KR100497534B1 - High-temperature furnace for the disposal of solid medical wastes and adsorption plant for oxygen enrichment of air - Google Patents

Abstract

The core of the present invention is to provide a plant for the incineration of hazardous medical waste at temperatures above 2000 ° C., using an adsorption plant for oxygen enrichment in air that is effective and economically appropriate.

The plant for oxygen enrichment in air contains one block of two adsorbers. The outer housing of the adsorber has a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section and includes an inner shell of an elliptical ball surface. Each cross-sectional area of the shell decreases when viewed along the longitudinal axis due to a decrease in the eccentricity of the ellipse. Three pipes are installed on the outside of the end of the adsorber, two of which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the shell on the longitudinal axis of the ellipse at the same distance from the inner surface of the outer housing and the outer surface of the inner shell; The third of the pipes is installed on a common longitudinal axis of the robust housing and the shell.

Description

HIGH-TEMPERATURE FURNACE FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SOLID MEDICAL WASTES AND ADSORPTION PLANT FOR OXYGEN ENRICHMENT OF AIR}

The present invention relates to the protection of the environment, in particular to the treatment of dangerous solid medical waste, and includes a group of inventions (plants for furnace and air enrichment in oxygen) that can be classified as a single concept invention.

Solid medical waste generated during the activities of various medical institutions, including quarantine hospitals, poses a serious risk to the public, where uncontrolled discharge of infected medical waste is sent to public waste stations and dumps, where people and various carriers and these wastes are Because contact can occur.

In addition, in the treatment of some pharmaceutical preparations, viruses and chemicals such as dioxins, furans and phenols, the risk that their incineration temperature must be significantly higher than the combustion temperature of the fire chamber (less than 1300) operating the waste treatment plant. exist.

In this regard, in Russia and other countries, high temperature incineration methods based on using the following technical processes are being developed:

Thermal processing of waste using high temperature (below 2000 ° C.) and oxygen blowing;

Plasma process of waste at a temperature of -2000-3000 ° C .;

Coaxial-microwave processing of medical waste,

Induction and electric-arc heating up to 3000 ° C of waste.

In Russia, this work is mainly in progress at the National Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and the Institute of Thermal Physics.

The methods other than the first mentioned above are not widely applied due to the extremely high power requirements and the low stability of the burner wall produced by the lining technique.

With regard to thermal processes using oxygen blowing, this issue is undertaken by numerous companies in Russia and other countries.

In Russia, for example, the National Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals has worked with industry to produce pilot waste incineration plants using intense air-oxygen bubbling of the melt, which makes it possible to raise the combustion temperature to 1500 ° C.

The following Russian patents have been granted to this plant and technology.

204142, July 26, 91 (Moisif V.S.) "Method and Apparatus for Incineration of Solid Fuels"-combustion in fluidized bed;

2045706, April 30, 92 (Kanachev AB) "Method of Thermal Reconditioning of Solid Wastes"-Adding iron (up to 20% of the amount of waste filled) and blowing a slag bath with oxygen. .

2043566, October 29, 91 (Moisif V.S.) "Fluid Bed Furnace"-Combustion with turning nozzles in a fluid bed.

In such plants (furnace of Banyukov), oxygen blowing, rapid heating of the melt up to 1500 ° C. and temperature holding for at least 2 seconds are used. This contributes to the reduction of dioxin, furan and phenol in the blower gas.

Also of interest is Russian Patent No. 2135896, Dec. 28, 98, IPC F23G 5/027, 7/00 (Popov AN, Volokoneski LA et al.) "Method and apparatus for the heat treatment of solid waste". Ozone-containing media are used to burn metal-reinforced rubber materials (car tires).

In other countries, much attention is also given to waste incineration plants by oxygen blowing. For example, A. In a review by Harald (Germany) of "Forschungen u. It is noted that it is the most promising trend in development.

In the United States, the "molten metal technology" process is widespread. (Energy and Run Material Recovery, 1997, page 65)

In the art, numerous patents and applications from other countries are known for the use of oxygen-enriched air for high temperature incineration of waste.

Federal Application No. 340989, March 17, 84 IPC F23C 11/02 (Meyer)-Fluidized bed furnace with oxygen added to air;

Federal Application No. 4027908, 3 September 90 IPC F23L 7/00 (burger)-supplying oxygen-enriched air to the space on the fire-grid;

US Patent No. 5065680, June 4, 90, IPC F23B 7/00 (chitam)-Mobile waste incineration apparatus for diphenyl extinction using oxygen-enriched air;

US Pat. No. 5,532,10, January 22, 91, IPC F23B 7/00 (Gof)-supplying air under a fire-grid;

-German Federal Application No. 4137284, 13 November 91, IPC F23B 7/00 (Manfred)-Incineration of waste in the shaft under oxygen supply;

Federal Application No. 3735061, October 26, 87, IPC F23G 5/12 (Fischer)-enriched air by 50% O ₂ to the fire chamber to reduce the release of harmful substances and the volume of the flue gas ;

-German Application No. 4002258, October 26, 90 IPC F23G 5/12 (Renhawk)-for the combustion of halogen-containing wastes, with coke ash, natural gas and oxygen supplied to the boiler, with a combustion temperature of 1600 Up to ℃;

US Patent No. 4848250, Aug. 25, 88, IPC F23F 5/16 (Wanderly)-Combustion in a fire chamber incinerator at 2200 ° C. by bubbling air through a molten slag bath;

US Patent No. 4949653, December 5, 89, IPC F23D 14/06 (last). Incineration of medical waste in tunnel furnaces.

Known solutions suffer from the following disadvantages:

1. Oxygen supply produces oxygen from water by hydrolysis or by liquefaction and then evaporation according to Linde or Claude method. Most of the applications and patents presented above contemplate the use of expensive Linde methods. In this case, the oxygen supply unit is found to be more expensive than a reasonable waste incineration plant.

2. In view of the absence of reliable temperature-stable materials (withstanding temperatures above 1500 ° C), the combustion life of the waste incineration plant with oxygen blowing does not exceed 1-2 years.

Prior art related to the present invention is disclosed in Russian Patent No. 2061345, Sep. 26, 94, IPC F23C 5/00 (Adamovic et al.) "Waste incineration plant utilizing waste-gas heat in drinking water supply and power supply systems. As a result, oxygen enriched air is used up to 40-80% O ₂ obtained with the help of pressure swing adsorption techniques that ensure the isolation of oxygen from air.

The present invention uses a more efficient and economical method of enriching air with oxygen and combusting pulverized waste in a combustion chamber (furnace) using the rocket engine principle, using a waste incineration plant to treat hazardous medical waste above 2000 ° C. To present.

A very important factor is taken into account here: the need to directly incinerate the collected medical waste, in the area of large care facilities. This completely excludes the transfer of infected material beyond the hospital premises.

Recently, its implementation has been applied in the United States, Japan, Sweden, Denmark and Norway. Moscow also supports this idea. On September 28, 2000, the Moscow city council reviewed the detailed proposal of the Ecological Policy Committee, "establishing three or four institutions for the centralized provision of hospitals, and building seven individual plants within the territory of quarantine hospitals." I made a decision. ("Farmatsevticheskii Vestnik" No. 38, 17 October 2000)

Obviously, it is reasonable to identify such practices in Korea that deal with hazardous medical waste.

The present invention is based on an adsorption plant that enriches oxygen in air.

From the state of the art, several (two or more) adsorbers filled with adsorbent, with inlets connected to the compressed air supply system and outlets connected to the oxygen consumer, and gas streams are regulated to Air separation to obtain an oxygen-enriched gas mixture as a product gas with a mixture of nitrogen and argon, comprising a block of valves that enable cycle switch-over of the adsorption (regeneration duration) A pressure swing adsorption plant is known. Oxygen-generating plants are protected by a number of patents:

U.S. Patent No. 5,516,578 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed October 8, 91, published November 17, 92, Nat. Pat. Cl. 55/18;

US Patent No. 5169413 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04 filed Oct. 7, 1991, issued Dec. 8, 92, Nat. Pat. Cl. 55/25;

US Patent No. 5256172 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04 filed April 17, 92, published October 26, 93, Nat. Pat. Cl. 423/230;

US Patent No. 5104426 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed November 2, 90, issued April 14, 92, Nat. Pat. Cl. 55/18;

Canadian Patent 13225182 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed August 5, 88, issued December 14, 93;

U.S. Pat.No. 5,028,893 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed March 5, 92, published April 20, 93, Nat. Pat. Cl. 55/163;

French Patent No. 2689785 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/06, C01b 13/02-filed April 13, 92, issued October 15, 93;

French Patent No. 2684089 IPC ⁵ C01D 13/02 C01D 20 / 04—9114546, filed November 26, 91, issued May 21, 93;

US Patent No. 528056 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed September 27, 91, published November 2, 93, Nat. Pat. Cl. 95/22;

US Patent 5330561 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed March 25, 93, published July 19, 94, Nat. Pat. Cl. 95/01;

US Patent No. 4194891, IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed March 20, 94, published May 10, 95, Nat. Pat. Cl. 95/01;

US Patent No. 5240474 IPC ⁵ B01D 53/04, filed Jan. 30, 92, published Aug. 31, 93;

One of the major disadvantages of the known devices is a defect in the structural implementation of the adsorber, which lowers the reliability and the operating efficiency of the device as a whole.

Closest to the invention is in one block, filled with adsorbent, the inlet pipe is connected to the compressed air supply system and the outlet pipe is connected to the consumer via a valve for regulating the gas stream and connecting the pipeline. Air separation adsorption plant comprising two adsorbers combined. (Skirnov I.A. et al., "Adsorption Plant for Oxygen Generation", RU 2096078, 1998)

In order to increase the operating efficiency and reliability, the adsorber is provided with an inner shell located about the longitudinal axis of the outer housing.

This leads to non-uniform distribution of the gas stream through the adsorption bed and significantly complicates the structure of the plant. In addition, a disadvantage of this engineering solution (as well as most of the other known engineering solutions) is the significant amount of oxygen (about 16% by volume) in the exhaust gas. This leads to an increase in power consumption since it is used to compress the total volume of treated air released with nitrogen, including this portion of oxygen. A second major negative consequence, resulting from the relatively high oxygen content of the exhaust gases, is the possibility of spontaneous combustion of household waste utilized in the predrying stage in the atmosphere of a gas mixture containing 16% O ₂ . to be. Therefore, to ensure safety, it is desirable to reduce the oxygen content in the gas mixture exiting the adsorber to 12-14% by volume. According to special survey data, in such low oxygen atmospheres, spontaneous ignition of solid household waste does not occur and the self-propagating process of combustion is not maintained.

The present invention is simple and practically feasible, ensuring the production of a gas mixture of increased oxygen content (less than 40-95%) in the product gas and spontaneously reduced oxygen content (less than 12-14%) in the exhaust gas. It is proposed to provide an adsorption plant that operates compactly and reliably.

The above object is that at least two adsorbent filled with adsorbents, the inlet pipe is connected to the compressed air supply system via a control valve and the outlet pipe is connected to a consumer via a gas stream control valve and a connecting pipeline. Adsorption plant comprising a block, wherein each adsorber is a bidirectional device having a robust external housing and a lightweight internal shell arranged coaxially along a single longitudinal axis, the outer housing being Cylindrical and circular in cross section, the inner shell has at least a portion of its length other than circular, i.e. elliptical cross section, with each cross section in the orthogonal direction of the shell longitudinal axis of this shape along the axis (pumping of the eccentricity of the ellipse (pumping) Due to the fact that the length of the sides of these sections does not change, It is achieved.

In addition, the shell made of light weight is firmly enclosed with the inside of the end face of the robust outer housing from the end face having the smallest cross-sectional area in an ellipse shape, three pipes being installed on the outside of the end face, two of which are Is selectively operated for either the spontaneous supply of compressed air for separation or the spontaneous discharge of the nitrogen-enriched mixture, with the shell on the longitudinal axis of the ellipse at the same distance from the inner surface of the outer housing and the outer surface of the inner shell. Symmetrically arranged on both sides; The third of the pipes is in common with the robust housing and shell, operating selectively for supplying the oxygen-rich gas mixture to the consumer or for blowing back the adsorbent from the parallel adsorber to the oxygen-rich gas mixture. It is installed on the length axis.

Implementation of the bidirectional device adsorber of the present invention with the geometric inner shell described above in combination with a cylindrical outer housing ensures that the active cross-sectional area of the adsorbent layer is constantly reduced as the gas mixture moves through the adsorber. This reduction in the active cross-sectional area of the adsorbent is logically reasonable as the pumped gas and air mixtures move inside the adsorbent, with the volume of these mixtures decreasing as a result of the adsorption of the principal component nitrogen. Thus, for adsorption processes operating under optimum conditions, the required amount of adsorbent decreases as the gas and gas being pumped moves from the adsorber inlet to its outlet. Using the construction of the engineering solution described above, the reduction in the cross-sectional area of the adsorption layer as the volume of the moving gas mixture decreases ensures the compactness of the layout, reduces the requirements of the adsorbent and metals, reduces the cost and weight of the plant. Reduce and improve the quality of gas mixture separation. This ensures a high oxygen content (up to 95%) of the product gas and a low oxygen content (12-14%) of the exhaust nitrogen-rich gas mixture. The gas and air pressures inside and outside the shell are approximately equal, and since the shell itself is surrounded on both sides by a dense layer of adsorbent, the forces acting on the shell are balanced against each other so that the shell is a lightweight structural material, for example thin It should be noted that it can be made of metal on the wall. It is technically reasonable to produce a shell of the proposed shape, which can be achieved by applying a simple deformation to a thin walled pipe. In addition, making an inner shell with an elliptical cross-sectional area of decreasing eccentricity makes it possible to conveniently arrange the inlet pipe (used for the discharge of the nitrogen-rich mixture) on the end face side of the outer housing. In the above proposed invention, these pipes are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the shell on the longitudinal axis of the elliptical region, ie the cross-sectional area of the active part of the adsorbent at this location is maximum. This ensures a more homogeneous distribution of the gas mixture in the adsorbent and improves the technical and economic features of the separation process. Placing the inlet and outlet pipes on one end face of the adsorber reduces the length of the pipeline.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings:

A schematic diagram of a furnace for treating solid medical waste with an oxygen enrichment plant in air is shown in FIG. 1. It consists of three main blocks; Blocks for high temperature incineration of solid medical waste, oxygen-enriched blocks in air, and blocks for removing dust and harmful mixtures from blower gases.

The furnace 1 is a combustion chamber of the liquid propulsion engine type, made of high temperature steel, having an outer insulator 14 and a cooling jacket 8.

Combustion chambers (such as liquid propulsion engines) are cooled with oxidant: oxygen-enriched gas. Dried solid medical waste is used as fuel.

In the head of the combustion chamber, an oxidant supply centripet injector 9 (wind holes, tuyeres), a fire grating 11 and an ash collector 12 are disposed. Fuel (waste) is supplied from an inclined reservoir (metal and glass material are separated).

The waste material is crushed in the grinding roll 3. Wastes are captured by two rolls supplied from above and rotating in opposite directions. One of the rolls is provided with a movable bearing and overcomes the spring pressure corresponding to a value that slightly exceeds the pressure required for grinding. When an excessively hard mass enters the roll, the roll moves away and at the same time turns off the grinding roll motor. Toothed rolls are used for the most complete grinding.

Turn off.

At the bottom of the roll is a screw device with a sieve motor. The screw device is a conveyor screw and consists of an Archimedes screw, ie a chute with a shaft bent in a spiral or a shaft with a separate inclined blade.

It is stored at the exit from knife 6 (cutter) skews for crushing the elastic waste. Screw production capacity is 150 kg of waste per hour. The screw is rotated by drive 5.

At the head of the furnace, a tool 10 for igniting waste is arranged. At the outlet of the furnace, an afterburner 15 is arranged, with its own cooling jacket and a nozzle 13 for supplying a small amount of oxygen-enriched air to the afterburner and the jacket 7 of the screw 4. .

In order to remove solid dust particles from the flue gas, a unitized electric single stage precipitator 22 is used, which operates using a single electric field in an active region of 1 m or less at a temperature of 425 ° C. or less.

The precipitation electrode is made of a plate in which steel rods of 8 mm diameter are fixed by guides made of strip steel.

The corona electrode is made of 2mm diameter nichrome wire hanging in a vertical row between the precipitation electrodes. A gas-distribution grating is placed at the inlet of the electroprecipitator.

Dust is continuously released with the aid of a device with a conical valve that feeds dust from pipeline 26 to reservoir 2.

A smoke exhauster 23 is installed at the outlet of the electric settler 22, which supplies the used gas to a small diameter screw-cone cyclone. In this cyclone, dust particles of 5 to 20 microns in diameter are thrown into the wall by the effect of centripetal force as the gas stream rotates. Dust is emitted in the same way as in the case of an electric settler.

The final step of capturing dust, ash and water soluble harmful mixtures (N ₂ O ₃ , NO ₂ , N ₂ O ₅ , SO ₂ , HCl, HF) is carried out in a wet scrubber 28. Hollow spheres made of polyethylene, polystyrene and other plastics are used for the packing. On the body of the device between the lower bearing and the distributing grating and the upper limiting grating, a hollow sphere of one layer is located, and a shower sprinkler 27 runs on top of that layer, It works with the help of pump 29 on return water containing replenishment. The device captures particles up to 99% in size over 2 microns. Slag is released after mud settler settling. At the scrubber outlet, a soot consumer 31 is installed and placed in the main chimney 32.

The block for oxygen enrichment of air consists of an air compressor 16, a receiver 17, a pipeline for supplying hot air used for silica gel regeneration, a block of valve 19, a silica gel cartridge 20 and a zeolide adsorber 21 do.

The second and third rows of adsorber 21 and valve 19 constitute an adsorption plant for oxygen enrichment in air, which is also a subject of the present invention. (Second independent claim)

A high temperature furnace equipped with an oxygen enrichment plant in the air operates in the following manner. The slanted solid medical waste is filled into reservoir 2 after preliminary cutting of the elastic waste on cutter 6, crushed in sawtooth grinding roll 3 and fed to the furnace with the help of screw 4.

Air compressor 16 is turned on and compressed air is supplied to receiver 17, which controls the pressure rise in cycle operation of the air-rich plant.

Through the first row of valves, drying air is supplied following the silica gel cartridge 20. Silica gel regeneration is performed by hot air coming from jacket 7 of screw 4. Dry air passes through the second row of valves 19 and subsequently passes through the adsorber 21, where the air is enriched with oxygen to a prescribed degree (more than 40%) and air is passed through the third row of valves 19 Furnace 1 is fed to the cooling jacket 8, and the discharged gases (mainly nitrogen and some oxygen) are fed to the afterburner cooling jacket.

Utilizing this scheme of heating (recovering) oxygen-enriched air to 400-500 ° C, it is possible to raise the temperature of burning dry solid medical waste to 2000 ° C. Incineration of waste in the furnace is carried out with the help of burners 10 operating with city gas. During the combustion process, ash is removed to ash collector 12 via fire grating 11 and the gas exiting furnace 1 is cleaned from dust and harmful mixtures with the aid of electroprecipitator 22, cyclone 24 and wet scrubber 28.

The design and operation of the adsorption plant for preparing the oxygen-rich gas mixture is also a subject of the present invention, illustrated by FIGS. 2 to 4.

2 shows a schematic diagram of an adsorption plant for preparing an oxygen-rich gas mixture. The plant includes a bidirectional adsorber 21 (A and B), a controlled hydraulic valve system KB1, KB2, KC1, KC2, KП1 and two return valves KO1, KO2.

Adsorber 21 is the most important element of the plant of the present invention. Its main salient feature is the geometry of the shell with an elliptical cross section of variable eccentricity combined with the cylindrical shape of the outer housing 35.

FIG. 3 shows a bidirectional adsorber 21 comprising an outer housing 35, an inner shell 36 of variable elliptical cross section, an outlet pipe 38 for an oxygen-enriched gas mixture and two inlet pipes 37.

Figure 4 shows and shows a shell proposed in the present invention having an elliptical cross section which reduces the cross sectional area (in the direction of the gas stream being pumped) as the eccentricity of the conventional (initial) cylinder shell A and the ellipse is reduced. Shells with elliptical cross sections can be manufactured with a simple variant of the initial cylinder shell. At the cross section where the pumped air stream enters the inside of the shell, the elliptical cross section is maximum and can reach one. In this case, the cross section of the shell S1 is the highest and the cross section itself is circular. In the section S3 in which the outlet pipe 38 is arranged, the eccentricity of the ellipse is minimum and the cross-sectional area of the shell is also minimum. The cross-sectional area S2 at any intermediate point of the length axis of the adsorber has S1> S2> S3. The circumference of the shell cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis is constant at any point on the axis.

The proposed geometry and mutual arrangement of the structural elements provide that the cross-sectional area of the active part of the adsorber filled with the adsorbent decreases towards the direction of pumping the air mixture. As the pumped air mixture volume decreases as a result of adsorption, the active cross-sectional area decreases. As the pumped air stream starts and moves in two inlet pipes 37, ie as the flow moves through the adsorbent layer between the inner surface of the outer housing 35 and the outer surface of the shell 36, the cross-sectional area remains constant. And continues to decrease constantly as the flow moves toward the outlet pipe 38 inside the shell 36.

The invention can be applied to the incineration of solid medical waste in large hospitals and other inpatient medical institutions. The present invention can also be applied to the treatment of urban household waste. Adsorption plants for oxygen enrichment in air can also be used for other purposes: gas-cutting, welding and soldering of metals and plastics; metallurgy; Fish farming for sale; The conduct of oxygen therapy in the medical industry.

The proposal of the present invention relates to a group of inventions consisting of a high temperature furnace and an adsorption plant for oxygen enrichment in air, which is included in the invention of a single concept. In this respect, the claims include two independent claims.

1 shows a schematic of a high temperature furnace for the treatment of solid medical waste with an oxygen enrichment plant in air;

2 shows a schematic diagram of an adsorption plant for preparing an oxygen-rich gas mixture;

3 shows a diagram of a bidirectional adsorber;

4 shows a view of a shell.

Claims (3)

delete Wherein the inlet pipe is connected to the compressed air supply system via a regulating valve and the outlet pipe is connected to the consumable via a gas stream regulating valve and a connecting pipeline, wherein the adsorbent comprises at least one block of adsorbent, each of which is a single length A bidirectional device having a rigid outer housing and a lightweight inner shell (coaxially) arranged along an axis, the outer housing being cylindrical and circular in cross section, in an adsorption plant for oxygen enrichment in air, the inner shell being of length At least a portion having a cross-section orthogonal to the longitudinal axis other than circular, ie elliptical, each cross-sectional area of the shape orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the shell due to a decrease in the eccentricity of the ellipse (underflow of air pumped) Adsorption plant characterized in that the length of the sides of these cross-sections does not change, while decreasing. 3. The shell of claim 2, wherein the shell made of light weight is firmly sealed to the inside of the end face of the outer housing, which is rigid at the end face having the smallest cross-sectional area in an ellipse form, and three pipes are provided on the outside of the end face, Two of these pipes operate selectively for either spontaneous supply of compressed air for separation or spontaneous discharge of the nitrogen-enriched mixture, with the longitudinal axis of the ellipse at the same distance from the inner surface of the outer housing and the outer surface of the inner shell. Arranged on both sides of the shell symmetrically; The third of the pipes is in common with the robust housing and shell, acting selectively for supplying the oxygen-rich gas mixture to the consumer or for blowing back the adsorbent from the parallel adsorber to the oxygen-rich gas mixture. Adsorption plant is provided on the longitudinal axis.