraying. Modules that control electrical input and output wirelessly according to the decision of ARM control system. Node 11 in charge of AC control is a module to control the size of AC power that enters Actuator. It is mainly used as a module to control electromagnetic actuator. Also, node 12 in charge of DC control will control the actuator for DC such as solenoid valve.

The wireless measurement unit and the wireless control unit of the USN system designed in the present invention can be easily extended and can be added at any time from the node number 13 when a measurement node needs to be added. Likewise, if the node number does not conflict with the wireless relay control unit, In theory, infinite expansion is possible.

All. Construction and characteristics of major measurement nodes and control nodes

As shown in Fig. 1, the basestation node (a) is a sink node of an over-management USN system, which is directly connected to the ARM control system through serial communication, and accepts sensor values sent from measurement nodes scattered in the orchard. It plays a role of wirelessly transmitting the control signal of the actuator determined by the control system to the corresponding node.

The camera node (b) has a C328-7640 image sensor and uses an ATmega128 processor as a CPU for image processing. The C328-7640 module has a built-in JPEG CODEC compression engine that can be used with 7 different color types and 4 image sizes through TinyOS. In the present invention, the green color type and the 640x480 image size are used. However, unlike other sensor nodes, the data of the image processing is large, and thus, the transmission of wireless data from other sensors is limited during image transmission.

The GPS node (c) is equipped with a SiRFstar III GPS receiver, and the module measures the latitude, longitude and altitude wirelessly every 512 ms and transmits it to the ARM control system. Send out humidity, illuminance. GPS, temperature, humidity, and illumination measurement time can be changed in seconds, depending on the application, and can be set in hours or days. In the present invention, the measurement time was shortened to 5 seconds because it is in the system development stage.

The motion detector node (d) uses Nippon Ceramic's RE200B PIR (Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor) sensor, which has the ability to detect a relatively wide range in the X-axis direction and 138 degrees in the Y-axis direction. The PIR sensor uses the pyroelectric effect of infrared rays to detect living organisms in the range of 10 to 15 meters through the thermal energy of the infrared region emitted by living organisms.

CO ₂ node (e) is a node for measuring carbon dioxide in the air in the region to measure the content of carbon dioxide in the range of 0 ~ 3000ppm. The CO ₂ measurement of the node is based on non-dispersive infrared (NDIR). This refers to the absorbance of light to a specific wavelength of gas, and CO ₂ absorbs the most IR at 4.26㎛ and measures the concentration of CO ₂ through it. At this node, the CO ₂ readings are updated every 2 seconds with a precision of ± 2 ppm, but the basestation sends them out wirelessly at fixed times.

Soil pH node (f) amplified the pH sensor to a port that changes the analog signal to digital input signal. The input signal is measured by converting a signal of 0 to 3V with 10-bit precision.

The soil moisture sensor connected to the soil moisture node (g) is an electrode type moisture content sensor that measures soil moisture from 0 to 99.9% with an error of ± 2%. Soil moisture is measured after the measuring rod is placed in the ground, and the value is transmitted to the basestation wirelessly through the mote every fixed time.

la. Management Program of Orchard Management USN

Overworking The USN system is based on wireless communication and works with TinyOS firmly based on the NEsC programming language. The node basically measures and transmits temperature / humidity / illuminance, and simultaneously indicates GPS position information as an application sensor.

(2) The details of the hybrid over-the-counter management device integrating the ubiquitous sensor network using the sensor integrated output of the ubiquitous sensor network device are as follows.

A. Development of hybrid orchard management device operation program

The hybrid orchard management apparatus of the present invention was developed using a LabVIEW program developed by National Instrument of America.

An ARM core-based hardware platform that simplifies program development and can be integrated with LabVIEW and embedded LabVIEW for later maintenance and debugging. We developed a new LabVIEW program and an embedded LabVIEW program that runs on an ARM core-based hardware platform.

First, when describing an embedded LabVIEW program, it is programmed in the same programming environment as in LabVIEW as shown in FIG. 2, except that the program is written in a form of controlling inputs and outputs on nodes defined in device development and input / output ports for each node. There is a difference.

A LabVIEW program running on a PC is a central component that will play a role as an independent program even in the absence of an administrator.

FIG. 3 shows the actual layout of the LabVIEW PC console program. FIG. 4 shows the graphical display of wirelessly transmitted values from USN such as temperature / humidity / illuminance. The graphical display shows the trend of the measured values and is reflected in the decision making process.

In the present invention, the measurement factors such as temperature, humidity, roughness, soil moisture, soil nutrients, motion detectors, GPS and CO2 measuring sensors were set based on the selection of the main management factors necessary for managing the orchard. Basic characteristics were tested for temperature, humidity and illuminance.

Wireless Measurements of Major Sensor Nodes in Experimental Orchards Node RF data
to ARM  Control system Remarks Camera

Still image GPS Latitude 36.57;
Longitude 127.5495;
Height 149.50 motion
Detection Yes (Boolean 1) Creature Approach CO2 180.5 ppm average soil
pH 6.7 Almost neutral soil
moisture Average 32.5% Relay 1 Yes AC power
on / off

Table 2 shows an example of radiometric values of emission from the major sensor nodes and control nodes in the verification experiments of the USN measurement system and ARM control system performed in the experimental orchard. In Table 2, the GPS sensor shows the location of the experimental orchard at latitude 36.57 ° and longitude 127.5495 °, and the satellite image of the orchard location is shown in FIG.

Claims (10)

An embedded hardware capable of operating independently, a base node connected to the embedded hardware by wire or wirelessly and configured to receive and transmit by interworking with one or more sensor networks and one or more output networks, interworking with a ubiquitous sensor network. In hybrid orchard management device,
The embedded hardware is linked to the monitoring device via wired or wireless communication;
The sensor network has a built-in independent program and transmits the measured values of temperature, humidity, roughness, soil moisture, and soil pH sensor to the base node by automatic or server request, and establishes a network connection distance through communication between sensors or output networks. Increases;
The output network may control on or off at least one of a motor and a solenoid valve by using a separate power source, and if the input of the soil moisture sensor measured in the sensor network is less than or equal to the reference value, the output network closest to the sensor network Hybrid over-management device in conjunction with the ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that to drive the solenoid valve of the water supply to the soil.
delete delete delete delete The method of claim 1,
The monitoring device is a hybrid over-management device in conjunction with a ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that for transmitting a command to one or more sensor networks by the input signal, such as keyboard and mouse, and receiving and displaying the sensor value.
delete delete delete An embedded hardware capable of operating independently, a base node connected to the embedded hardware by wire or wirelessly and configured to receive and transmit by interworking with one or more sensor networks and one or more output networks, interworking with a ubiquitous sensor network. In the hybrid orchard management method,
The embedded hardware is linked to the monitoring device via wired or wireless communication;
The sensor network has a built-in independent program and transmits the measured values of temperature, humidity, roughness, soil moisture, soil pH sensor to the base node automatically or at the request of a server, and increases the network connection distance through communication between networks;
The output network may control on or off at least one of a motor and a solenoid valve by using a separate power source, and if the input of the soil moisture sensor measured in the sensor network is less than or equal to the reference value, the output network closest to the sensor network Hybrid oversight management method in conjunction with the ubiquitous sensor network, characterized in that to drive the solenoid valve of the water supply to the soil.

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