KR101062711B1 - Multiband Communication System and Method, Real-time Offshore Logistics Location Tracking Method and Offshore Network - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-band communication system and method, a real-time marine logistics location tracking method and a marine network using the same.

One example of a multi-band communication system for a marine network according to the present invention is a high frequency (HF) band communication, Very High Frequency (VHF) according to Cost-Matrix representing a communication cost according to a communication mode. It performs communication mode switching operation according to the communication mode selected by either band communication or satellite communication, and physically transmits and receives data information with the ground base station connected to the backbone network based on IP (Internet protocol) according to the switched communication mode. hierarchy; A data link layer that selects one communication mode according to a cost matrix and controls the physical layer to perform a switching operation to the selected communication mode; And a network layer searching for the shortest path for performing the VHF band communication with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel when the data link layer selects the VHF band communication as the communication mode.

Communication Systems, Marine, Multi-Band, Network, Ship

Description

Multiband communication system and method, real-time maritime logistics location tracking method and maritime network using these}

The present invention relates to a multi-band communication system and method, a real-time marine logistics location tracking method and a marine network using the same.

To date, maritime communications services have primarily been based on ship security (eg, ship position tracking, through the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and the ship's automatic identification system (AIS)). Ship identification, and ship monitoring).

Although small sized text messages using narrow band direct printing (NBDP) or navigational telex (NAVTEX) have been used, marine communications are still immature in providing multiservice to sailing vessels. As a result, the diversity of services is still insufficient compared to land communication.

However, the diversity of maritime communication services, including ship security, video on demand (VoD), and full-duplex digital data transfers instead of Internet services, has recently become more important for ships to overcome communications inconsistencies between land and sea. Gradually required.

Such marine multimedia services are applicable to sailing vessels, and the data may vary in size, and the size of the data may increase in number. To manage the increasing data types and traffic, satellite communications can be one of the good candidates because they are reliable at sea and support high-speed data transmission. However, satellite communication has a disadvantage in that it is a burden on ship service subscribers due to the excessively high cost.

Thus, there is a need to design new systems and networks for use in other radio frequency bands to be provided to sailing vessels while effectively reducing the cost of marine multimedia services.

Based on current standardization activities through the World Radiocommunication Conference, marine communications in the high frequency (HF) band and the very high frequency (VHF) band can be a good alternative to satellite communications.

Several maritime telecommunication services using such high frequency (HF) and ultra high frequency (VHF) bands are illustrated in the International Telecommunication Union- Radiocommunication recommendation (ITU-R). However, a standalone communication using only one frequency band using each of a high frequency (HF) and a very high frequency (VHF) band independently has a problem in that it cannot support the marine multimedia service target. This is because marine multimedia services can vary in communication range, bandwidth, and data transmission rate according to frequency bands.

For example, high frequency (HF) band communications may be useful for providing low data rate multimedia services in the ocean. Ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communications can be applied to support multimedia services at relatively high data rates under an ad-hoc network topology near the coast or sea. Satellite communications can still be used in emergencies or where high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) band communications are not applicable.

The standards and technical trends of such high frequency (HF), high frequency (VHF) and satellite communications, and mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) that can be applied to the high frequency (VHF) band communication are described in detail as follows. same.

(1) High Frequency (HF) Band Communication

For the purpose of applying new digital technologies to maritime mobile communications in the high frequency (HF) band, Annex 17 to the Radio Regulations (RRs) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has been amended according to Resolution 351 (World Radiocommunication Conference). In addition, several countries, such as the United States and Norway, have already developed digital communication systems using high frequency (HF), and are working to diversify corresponding services as the Radio Regulations Annex 17 is revised.

In addition, high frequency (HF) band modems and protocols for marine digital data communication systems often use frequencies from 1 MHz to 30 MHz and have been developed by many companies. In particular, SCS, a German company, has provided the PACTOR protocol and PTC-II MODEM, which target large maritime networks capable of transferring large binary data files and enabling Internet e-mail. In particular, the PACTOR protocol has been standardized by ITU-R as a communication protocol for providing maritime high frequency (HF) band digital data services.

(2) Ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication

As new digital technologies are required for maritime communication services, very high frequency (VHF) band communications in the band between 156 and 174 MHz have been allocated in ITU-R Resolution 342.

The ITU-R Research Group 8 (SG8) has been working on the technology of transmitting digital data and e-mail in the ultra-high frequency (VHF) band. In 2007, the ITU-R Research Group 8 (SG8) launched a new draft Rec. On technology for transmitting digital data and email in the ultra-high frequency (VHF) band. ITU-R M was proposed.

In addition, SG8 introduced a new draft standard for ultra-high frequency (VHF) data systems by introducing multiple applications in a new proposal. The vessel automatic identification system (AIS) is one of the standardized marine ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communications systems.

Automatic identification system (AIS) is a shipboard broadcasting system that tracks a ship and identifies the ship's position under time-division multiple access (TDMA). In early 2007, a new world standard for AIS ground stations was approved by the IEC.

(3) satellite communications

Regardless of the cost of high-speed communication, satellite communication is essential for navigational vessels in the case of supporting emergency message transmission or high-speed data transmission providing premium multimedia services at sea. One of the most typical maritime satellites is the International Maritime Satellite Organization (Inmarsat). INMARSAT was founded in 1979 to serve the maritime industry by developing satellite communications for ship distress, safety and management applications.

Today, INMARSAT operates a global satellite network for maritime, continental and aeronautical subscribers. The INMARSAT network is accessible through an independent continental ground station operator that provides a range of communications that includes voice and multimedia. Except for commercial services, INMARSAT is a public service that provides ships and aircraft at no cost to the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS).

(4) Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) for vehicles

Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic, self-configurable multi hop network that does not require any infrastructure such as ground station or access point.

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) is an application of Mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET), which focuses on controlling the load traffic in consideration of the movement pattern of the vehicle. . VANET's physical and data link layer issues have been standardized in IEEE 802.11p, a wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) standard.

Several cars on the road can correspond to ships on the sea. Multi-hop ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communication in marine networks can refer to VANET and WAVE.

As described above, it can be seen that high frequency (HF), ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication and satellite communication according to the frequency band are different from each frequency band.

In view of this, ships require new communication systems covering all high frequency (HF), ultra high frequency (VHF) and satellite frequency bands, which are referred to as multiband communication systems. The development of the network corresponding to the development has a problem that is not yet conceptualized.

The present invention selects an optimized communication mode among high frequency (HF) band communication, very high frequency (VHF) band communication, or satellite communication in consideration of communication cost efficiency including channel environment, data rate, and the like. It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-band communication system and method for allowing a vessel in service to communicate with a ground base station.

In addition, the present invention provides a basic structure of a marine network including a vessel and a ground base station equipped with a multi-band communication system, and an object thereof is to provide a real-time marine logistics location tracking method using a multi-band communication system.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood by the following description, and will be more clearly understood by the embodiments of the present invention. Also, it will be readily appreciated that the objects and advantages of the present invention may be realized by the means and combinations thereof indicated in the claims.

One example of a multi-band communication system for a marine network according to the present invention is a high frequency (HF) band communication, Very High Frequency (VHF) according to Cost-Matrix representing a communication cost according to a communication mode. It performs communication mode switching operation according to the communication mode selected by either band communication or satellite communication, and physically transmits and receives data information with the ground base station connected to the backbone network based on IP (Internet protocol) according to the switched communication mode. hierarchy; A data link layer that selects one communication mode according to a cost matrix and controls the physical layer to perform a switching operation to the selected communication mode; And a network layer searching for the shortest path for performing the VHF band communication with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel when the data link layer selects the VHF band communication as the communication mode.

Here, when the data link layer selects the high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode, the physical layer performs the direct high frequency (HF) band communication with the ground base station, and the data link layer performs the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication in the communication mode. If selected, the physical layer uses the ad hoc network method to perform VHF band communications with ground stations via neighboring vessels, and the data link layer selects satellite communication as the communication mode. In this case, the physical layer may perform satellite communication with the ground base station through the satellite.

The data link layer may further include a MAC controller for selecting one communication mode according to the cost matrix, converting a frame according to a frequency band of the selected communication mode, and setting a MAC protocol.

Here, the cost matrix includes the presence or absence of a neighboring vessel, and may include at least one cost parameter of data rate, quality of service (QoS), power level of a transmission / reception signal, or service cost.

In addition, a weight is assigned to each cost parameter included in the cost matrix, and the MAC controller may select a mode in which the cost matrix is minimized as one communication mode.

In addition, the physical layer detects the presence of neighboring vessels, and the data link layer uses the ad-hoc network method to communicate with the ground base station through the neighboring vessels when there are neighboring vessels. Select VHF band communication as the communication mode, if there is no neighboring vessel, select high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode for direct communication with the ground base station, VHF band communication or high frequency If (HF) band communication cannot be selected as the communication mode, satellite communication may be selected as the communication mode.

In addition, when the physical layer receives data information from another neighboring vessel, the physical layer may communicate with the ground base station to relay the received data information through any one communication mode selected by the data link layer.

In addition, the multi-band communication method according to an embodiment of the present invention is any one of high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communication or satellite communication according to the cost matrix (Cost-Matrix) representing the communication cost according to the communication mode A mode selection step of selecting a communication mode; And performing a communication mode switching operation according to the communication mode selected in the mode selection step, and transmitting and receiving data information with a ground base station connected to a backbone network based on IP (Internet protocol) according to the switched communication mode. Include.

Here, in the multi-band communication method, if the VHF band communication is selected as the communication mode in the mode selection step, the shortest path for performing the VHF band communication with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel before the communication step is searched. The shortest path search step may be further included.

In addition, the cost matrix may include the presence or absence of a neighboring vessel, and may include at least one cost parameter of data rate, quality of service (QoS), power level of a transmit / receive signal, or service cost.

In addition, the mode selection step, if there is a neighboring vessel, using the Ad-hoc Network (Ad-hoc Network) method to select a very high frequency (VHF) band communication to communicate with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel or If there is no neighboring vessel, it is not possible to select the high frequency (HF) band communication mode or the high frequency (VHF) band communication or the high frequency (HF) band communication mode for direct communication with the ground base station. In this case, satellite communication can be selected as the communication mode.

In addition, one example of the marine network according to the present invention is the high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band according to the cost matrix (Matrix) including the presence of neighboring vessels, channel environment, data rate and quality of service (QoS) Nautical vessel having a multi-band communication system for transmitting and receiving data information by selecting any one of the communication mode or satellite communication; And a ground base station connected to a backbone network based on an Internet protocol (IP), and relaying data information to and from a sailing vessel through a backbone network.

Here, the multi-band communication system performs a communication mode switching operation according to the selected communication mode, the physical layer for transmitting and receiving data information with the ground base station according to the switched communication mode; A data link layer that selects one of the high frequency (HF) band communication, the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication, or the satellite communication according to the cost matrix, and controls the physical layer to perform the switching operation to the selected communication mode. ; And a network layer searching for the shortest path for performing the VHF band communication with the ground base station through neighboring vessels when the VHF band communication is selected as the communication mode in the data link layer.

In addition, when the multi-band communication system selects high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode, the sailing vessel performs direct high frequency (HF) band communication with the ground base station, and the multi-band communication system performs the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication. When the communication mode is selected, the sailing vessel uses the Ad-hoc Network method to perform VHF band communication with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel, and the multi-band communication system communicates the satellite communications. If the mode is selected, the sailing vessel may perform satellite communication with the ground base station through the satellite.

In addition, an example of a real-time marine logistics location tracking method using a multi-band communication system according to the present invention is (a) a sailing vessel equipped with the aforementioned multi-band communication system is connected to a backbone network based on IP (Internet protocol) Requesting information about a location and a defect of a container to be tracked from a ground base station that relays data information transmitted and received with a sailing vessel to a backbone network; (b) the sailing vessel detects whether the container is loaded on the sailing vessel using the Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) or Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID); if the container is loaded, the container is defective. Detecting; And (c) using the multi-band communication system, the sailing vessel selects and returns any one communication mode according to the cost matrix in response to the data information on the result of step (b).

Here, in step (c), if there is a sailing vessel and a neighboring vessel, VHF band communication with a ground base station through a neighboring vessel using an ad hoc network method, or a neighboring vessel If there is no radio frequency (HF) band communication directly with the ground base station, or if it is impossible to communicate with the very high frequency (VHF) band or high frequency (HF) band, satellite communication with the ground base station through the satellite.

In the multi-band communication system and method according to the present invention, the data link layer uses an optimized communication mode among high frequency (HF) band communication, very high frequency (VHF) band communication, or satellite communication in consideration of communication cost efficiency. By selecting and allowing the physical layer to perform communication according to the selected communication mode, there is an effect of providing an optimized communication method for a sailing vessel.

In addition, the present invention provides a basic structure of a marine network including a ship and a ground base station equipped with a multi-band communication system using the multi-band communication system and method, and real-time marine logistics location tracking using a multi-band communication system It may provide a method.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, in adding reference numerals to the components of each drawing, it should be noted that the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components as much as possible, even if shown on different drawings. In the following description of the present invention, a detailed description of known functions and configurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make the subject matter of the present invention rather unclear. In addition, the following will describe a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto and may be variously modified and modified by those skilled in the art.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a view for explaining an example of a marine network structure using a multi-band communication system according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the marine network includes a sailing vessel 100 equipped with a multi-band communication system, a ground base station 200, and may further include a satellite 300. Here, relay stations such as buoys may not have been taken into account because of management difficulties and the return to common fishing rights. On the other hand, each of the ground base station 200 and the sailing vessel 100 has a different role.

Here, the multiband communication system includes a physical layer, a data link layer, and a network layer. A more detailed description of the configuration of such a multi-band communication system will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

The sailing vessel 100 has a multi-band communication system, and through the multi-band communication system, high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication or satellite according to a cost matrix representing the communication cost according to the communication mode. (300) A function of transmitting and receiving data information by selecting any one communication mode.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, when the multi-band communication system provided in the sailing vessel 100 selects (1) high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode, the sailing vessel 100 is a ground base station. (2) can perform direct high frequency (HF) band communication, and (2) when the multi-band communication system selects the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication as the communication mode, the sailing vessel 100 is ad hoc network (Ad It is possible to perform VHF band communication with the ground base station 200 through the sailing vessel 100 and the neighboring vessel 400 using the -hoc network method, and (3) the multi-band communication system is a satellite ( 300) When the communication is selected as the communication mode, the sailing vessel 100 may perform the satellite 300 communication with the ground base station 200 through the satellite 300.

The ground base station 200 is provided with a multi-band communication system for communication with the sailing vessel 100, such a multi-band communication system is connected to a backbone network based on IP (Internet protocol) is connected to the sailing vessel 100 It functions to relay data information to and from the backbone network. That is, the ground base station 200 may provide various marine multimedia services to the sailing vessel 100 by operating application servers therein. In addition, the ground base station 200 connected to an IP based backbone network provides the navigation vessel 100 with the capability to enable IP based multimedia services.

If a plurality of sailing vessels 100 compete to connect to the ground base station 200 using specific frequency band communication, such competition is an efficient channel access technique in the data link layer included in the multi-band communication system. I can solve it.

In order to achieve the multi-band communication as described above, it is required to equip the multi-band communication system in all nodes constituting the marine network as well as the ground base station 200 and the sailing vessel 100. Therefore, although not mentioned above, the vessel 400 and the satellite 300 neighboring the sailing vessel 100 are also assumed to be equipped with a multi-band communication system.

In addition, the topology of the offshore network is not fixed. This is because of all the sailing vessels 100 at sea, although some sailing vessels 100 sail along a particular land route, they are sailing towards their destinations in different directions and speeds.

Thus, under this given network topology environment, the sailing vessel 100 has connectivity to the ground base station 200 in terms of frequency bands. That is, the sailing vessel 100 may approach the ground base station 200 in a direct manner by using high frequency (HF) band communication because of the long transmission distance of approximately several thousand km.

In addition, the sailing vessel 100 may communicate with the ground base station 200 through the satellite 300 no matter where in the ocean. However, the transmission distance of ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication is shorter than several tens of kilometers. Thus, when the sailing vessel 100 for using the very high frequency (VHF) band communication is located in a far-away sea that is inaccessible using the very high frequency (VHF) band communication directly to the ground base station 200, the sailing vessel 100 In order to finally approach the ground base station 200, as shown in FIG. 1, data may be transmitted through a neighboring vessel 400 by an Ad-hoc method.

As such, selecting a communication mode among high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication, and satellite communication that the sailing vessel 100 can communicate with the base station on the ground is determined according to the cost matrix. All.

Here, the cost matrix is a matrix representing the communication cost according to the communication mode. The cost matrix includes the presence or absence of neighboring ships and includes at least one cost of data transmission rate, quality of service, power level of a transmission / reception signal, or service cost. It may include a cost parameter.

Here, each weight parameter is assigned a respective weight, and each weight may have a different value.

As described above, the multi-band communication system according to the present invention can determine an optimized communication mode in consideration of various cost parameters.

2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining an example of a real time marine logistics location tracking method using a multi-band communication system according to the present invention.

The real-time maritime logistics location tracking (RML2T) method in accordance with the present invention is motivated by the need for remote control and monitoring of the logistics of the sailing vessel 100 threatened by terrorism at sea. do.

It is assumed that an electronic tag for Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) is attached to each container to track the location of each container.

As shown in FIG. 2A, for a container-rich port, the location of a particular container can be detected at the port with the aid of wireless topologies such as ubiquitous sensor network (USN) and RFID.

However, even when a container for location tracking is shipped to a vessel and far from the port, the real-time marine logistics location tracking method according to the present invention provides information to the corresponding sailing vessel 100 in which the container is shipped through the ground base station 200. By requesting and returning the result from the corresponding sailing vessel 100, there is an effect that can continuously track the position and safety of a particular container.

More specifically, the real-time marine logistics location tracking method according to the present invention, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b, information about the location and defects of the container that the sailing vessel 100 wants to track the location from the ground base station 200 Is requested (S1), the sailing vessel 100 detects whether the container is loaded on the sailing vessel 100 using the ubiquitous network (USN) or electronic tag (RFID), if the container is shipped, the defect of the container The state of the container is examined by detecting whether it is (S2).

On the other hand, the step S1 in Figure 2a is shown as an example of receiving information requests in the high-frequency (HF) band communication, but may alternatively receive information requests in the ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communication or satellite communication.

After the step S2, the sailing vessel 100 transmits the data information on the result of the step S2 according to the cost matrix (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication or any one of the satellite communication mode. Select the reply to the ground base station 200 (S3). Therefore, if the sailing vessel 100 finds any defect or accident in the container, the sailing vessel 100 may inform the ground base station 200 of the defect information in the reverse direction.

The data information of the reply step S3 between the sailing vessel 100 and the ground base station 200 may be transmitted by an example of the following rule.

First, the sailing vessel 100 detects the neighboring vessel 400 in order to transmit the above-described information, and if there is a neighboring vessel 400, the sailing vessel 100 uses the ad-hoc network method. Attempts to communicate with the ground base station 200 and the ultra-high frequency (VHF) band (400) (S3 (1)). Thus, for example, if the sailing vessel is on the shore or offshore, the sailing vessel may provide return data information using a very high frequency (VHF) ad hoc network.

If the sailing vessel 100 does not have a neighboring vessel 400 and experiences a failure in VHF band communication, the high frequency (HF) which is relatively less expensive than the ground base station 200 and the satellite 300 communication. ) Attempts band communication directly (S3 (2)).

And finally, the satellite 300 communication is used when it is impossible to communicate with the very high frequency (VHF) band or high frequency (HF) band. Alternatively, the satellite 300 communication may be used when notifying the ground base station 200 of an emergency, such as a terror or an accident (S3 (3)).

2A and 2B, the communication step is attempted in the order of ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication-> high frequency (HF) band communication-> satellite communication as an example in the reply step (S3), but in a different order, According to the cost matrix (Cost-Matrix) of the band communication system may be performed in the optimal communication mode.

3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a Ship Multimedia Service (SMS) to which a multi-band communication method according to the present invention can be applied.

Ship Multimedia Service (SMS) is to provide various multimedia services in pursuit of cost-effectiveness for ships at sea, such as landline and wireless networks. As such, the ship multimedia service (SMS) aims to support service consistency regardless of the position of the sailing vessel 100 by providing a quality of service (QoS) and a charging policy of the sailing vessel 100 according to the multimedia service. do.

The quality of service (QoS) of the sailing vessel 100 may be ensured by the ground base station 200 handover technology. Thus, as the sailing vessel 100 is equipped with a multi-band communication system, the sailing vessel 100 can effectively select the type of communication mode according to the desired multimedia service.

The ship multimedia service (SMS) is applied to the multi-band communication method, the multi-band communication method can be realized by the multi-band communication system shown in FIG.

The multiband communication method may include a mode selection step and a communication step, and may further include a shortest path search step.

The mode selection step has a function of selecting any one of high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication or satellite communication according to a cost matrix (Cost-Matrix) representing a communication cost according to a communication mode. Through such a mode selection step, the ship multimedia service can support a consistent service by supporting the service in an optimal communication mode regardless of the position of the ship.

Such a mode selection step, for example, if there is a neighboring vessel 400, so as to be able to communicate with the ground base station 200 through the neighboring vessel 400 using the ad hoc network (Ad-hoc Network) method Select the high frequency (VHF) band communication as the communication mode, or if there is no neighboring vessel 400, select the high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode to communicate directly with the ground base station 200, or If the communication mode cannot select the VHF) band communication or the high frequency (HF) band communication, the satellite communication can be selected as the communication mode.

The communication step performs a communication mode switching operation according to the communication mode selected in the mode selection step, and transmits and receives data information with the ground base station 200 connected to the backbone network based on IP (Internet protocol) according to the switched communication mode. Function. Here, the data information that can be transmitted and received according to the selected communication mode may include, for example, e-mail, text, or small data.

In the shortest path search step, when the VHF band communication is selected as the communication mode in the mode selection step, the VHF band communication with the ground base station 200 is performed through the neighboring vessel 400 before the communication step. It searches for the shortest path.

The following describes an example of a service that can be supported by a ship multimedia service (SMS) to which the multi-band communication method as described above is applied.

(1) Vessel Multimedia Services (SMS) are based on IP equally as terrestrial base stations with the aid of commercial communications services such as wireless broadband (Wibro), Wi-Fi, USN or RFID when nautical vessels (100) are anchored. You can use a multimedia service.

(2) In addition, the ship multimedia service (SMS) enables the sailing vessel 100 to use high frequency (HF) band communication using low data rate data transmission (e.g., email, text messages, etc.), We can support you to send email from anywhere at sea.

(3) In addition, the ship multimedia service (SMS) is a very high frequency (VHF) band communication by adopting a relatively high data rate and IP-based multimedia service on the shoreline or offshore where the sailing vessel 100 is capable of ad hoc networking. Can be used to If the sailing vessel 100 is no longer able to use VHF band communication under an ad hoc networking environment, it is quickly converted to a communication mode of high frequency (HF) band communication or satellite 300 communication. You can do it.

(4) In addition, satellite 300 communications available in ship multimedia services (SMS), although expensive, provide sailing vessels 100 with the most reliable radio links with high data rates and delay-tolerance. Can be. Thus, the sailing vessel 100 can use the satellite 300 communication in an emergency situation or in an area where good quality of service (QoS) is required.

Next, FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a multi-band communication system constituting a node of a marine network according to the present invention and implementing a real-time marine logistics location tracking method (RML2T) or a ship multimedia service (SMS).

The multi-band communication system 500 according to the present invention is to improve the cost efficiency by selecting the appropriate communication mode for the desired multimedia service without the communication of each frequency band independently.

The multi-band communication system 500 may include a physical layer 510, a data link layer 520, and a network layer 530 as shown in FIG. 4.

The physical layer 510 basically performs a communication mode switching operation according to a communication mode selected from high frequency (HF) band communication, very high frequency (VHF) band communication, or satellite communication. It is a function of transmitting and receiving data information with the ground base station 200 connected to the backbone network based on the IP (Internet protocol) according to the switched communication mode, and among the aforementioned communication modes, it is possible to perform ultra high frequency (VHF) communication. The neighboring vessel 400 can be detected for use.

The physical layer 510 includes a high frequency (VHF) communication device 511 and a high frequency (HF) communication device for performing ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication, high frequency (HF) band communication, and satellite communication according to a selected communication mode. 512 and satellite communication device 513.

As such, the physical layer 510 detects a neighboring ship 400 by first detecting a signal in order to use ultra-high frequency (VHF) communication. At this time, if there is a neighboring ship 400, the neighboring ship 400 May attempt to communicate using very high frequency (VHF) communications. However, if there are no neighboring vessels 400, high frequency (HF) depending on the communication mode switched to high frequency (HF) band communication or satellite 300 communication by the MAC controller 525 included in the data link layer 520. It is to perform band communication or satellite 300 communication.

In addition, when the physical layer 510 receives data information from another neighboring vessel, it selects any one communication mode through the MAC controller 525, and the ground to relay the received data information through the selected communication mode. The base station 200 may communicate with the base station 200. This is when using the high-frequency (VHF) communication each sailing vessel 100 performs the role of a relay to receive data information received from the neighboring vessel 400, and transmits to other vessels closer to the land ground base station 200 Finally, to transmit data to the terrestrial ground base station 200.

Such a physical layer 510 may be designed in consideration of the following matters.

First, (1) multipath fading, signal attenuation, channel modeling to account for signal refraction, (2) transmission range, (3) appropriate career frequency and bandwidth, (3) modulation and demodulation techniques, (4) multiplexing and Targets such as demultiplexing techniques, (5) target data rates, (6) transmit and receive power levels, (7) transmit and receive switching times, (8) power supplies, and (9) bit error rate (BER) Performance, (10) digital signal processing (DSP) technology, (11) beamforming and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology, (12) data interface

Secondly, to investigate current standards such as the ITU, the international maritime organization (IMO), the international electrotechnical commission (IEC), or the European telecommunications standards institute (ETSI). There is a need.

Third, it is necessary to examine the configuration of a plurality of module, multi-band communication system 500 including communication and antenna modules. Finally, the basic system structure needs to be practically designed. The basic system architecture includes the integration of a plurality of modules and defines a communication interface, thus designing a communication system platform with consideration of the foregoing.

Next, the data-link layer 520 is basically optimized by selecting one of high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication, or satellite communication according to the cost matrix. Determine the communication mode, and control the physical layer 510 to perform the switching operation to the selected communication mode, and the MAC (Medium Access Control; MAC) protocols 521, 522, and 523 according to the frequency band are used. Can be used to manage the connection to a communication channel between a plurality of vessels. Here, the cost matrix Matrix may include various cost parameters as described above with reference to FIG. 1, and each cost parameter may have a weight.

As illustrated, the data link layer 520 may include a MAC controller 525 and MAC protocols 521, 522, and 523 according to respective communication modes.

The MAC controller 525 selects one communication mode according to the cost matrix to convert a frame according to the frequency band of the selected communication mode in order to access a communication channel between a plurality of ships, and converts the MAC protocol according to the selected communication mode. Function to set.

More specifically, the MAC controller 525 includes distribution of ships, channel environment, data rate and quality of service (QoS) in order to select an optimized communication mode, and the weighted cost metrics for each are minimized. Select the mode as the communication mode, convert the frame format of the data information according to the frequency band of the selected communication mode, and the MAC protocol 521 so that each communication device (511, 512, 513) included in the physical layer 510 is operated. , 522, 523).

Each MAC protocol 521, 522, 523 controls to operate a communication device corresponding to a selected communication mode among the communication devices 511, 512, and 513 of the physical layer 510 according to the setting of the MAC controller 525. Function. For example, when the MAC controller 525 selects the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication as the communication mode, and converts the frame format of the data information according to the VHF MAC protocol 521 to enable the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication, The VHF MAC protocol 521 controls the communication device to be operated in the physical layer 510 to be converted into an ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication device, and the data information in which the frame format is converted is converted into the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication device 511. It is to control the physical layer 510 to be transmitted through.

In this manner, when the data link layer 520 selects the high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode, the physical layer 510 performs the direct high frequency (HF) band communication with the ground base station 200, and the data link When the layer 520 selects the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication as the communication mode, the physical layer 510 uses the ad-hoc network method and the ground base station 200 through the neighboring vessel 400. And VHF band communication, and when the data link layer 520 selects satellite communication as a communication mode, the physical layer 510 may perform satellite communication with the ground base station 200 through an artificial satellite. It can be.

Such MAC protocol needs to be designed considering the aspects of the frequency band appropriately, and can be directly adopted from the MAC protocol standardized or studied as a MAC protocol for satellite 300 communication and high frequency (HF) band communication. . In addition, the design of the MAC protocol needs to focus mainly on the design of the MAC protocol for ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communication because of the multi-hop communication environment under the ad-hoc method.

There are two candidate protocols for such high frequency (VHF) band communication. One is IEEE 802.11, which is carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA). The other is ITU-R carrier sense-time division multiple access (CS-TDMA). Each of these Mac protocols has pros and cons. CSMA / CA has the advantage of being a MAC protocol targeted at terrestrial ad hoc networks, but has not been proven as a MAC protocol for marine networks.

In addition, CSMA / CA still exposes hidden terminal problems. CS-TDMA, on the other hand, has been recognized by ITU-R as a Mac protocol for marine ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communications. However, CS-TDMA can result in severe under-utilization when the sailing vessel 100 is sparsely deployed at sea. The MAC protocol for ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communications needs to determine the two MAC protocol types in terms of target multimedia services, taking into account its advantages and disadvantages.

Next, the network layer 530 is routed to determine the appropriate communication between the sailing vessel 100 and the ground base station 200 for ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communication in the multi-hop communication in the ad hoc networking scheme It acts as a protocol. More specifically, the network layer 530 performs the VHF band communication with the ground base station 200 through the neighboring vessel 400 when the data link layer 520 selects the VHF band communication as the communication mode. By performing the function of searching for the shortest path to perform, the physical layer 510 provides an optimal path of data information to be transmitted.

Here, the routing protocol may be divided into two categories.

One is a proactive (table-driven) routing protocol that performs route creation and management periodically through both drive and event driven messages. Such forward routing protocols include a destination-sequenced distance-vector (DSDV), a wireless routing protocol (WRP), and cluster-head gateway switching routing (CGSR).

The other is the Reactive (on demand) routing protocol, which provides route information between two sailing vessels 100 only on demand. Such an on-demand protocol may include an ad-hoc on-demand distance vecto (AODV) routing protocol and dynamic source routing (DSR).

As such, the network layer 530 among the routing protocols divided into two categories can search for the minimum path using the reactive routing protocol including the AODV routing protocol or the dynamic source routing (DSR). This is because the sailing vessel 100 is randomly deployed, and because the topology is dynamic, it is difficult to achieve the maritime network by maintaining the routing table with the forward routing protocol.

Therefore, the routing protocol for the marine network needs to be designed as a reactive routing protocol to reflect the multimedia service scenario and the network environment.

As described above, the multi-band communication system according to the present invention can be implemented in a real-time marine logistics location tracking method or a ship multimedia service, and functions as a node of a marine network. According to such a multi-band communication system, it is possible to provide a cost-effective communication service by enabling communication in an optimal communication mode in consideration of a cost matrix of the multi-band.

The above description is merely illustrative of the technical idea of the present invention, and various modifications, changes, and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essential characteristics of the present invention. will be. Accordingly, the embodiments disclosed in the present invention and the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the technical spirit of the present invention but to describe the present invention, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. . The protection scope of the present invention should be interpreted by the following claims, and all technical ideas within the equivalent scope should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the present invention.

1 is a view for explaining an example of a marine network structure using a multi-band communication system according to the present invention.

2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining an example of a real time marine logistics location tracking method using a multi-band communication system according to the present invention.

3 is a view for explaining an example of a Ship Multimedia Service (SMS) to which the multi-band communication method according to the present invention can be applied.

4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a multi-band communication system constituting a node of a marine network according to the present invention and implementing a real-time marine logistics location tracking method (RML2T) or a ship multimedia service (SMS).

Claims (16)

Communication mode according to the communication mode selected from among High Frequency (HF) band communication, Very High Frequency (VHF) band communication, or satellite communication according to Cost-Matrix. A physical layer that performs a switching operation and transmits and receives data information with a ground base station connected to a backbone network based on an IP (Internet protocol) according to the switched communication mode; A data link layer for selecting one of the communication modes according to the cost matrix and controlling the physical layer to perform a switching operation to the selected communication mode; And A network layer searching for a shortest path for performing VHF band communication with the ground base station through a neighboring vessel when the data link layer selects the VHF band communication as a communication mode; Wherein the cost matrix includes the presence or absence of a neighboring vessel and includes at least one cost parameter of data rate, quality of service, power level of a transmission / reception signal, or service cost. Multiband communication system for offshore networks. The method of claim 1, When the data link layer selects the high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode, the physical layer performs direct high frequency (HF) band communication with the ground base station, When the data link layer selects the VHF band communication as a communication mode, the physical layer uses the ad hoc network method to advertise with the ground base station and the ultra high frequency through the neighboring vessel. VHF) band communications, When the data link layer selects the satellite communication as the communication mode, the physical layer performs satellite communication with the ground base station through an artificial satellite. Multiband communication system for a marine network, characterized in that. The method of claim 1, The data link layer A MAC controller for selecting one communication mode according to the cost matrix, converting a frame according to a frequency band of the selected communication mode, and setting a MAC protocol; Multiband communication system for a marine network, characterized in that it further comprises. delete The method of claim 3, wherein Weighted for each cost parameter included in the cost matrix, wherein the MAC controller selects one of the communication modes as a mode in which the cost matrix is minimized Multiband communication system for a marine network, characterized in that. The method of claim 1, The physical layer detects the presence of the neighboring vessel, The data link layer is a communication mode for the ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communication to communicate with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel through the ad hoc network (Ad-hoc Network) method, when there is the neighboring vessel , Select If there is no neighboring vessel, the high frequency (HF) band communication is selected as a communication mode so as to communicate directly with the ground base station, Selecting the satellite communication as a communication mode when the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication or the high frequency (HF) band communication cannot be selected as the communication mode. Multiband communication system for a marine network, characterized in that. The method of claim 1, The physical layer is When receiving data information from another neighboring vessel, communicating with the ground base station to relay the received data information via the communication mode selected by the data link layer. Multiband communication system for a marine network, characterized in that. A mode selecting step of selecting any one of high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication, or satellite communication according to a cost matrix indicating a communication cost according to a communication mode; And Performing a communication mode switching operation according to the communication mode selected in the mode selection step, and transmitting and receiving data information with a ground base station connected to a backbone network based on IP (Internet protocol) according to the switched communication mode; Wherein the cost matrix includes the presence or absence of a neighboring vessel and includes at least one cost parameter of data rate, quality of service, power level of a transmission / reception signal, or service cost. Multiband communication method. The method of claim 8, The multi-band communication method If the VHF band communication is selected as the communication mode in the mode selection step, the shortest path for searching for the shortest path for performing VHF band communication with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel before the communication step. Path search step; Multi-band communication method further comprises. delete The method of claim 8, The mode selection step When there is the neighboring vessel, the ultra-high frequency (VHF) band communication is selected as a communication mode to communicate with the ground base station through the neighboring vessel using an ad hoc network method, or When there is no neighboring vessel, the high frequency (HF) band communication is selected as a communication mode to directly communicate with the ground base station, Selecting the satellite communication as a communication mode when the ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication or the high frequency (HF) band communication cannot be selected as the communication mode. Multi-band communication method characterized in that. Multi-band communication system for transmitting and receiving data information by selecting any one of high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication or satellite communication according to cost matrix indicating communication cost according to communication mode. Equipped sailing vessel; And A ground base station connected to a backbone network based on an Internet protocol (IP) and relaying data information to and from the sailing vessel to the backbone network; Wherein the cost matrix includes the presence or absence of a neighboring vessel and includes at least one cost parameter of data rate, quality of service, power level of a transmission / reception signal, or service cost. Marine network. 13. The method of claim 12, The multi-band communication system A physical layer performing a communication mode switching operation according to the selected communication mode, and transmitting and receiving the data information with the ground base station according to the switched communication mode; Selecting one of high frequency (HF) band communication, ultra high frequency (VHF) band communication, and satellite communication according to the cost matrix, and controlling the physical layer to perform a switching operation to the selected communication mode; Data link layer; And A network layer searching for the shortest path for performing VHF band communication with the ground base station through the neighboring vessels when the VHF band communication is selected as the communication mode in the data link layer; Marine network comprising a. 13. The method of claim 12, When the multi-band communication system selects the high frequency (HF) band communication as the communication mode, the sailing vessel performs direct high frequency (HF) band communication with the ground base station, When the multi-band communication system selects the VHF band communication as the communication mode, the sailing vessel uses the ad-hoc network method through the neighboring vessel through the neighboring vessel. Performs (VHF) band communications, When the multiband communication system selects the satellite communication as the communication mode, the sailing vessel performs satellite communication with the ground base station through an artificial satellite. Marine network characterized in that. (a) A sailing vessel having a multi-band communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 is connected to a backbone network based on an Internet protocol (IP), the sailing vessel Receiving information about a location and a defect of a container to be tracked from a ground base station which relays data information to and from a ship to the backbone network; (b) the sailing vessel searches for whether the container is loaded on the sailing vessel using a ubiquitous sensor network (USN) or radio-frequency identification (RFID), and if the container is loaded Detecting whether the container is defective; And (c) the sailing vessel using the multi-band communication system to return data information on the result of step (b) by selecting any one communication mode according to the cost matrix; Real time marine logistics location tracking method using a multi-band communication system comprising a. The method of claim 15, Step (c) is When there is a ship neighboring with the sailing vessel, when using the ad-hoc network (Ad-hoc Network) method to communicate with the ground base station through the ultra-high frequency (VHF) band, or there is no neighboring vessel To communicate with the ground base station via satellite directly when the high frequency (HF) band communication is performed directly with the ground base station, or when the high frequency (VHF) band communication or the high frequency (HF) band communication is impossible. Real time marine logistics location tracking method using a multi-band communication system characterized in that.

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