KR100696740B1 - Fire alarm and fire alarm system - Google Patents

Abstract

The evacuation path detector F includes one or more sensors 6, 14 and 15 for detecting a fire characteristic and an alarm when the first value predetermined by each fire characteristic is exceeded. An evaluating circuit 7. The higher second value of each fire characteristic is additionally monitored by one or more sensors 6, 14, 15, and if the second value is exceeded, the unusability of each escape route. Alarm signal is displayed.

The fire alarm system comprises a control center 12 to which an evacuation route detector F is connected and an evacuation route indication system with adjustable display devices 13, 13 ′. Fire alarm devices for further monitoring the fire characteristics for life-threatening values referred to as evacuation path detectors (F), and in order to monitor the flow of people within each evacuation path, Means called (people counter, P) are provided within the area of the evacuation route. The display devices 13, 13 'are controlled by this additional monitoring.

Description

Fire alarm system and fire alarm system {FIRE ALARM AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEM}

The present invention has at least one sensor for sensing one or more fire characteristics, and an alarm is triggered when a first value, which is predetermined by each fire characteristic, is exceeded. It relates to a fire alarm having an evaluating circuit by means made.

Regardless of the detection theory involved, the known fire alarms of the type described above trigger alarms at the lowest possible fire characteristics without generating an unacceptable false alarm. It is designed to be. Thanks to the recent processing and evaluation of sensor signals and improvements related to sensors, some types of fire alarms have achieved a standard in which the two requirements are fully met, e.g. EP -A-0 654 770, EP-A-0 654 771, EP-A-0 660 282, EP-A-0 718 814, EP-A-0 821 330 and WO-A-98 / In 15931 alarms are described.

If an alarm does not trigger an automatic fire extinguishing system, the operation of the fire alarm usually does not prevent the progress of the fire, so in the event of a fire often the building in the fire must be evacuated. In this case, on the one hand, it is important to ensure that the people evacuated know where the safe evacuation route is, and on the other hand, it is also important that the firefighter's commander recognize this information. . Thus, for example, if hotel guests have information about possible escape routes in his room without simultaneously being aware of the presence or absence of a safe escape route, it is of no use or limited use. .

As a so-called voice system, people inside a fire building hear acoustic evacuation orders, but those who provide each command, such as a commander, can quickly and reliably determine which evacuation route is still safe. Can not.

Simulation systems are currently available in which predictions for propagation of fire are made. However, such a system has all the necessary sensors and can be used for all major parameters of the building, such as the presence of combustible materials such as floor coverings, furniture and paper and cardboard in rooms and corridors. Even with knowledge, it still cannot provide reliable information about the availability of evacuation routes.

Thus, for example, DE-A-196 44 127 discloses an evacuation system with various direction signals for evacuation routes that can be adapted for each hazard, and the evacuation system recognizes the hazard. And detectors for localization, central detection means for the automatic operation of the evacuation system, and risk-orientated automatic control of the evacuation route signal. There is no exact description of the actual implementation. Although it is mentioned that the risk potential is determined online and the optimal evacuation plan is established in the event of a fire, except for the so-called modular lifesaving expert system, There is no detailed description of whether the risk potential is reliably determined. Even for optimal evacuation plans, it is insufficient to know where specific and simple uncalculated information is available about where the fire will occur, how it will spread, and the availability of the required evacuation route.

Recognizing that human life cannot rely on the calculation of an expert system, the present invention has a significantly different starting point and a low value of fire characteristics that is significantly protected from false systems. In addition to the normal function of recognizing this, it is an object to provide a fire alarm system that provides reliable information on the condition of the evacuation route.

According to the invention, a second, higher value of each fire characteristic is additionally monitored thanks to at least one sensor, and when the second value is exceeded, each evacuation The above object of the present invention is achieved in that an alarm signal indicative of the unusability of an escape route is activated.

The first preferred embodiment of the fire hardening apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the second value of the fire characteristic described above represents a value threatening human life.

Thus, a fire alarm according to the present invention, for each fire characteristic, has at least one or more second threshold values, and when these thresholds are exceeded, they cannot pass through each escape route ( Activates an alarm signal indicating unusability. Depending on the fire characteristics, the second threshold value may be, for example, smoke gas or carbon monoxide concentration or biohazardous temperature or life threatening radiation pressure. In addition, the fire alarm device is provided with a corresponding sensor (sensor). As soon as the second value or second threshold is exceeded, a special device, such as a control center or pager, receives the corresponding signal, and the commander is unable to use each escape route. It is recognized that there is an opportunity to block this evacuation route.

The second threshold value may be assigned a slightly smaller third threshold, corresponding to a pre-alarm, such that the control center receives information about which evacuation route will be unavailable in the future. .

A second preferred embodiment of a fire alarm according to the invention is an optical and acoustic display device, an optical display device, an acoustic display device or an alarm means, which can be actuated by an alarm signal, or The display device and the alarm means. The means may be provided on the alarm itself, but it is also possible to be placed at a suitable point at a certain distance from the alarm, for example an entrance to a hallway or stairwell.

Another preferred embodiment of the fire alarm device according to the invention comprises a camera for monitoring the space surrounding the alarm device (ie side entrance and stairs) and a control center of the fire alarm system. Characterized by means for controlled controlled transmission of respective images recorded by the camera to a central evaluation and observation station (or central evaluation station, central observation station) which is preferably formed to form part of .

In the embodiment described above, the information flows only in the direction from the alarm to the control center and the commander of the control center or control center does not affect the flow of information. Fire alarms equipped with cameras allow the fire chief to intentionally optically observe a specific space or a specific evacuation route and identify possible hazards that cannot be detected by such sensors as fire alarms. Make it recognizable. Thus, it can be established whether the evacuation route is still sufficiently structurally / mechanically safe to be used safely. Injured or unconscious people can also find and rescue them.

The present invention provides a fire alarm system having a control center, a fire alarm system connected to the control center, and an evacuation route display system having adjustable display means. ). The fire alarm system according to the present invention is provided with fire alarms, hereinafter referred to as an escape route detector (F), in the area of an escape route. The fire characteristics are characterized by the fire alarms being monitored for life-threatening values, and by this additional monitoring the display means are controlled.

For example, the display means can be a simple display in the form of a current generalized arrow or a complex display panel for the whole building or part of a building, or a display. Means are provided directly on the escape route detector, so that an escape route that cannot be used is indicated in each case by said additional monitoring.

In hotel rooms, evacuation routes can be formed by, for example, an electronic display panel, where free escape routes are indicated by green arrows and blocked evacuation routes are indicated by red arrows. Is displayed. In addition, escape routes that may not be used next may be indicated by appropriate warning symbols.

A first preferred embodiment of a fire alarm system according to the invention is provided in each evacuation route in the area of the evacuation route, whereby means of what is called a people counter hereafter are used to monitor the flow of people. And the display means is controlled by this monitoring means.

This embodiment has the advantage that the system provides reliable information about the flow of a person within the evacuation route, thus allowing excess evacuation routes to be blocked.

A second preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the invention is that an escape route detector or people counter or evacuation route detector and person counters are directly connected to the respective display means. Has the feature of being connected.

Thus, local evacuation route control is achieved in this way, for example, an escape route detector or people counter or evacuation route detector and personnel counter installed in the corridor are located at the entrance to the corridor. It is connected to a placed display. Escape route detectors or people counters or evacuation path detectors and people counters installed in a stairwell or main corridor may be mounted on a display mounted within the entrance or side entrance to the staircase or main corridor. Similarly connected, the inlet or side inlets may be marked as unavailable.

Escape route detectors or people counters or evacuation path detectors and people counters can be extended to the display means via control centers, If controlled locally, it may be useful under special circumstances, such as in case of failure.

A third preferred embodiment of a fire alarm system according to the invention is characterized in that a people counter is integrated into an escape route detector.

Another preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the present invention features a computer to which all fire alarm devices and people counters are connected and provide current fire and evacuation route data, upon alarm occurrence. The most suitable evacuation route is calculated by the computer and the display device is thus connected. By means of fire alarms (general fire alarms and evacuation path detectors) and people counters and display elements, a computer with the corresponding software forms an evacuation system.

The software may include a fire simulation system capable of simulating a severe case in the absence of an alarm, which may be used to plan the system and evacuation route, especially in the case of new or special use of space. It becomes very useful. With such a fire simulation system, the functions of the system (e.g. evacuation path detectors and personnel counters and display elements) can be operated for a given personnel density and a given hazard of the building, and the system can be tested and optimized. .

However, evacuation in the event of an alarm should not be based on the theoretical model of the simulated fire, and reference should be made to the actual conditions provided by the evacuation alarm and personnel counter data. Thus, the evacuation system according to the present invention is a model of any simulated fire or rescue operation in which no escape route detector or people counter or evacuation route detector and personnel counters are connected. from the model).

In addition, the evacuation system can additionally provide a graphical illustration of local threats and buildings, which can be very useful for commanders. Furthermore, a fire alarm system according to the invention can be connected to a voice system.

According to another preferred embodiment of the fire alarm system according to the present invention, the people counter is designed in the form of a light barrier or light curtain, and the personnel passing through the sensing area. It is provided for counting. As another variant, people can be counted by an image processing function using, for example, a CMOS technology camera.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

1 is a first detailed view of a fire alarm system according to the present invention

2 is a second detailed view of a fire alarm system in accordance with the present invention;

<Description of Symbols for Main Parts of Drawings>

1: fire alarm device 2: camera

3: alarm insert 5: smoke inlet opening

6: optical module 7: electronic evaluation unit

8: light source 9: optical receiver

11 output unit 12 control center

13: evacuation route display device 15: temperature sensor

The fire alarm system according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes an escape route detector, connected to a control center 12 and an escape route display 13. F) and people counter (P). The evacuation path detector (F) is an optical fire alarm, for example a scattered light or a point extinction detector that is magnified by additional sensors for fire characteristics. It includes 1). The additional sensors are a CO sensor 14 and a temperature sensor 15 which form the actual core of the evacuation path detector F. A radiation pressure sensor (not shown) may optionally be provided.

The CO sensor is described as the core since CO poisoning is by far the most deadly in the case of a fire. Suitable CO sensors are described in EP-B-0 612 408 (see EP-A-0 803 850), and NTC thermistors have been found to be suitable as temperature sensors (PolyRex smoke alarms in AlgoRex fire alarm systems). Where PolyRex and AlgoRex are registered trademarks of Cerberus AG).

Optical alarms similar to fire alarm 1 are considered to be known and will not be described in detail here. In this regard, reference is made to the following patent applications EP-A-0 616 305, EP-A-0 813 178, EP-A-0 821 330 and EP-A-0 776 252. Optionally, an escape route detector (F) comprises a camera 2 as well as a fire alarm 1. The illustrated fire alarm device 1 consists of an alarm insert 3 which can be fixed to a base (not shown) in a known manner, which can slide over the alarm insert 3 and the ceiling It consists of an alarm cap 4 provided with a smoke inlet orifice 5 in the crest region. The alarm insert 3 essentially comprises an optical module 6 and an electronic evaluation unit 7.

In the case of scattered light alarms, the optical module 6 comprises a measurement chamber 10 comprising a light source 8 and a light receiver 9. It is essentially constructed and protected from external light by means not shown. The optical axes of the light source 8 and the optical receiver 9 formed by infrared or red or blue light emitting diodes (IRED or LED) are twisted towards each other, and these paths and shutters are The light beam is prevented from directly passing from 8) to the optical receiver 9. The light source 8 delivers short, high intensity light pulses into the central portion of the measurement chamber 10, which is described as a scatter chamber, and the optical receiver 9 “sees” the dispersion chamber. However, the light source 8 is not detected.

Light from the light source 8 is dispersed by smoke penetrating into the dispersion chamber, and this scattered light propagates on the light receiver 9. Thus, the generated receiver signal is processed by the electronic evaluation unit 7. During processing, the receiver signal is compared with an alarm threshold and one or more pre-alarm thresholds in a known manner, hereinafter referred to as a fire alarm threshold (fire alarm threshold). When the alarm threshold is exceeded by the receiver signal, the electronic evaluation unit 7 sends an alarm signal at the output 11. For example, intelligent signal processing using fuzzy logic or neural networks does not generate unacceptable malfunction alarms, but alert signals are emitted at the lowest possible smoke value. Guarantee to lose.

In addition to the threshold, the electronic evaluation unit 7 includes another alarm threshold, hereinafter referred to as an escape route detector threshold, wherein the escape route detector threshold Significantly higher than the fire alarm threshold, for example, it corresponds to a 10% biohazard smoke concentration per meter. The electronic evaluation unit 7 must be designed so that a significant dynamic range can be handled. Thus, with the illustrated smoke alarm, even after the fire alarm is activated, the receiver signal is still observed, and it is investigated whether the receiver signal has exceeded the escape route detector threshold. Lose. Depending on the signal trend, for example in a simple embodiment, a single additional bit for “escape route safe” or “escape route unsafe” (danger). Is transmitted through the output 11, and in the case of “evacuation path unsafe”, the bit indicates that each escape path cannot pass. The bit is transmitted to a control center 12 of the fire alarm system, optionally an escape route display, which is connected to and controlled by the respective fire alarm device. 13) so that the escape route monitored by each fire alarm is blocked directly by the control center 12 or by the escape route indicator 13 connected to the alarm. . The display can be one of the usual illuminated displays for an emergency exit, for example emitting light in green if passable and red in the case where it cannot pass, where the colors are corresponding pictograms. can be represented by a pictogram. “Escapeway instability” information can be communicated to firefighters approaching by remote transmission.

The electronic evaluation unit 7 also has a fire alarm threshold and an additional evacuation path detector threshold for the CO sensor 14 and the temperature sensor 15, for example a CO sensor corresponding to 1,000 to 1500 ppm CO. The evacuation path detector threshold of (14) and the evacuation path detector threshold of the temperature sensor 15, for example about 60 ° C. As in smoke density, the electronic evaluation unit 7 monitors the receiver signals of the CO sensor 14 and the temperature sensor 15 and outputs the corresponding signals when the respective evacuation path detector thresholds are exceeded. route (13) with an additional bit connected to the alarm device for “escape route free” or “escape route unsafe”. Or it is transmitted to the control center (12), and in the case of "evacuation path instability", the evacuation path is blocked.

The people counter (P) is designed in the form of a light barrier or light curtain, for example a receiver with an active light source and an electronic evaluation unit. It consists of two active infrared alarms (active infrared alarms) each containing. Devices of this type are described, for example, in EP-A-0 845 765.

A people counter, P, directly or through an escape route detector (F) connected to the evacuation route display device 13 and the control center 12, allows the flow of people in each evacuation route. Count. Measured values provided in the counter or evacuation path detector (F) or optionally in the control center 12 are compared with the alarm thresholds in the electronic evaluation unit and the measurement When exceeding, the evacuation route display device 13 is operated so that each evacuation route is blocked. Personnel counter (P) may be integrated into the evacuation path detector (F), or may be installed separately from the evacuation path detector (F).

The camera 2 is preferably arranged on a carrier part 16 connected to the fire alarm 1, the carrier part being operated on the fire alarm and the output being A stage (not shown) for processing the camera signal connected to the electronic evaluation unit 7. The camera 2 is always ready to shoot, but does not provide a screen of the monitored space to the control center 12. This is done only on the basis of the command from the control center 12. In this way, the commander may check the evacuation route by remote control and may block the evacuation route if it is determined that it is no longer safe. The fire chief can monitor the situation inside the evacuation route so that injured or unconscious people can be rescued immediately. It is also possible to use a camera to count personnel.

Alternatively, the camera 2 may be activated automatically by exceeding the escape route threshold of an escape route detector (F) or people counter (P), and the image may be transmitted to the control center 12 (see FIG. image) can be sent. For example, a connection formed by a data bus between the alarm 1 and the control center 12 is connected to the video signals from the camera 2 at the alarm stage. It is important that the alarm signals can pass from the various sensors to the control center 12 without any delay, without being blocked by it. On the other hand, at the moment the sensor responds and the fire alarm is already in operation or the evacuation route alarm threshold is exceeded, the fire chief can monitor the evacuation route because the possibility of lifesaving is dramatically improved in this way. It is even more important.

The camera 2 does not need to be structurally connected to the alarm device 1, but can be arranged at a certain distance from the alarm device, but it is obvious that this requires an additional cost for the wiring arrangement. The camera 2 is preferably a CMOS technology camera, and the processor of the alarm device 1 compresses the pictures taken by the camera, which is typical at a frequency of about 5 pictures per minute. It can be delivered over the data bus, and the transfer rate depends on the occupancy of the data bus.

The control center 12 includes suitable evacuation software with all fire alarms and all people counters (P) in the system, an escape route detector (F) and a “normal” fire alarm. It can include a computer with a. Software tools suitable for this purpose are known as "exodus." In the event of an alarm, fire alarms provide the computer with current and fire and evacuation route data, and the Personnel Counter (P) also provides current evacuation route data to the computer, and the computer uses this data to optimize The evacuation route is calculated and the evacuation route display device 13 is switched accordingly.

The control center 12 with the computer and connected peripherals forms an evacuation system complemented by fire simulation software. Fire simulation software can simulate serious cases when there is no fire, which is very useful for planning new or special use of systems and evacuation routes or spaces.

2 is a schematic view of a rectangular stairwell S with four side entrances G open. The stairs S are closed at each side entrance G by doors T, and respective evacuation path display devices 13 are disposed at both sides of the door. In each case, the side entrance-side evacuation route indicator is indicated by reference numeral 13, and the staircase side evacuation route indicator is indicated by reference numeral 13 '. In addition, an escape route detector (F) is installed in the stairs (S) and the side entrance (G), the evacuation route detector (s) in the stairs (S) is a side entrance-side evacuation path display device (13) Is connected to. Each evacuation route detector F in the side entrance G is connected to an evacuation route display device 13 'disposed on the stepped side of the door T that closes each side entrance.

People counter connected through the evacuation path detector F disposed directly or in proximity to the evacuation path display device 13 'disposed on the stepped side of the door T closing each side entrance G. , P) is arranged at the side entrance G. Personnel counter P may also be arranged in the stairs (S). However, it is preferred that the flow of the person in the staircase S is calculated from the data date of the side entrance G, which opens to and diverges from the staircase S.

If the evacuation path detector (s) in the stairwell (S) detect that the evacuation path alarm threshold has been exceeded or if the person counter (P) readings indicate that the stairway (S) is overfilled, all relevant side entrances- The side evacuation path display device 13 is switched so as not to pass, so that access to the step S from the side entrance G is blocked. If the evacuation path detector F or the person counter P in the side entrance G detects that the evacuation path alarm threshold has been exceeded, the evacuation path display device 13 on the stepped side of the door T closing the side entrance ') Is switched so that it cannot pass, and therefore access to these side entrances is blocked.

It should be understood that the examples used to primarily illustrate the mode of operation of the fire alarm system with evacuation path detector and personnel counter of FIG. The communication between personnel counters (P) on the one hand and evacuation path indicators (13, 13 ') and evacuation path detector (F) on the one hand is not limited to the illustrated direct connection, It can be achieved by those skilled in the art that can be achieved with. As mentioned above, communication is made available through the control center 12 (of FIG. 1) and may additionally be communicated to firefighters. Similarly, communication is not limited to date buses, but it is obvious that it can be done wirelessly or by a so-called hybrid system.

In addition, commands for interconnecting evacuation route markers within an entire building or on individual floors or sub-buildings of the building and thus blocking the evacuation route may be relayed from the evacuation route indicator to another evacuation route display. The advantage is that the display device for each escape route displays the current status in each case.

Claims (31)

One for detecting one or a plurality of fire characteristics and an electronic evaluation unit 7 in which an alarm is activated when a predetermined first value is exceeded by each fire characteristic, or In a fire alarm having a plurality of sensors (6, 14, 15), The higher second value of each fire characteristic is additionally monitored by one or a plurality of sensors 6, 14 and 15, and when the second value is exceeded, respectively Fire alarm device, characterized in that the alarm signal (alarm signal) indicating the unusableness of the escape route (escape route) is activated delete The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical and acoustic display devices (13, 13 ') or alarm means can be actuated by said alarm signal. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the optical or acoustic display device (13, 13 ') or the alarm means can be activated by the alarm signal. 4. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the display device (13, 13 ') or the alarm means is provided on an escape route detector (F). 5. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the display device (13, 13 ') or the alarm means is provided on an escape route detector (F). 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the display device (13, 13 ') or the alarm means is formed by an escape route display provided at a distance from an escape route detector (F). Fire alarm system 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the display device (13, 13 ') or the alarm means is formed by an escape route display provided at a distance from an escape route detector (F). Fire alarm system 4. A camera (2) for monitoring the side entrance (G) and the stairs (S) surrounding the evacuation path detector (F), and recorded by the camera (2). Means for controlling transmission of the respective images to a central assessment and observation station forming part of a control center 12 of the fire alarm system. 5. A camera (2) according to claim 4 for monitoring side entrances (G) and stairs (S) surrounding the evacuation route detector (F), and recorded by the camera (2). Means for controlling the transmission of the respective images to the central evaluation station or the central observation station forming part of the control center (12) of the fire alarm system is configured, the fire alarm device A fire alarm according to claim 1, characterized in that one or a plurality of sensors are formed by smoke or combustion gas sensors 6 or 14. The method according to claim 11, wherein one or more sensors are formed by an optical smoke sensor (6, optical module), and the evacuation path detector (F) is a CO sensor (14) and a temperature sensor (15). And a sensor for radiation pressure (fire sensor) comprising a The method of claim 11, wherein one or more sensors are formed by an optical smoke sensor 6 (optical module), and the evacuation path detector F is a CO sensor 14 or a temperature sensor 15. ) And a fire alarm comprising a sensor for radiation pressure. The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein one or a plurality of sensors are formed by an optical smoke sensor 6 (optical module), and the evacuation path detector F is a CO sensor 14 or a temperature sensor (10). Fire alarm device comprising a temperature sensor, 15 and a sensor for the radiation pressure (radiation pressure) The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein one or a plurality of sensors are formed by an optical smoke sensor 6 (optical module), and the evacuation path detector F is a CO sensor 14 or a temperature sensor (10). Fire alarm device comprising a temperature sensor, 15 or a sensor for the radiation pressure (radiation pressure) The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the camera 2 is installed inside a carrier 16 mechanically connected to the fire alarm system. The fire alarm apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the camera 2 is installed inside a carrier component spatially separated from the fire alarm apparatus. delete A fire alarm system having a control center 12, having fire alarm devices connected to the control center, and having an escape route display system with adjustable displays 13, 13 '. in (fire alarm system), An escape route detector (F) is provided in the area of the escape route, and a people counter (P) is provided in the area of the escape route. A fire alarm system, characterized in that it is provided in each evacuation route for monitoring, and the indicators 13, 13 'are controlled by the monitoring. 20. The fire alarm system of claim 19, wherein an escape route detector (F) and a people counter (P) are directly connected to respective display means. 20. The fire alarm system of claim 19, wherein escape route detectors (F) or people counters (P) are connected directly to respective display means. 22. A fire alarm system according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the person counters (P) are integrated into an escape route detector (F). 20. The camera of claim 19, wherein the escape route detectors (F) are provided with a camera (2) for video monitoring of the side entrance (G) and the stairs (S) to be monitored. Fire alarm system characterized in that 24. A fire alarm system according to claim 23, wherein the camera 2 forms part of an intrusion alarm connected to the evacuation path detector F. 22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the people counters (P) are connected to an escape route alarm (F) and the signals generated from the people counter (P) are routed to the evacuation route detector (F). Fire alarm system, characterized in that it is transmitted from the evacuation path detector (F) to the display means (13, 13 ') and the control center (12) 22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the people counters (P) are connected to an escape route alarm (F) and the signals generated from the people counter (P) are routed to the evacuation route detector (F). Fire alarm system, characterized in that it is transmitted from the evacuation route detector (F) to the display means (13, 13 ') or control center (12) 20. A computer as claimed in claim 19, wherein all evacuation route detectors (F) and personnel counters (P) are connected and a computer is provided which provides current fire and evacuation route data. Fire alarm system characterized in that the desired evacuation route is calculated and the indicators 13, 13 'are activated. 22. The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the person counters P are designed in the manner of a light barrier or light curtain and are provided for counting people passing through the sensing area. Fire alarm system characterized by losing 29. The personnel evaluator P of claim 28, wherein the personnel counters P are each formed by two active infrared alarms mounted on mutually facing walls. A fire alarm system, characterized in that it comprises a receiver (receiver) and an active light source (active light source), respectively 29. The receiver of claim 28, wherein the person counters P are each formed by an active infrared alarm mounted on a ceiling and have a receiver with an electronic evaluating unit. And an active light source, each of which comprises a fire alarm system 22. A fire alarm system according to claim 20 or 21, wherein personnel are counted by image processing.

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