KR100683942B1 - Fabrication method of colloidal crystals via confined convective assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for forming two-dimensional or three-dimensional colloidal crystals on the substrates by injecting a colloidal suspension into a space between two substrates and self-assembling colloidal particles by capillary force is provided. A method for preparing colloidal crystals comprises the steps of: injecting a colloidal suspension into a confined space between two substrates(11,12); forming a meniscus(16) in the confined space between the two substrates by moving one of the substrates while removing a solvent of the colloidal suspension; and forming colloidal crystals on the substrates by self-assembling colloidal particles(15) using capillary force(17) generated while the colloidal suspension solvent of the meniscus is removed by removal of the solvent of the colloidal suspension. The substrates are selected from a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, an aluminum substrate, a silica substrate, a gold substrate, a polystyrene substrate, a polyester substrate, a polydimethylsiloxane substrate, and a colloidal crystal-containing substrate. The method further comprises the step of filling any one or more selected from a semiconductor, a metal, a metal oxide, an organic matter and derivatives of the organic matter into pores of the self-assembled colloidal particles.

Description

Fabrication method of colloidal crystals via confined convective assembly

1 is a schematic view of an experimental apparatus for the preparation of colloidal crystals according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a photograph showing the front and side of the experimental apparatus for the preparation of colloidal crystals according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing the surface and cross section of the three-dimensional colloidal crystals of 460nm polystyrene particles prepared by the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, speed of lifting up the back substrate: 20 µm / s)

Figure 4 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing the two-dimensional colloidal crystals of 460nm polystyrene particles prepared by the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, lifting rate of back substrate: 45 µm / s)

5 is a photogram of a two-dimensional colloidal crystal sample of 460 nm polystyrene particles prepared by the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, lifting rate of back substrate: 45 µm / s)

Figure 6 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing the two-dimensional colloidal crystals of 460nm polystyrene particles prepared by the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, lifting rate of back substrate: 75 μm / s)

FIG. 7 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing three-dimensional colloidal crystals of 460 nm polystyrene particles prepared according to the present invention. (Concentration: 1.0%, rear substrate lifting speed: 45 µm / s)

8 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing a three-dimensional colloidal crystals of 460nm polystyrene particles prepared by the present invention. (Concentration: 2.0%, rear substrate lifting speed: 45 µm / s)

Fig. 9 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing two-dimensional colloidal crystals of 600 nm polystyrene particles prepared according to the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, rear substrate lifting speed: 40 µm / s)

10 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing a two-dimensional colloidal crystal of 360nm polystyrene particles prepared by the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, lifting rate of back substrate: 45 µm / s)

FIG. 11 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing two-dimensional colloidal crystals of 260 nm polystyrene particles prepared according to the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, speed of lifting up the back substrate: 55 µm / s)

12 is a photograph of an electron scanning microscope showing a binary colloidal crystal made of 230nm and 460nm polystyrene particles prepared by the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an electron scanning micrograph of a colloidal particle array self-assembled without hot air as a comparative example when preparing a colloidal crystal in the present invention. (Concentration: 0.5%, lifting rate of back substrate: 45 µm / s)

Description of the main symbols in the drawings

10: push pin 11: back substrate

12: front substrate 13: hot air

14: Ascent rate 15: Colloidal particles

16: meniscus 17: side capillary force

18: flow of water 19: meniscus fixed by colloidal particles

The present invention relates to a method for producing a colloidal crystal using a microspace convection assembly method, and more particularly, to a colloidal suspension is injected between two substrates, and colloidal particles are self-assembled by capillary force to two-dimensional on a substrate. A method of forming two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional colloidal crystals.

In the method of preparing a colloidal crystal of the present invention, injecting a colloidal suspension into a microcavity between two substrates, while removing a solvent of the colloidal suspension, moving one substrate to form a meniscus in the microcavity between the two substrates. And self-assembly of the colloidal particles by capillary forces generated by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension of the meniscus by removing the colloidal suspension solvent to form colloidal crystals on the substrate.

There are many methods for preparing colloidal crystals, and typical colloidal crystal manufacturing methods are spin-coating methods [R. P. van Duyne, et al., J. Phys. Chem. B. 105, 5599 (2001), Langmuir-Blodgett (B) [B. van Duffel, et al., J. Mater. Chem. 11. 3333 (2001)], gravitational sedimentation [H. Miguez, et al., Adv. Mater. 10, 480 (1998)], convective assembly [K. Nagayama et al., Langmuir 12, 1303 (1996) & P. Jiang et al, Chem. Mater. 11, 2132 (1999)], electrophoretic deposition [A. L. Rogach, et al., Chem. Mater. 12, 2721 (2000).

The spin coating method is a well-known method for preparing two-dimensional colloidal crystals, in which colloidal particles are self-assembled by centrifugal force as water evaporates when a colloidal suspension is placed on a substrate and spin coated. This method is economical because it uses a relatively small amount of colloidal suspension, but is easily applied only to silica nanoparticles having a relatively high density, and has a disadvantage in that it does not produce uniform two-dimensional colloidal crystals in a large area.

The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method utilizes a phenomenon in which colloidal particles are self-assembled when an organic solvent is evaporated after making an LB film of an organic solvent containing colloidal particles at an interface between water and air. This method makes it possible to produce two-dimensional colloidal crystals in a relatively large area, but has the disadvantage of having to organicize the surface of the colloidal particles and transferring colloidal crystals formed at the water and air interface back to the substrate.

Gravity precipitation method is the first known method that takes advantage of the phenomenon that particles are precipitated and self-assembled by gravity when a solution containing polymer particles and silica nanoparticles is left for a long time. Precipitation is a relatively easy method, which is easily accessible, but requires a lot of time in preparing colloidal crystals, and has a disadvantage in that uniform colloidal crystals without defects in a large area cannot be obtained.

In the convection method, when a substrate having affinity for a solution is placed vertically in a solution in which polymer and silica colloid particles are dispersed, the solution is distorted by interfacial tension at the surface of the substrate, and the colloid particles are aligned on the distorted surface. This uses the principle that crystals form on the substrate when the solvent is completely evaporated. This method has the advantage of obtaining uniform three-dimensional colloidal crystals in a relatively large area, but has the disadvantage that it is limited in the size of available particles and requires a relatively long time.

Electrophoresis has also been reported in which colloidal crystals are produced on electrodes by placing an electric field between nanoparticles with surface charges and applying an electric field. This method has the advantage of being able to accumulate colloidal crystals in a short time, but it is disadvantageous to manufacture colloidal crystals without defects.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention injects a colloidal suspension into a microcavity between two substrates, and then moves one substrate while removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension to meniscus in the microcavity between the two substrates. ) And the colloidal particles are self-assembled by capillary forces generated by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension of the meniscus by removing the colloidal suspension solvent to form colloidal crystals on the substrate. For the purpose.

The present invention can control the solvent removal rate of the colloidal suspension while removing the colloidal suspension solvent, and control the convective flow of moving the colloidal particles to the meniscus by removing the colloidal suspension solvent. Due to the flow control of the colloidal particles it is possible to prepare large-area two-dimensional colloidal crystals and / or three-dimensional colloidal crystals of various sizes colloidal particles, which is not easy by conventional methods in a short time.

The present invention can be widely used two-dimensional colloidal crystals and / or three-dimensional colloidal crystals prepared by using a confined convective assembly method, such as biosensors and devices, information storage media, display devices, optical devices.

The method for preparing a colloidal crystal using the microspace convection assembly method of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is a step of injecting a colloidal suspension into the microcavity between the two substrates, removing one solvent of the colloidal suspension Moving to form a meniscus in the microcavity between the two substrates, and colloidal particles self-assemble by the capillary force generated by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension of the meniscus by removing the colloidal suspension solvent. Forming a colloidal crystal on the phase.

In the present invention, any substrate can be used as long as it can be used to form conventional colloidal crystals. As an example of such a substrate in the present invention, any one selected from a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, an aluminum substrate, a silica substrate, a gold substrate, a polystyrene substrate, a polyester substrate, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, and a substrate including a colloidal crystal may be used. Can be used.

In the preparation of colloidal crystals using the microspace convection assembly method of the present invention, one of the two substrates is moved so that the colloidal particles on the substrate are moved by the capillary force generated by the movement of the substrate and the removal of the solvent of the colloidal suspension. Self-assembly can produce colloidal crystals.

In the above, the moving substrate among the two substrates may move in any of up, down, left and right directions with respect to the non-moving substrate. Preferably, the substrate that is moved to facilitate self-assembly of the colloidal particles while the solvent of the colloidal suspension is removed is preferably moved upward with respect to the substrate that is not moved.

The removal of the solvent of the colloidal particles serves to promote self-assembly of the colloidal particles by the capillary force generated thereby. Removal of the colloidal suspension solvent in the present invention is supplied by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension by supplying hot air to the colloidal suspension, or by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension by supplying hot water vapor to the colloidal suspension, or heating such as a heater By using the device to remove the solvent of the colloidal suspension by evaporation, or by adjusting the temperature of the chamber by controlling the temperature of the chamber by putting the equipment necessary for the preparation of the colloid including the substrate to control the temperature, humidity The rate of evaporation can be controlled to facilitate the removal of the colloidal suspension solvent.

Since hot air or high temperature steam can be used to have a temperature that can be removed by evaporating the solvent of the colloidal suspension, a person skilled in the art can determine the temperature of the air and steam appropriately according to the type of the colloidal suspension solvent. Details of hot air or high temperature steam will be omitted below.

In the present invention, a moving substrate can be prepared using a normal substrate without any treatment to prepare two-dimensional colloidal crystals and / or three-dimensional colloidal crystals on the substrate by using capillary forces generated by the moving speed of the substrate and the removal of the colloidal suspension solvent. Can be.

For example, when the substrate is moved upward when the substrate is moved, the direction of the meniscus is formed on the moving substrate, thereby forming colloidal crystals on the moving substrate. On the other hand, when the substrate is moved downward, the direction of the meniscus is formed on the non-moving substrate, and eventually colloidal crystals are formed on the non-moving substrate. In this way, the substrate in which the colloidal crystal is formed can be adjusted according to which direction the substrate is moved.

In the present invention, it is preferable to make the microcavity between the substrates such that the colloidal suspension can be supplied between the two substrates by making it larger than the colloidal particle size in the colloidal suspension existing between the two substrates. For example, when the colloid particle size of the colloidal suspension is 0.01 to 10 μm, the microcavity between the two substrates may be formed to 10 to 100 μm.

In the present invention, the colloidal suspension uses any one or more particles selected from polymer particles, inorganic particles, and metal particles, and the solvent in the colloidal suspension is any one selected from water, alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aliphatic organic solvent, and aromatic organic solvent. The above can be applied.

In the above polymer particles, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyalphamethylstyrene, polyphenylmethacrylate, polydiphenylmethylmethacrylate, polycyclohexylmethacrylate, styrene-acrylonitrile ( SAN) copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer can be used any one or more,

Metal particles may be used at least one selected from gold, silver, aluminum, platinum, titanium, cadmium, iron,

As the inorganic particles, one or more selected from silica (SiO ₂ ), titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), zirconium (ZrO ₂ ), nickel oxide (NiO), and tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) may be used.

In the solvent of the colloidal suspension, the aliphatic organic solvent may be any one or more selected from hexane, ethylene glycol, glycerol, perfluoro2-methyl2-pentene, chloroform, and perfluorodecalin, and the aromatic organic solvent may be benzene. At least one selected from among toluene, cyclohexane, perfluorocyclohexane, chlorobenzene, and xylene may be used.

In the present invention, when the movement speed of the moving substrate is adjusted, the shape of the meniscus formed between the two substrates is changed. Since the shape of the meniscus is one factor that determines the thickness of the colloidal crystals to be manufactured, the thickness of the colloidal crystals formed by controlling the moving speed of the moving substrate can also be controlled. When the moving speed of the moving substrate becomes slow, meniscus having a gentle shape is formed, and colloidal crystals are stacked in a multilayer structure. On the other hand, if the substrate is moved quickly, colloidal crystals are sparse because sharp meniscuses are formed. Thus, when the substrate is lifted at an appropriate speed, a high quality two-dimensional colloidal crystal composed of only one layer can be produced over a large area.

The substrate moving in the present invention can be moved at a speed of 1 ~ 1000㎛ / s. As the moving substrate is moved at various speeds in the present invention, in order to meet the object of the present invention, the moving speed of the moving substrate is preferably used as the above-described numerical value.

The thickness of the colloidal crystals produced can also be controlled by varying the concentration of the colloidal suspension in the present invention. When the concentration of the colloidal suspension is high, since the number of particles gathered into the meniscus increases, the thickness of the colloidal crystals produced also tends to increase, and when the concentration is low, the opposite trend is shown. And in order to obtain a two-dimensional colloidal crystal having a monolayer structure, it can be seen that the lifting speed of the substrate should increase as the concentration increases.

In the present invention, the concentration of the colloidal suspension may be used 0.1 to 20%. In the present invention, various concentrations of the colloidal suspension are applied. In order to meet the object of the present invention, it is preferable to use the concentration of the colloidal suspension as described above.

When preparing a colloidal crystal in the present invention, it is also possible to prepare a multi-layered colloidal crystal by stacking a single layer of colloidal crystals (layer-by-layer growth), and by continuously stacking colloidal particles of different sizes in the existing crystal structure. A multi-layered colloidal crystal having a crystal structure different from that can be prepared, and in the present invention, a colloidal suspension having a colloidal crystal formed on a moving substrate and a colloidal suspension formed of a colloidal crystal formed on a moving substrate is used as a moving substrate. In the case of using different heterogeneous colloidal crystals can be prepared in one substrate. Using this method, a layer or pattern of a colloidal crystal having a new structure can also be produced on a colloidal crystal or a nanopatterned substrate prepared by another method. As the substrate in which the colloidal crystal is formed as the moving substrate, a substrate in which the colloidal crystal including any one or more particles selected from the above-mentioned polymer particles, inorganic particles, and metal particles may be used.

On the other hand, the present invention further comprises the step of filling any one or more selected from semiconductors, metals, metal oxides, organics, organic derivatives in the pores of the colloidal particles self-assembled in the substrate prepared colloidal crystals by the above-mentioned method The colloidal crystal can be prepared by further containing.

The semiconductor may be any one or more selected from Si, CdS, CdSe, GaAs, GaAlAs, ZnS, Ge,

The metal may be any one or more selected from gold, silver, aluminum, aluminum, platinum, titanium, cadmium and iron,

The metal oxide may be any one or more selected from aluminum oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and antimony oxide,

Organics and organic derivatives include poly (para-phenylenevinylene), polythiophene, poly (para-phenylene), polyquinoline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyflorene, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polythiophene , At least one organic material selected from polyurethane and derivatives of these organic materials can be used.

Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be briefly described with reference to the drawings.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a method for efficiently producing a two-dimensional colloidal crystal and / or a three-dimensional colloidal crystal of the present invention, Figure 2 is a photograph showing the front and side of the substrate in the experimental apparatus used in the preparation of the colloidal crystal of the present invention. .

As shown in FIG. 1, a colloidal suspension is injected into a 100 μm microcavity between two substrates 11 and 12 and a constant velocity 14 is applied to the substrate 12 behind while applying hot air 13. Lift it up slowly. This results in the meniscus 16 of the colloidal suspension between the two substrates, where the solvent of the colloidal suspension on the meniscus is rapidly evaporated by hot air and the lateral capillary force generated by the evaporation of the solvent. Colloidal particles are self-assembled on the back substrate 11 by (17) to produce colloidal crystals.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a fixing pin for fixing a fixed plate on which two substrates are placed, reference numeral 18 denotes a solvent flow of a colloidal suspension, and reference numeral 19 denotes a meniscus fixed by colloidal particles.

Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be described in detail through examples and test examples. However, these are intended to explain the present invention in more detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 Preparation of Colloidal Crystals by Controlling the Rate of Lifting Back Substrate I

As the polymer particles, polystyrene colloid particles made by emulsion polymerization were used, and water was used as the solvent.

Polystyrene 460 nm size particles were dispersed in water to prepare a polystyrene suspension having a concentration of 0.5%.

50 μl of the above polystyrene suspension was injected into the microcavity between two glass substrates 11 and 12 using a micropipette. Then, while applying hot air 13, the rear substrate 11 was lifted at a rate of 20㎛ / s to prepare a colloidal crystal.

After about 10 minutes through this procedure, colloidal crystals of 460nm polystyrene particles were obtained on the back substrate. This can be seen from the electron scanning microscope observation result of FIG. 3, and the obtained colloidal crystal was a three-dimensional colloidal crystal composed of three layers.

Example 2 Preparation of Colloidal Crystals by Controlling the Rate of Lifting Back Substrate II

Colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the rear substrate was lifted at a rate of 45 μm / s. This can be seen from the electron scanning microscope and digital camera observation results of FIGS. 4 and 5. The colloidal crystal obtained was a high-quality two-dimensional colloidal crystal composed of one layer and formed very wide and uniformly throughout the substrate. It can be seen that.

Example 3 Preparation of Colloidal Crystals by Controlling the Rate of Lifting Back Substrate III

Colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the rear substrate was lifted at a rate of 75 μm / s. This can be seen from the electron scanning microscope observation result of FIG. 6, and the colloidal particles obtained were arranged in a sparse structure in which empty spaces were visible everywhere.

Example 4 Preparation of Colloidal Crystals by Controlling Colloidal Suspension Concentration I

Colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the concentration of the colloidal suspension was increased to 1.0%. This can be seen from the electron scanning microscope observation result of FIG. 7. The colloidal crystals obtained were three-dimensional colloidal crystals in two layers.

Example 5 Preparation of Colloidal Crystals by Controlling Colloidal Suspension Concentration II

Colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the concentration of the colloidal suspension was increased to 2.0%. This can be seen from the electron scanning microscope observation result of FIG. 8, and the colloidal crystal obtained was a three-dimensional colloidal crystal with four layers.

Example 6 Preparation of Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals According to Colloidal Particle Size I

Colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polystyrene particles having a size of 600 nm were used for preparing the colloidal suspension, and the rear substrate was lifted at a speed of 40 μm / s. This can be seen through the electron scanning microscopic observation of Figure 9, the colloidal crystal prepared was a two-dimensional colloidal crystal composed of one layer.

Example 7 Preparation of Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals According to Colloidal Particle Sizes II

Colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polystyrene particles having a size of 360 nm were used for preparing the colloidal suspension, and the rear substrate was lifted at a speed of 45 μm / s. This can be seen through the electron scanning microscope observation result of Figure 10, the prepared colloidal crystal was a two-dimensional colloidal crystal consisting of one layer.

Example 8 Preparation of Two-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals According to Colloidal Particle Size III

Colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that polystyrene particles having a size of 260 nm were used to prepare the colloidal suspension, and the rear substrate was lifted at a rate of 50 µm / s. This can be seen through the electron scanning microscope observation result of FIG. 11, and the colloidal crystal prepared was a two-dimensional colloidal crystal composed of one layer.

Example 9 Preparation of Silica Colloidal Crystals

Silica colloidal crystals were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 400 nm silica particles were used to prepare the colloidal suspension.

Example 10 Preparation of Thick 3D Colloidal Crystals

A three-dimensional colloidal crystal was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration of the colloidal suspension was increased to 10%.

Example 11 Preparation of Binary Colloidal Crystals

A substrate having a two-dimensional colloidal crystal obtained in Example 2 was used as a rear substrate.

50 µl of a 0.1% solution of a 230% polystyrene suspension with a particle size of 230 nm is injected into the microcavity between the two substrates using a micro pipette and the rear substrate is lifted at a rate of 45 µm / s while applying hot air. Repeated several times.

As a result of the scanning electron microscopy, it was found that through this continuous process, binary colloidal crystals in which small particles were arranged with two-dimensional crystal structure lattice on two-dimensional colloidal crystals of large particles as shown in FIG. .

Comparative Example

Colloidal crystals were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that hot air was not added in Example 1. This can be seen through the electron scanning microscope observation of FIG. 13, and shows that the colloidal particles do not move to the meniscus because the evaporation rate of water decreases due to no addition of hot air, thereby forming no colloidal crystals.

As described above, although described with reference to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, those skilled in the art will be variously modified and modified within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention described in the claims below. It will be appreciated that it can be changed.

According to the present invention, very small amounts of colloidal suspensions can be used to prepare high quality two-dimensional colloidal crystals and / or three-dimensional colloidal crystals over a large area in a short time and require uniform colloidal crystals over a large area. The present invention may be usefully used in the manufacture of bio devices and sensors, information storage media, optical devices, display devices, and the like.

In addition, the present invention proposes a new coating technology for producing a thin film on a substrate as well as the preparation of colloidal crystals.

Meanwhile, the two-dimensional colloidal crystal and / or three-dimensional colloidal crystal obtained by the present invention may be used as a mask for lithography, a template for preparing a two-dimensional nanoarray, a template for growing other colloidal crystals, a support for a catalyst, a cell It can be used as cell scaffolds and photonic bandgap crystals.

Claims (18)

Injecting a colloidal suspension into the microcavity between the two substrates, Moving one substrate while removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension to form a meniscus in the microcavity between the two substrates, Preparation of colloidal crystals, characterized in that colloidal particles are self-assembled to form colloidal crystals on a substrate by capillary forces generated by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension of the meniscus by removing the colloidal suspension solvent. Way. The substrate of claim 1, wherein the substrate is any one selected from among a glass substrate, a silicon substrate, an aluminum substrate, a silica substrate, a gold substrate, a polystyrene substrate, a polyester substrate, and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The manufacturing method of the colloidal crystal made into. The colloidal crystal of claim 1, wherein the substrate on which the colloidal crystal is to be formed among the two substrates is formed by applying a substrate including a colloidal crystal formed from any one particle selected from a polymer, a metal, and an inorganic material. Manufacturing method. The method of claim 1, wherein the microcavity between the two substrates is 10 to 100 μm. The method of claim 1, wherein the colloidal suspension is a colloidal suspension comprising any one or more particles selected from polymer particles, inorganic particles, and metal particles. The method of claim 1, wherein the colloidal particles of the colloidal suspension is 0.01 to 10㎛. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent in the colloidal suspension is any one selected from water, alcohol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aliphatic organic solvent, and aromatic organic solvent. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the colloidal suspension is 0.1 to 20%. The method of claim 1, wherein the moving substrate moves at a speed of 1 to 1000 μm / s. The solvent removal of the colloidal suspension according to claim 1, wherein the solvent removal of the colloidal suspension is performed by supplying hot air to the colloidal suspension to evaporate the solvent of the colloidal suspension, or by supplying hot water vapor to the colloidal suspension to remove the solvent of the colloidal suspension by evaporation, or heating. It is carried out by adjusting the temperature of the chamber by removing the solvent of the colloidal suspension by using an apparatus, or by putting the equipment necessary for manufacturing the colloid including the substrate into a chamber for controlling temperature and humidity. Method for producing a colloidal crystals. The method of claim 1, further comprising filling the pores of the self-assembled colloidal particles with at least one selected from a semiconductor, a metal, a metal oxide, an organic material, and an organic derivative. The method of claim 5, wherein the polymer particles are polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylate, polyalphamethylstyrene, polyphenylmethacrylate, polydiphenylmethylmethacrylate, polycyclohexyl methacrylate, styrene-acrylic. A method of producing a colloidal crystal, characterized in that at least any one selected from (SAN) copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer. The method of claim 5, wherein the metal particles are any one or more selected from gold, silver, aluminum, platinum, titanium, cadmium, and iron. The method of claim 5, wherein the inorganic particles are silica (SiO ₂ ), titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ), zirconium (ZrO ₂ ), nickel oxide (NiO), tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), characterized in that any one or more selected from. Method for preparing colloidal crystals. The method of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor is any one or more selected from Si, CdS, CdSe, GaAs, GaAlAs, ZnS, and Ge. The method of claim 11, wherein the metal is any one or more selected from gold, silver, aluminum, aluminum, platinum, titanium, cadmium, and iron. The method of claim 11, wherein the metal oxide is at least one selected from aluminum oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and antimony oxide. The method of claim 11, wherein the organics and organic derivatives are poly (para-phenylenevinylene), polythiophene, poly (para-phenylene), polyquinoline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, polyfluorene, polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS), polythiophene, a method for producing colloidal crystals, characterized in that any one or more organics selected from polyurethanes and derivatives of these organics.

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