KR100654623B1 - Poality-averaged dipole rectennas array system for improving microwave power coupling performance in wireless electrical power transmission - Google Patents

Poality-averaged dipole rectennas array system for improving microwave power coupling performance in wireless electrical power transmission Download PDF

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KR100654623B1
KR100654623B1 KR1020050095904A KR20050095904A KR100654623B1 KR 100654623 B1 KR100654623 B1 KR 100654623B1 KR 1020050095904 A KR1020050095904 A KR 1020050095904A KR 20050095904 A KR20050095904 A KR 20050095904A KR 100654623 B1 KR100654623 B1 KR 100654623B1
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rectennas
array system
rectenna
dipole
power
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KR1020050095904A
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Korean (ko)
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김재환
최상혁
송교동
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인하대학교 산학협력단
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/27—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48—Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

A rectennas array system including a plurality of dipole rectennas for improving microwave power coupling performance in wireless electrical power transmission is provided to improve efficiency by increasing power density per unit area. In a rectennas array system including a plurality of unit dipole rectennas, a plurality of sheets installed on an insulation plate are overlapped by connecting a plurality of rectennas(05',05'',05''') in series and parallel. The power density per unit area received from microwaves is increased by crossing the rectennas(05',05'',05''') on the sheets with each other at predetermined intervals.

Description

무선 전력 전달의 전력 수신을 향상시키기 위한 다수의 다이폴 렉테나로 이루어진 렉테나 어레이 시스템{Poality-averaged Dipole Rectennas Array System for Improving Microwave Power Coupling Performance in Wireless Electrical Power Transmission}Pole-averaged Dipole Rectennas Array System for Improving Microwave Power Coupling Performance in Wireless Electrical Power Transmission

도 1은 종래의 단위 렉테나 구조를 나타낸 예시도,1 is an exemplary view showing a conventional unit rectenna structure,

도 2는 다수의 단위 렉테나를 절연판에 직렬 및 병렬 연결한 종래의 실시예를 나타낸 예시도,2 is an exemplary view showing a conventional embodiment in which a plurality of unit rectennas are connected in series and in parallel to an insulating plate;

도 3은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 도 2의 시트를 다수 중첩시키는 상태를 나타낸 것으로, 3a는 중첩된 시트의 평면 투시도이고, 3b는 중첩되는 상태를 나타낸 예시도, 3 is a view showing a state of overlapping a plurality of sheets of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention, 3a is a plan view of the overlapping sheets, 3b is an exemplary view showing a state of overlapping,

도 4는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 다수의 단위 렉테나를 원형으로 배열하여 나타낸 것으로, 4a는 직렬로서, 4b는 병렬로서 연결된 상태를 나타낸 예시도, 및4 is a diagram showing a plurality of unit rectennas arranged in a circular arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention, 4a is an illustration showing a state connected in series, 4b in parallel, and

도 5는 본 발명의 또 다른 실시예에 따라 도 4에 나타낸 원형의 렉테나 배열을 다수의 원형으로 연결시킨 상태를 나타낸 예시도이다.5 is an exemplary view showing a state in which the circular rectenna arrangement shown in FIG. 4 is connected in a plurality of circles according to another embodiment of the present invention.

본 발명은 렉테나(Rectenna)에 관한 것으로, 특히 무선 전력 전달의 전력 수신을 향상시키기 위해 다수의 단위 렉테나를 적절히 연결시킨 렉테나 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a rectenna, and more particularly, to a rectenna system in which a plurality of unit rectennas are properly connected to improve power reception of wireless power transfer.

렉테나란 Rectifying Antenna의 약어로서, 정류기와 안테나를 조합한 구조로 되어 있다. 렉테나는 공중을 통해 무선으로 전파되는 전자기파 특히 마이크로파 전력을 안테나를 통해 수신하여 다이오드 및 필터로 구성된 정류회로를 거쳐 직류로 변환시킨다. 따라서, 렉테나를 원하는 수만큼 배열함으로써 원하는 전력을 수신할 수가 있다. 이와 같은 구조를 이용한 무선 전력 전송(Wireless Power Transmission)은 미래 에너지 자원의 송수신 시스템의 한 형태를 이루고 있다. 이는 우주 태양광 발전(Solar Power Satellite) 개념에서 처음 제시되어진 기술로서 1968년 미국의 Peter Glaser 박사가 제안한 이래 세계 각국에서 꾸준히 연구되고 있다.Rectenna is an abbreviation for Rectifying Antenna and has a structure in which a rectifier and an antenna are combined. Lectena receives electromagnetic waves, especially microwave power, that propagates wirelessly through the air through an antenna and converts them into direct current through a rectifier circuit consisting of diodes and filters. Therefore, it is possible to receive the desired power by arranging the rectenna by the desired number. Wireless power transmission using such a structure forms a form of a transmission / reception system of future energy resources. This technology was first proposed in the concept of the Solar Power Satellite and has been steadily being studied around the world since Dr. Peter Glaser of the United States in 1968.

렉테나 응용분야의 한 형태로는, 인공위성에 구축된 거대한 태양전지로 전기를 발전하고, 이 발전된 전력을 마이크로파로 변환하여 위성의 송신 안테나를 통해 지상으로 송신함으로써 지상에 설치된 렉테나 어레이 시스템에 의해 다시 전기 에너지로 변환하는 것이다.One type of rectenna application is the generation of electricity by the huge solar cells built on satellites, which are then converted to microwaves and transmitted to the ground by satellite transmission antennas, which are then installed by ground-mounted rectenna array systems. To convert it back into electrical energy.

다른 응용분야의 형태로는, 중계기를 탑재한 무인 비행기를 성층권의 일정한 높이로 날려서 인공위성 대용으로 사용하되 동력 에너지를 지상으로부터 송신된 마 이크로파를 통해 얻도록 하는 경우가 있다.Another form of application is to have a drone with a repeater flying at a constant height in the stratosphere to use as a satellite, but to obtain power energy through microwaves transmitted from the ground.

또 다른 응용분야로는, RFID 등 각종 ID 식별에 도입되는 비접촉형의 IC 카드에 있어서의 수명에 따른 전지 교환 문제를 해결하고, 카드의 두께를 줄이기 위해 렉테나를 이용하려는 노력이 있다.As another application field, there is an effort to solve the problem of battery replacement according to the life of a non-contact type IC card to be used for identification of various IDs such as RFID, and to use a rectenna to reduce the thickness of the card.

상기한 응용분야 외에도 다양한 분야에 렉테나를 이용할 수 있는바, 유비쿼터스 기반의 각종 센서에 필요한 전력을 렉테나를 통해 무선으로 공급할 수가 있고, 컴퓨터 본체에 마이크로파 송신부를 설치하고 무선 마우스 및 키보드에 렉테나를 설치함으로써 원하는 구동 전력을 얻을 수가 있을 뿐만 아니라, 공중파 중계기로부터의 무선 전파를 PCS 및 기타 휴대 단말기에 장착된 렉테나를 이용하여 전기 에너지를 단말기에 충전시킬 수가 있다.In addition to the above applications, it is possible to use Lectenna in various fields. It is possible to supply power necessary for various sensors based on ubiquitous wirelessly through Lectenna, and to install a microwave transmitter in the computer main body and to Lectenna in a wireless mouse and keyboard. In addition to obtaining the desired driving power, it is possible to charge the electric energy to the terminal by using radios from a terrestrial repeater, using a rectenna mounted to the PCS and other portable terminals.

이와 같은 렉테나의 다양한 응용을 위해서 많은 연구가 진행되고 있는 바, 미국의 NASA-JPL에서는 태양열 에너지를 마이크로파 전력으로 변환하여 지상으로 송신하고, 지상에 설치된 렉테나를 통해 마이크로파를 전기 에너지로 변환시키는 과제를 연구하고 있고, 일본의 여러 기관 및 연구소에서도 소형 무선 로봇의 밧데리 대용으로 마이크로파를 사용하는 연구를 진행하고 있다. 또한, 일본에서는 이를 의료용 내시경에 사용하려는 시도를 수행하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 통신종합연구소와 대학교 및 산업체가 공동 연구로서 1995년 40m 고도에서 50kW의 전력을 송전하는 계획을 마치고, 성층권 통신 방송중계기용 비행선을 현재 개발중에 있다.Many researches are being conducted for various applications of such recta, and NASA-JPL in the United States converts solar energy into microwave power and transmits it to the ground, and converts microwave into electrical energy through a recta installed on the ground. In addition to researching the problem, many institutions and research institutes in Japan are also using microwaves as a substitute for batteries for small wireless robots. In addition, Japan is not only attempting to use it for medical endoscopes, but also completed a plan to transmit 50kW of power at 40m altitude in 1995 as a joint research by Telecommunication Research Institute, University, and Industry. Is currently in development.

국내에서도 많은 연구소가 우주 개발과 에너지 개발 차원에서 무선 전력 전송에 대한 연구를 수행중에 있고, MEMS 기술을 이용한 소형 탐사 로봇의 전력 공급 을 위해 렉테나 기술을 연구중에 있다.In Korea, many research institutes are conducting research on wireless power transmission in terms of space development and energy development, and are studying Rectena technology for powering small exploration robots using MEMS technology.

그러나, 상기와 같은 렉테나의 응용분야 및 현재 진행중인 연구과제에 있어서는, 여러 해결해야 할 문제가 있는 바, 그 중에서도 가장 큰 과제는 공중파 전력을 전기 에너지로 변환하는 고효율성을 가진 렉테나를 개발하는 것이다. However, there are many problems to be solved in the field of application of Lectena as well as the ongoing research. Among them, the biggest problem is to develop a Lectenna having high efficiency to convert air power into electric energy. .

본 발명은 상기한 바와 같은 렉티나의 고효율성을 달성하기 위한 것으로, 무선 전력 송신을 통해 발사된 마이크로파로부터 단위면적당 높은 밀도로서 전력을 수신하는 것이다. 또한, 임의의 편파방향(polarization direction)을 갖는 마이크로파로부터 전력을 수신하기에 적합한 시스템을 제공하는 것이다.The present invention is to achieve the high efficiency of the rectina as described above, to receive power at a high density per unit area from the microwave emitted through wireless power transmission. It is also to provide a system suitable for receiving power from microwaves having any polarization direction.

이하 첨부 도면을 참조로 하여 본 발명을 상세히 설명하기로 한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

본 발명에 따른 실시예에 사용되는 단위 렉티나(5)는 도 1에 나타낸 바와 같은 다이폴(dipole) 렉티나이다. 주요 구성요소로는 두 개의 직선형 박막 안테나(1), 쇼키 다이오드(schottky diode, 2), 및 콘덴서(3, 4)가 있으며 안테나(1)의 길이는 마이크로파 파장의 1/2에 해당한다. 본 발명의 실시예에 사용하는 주파수는 대개 1 GHz 내지 300 GHz이다. 마이크로파가 안테나(1)에 대해서 수직으로 입사하여 전기장의 방향이 안테나(1)와 평행하게 걸리게 되면 자기장은 안테나를 감싸는 방향으로 생성되어 전류가 흐르게 된다. 유도된 전류는 쇼키 다이오드(2)를 통해 정류되어 콘덴서(3, 4)를 거쳐 평준화된 직류 전원이 생성하게 된다. 쇼키 다이오드를 직선 박막 안테나(1)가 끝나는 지점으로부터 일정한 위치에 설치함으로써 안테나와 쇼키 다이오드간의 임피던스 정합을 얻을 수가 있다. 도 2는 다수의 단위 렉테나가 평면이나 곡면의 절연판에 설치된 것을 나타낸 것으로, 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 단위 렉테나의 각각의 크기는 주파수의 크기에 따라 다를 수 있다.The unit rectina 5 used in the embodiment according to the present invention is a dipole rectina as shown in FIG. 1. The main components are two linear thin film antennas 1, schottky diodes 2, and condensers 3 and 4, and the length of the antenna 1 corresponds to 1/2 of the microwave wavelength. The frequency used in the embodiment of the present invention is usually 1 GHz to 300 GHz. When the microwave is incident perpendicularly to the antenna 1 and the direction of the electric field is caught parallel to the antenna 1, the magnetic field is generated in a direction surrounding the antenna and current flows. The induced current is rectified through the schottky diode 2 to produce a leveled direct current power supply via the capacitors 3 and 4. By providing the schottky diode at a fixed position from the point where the linear thin film antenna 1 ends, impedance matching between the antenna and the schottky diode can be obtained. 2 shows that a plurality of unit rectennas are installed on an insulating plate of a flat or curved surface. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, each of the unit rectennas may vary according to the magnitude of the frequency.

다수의 다이폴 렉테나(5)를 절연판에 도 2에 나타낸 바와 같이 연결선(6) 및 연결노드(7)를 통해 직렬 및 병렬로 배열함으로써 전력을 증대시킬 수가 있다. 그러나, 이러한 하나의 절연판 표면에 렉테나를 설치할 수 있는 수는 한정되어 있기 때문에 전력 수신을 증대시키는데도 한계가 있다. 따라서, 본 발명의 하나의 실시예에 따라 도 3에 나타낸 바와 같이, 다수의 렉테나가 절연판에 배열된 여러 장의 시트(01, 02, 03)를 차례로 중첩시키되 3 개의 렉테나(5', 5", 5'") 배열이 상호 간격을 두고 어긋나게 한다.The power can be increased by arranging a plurality of dipole rectennas 5 in series and in parallel via the connecting line 6 and the connecting node 7 as shown in FIG. However, there is a limit to increasing power reception because the number of rectennas on the surface of one insulating plate is limited. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of sheets (01, 02, 03) in which a plurality of rectennas are arranged in an insulating plate is sequentially stacked, but three rectennas (5 ', 5) ", 5 '") to shift the arrays apart.

마이크로파는 편파 방향성을 가지고 있기 때문에 렉테나의 다이폴 안테나와 편파 방향이 일치할 경우에만 전력을 수신하고 그렇지 못할 경우에는 전력을 수신할 수 없게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서, 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 도 4 및 5에 나타낸 바와 같이 다수의 렉테나를 원형으로 배열함으로써 임의의 편파 방향을 가진 마이크로파를 수신하여 전력 수신을 높일 수가 있다. 이러한 원형의 형태로 다수의 렉테나가 배열된 시트를 도 2 및 3에 나타낸 방식과 같이 직렬 및 병렬로 연결하고 중첩시킴으로써 더욱 전력 수신을 증대시킬 수가 있다.Because microwaves have polarization directionality, they receive power only if the polarization direction of the rectenna's dipole antenna matches, otherwise it cannot receive power. In order to solve such a problem, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, by arranging a plurality of rectennas in a circle, microwaves having arbitrary polarization directions may be received to increase power reception. It is possible to further increase power reception by connecting and superimposing sheets in which a plurality of rectennas are arranged in such a circular shape in series and parallel as in the manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

상기한 바와 같이 다이폴 렉테나는 단위면적당 얻을 수 있는 전력의 밀도를 증대시키는 것이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 인체에 해를 주지않는 마이크로파 전력의 크기는 단위면적당 약 18 mW/cm2로서, 다이폴 렉테나를 이용해서 전력을 얻고자 할 경우에는, 마이크로파에서 렉테나 시스템으로 입사되는 전력을 가급적 많이 수신할 수 있는 고효율성이 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 상기한 바와 같이 다수의 렉테나가 배치된 시트를 다수 겹쳐놓아서 전면의 시트에서 마이크로파를 수신할 뿐만 아니라 제 2 및 제 3의 시트에서도 마이크로파를 수신함으로써 단위면적당 수신 전력밀도를 증대시킬 수가 있다. 또한 방향성을 가진 마이크로파의 특성에 알맞게 원형으로 다수의 렉티나를 설치함으로써 수신되는 전력밀도를 더욱 높일 수가 있다.As mentioned above, it is most important to increase the density of power obtainable per unit area. The amount of microwave power that does not harm the human body is about 18 mW / cm 2 per unit area. If you want to obtain power by using dipole rectenna, you can receive as much power as possible from the microwave into the rectenna system. High efficiency is very important. To this end, as described above, a plurality of sheets arranged with a plurality of rectennas are stacked to receive microwaves from the front sheet as well as to receive microwaves from the second and third sheets, thereby increasing the reception power density per unit area. . In addition, according to the characteristic of the directional microwave, by installing a plurality of rectina in a circular shape, the received power density can be further increased.

본 발명의 상기한 실시예에 따라서, 상기한 바와 같이, 수신되는 단위면적당 전력밀도를 증대시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 어떠한 임의의 편파 방향을 갖는 마이크로파가 렉테나 어레이 시스템에 입사되더라도 이를 수신할 수 있도록 함으로써 렉테나 어레이 시스템의 효율성을 높일 수가 있다.According to the above-described embodiment of the present invention, as described above, not only can the power density per unit area received be increased, but also the microwave having any arbitrary polarization direction can be received even if it enters the rectenna array system. This increases the efficiency of the rectenna array system.

Claims (4)

다수의 단위 다이폴 렉테나로 이루어진 렉테나 시스템에 있어서, 다수의 렉테나를 직렬 및 병렬로 연결하여 절연판에 설치한 다수의 시트를 중첩시키되, 각각의 시트상에 배치된 렉테나가 다른 시트에 배치된 렉테나와 간격을 두어 어긋나도록 함으로써 마이크로파로부터 수신되는 단위면적당 전력밀도를 증대시킨 렉테나 어레이 시스템.In a rectenna system consisting of a plurality of unit dipole rectennas, a plurality of sheets installed in an insulating plate are overlapped by connecting a plurality of rectennas in series and in parallel, and the rectennas disposed on each sheet are disposed on different sheets. A rectenna array system in which power density per unit area received from microwaves is increased by shifting the rectenna apart from each other. 제 1 항에 있어서, 다수의 렉테나를 절연시트상에 설치시키되 이를 원형을 이루도록 배치함으로써 임의의 편파 방향을 가진 모든 입사된 마이크로파로부터 전력을 수신할 수 있도록 한 렉테나 어레이 시스템.2. The rectenna array system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of rectennas are disposed on an insulating sheet and arranged in a circular shape so as to receive power from all incident microwaves in any polarization direction. 제 2 항에 있어서, 다수의 렉테나를 원형을 이루도록 설치하되 이러한 원형을 다수 개 포함하고 있는 렉테나 어레이 시스템.The rectenna array system of claim 2, wherein a plurality of rectennas are installed to form a circle, and the plurality of rectennas comprise a plurality of such circle. 상기 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 다이폴 렉테나의 크기를 다르게 함으로써 여러 주파수 대역의 마이크로파를 동시에 수신하도록 한 렉테나 어레이 시스템.The rectenna array system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein microwaves of different frequency bands are simultaneously received by varying the size of the dipole rectenna.
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