KR101192086B1 - Control system for integration of various ship electric power source having fuel cell system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An electric power source control system for a ship is provided to minimize the emission of carbon dioxide by providing an electric power source required for operating a ship with a fuel cell. CONSTITUTION: An electric power source control system for a ship comprises a complex electric power source(100), an energy storing system(200), an intelligent energy management system(300), and a load device(400). The complex electric power source is connected to a fuel cell, first and second engines, a battery system, and a power source in parallel. The sum of power share of the first and second engines and other power sources is higher the fuel cell thereof. The energy storing system stores the redundant electric energy of the fuel cell. When overload more than the power quantity of the fuel cell is applied, the stored energy is outputted by a power terminal The intelligent energy management system individually controls multiple power sources comprising the complex electric power source, and controls the operation of the energy storing system according to the status of the fuel cell. The load device controls the amount of load applied to the complex electric power source according to the control signals of the intelligent energy management system. [Reference numerals] (110) Fuel cell; (120) First engine; (130) Second engine; (140) Others; (200) Energy storing system; (300) Intelligent energy management system; (400) Load device; (F) Fuel

Description

Control system for integration of various ship electric power Source having fuel cell system}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electric power source applicable to a ship or a marine floating body, and more particularly, to an output arrangement and control method of a plurality of electric power sources including a fuel cell. More specifically, an intelligent energy management system outputs each electric power source. The present invention relates to a control system of a ship electric power source capable of optimally arranging and controlling an electric power source by optimally controlling the load according to load variation, increasing the efficiency of the entire integrated system and reducing the amount of carbon dioxide according to the generation of electricity.

Marine floating bodies such as ships and plant facilities that operate at sea use turbine engines using fossil fuel as the main power source, and use the mechanical energy generated by the turbine operation as ship propulsion power. The generated electrical energy is used for various electrical equipment required for ship operation. The main raw materials for such engines are HFO (Heavy Fuel Oil), electricity, and natural gas.

However, when the HFO is used as fuel for ships, there is a problem of polluting the marine environment due to carbon dioxide, NOx, SOx, etc. generated during the combustion of the HFO. In addition, when the HFO is used as a fuel for ships, the HFO is heated to a constant temperature, which may cause waste of energy in heating the fuel, and natural gas is also a fossil fuel. Can't be free.

Recently, in order to solve such a problem of carbon dioxide emission, as a power source for supplying electricity to ships, different types of power sources such as fuel cells and natural gas turbines are formed together. Research on how to use the power source of the fluid is in progress.

In particular, fuel cells have recently attracted attention as a clean energy source without the emission of carbon dioxide. A fuel cell is a battery that directly converts chemical energy generated by oxidation into electrical energy. This chemical reaction is carried out by a catalyst in the catalyst bed and generally can continue to be developed as long as fuel is continuously supplied.

Fuel cells are different from ordinary cells, although the word 'cell' is labeled. Cells store electrical energy chemically in a closed system, while fuel cells consume fuel to produce power. In addition, the electrode of the battery reacts and changes according to the charge / discharge state, but the electrode of the fuel cell is relatively stable because it catalyzes.

Various fuels and oxidants are available. Hydrogen fuel cells may use hydrogen as a fuel, oxygen as an oxidant, hydrocarbons, alcohols, and the like, and air, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and the like as oxidants.

The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is very high, about 40 to 60%, and the heat of exhaust from the reaction can be converted into energy up to 80% of the total fuel. In addition, it is easy to secure energy resources because various fuels such as natural gas, methanol, LPG (propane gas), naphtha, kerosene and gasified coal can be used. It also contributes to environmental protection because it does not burn fuel. In addition, the emissions of NOx and CO2 are about 1/38 and 1/3 of coal-fired power generation, respectively, and the noise is very low compared to fossil energy-powered sources.

However, there is still a problem of miniaturization of the device and a problem in that the response characteristics of the fuel cell are lower than those of an electric power source using a fossil fuel such as a diesel turbine.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a control system of a ship electric power source including a fuel cell capable of minimizing carbon dioxide emissions.

A control system of a ship electric power source including a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, a fuel cell, a complex electric power source that is connected in parallel with a power source and at least one other power source using at least one fossil fuel; An energy storage system connected to the fuel cell and accommodating surplus electric energy of the fuel cell therein and outputting stored energy to an output terminal when an excess load of the fuel cell is exceeded; An intelligent energy management system for individually controlling a plurality of power sources constituting the complex electric power source and controlling whether the energy storage system is operated according to the state of the fuel cell; And a load device, one end of which is connected to the complex electric power source, the other end of which is connected to the intelligent energy management system, and adjusts a load amount added to the complex electric power source according to a control signal of the intelligent energy management system. It is characterized by.

The load device may include at least one load module controlled by the intelligent energy management system.

The combined electric power source may configure the output specific gravity of the fuel cell to be the largest, and the output specific gravity of the fuel cell may be greater than the sum of the output specific gravity of the first and second engines and other power sources.

The intelligent energy management system preferably operates the first engine, the second engine, and other power sources sequentially when the electrical energy output from the fuel cell does not reach the load amount.

The first and second engines may be provided as a power source using fossil fuels, including various sub-cycles such as diesel generators, diesel turbines, gas turbines, organic medium Rankine cycles, oxy-fuel combustion cycles, and the like.

The other power source may be provided as a power source using non-fossil fuel, such as battery system, solar power, wind power, tidal power.

The fuel cell is preferably composed of any one of a high temperature type and a low temperature type fuel cell system.

When a control system of a ship electric power source including a fuel cell according to the present invention is applied to a ship, one of the load system is connected to the complex electric power source, and the other end is connected to the intelligent energy management system, According to the control signal of the intelligent energy management system, it can be replaced by a ship propulsion and an electric device for adjusting the load added to the combined electric power source.

According to the present invention as described above, since it is possible to provide the electric power source necessary for the operation of the vessel around the fuel cell, it is possible to minimize the emission of carbon dioxide.

In addition, an electric energy storage system is provided to charge and store the no-load surplus energy of the fuel cell, so that if the power required to exceed the load of the fuel cell is required, or due to the slow response characteristic of the fuel cell, an immediate required energy requirement is required. It is possible to provide a power source to the ship stably even when it occurs.

In addition, in addition to the fuel cell, a plurality of auxiliary power sources such as a diesel engine using fossil fuel may be provided, and when the output of the fuel cell is insufficient, it may be temporarily operated to compensate for the insufficient electric power.

In particular, by using an intelligent energy management system, it is possible to minimize the emission of carbon dioxide while controlling the operation of the fuel cell and the plurality of auxiliary power sources to supply a stable marine electric power source.

In addition, by using the load unit, it is also possible to test the stability of the electric power system before being installed on the ship or the marine floating body, to preset the output pattern according to the various loads to enable optimized energy management.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a load test apparatus of a ship electric power source including a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention,
2 is a diagram illustrating a case where a ship electric power source including a fuel cell is applied to a ship.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1 is a schematic view showing a load test apparatus for a ship electric power source including a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a view showing a case in which a ship electric power source including a fuel cell is applied to a vessel.

As shown, the load test apparatus for a ship electric power source including a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, the composite electric power source 100, energy storage system 200, intelligent energy management system 300 and load Device 400 may be included.

The composite electric power source 100 is a device for outputting energy in the form of voltage, and may be configured to selectively operate by connecting a plurality of energy sources in parallel. The complex electric power source 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include a fuel cell 110, a first engine 120, a second engine 130, and other power sources 140.

The fuel cell 110 is an apparatus for generating electrical energy by electrochemically reacting fuel and an oxidant, and various types may be used. For example, a second generation fuel cell, such as a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), can be used, which has the advantages of high thermal efficiency, high environmental friendliness, modularity and small installation space. In addition, since the molten carbonate fuel cell is operated at a high temperature of 650 ℃, there is an additional advantage that can not be expected in low-temperature fuel cells such as phosphate fuel cell (PAFC) or polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC). On the other hand, the molten carbonate fuel cell is characterized by a somewhat slower response speed depending on the load than the polymer electrolyte fuel cell which is a low-temperature fuel cell. Therefore, when used for distributed generation, it is generated at a constant output power, but in order to use it as a power source for a vehicle such as a ship, it is necessary to design in accordance with the output characteristics of the load generated in the situation of operation.

In addition, a fuel cell using a polymer membrane capable of permeating hydrogen ions as an electrolyte may be used, such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEMFC). The polymer electrolyte fuel cell is a high output fuel cell having a higher current density than other types of fuel cells. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell operates at a relatively low temperature of less than 100 ° C., has a simple structure, fast startup and response characteristics, and excellent durability. In addition to methanol, methanol or natural gas can be used as a fuel, and thus, many studies have been conducted as a power source for automobiles.

Alternatively, a third generation fuel cell such as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) may be used. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a fuel cell using a solid oxide capable of permeating oxygen or hydrogen ions as an electrolyte, and operates at the highest temperature (700-1000 ° C.) of existing fuel cells. Because all components are solid, the structure is simpler than other fuel cells, and there is no problem of electrolyte loss, replenishment and corrosion. In addition, since it operates at high temperatures, it does not require a noble metal catalyst, it is easy to supply fuel through direct internal reforming, and has a merit of thermal combined power generation using waste heat because it discharges hot gases.

As such, by producing electrical energy that can be used for ships using various types of fuel cells 110, it is possible to reduce marine environmental pollution, and greatly reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emission which is a problem recently.

The first and second engines 120 and 130 are power sources using existing fossil fuels and the like, and power sources including various sub-cycles such as generators, gas turbines, organic medium Rankine cycles, and oxy-fuel combustion cycles using diesel engines. Can be configured.

The first and second engines 120 and 130 may have insufficient load until the output voltage of the fuel cell 110 is insufficient or due to a late reaction characteristic of the fuel cell 110 until it becomes fully operational in a stopped state. It can be configured to supply energy for.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first and second engines 120 and 130 may be configured such that a pair uses the same fuel F as diesel oil or gasoline oil, but is not limited thereto. If necessary, it is also possible to individually controllably arrange three or more engines and / or turbines in parallel.

The other power source 140, a power source using other than the fossil fuel described above, may be provided with a rechargeable battery power source, and can be used by converting clean energy sources that can be obtained at sea, such as solar, wind, and wave power. Any structure can be used.

On the other hand, the fuel cell 110, the first and second engines 120, 130, and other power source 140 through a single output stage to a certain level of voltage, for example, the output of the electric power source of the vessel or offshore floating It is preferable to be configured to maintain a voltage of about 440V which is widely used.

An energy storage system (ESS) 200 temporarily stores electrical energy produced by the composite electric power source 100, in particular, produced by the fuel cell 110, and has a constant level at the output stage. It is provided so that the electrical energy of the output. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the energy stored in the energy storage system 200 is provided as electrical energy, as shown by the arrow A of Figure 1, of the energy output from the fuel cell 110 When surplus electric energy remaining relative to the load is generated, it is preferably configured to store it therein.

That is, when the output of the combined electric power source 100 including the fuel cell 110 is greater than or equal to the load, the excess electrical energy is accommodated. When the output does not reach the load, the amount of electrical energy that is insufficient is output side. In this case, the energy output through the output stage is always maintained above a certain level.

On the other hand, the energy storage system 200 is preferably controlled to correspond to the state of the fuel cell 110, the intelligent energy management system 300 described below is to output the output of the composite electric power source 100 according to the load In order to maintain constant, the first and second engines 120 and 130 and other power sources 140 are additionally operated sequentially and / or simultaneously to compensate for insufficient power output. Therefore, the energy storage system 200 may be configured to repeatedly perform charging and discharging according to the state of the fuel cell 110 having an inferior response characteristic.

As shown, an intelligent energy maintenance system (IEMS) 300 separately controls each of the power sources 110, 120, 130, 140 constituting the complex electric power source 100. By controlling, it is preferable to compare these states and the electrical energy output with respect to a load, and to control these on / off, respectively.

In addition, the intelligent energy management system 300 may detect the output and operating state of the fuel cell 110 and control the operation of the energy storage system 200 according to the state of the fuel cell 110. Is connected to the load unit 400 to be described later, when the load or more than the maximum value that can be output from the combined electric power source 100 occurs, reduce the load of the load unit 400, on the contrary, in the combined electric power source 100 When too much electrical energy is produced, the operation ratio of the combined electric power source 100 may be reduced, or the load of the load unit 400 may be increased.

The load unit 400 is an experimental device for confirming normal operation before installing the power system on a ship or a marine float, and preferably includes at least one load bank capable of consuming energy. Load modules provided in the load unit 400, the input of the electrical energy consumption pattern consumed in the actual vessels or offshore floats, it is good to use the propeller propulsion propulsion motor propulsion with at least electrical energy, or other installed facilities It is preferable to be provided to simulate the electric energy load pattern and the like.

On the other hand, Figure 2 is a diagram schematically showing the case in which a ship electric power source including a fuel cell according to the present invention on a ship, removing the load device 400 constituting the load test device described above, instead of the ship propeller and The state in which the electric device 500 is installed is shown, and the operation is the same as described above.

According to the present invention, based on the fuel cell 110, while covering most of the electrical energy used in the ship, etc., the first response is optional, only when the response characteristic of the fuel cell 110 or a sudden increase in load, And since the electric energy supply system can be configured to use the second engine 120, 130 or other power source 140, it is environmentally friendly compared to the existing electric energy production system, and can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. have.

Of course, unlike electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles, ships or offshore floats require relatively large load fluctuations but require a lot of power and thus require fuel cells with larger system capacities. However, since it is difficult for the fuel cell 110 to bear all electric loads alone, as described above, when a plurality of different types of power sources 120, 130, 140 are provided, the fuel cell 110 may be used. ) Can be compensated for using other power sources 140, such as battery power, or first and second engines 120, 130, such as diesel turbines.

Also, the energy storage system 200 stores surplus electric energy of the fuel cell 110 generated according to a load variation, outputs energy stored in a load region in which the fuel cell 110 is not responded yet, It is possible to provide a stable output of the power source 100. [

The embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is limited only by the matters described in the claims, and those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical idea of the present invention in various forms. Accordingly, such improvements and modifications will fall within the scope of the present invention as long as they are obvious to those skilled in the art.

100; Combined electric power source 110; Fuel cell
120; First engine 130; 2nd engine
140; Other power sources 200; Energy storage systems
300; Intelligent energy management system
400; Load device 500; Ship propulsion and electric equipment

Claims (10)

The fuel cell, the first and second engines using fossil fuels and battery systems, and other power sources provided as power sources using non-fossil fuels such as solar power, wind power and tidal power are connected in parallel, and output power of the fuel cell is increased. A composite electric power source configured to have the largest output power of the fuel cell than the sum of the output specific gravity of the first and second engines and other power sources;
An energy storage system connected to the fuel cell and accommodating surplus electric energy of the fuel cell therein and outputting stored energy to an output terminal when an excess load of the fuel cell is exceeded;
An intelligent energy management system for individually controlling a plurality of power sources constituting the complex electric power source and controlling whether the energy storage system is operated according to the state of the fuel cell; And
One end is connected to the complex electric power source, the other end is connected to the intelligent energy management system, and composed of at least one load module for adjusting the load added to the complex electric power source according to the control signal of the intelligent energy management system. It includes a load device;
The fuel cell is provided to output a value greater than the energy consumed by the load device in a fully operated state,
The intelligent energy management system relatively responds to the energy of the load temporarily compared to the fuel cell until the output voltage of the fuel cell is insufficient or due to the late reaction characteristic of the fuel cell, until the fuel cell becomes fully operational in a stopped state. The first engine, the second engine, and other power sources, which are quick to operate in order, to compensate for the insufficient energy of the fuel cell,
When the fuel cell is in full operation and the output voltage exceeds the load, the energy storage system, the first engine, the second engine and other power sources of the ship electric power source including the fuel cell, characterized in that to stop sequentially Control system.
delete delete delete The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second engine,
A control system for a ship electric power source including a fuel cell, characterized in that it is a power source using fossil fuels, including various subcycles such as diesel generators, diesel turbines, gas turbines, organic medium Rankine cycles, oxy-fuel combustion cycles, and the like.
delete The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell,
A control system of a ship electric power source including a fuel cell composed of any one of a high temperature and a low temperature fuel cell system.
The fuel cell, the first and second engines using fossil fuels and battery systems, and other power sources provided as power sources using non-fossil fuels such as solar power, wind power and tidal power are connected in parallel, and output power of the fuel cell is increased. A composite electric power source configured to have the largest output power of the fuel cell than the sum of the output specific gravity of the first and second engines and other power sources;
An energy storage system connected to the fuel cell and accommodating surplus electric energy of the fuel cell therein and outputting stored energy to an output terminal when an excess load of the fuel cell is exceeded;
An intelligent energy management system for individually controlling a plurality of power sources constituting the complex electric power source and controlling whether the energy storage system is operated according to the state of the fuel cell; And
A ship propeller and an electric device, one end of which is connected to the complex electric power source and the other end of which is connected to the intelligent energy management system, for controlling a load added to the complex electric power source according to a control signal of the intelligent energy management system; Include,
The intelligent energy management system relatively responds to the energy of the load temporarily compared to the fuel cell until the output voltage of the fuel cell is insufficient or due to the late reaction characteristic of the fuel cell, until the fuel cell becomes fully operational in a stopped state. The first engine, the second engine, and other power sources, which are quick to operate in order, to compensate for the insufficient energy of the fuel cell,
When the fuel cell is in full operation and the output voltage exceeds the load, the energy storage system, the first engine, the second engine and other power sources of the ship electric power source including the fuel cell, characterized in that to stop sequentially Control system.
The method of claim 8, wherein the fuel cell,
A control system of a ship electric power source including a fuel cell composed of any one of a high temperature and a low temperature fuel cell system.
The method of claim 8, wherein the first and second engine,
Control system of ship electric power source including fuel cell which is a power source using fossil fuel, including various sub cycles such as diesel generator, diesel turbine, gas turbine, organic medium Rankine cycle, oxy-fuel combustion cycle and so on.

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