KR100424607B1 - mushrooms cultivation medium composition containing corn germ meals or CMS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention contains a corn germ meal (condensed molasses fermentation solubles; hereinafter referred to as 'CMS') as an active ingredient, a composition capable of rapidly growing mushrooms at high density It is about.

Description

Mushroom culture medium composition containing corn germ meal or CMS

The present invention contains a corn germ meal (condensed molasses fermentation solubles; hereinafter referred to as 'CMS') as an active ingredient, a composition capable of rapidly growing mushrooms at high density It is about.

Corn embryos are short-term feeds that are used directly in livestock or as feedstock for blended feeds. They are highly palatable materials used as proteins and energy sources. Corn embryos generally refer to the by-products of oil extraction from corn embryos (aka corn seed eyes) by heat compression or solvent extraction.

In Korea, corn germ meal is produced about 90,000 tons per year. The main components of corn embryos are rich in nutrients such as crude protein 22 ± 2%, crude fat 3% or less, cellulose 8.0 ± 1%, crude ash 4.5 ± 1%, and soluble mineral nitrogen 51 ± 4%. It also contains a large amount of ingredients, and is also used as a feed for livestock.

On the other hand, CMS using molasses as the main raw material, a black liquid non-protein nitrogen source that is involved in the production of lysine (lysine) through the fermentation method is commonly referred to as lysine CMS. This CMS is composed of food nutritional ingredients as shown in Table 1 below.

Ingredient Name Ingredient amount (%) General ingredient moisture 32 Crude Protein (Nitrogen x 6.25) 43 Protein Nitrogen 13 Nonprotein Nitrogen 30 Crude fiber 21 View minutes 5 Mineral calcium 0.15 sign 0.10 salt 0.05 potassium 0.25 magnesium 0.15 Goat 3.50 sulfur 2.50 amino acid Aspartic acid 0.64 Threonine 0.10 Serine 0.13 Glutamic acid 2.24 Prorin 0.18 Glycine 0.16 Alarin 0.57 Valine 0.09 Isoleucine 0.09 Leucine 0.10 Trocin 0.08 Phenylalanine 0.11 Histidine 0.21 Lysine 1.54 Arginine 0.06 Physical properties pH 4.5 importance 1.3 Viscosity cps (25 ℃) 400 Brix 78

On the other hand, mushrooms, like other fungi, are heterotrophs without chlorophyll, which cannot produce nutrients on their own through photosynthesis. Thus, unlike plants that synthesize carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and inorganic materials necessary for the maintenance and growth of life with only carbon dioxide, inorganic ions, and moisture, mushrooms obtain carbon sources, nitrogen sources, and inorganic materials through different mechanisms.

In the 1930s, a microbiologist named Waksman discovered that mushroom hyphae consumed nutrients by breaking down ligrin, cellulose, and hemicellulose extracellularly and absorbing them intracellularly for mushroom mycelial growth and fruiting.

That is, mushroom hyphae secrete enzymes capable of degrading insoluble substances such as ligrin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and proteins out of cells, converting these insoluble substances into soluble monomers or soluble low molecular substances, and converting these soluble substances into cells. By absorbing inside, nutrients such as a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and mineral ions necessary for growth and life support of mushroom mycelia are obtained.

The carbon source obtained by the above method supplies the energy source and carbon required for mushroom mycelial growth through anabolism. In addition, the nitrogen source obtained in this manner provides nitrogen required for the synthesis of amino acids, enzymes, proteins and the like. In addition, trace elements such as phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) that are absorbed into cells are used for various metabolisms, and the absorbed vitamins act as coenzymes. .

Therefore, in cultivating mushrooms, the nutrients supplied should include abundant carbon sources, nitrogen sources and inorganic materials, and be able to be degraded by enzymes that mycelium secretes out of cells. Conventionally, rice bran (aka rice bran) containing abundant carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic material was used as such a nutrient.

However, using rice bran as a nutrient during mushroom cultivation has several problems. First, in the case of containing rice (crumbs of rice) in the rice bran, moisture is not uniformly absorbed in the mushroom medium, and even though autoclaving does not become thermal conductivity, the sterilization effect is lowered. As a result, the mycelia cannot penetrate into the mushroom medium, and the medium often becomes agglomerates of blue mold, and in particular, when spawns contain spawn, it may cause fatal contamination. Second, the rice bran is difficult to store, and if the temperature is high, it becomes rancid and inhibited from mycelial growth.

Therefore, the present inventors conducted a study to find a substance that can replace the rice bran having the above problems as a nutrient for mushroom cultivation, the corn soluble or fermented soluble fermented substance (CMS) of molasses, 1) As there is no solid material, it can absorb moisture evenly into the medium, and 2) it does not deteriorate even after long-term storage, and 3) contains abundant nutrients, so it can grow mycelia of mushrooms at high density quickly. It was found that it can be used as a nutritional substance to replace the and came to complete the present invention.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a mushroom medium composition for rapidly growing mycelia of mushrooms at high density.

In order to achieve the above object, the mushroom medium composition according to the present invention is 10 to 50% (v / v), preferably 10 to 20% (v / v) to the total volume of the mushroom culture medium of corn embryos or CMS It is characterized by containing in the ratio of).

In general, mushroom medium composition, after mixing the sawdust and rice bran at a ratio of about 80:20 (v / v), and then adjust the total moisture content to about 65-70%, and then pressurized at 121 ℃ temperature for about 30 minutes Prepared by sterilization.

However, the mushroom medium composition according to the present invention is prepared in the same manner as above, but instead of rice bran containing corn embryo foil or CMS in an amount of 10 to 50% (v / v) relative to the total volume of the mushroom culture medium. It features. That is, the composition according to the present invention is prepared by mixing sawdust and corn germ meal in a mixing ratio of 9: 1 to 5: 5, preferably 9: 1 to 8: 2. Similarly, a mushroom culture medium is prepared using a mixture of sawdust and CMS of 9: 1 to 5: 5, preferably 9: 1 to 8: 2. When the mixture ratio of sawdust and corn germ meal or CMS is less than 9: 1, the growth density of mushroom hyphae decreases, and when it exceeds 5: 5, the growth rate of mushroom hyphae decreases, making it impossible to obtain large amounts of high-quality mushrooms. It is not preferable because it becomes. In addition, when the blending amount of corn germ meal or CMS is out of the above range, the mycelia are lowered and the disease resistance is weakened.

According to the present invention, when increasing the concentration of the use of corn germ foil or CMS, the growth rate of the mycelium increases but the growth rate decreases, and on the contrary, when the use concentration of the corn germ foil or CMS is lowered, the growth rate of the mycelia increases. , The growth density is low. Therefore, in order to grow mushroom hyphae at high density, the amount of corn germ meal or CMS added may be 10-50% (v / v), preferably 10-20% (v / v), based on the total volume of the mushroom culture medium. It is preferable to contain in a ratio.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples and Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Reference Example 1 Preparation of Mushroom Mycelia and Inoculum

In the following examples, Pleurotus ostreatus KNAC1002, Pleurotus eryngii KNAC1043, Flamulina velutipes KNAC1402, Shiitake fungus ( Lentinus edodes ) The experiment was performed using the mushroom bacteria of Ganoderma lucidum KNAC2502.

In addition, the mixture of sawdust and rice bran at a ratio of 80:20 (v / v), and then prepared by adding 70% by weight of water to the total dry weight of the culture medium, mushroom hyphae to obtain inoculum by autoclaving Culture medium was prepared.

Mushroom mycelia inoculum is a mycelium section (2 x 3 cm) of each of the mushroom bacteria cultured in a PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium for 10 days in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 g of the mushroom mycelia culture medium prepared above. After aseptic inoculation two by two, it was obtained by further incubation for 8 days.

Reference Example 2 Purchasing Corn Germ Park and CMS

Corn germ foil and CMS used in the following experiment were obtained from corn germ residues left after producing corn oil in Gyeonggi Co., Ltd.

[Reference Example 3] Preparation of mushroom mycelia

In the following examples, different types of sawdust were used for each mushroom hyphae to prepare conditions suitable for mycelial growth and density of the test bacteria. Pleurotus and Pleurotus mushroom was used in Italy poplar sawdust (Populus euramericama), mushroom was used for Douglas fir sawdust (Pinusdensiflora), elevation and Ganoderma lucidum used a sawdust oak (Quercus serrata).

The culture medium of the mushroom was mixed with the sawdust and rice bran different by mushroom mycelia at a ratio of 80:20 (v / v), and then the water content was adjusted to 65 ± 2% by weight relative to the total dry weight of the culture medium. The sawdust culture medium prepared in this way was constantly filled in a test tube (3.0 × 20.0cm) by 50g (specific gravity 0.21), and then autoclaved at 121 ℃ for 30 minutes, and then the inoculum prepared in Reference Example 1 3 Inoculated 5 g each. Then, the mycelial growth and density were examined for 15 days at 5 days intervals while culturing in an incubator adjusted to 25 ± 2 ℃.

Example 1 Effect of Corn Germ Meal or CMS on Pleurotus mycelial Growth and Density

As described in Reference Example 3 above, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (v / v) of corn germ meal or CMS was added to Italian poplar sawdust based on the total volume of the culture medium composition and sawdust culture for oyster mushrooms. After making the medium, and constantly filling the test tube (3.0 × 20.0cm) by 50g (specific gravity 0.21), and then autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, the oyster mushroom inoculum prepared by the method of Reference Example 1 was 3 to 5 g each was inoculated. For the control, it was made the same as above except that the sawdust culture medium prepared by mixing the Italian poplar sawdust and rice bran in a ratio of 8: 2 (v / v). Then, the density of the hyphae and the length of the hyphae grown at 5-day intervals were measured. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

Addition Content (V / V) 10 20 30 40 50 Corn embryos Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 90 71 63 57 55 Growth density ++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ CMS Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 93 78 64 54 48 Growth density ++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ Control Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 74 Growth density ++ ※ Mycelial density: + weak, ++ normal, +++ good, ++++ very good

As shown in Table 1, it was found that the mycelial growth rate decreases as the content of corn germ meal or CMS increases in the sawdust solid medium, but the density of the mycelia increases. These results are the same as the phenomenon shown when the content of rice bran is increased. Therefore, in order to prepare a mushroom medium composition for rapidly growing oyster mushroom mycelium at a high density, it is important to determine an appropriate amount of corn germ meal or CMS addition.

On the other hand, in the case of oyster mushroom mycelium, when analyzing the results in Table 1, the growth rate of the mycelium is 90 mm, respectively, when corn germ meal or CMS is added to the sawdust solid medium to a concentration of 10% (v / v) / 10 days, 93 mm / 10 days. This was significantly higher than 74 mm / 10 days of the control group, the mycelial density was slightly lower than the control group. The addition of 20% (v / v) corn germ meal or CMS showed similar growth rates for mycelial growth compared to the control, but significantly improved mycelial density. When more than 30% (v / v) of CMS or Pleurotus eryngii were used, the density of Pleurotus eryngii mycelium increased markedly, but the growth rate of hyphae was lower than that of the control.

Therefore, it was confirmed that the mushroom culture medium for increasing the growth rate of oyster mushroom mycelium at high density preferably contains corn germ meal or CMS in an amount of about 10-20% (v / v) based on the total volume of the culture medium. Could.

However, since oyster mushrooms have higher yields from spawns, corn germ meal and CMS acting as stimulators may be added in an amount of about 10-50% (v / v) to the total culture medium volume. It doesn't matter.

Example 2 Effect of Corn Germbac on Mycelial Growth and Density

As described in Reference Example 3 above, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (v / v) of corn germ meal or CMS was added to Italian poplar sawdust for the total volume of the culture medium composition, and sawdust for the large mushrooms After making a culture medium, and constantly filling the test tube (3.0 × 20.0cm) by 50g (specific gravity 0.21), and then autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, oyster mushroom prepared by the method of Reference Example 1 3 to 5 g of inoculum was inoculated. For the control, it was made the same as above except that the sawdust culture medium prepared by mixing the Italian poplar sawdust and rice bran in a ratio of 8: 2 (v / v). Then, the density of the hyphae and the length of the hyphae grown at 5-day intervals were measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

Addition content (V / V, ㎜ / 10 days) 10 20 30 40 50 Corn embryos Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 72 67 63 60 59 Growth density ++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ CMS Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 74 66 63 56 55 Growth density +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ Control Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 74 Growth density ++

As shown in Table 3 below, the Greater Oyster Mushroom (aka, Pleurotus eryngii) mycelial growth, when added to the total volume of the mushroom culture medium, corn germ meal or CMS at a mixing ratio of 10% (v / v) The speed is 72 mm / 10 days and 74 mm / 10 days, respectively, and the growth density is similar or slightly improved, so that the corn germ meal or CMS of the present invention can replace rice bran, which is a nutrient of the culture medium used in the past. I could see that. However, when more than 20% (v / v) of corn germ meal or CMS was added, the mycelial density of the mushroom was significantly improved, but the growth rate was slowed. On the other hand, since the large oyster mushrooms are less commercially available, it is preferable to add about 10% (v / v) corn germ meal or CMS in order to obtain a large number of high quality large locust mushrooms.

Example 3 Effect of Corn Germbac or CMS on Enoki Mushroom Mycelial Growth and Density

As described in Reference Example 3 above, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (v / v) of corn germ foil or CMS was added to rice chopped sawdust culture medium for enoki mushrooms based on the total volume of the culture medium composition. After making a constant filling 50g (specific gravity 0.21) in a test tube (3.0 × 20.0cm), and then autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, the mushrooms inoculated by the method of Reference Example 1 3 Inoculated 5 g each. For the control, it was made the same as above except for using the sawdust culture medium prepared by mixing the songsong sawdust and rice bran in a ratio of 8: 2 (v / v). Then, the density of the hyphae and the length of the hyphae grown at 5-day intervals were measured. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

Addition content (V / V, ㎜ / 10 days) 10 20 30 40 50 Corn embryos Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 84 79 78 74 70 Growth density ++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ CMS Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 87 83 82 79 76 Growth density +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ Control Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 56 Growth density +++

As shown in Table 4, in the culture medium of the enoki mushroom mycelium, even if corn embryos or CMS is added in an amount of 10 to 50% (v / v) based on the total volume of the culture medium, it grows as compared to the control group. The rate was markedly improved, and in terms of growth density, when used more than 20% (v / v) for corn germbak, and more than 10% (v / v) for CMS, the improvement effect compared to the control group Indicated. Thus, it was found that corn germ meal or CMS could replace the conventional rice bran for growth of the enoki mushroom mycelium. On the other hand, in the case of enoki mushroom mycelial growth, if the number of feet is large, the quantity per bottle of culture increases, so it is most preferable to use more than 20% (v / v) corn germ and 10% (v / v) CMS. Do.

Example 4 Effect of Corn Germbac or CMS on Shiitake Mycelial Growth and Density

As described in Reference Example 3 above, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (v / v) of corn germ meal or CMS was added to sol oak sawdust for the total culture volume of the culture medium. After making the medium, and constantly filling the test tube (3.0 × 20.0cm) by 50g (specific gravity 0.21), and then autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, shiitake inoculum prepared by the method of Reference Example 1 was 3 to 5 g each was inoculated. For the control, it was made the same as above except for using the sawdust culture medium prepared by mixing the sol oak sawdust and rice bran in a ratio of 8: 2 (v / v). Then, the density of the hyphae and the length of the hyphae grown at 5-day intervals were measured. The results are shown in Table 5 below.

Addition content (V / V, ㎜ / 10 days) 10 20 30 40 50 Corn embryos Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 56 51 49 45 41 Growth density +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ CMS Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 58 55 57 52 47 Growth density +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ Control Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 47 Growth density +++

As shown in Table 5, CMS is added at a mixing ratio of 10 to 40% (v / v) or corn germ meal at a mixing ratio of 10 to 30% (v / v) based on the total volume of the culture medium. As a result, it was confirmed that both the growth rate and the growth density of mushroom hyphae were improved. However, even when using more than 40% (v / v) CMS or more than 30% (v / v) corn germbak, the mycelial density is higher than the control group, a large amount of shiitake mushrooms can be obtained compared to the control group. Therefore, in the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, it is recommended to add CMS or corn embryos to the mushroom culture medium at a mixing ratio of 10 to 50% (v / v), preferably 10 to 20% (v / v). desirable.

Example 5 Effect of Corn Germbac or CMS on Ganoderma lucidum Mycelial Growth and Density

As described in Reference Example 3 above, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% (v / v) of corn germ meal or CMS was added to sol oak sawdust for sawdust culture for Ganoderma lucidum based on the total volume of the culture medium composition. After making the medium, and constantly filling the test tube (3.0 × 20.0cm) by 50g (specific gravity 0.21), and then autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 ℃, Ganoderma lucidum inoculator prepared by the method of Reference Example 1 was 3 to 5 g each was inoculated. For the control, it was made the same as above except for using the sawdust culture medium prepared by mixing the sol oak sawdust and rice bran in a ratio of 8: 2 (v / v). Then, the density of the hyphae and the length of the hyphae grown at 5-day intervals were measured. The results are shown in Table 6 below.

Addition content (V / V, ㎜ / 10 days) 10 20 30 40 50 Corn embryos Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 74 71 69 65 64 Growth density ++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ CMS Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 76 73 72 62 60 Growth density ++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ Control Mycelial growth rate (㎜ / 10 days) 68 Growth density ++

As shown in Table 6 above, when corn germ meal or CMS was added at a mixing ratio of 10 to 30% (v / v), both mycelial growth rate and density were improved and 40% (v / v) compared to the control group. At the above mixing ratio, the mycelial growth rate slightly decreased, but the mycelial density was improved. Therefore, it was found that corn germ meal or CMS can be used in the culture of Ganoderma lucidum by replacing rice bran in the related art.

The composition according to the present invention can be grown rapidly by dense mushrooms by containing corn germ meal or CMS as an active ingredient. Therefore, it is thought that rice bran can be replaced as a nutritional substance of mushroom culture media used in the past.

Claims (4)

In the mushroom mycelium culture medium composition, the mushroom promoting mycelia or the nutritional substance of the culture medium is selected from the group consisting of corn germ cake and condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS). Mushroom culture medium composition. The mushroom culture medium composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of corn germ meal or CMS is 10 to 50% (v / v) based on the total volume of the culture medium composition. The mushroom culture medium composition according to claim 2, wherein the content of the corn germ meal or the CMS is 10-20% (v / v) based on the total volume of the culture medium composition. The mushroom culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mushroom hyphae is selected from the group consisting of Pleurotus eryngii, Camellia fungus, Enoki mushroom, Shiitake fungus and Ganoderma lucidum fungus Composition.