KR100220560B1 - Method for producing homogeneous, fine, pulverulent solids dispersions optionally containing active substances - Google Patents

Abstract

The solid aqueous suspension is homogenized with an extract of a water-consuming reaction, such as calcium oxide, an aluminum alcohol compound or the like, or with a silicic acid ester to produce a homogeneous, finely dispersed, powdery solid dispersion.

In order to homogeneously fill the homogeneous, finely dispersed, powdery solid dispersion with the active compound, the aqueous aqueous suspension of the solid and the homogeneous mixture of the solution or suspension of the active compound with an extract of the water-consuming reaction Homogenize.

Homogeneous, finely dispersed, powdery solid dispersions, filled or unfilled with active compounds, are versatile products in agricultural and technical applications, especially in the field of environmental improvement.

Description

A method of producing a homogeneous fine powdery solid dispersion, optionally containing the active substance

Solid dispersions play an important role in agriculture and technology. Examples of this are clay powders, which are important as soil adsorbents and adsorbents in industrial processes.

The production of finely dispersed solid dispersions from finely dispersed aqueous intermediates such as natural clays requires drying and mechanical homogenization processes that require excessive heat.

The production of finely dispersed solid dispersions in coarse-particle solids or solid components requires a mechanically complex grinding or grinding process to obtain a solid dispersion consisting of rather fine homogeneous particles. However, this mechanical process is limited due to the fact that the specific particle size possible for each material is determined solely by the maximum shear force available by engineering.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method by which extremely homogeneously finely dispersed solid dispersions can be produced without the need for complex engineering solutions.

To achieve the present invention, the finely dispersed aqueous suspension is mechanically homogenized with extracts of water-consuming chemical reactions, such as alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds or silicic esters or mixtures of these compounds.

Then, the extract of the water-consuming chemical reaction in the homogenized mixture is allowed to react with water of the formula amount.

The water-consuming reaction is chosen in the reaction in which finely dispersed solids are formed.

Therefore, the extracts form alkyllitometal hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and silica.

Finely dispersed aqueous suspensions suitable for the purposes of the present invention are suspensions of finely dispersed solids in water. Finely dispersed materials within the meaning of the present invention have a particle size range. From 0 250 , Preferably from 1 to 50 It is a substance within the range, and its structural characteristics show good adsorptivity. Examples of this include thin silicates, finely dispersed silica, aluminum oxide, and aluminum hydroxide, precipitated chokes and iron oxides. The paste-like mixture of this and water is represented here as a finely dispersed suspension.

The proportion of water in the finely dispersed suspension is sufficient, on the one hand, for the subsequent chemical reaction of the water-consuming extract, on the other hand, if only an allowable amount of water to produce a powdery solid dispersion is present. It can be varied within a wide range.

The water content of the finely dispersed suspension is adjusted to be a paste-like, doughable material.

The finely dispersed aqueous suspension may be natural or industrially produced. Clay extracted from the soil for earthenware production is a paste-like, doughy, aqueous, finely dispersed natural suspension and can be used in the present invention without modification. Bleached clay and clay powder are industrially produced; Mixing this with water to form a dough produces a finely dispersed aqueous suspension suitable for use in the present invention.

In addition to clays, clay-like and clay material may also be used to make finely dispersed aqueous suspensions. As used herein, the terms clay-like and clay-like materials do not indicate chemical composition but the adsorptive power of such materials as a result of physical and structural features. Examples of this include clay or clay-like soot, filter dust, ash and industrial residues and emissions, such as bleached earth emissions from the food industry, or red mud from the Bayer process, byproducts of aluminum production. Paste-like compounds mainly consisting of iron oxides and iron hydroxides.

An essential aspect of the present invention is that the water contained in the finely dispersed suspension is uniformly consumed in the chemical reaction with alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds or silicate esters, since only then is the homogeneous ground solid dispersion This can be obtained. For this reason, the water-consuming reaction should not be started until the extract of the water-consuming reaction is evenly distributed in the suspension.

This may be accomplished by quickly homogenizing the finely dispersed aqueous suspension with a uniformly distributed water-consuming reaction extract before the water-consuming chemical reaction begins for some time, or a conventional reaction with a finely distributed aqueous suspension. By adding a papermaking agent such as ammonia solution, alcohol, alkali sulfate, or the like, or by appropriately treating the water-consuming reaction extract with, for example, alcohol or a long-chain amine, fatty acid, or the like. It is also possible to use mixtures thereof, instead of alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds or silicate esters which are pure extracts.

The clay product obtained in accordance with the present invention may be used to seal soil modifiers or soil building materials such as heaps of rubbish. Similarly this applies to all other suspensions indicated. Solid dispersions together with aluminum hydroxide or silica may be used as effective adsorbents.

The various chemical and physical properties of the active compounds on solid carriers are advantageously converted depending on their degree of dispersion. Generally speaking, as the chemical reactivity of a solid or liquid substance acting as a reactant increases, it is distributed more finely to the carrier. One example of a physical effect is a change in the rate at which an equilibrium is reached during, for example, adsorption or dissolution. When the active compound is finely dispersed in the solid carrier, chemical and physical processes that do not occur or occur very slowly are possible.

It is known that solid or liquid active compounds can be placed in the solid carrier by mechanical means using grinding. It is also possible to saturate the solid carrier with the active compound solution and then dry the suspension.

Suitable active compounds may be placed on the solid carrier by vacuum deposition.

Finally, it is possible to transfer the active compounds into solid carriers during the dispersion chemical reaction in uniform and finely dispersed form.

The method described above has certain limitations or other drawbacks to its applicability. For example, the grinding of the active compound is limited by the fact that the shear forces that can be achieved by mechanical means are not sufficient to produce a fine dispersion that may be necessary for the active compound in the milled material. The production of homogeneously packed and pulverized solid dispersions using active compound solutions or by vacuum deposition is usually costly due to the limited technical complexity of soluble or volatile active compounds. The choice of active compounds that are homogeneously dispersed very finely in dispersion chemical reactions is limited to the active compounds that can be previously dispersed in the dispersion chemical reaction extract.

Moreover, such extracts, in particular acalitometal oxides, aluminum alcohol compounds and silicate esters, etc., are relatively expensive.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to produce pulverized solid dispersions which are technically simple and economical and at the same time predominantly filled with active compounds by means of avoiding limitations and drawbacks.

To this end, the finely dispersed aqueous suspension is homogenized into the active compound or mixture of active compounds by mechanical means. The resulting homogenized mixture is then homogenized with an alkaline earth metal oxide or aluminum alcohol compound or silicic acid ester or mixtures thereof.

The fundamental idea of the present invention is to exploit the potential adsorptive power of solids present in finely dispersed form in the repair suspension. The solid is completely surrounded by water in this environment and cannot be actually adsorbed.

However, in the presence of an adsorbable homogeneously dispersed active compound, which may be present in solution form or as a finely dispersed suspension, by water-consuming reactions such as hydration of alkaline earth metal oxides or hydrolysis of aluminum alcohol compounds, etc. If water is chemically removed from the aqueous suspension, the active compound is now adsorbably bound to a mostly anhydrous solid surface, resulting in adsorption.

It is also an essential aspect of the present invention that finely dispersed solid reaction products, such as alkylolitometal hydroxides or aluminum hydroxides, which occur simultaneously in extracts of water-consuming reactions are likewise adsorbable.

The advantage of the present invention is that, unlike mechanical distribution, it is possible to homogeneously disperse a small amount of the active compound in the solid carrier, and unlike the homogeneous microdispersion of the active compound reached during the dispersion chemical reaction, It is not necessary at all that the conditions, i.e. the fact that it must be possible to disperse the active compound for dispersion in advance in the extract of the dispersion chemical reaction, such as alkaline earth metal oxides, aluminum alcohol compounds or silicic acid esters, are not necessary.

Under the present invention, which produces a powdered solid dispersion homogeneously filled with the active compound, the active compound is homogenized with an aqueous suspension finely dispersed by mechanical means. The resulting homogenized mixture is then homogenized with alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds. This fact allows the proportion of alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds required to produce a homogeneously packed ground solid dispersion of the active compound to be essentially reduced. If desired, it is reduced to approximately one tenth of the amount required for the dispersion chemistry.

The term active compound here refers to a substance which is particularly active chemically and physically in a finely dispersed state, unlike the substance of a suspension, which is regarded only as a carrier substance. In this regard, the physical and chemical properties of the compounds involved are not important on their own but only in terms of their role in the particular application. This will be illustrated by two embodiments.

Natural clay is homogenized by kneading it with concentrated aqueous solution of sodium sulfide;

15 based on the amount of clay used Water-consuming chemical reactions with hydrophobic calcium oxide result in the formation of a powdery solid dispersion homogeneously filled with sulfide ions. As is known, finely dispersed active compounds sulfide ions are highly reactive precipitants. As a result, many toxic heavy metals are converted into heavy metal sulfides which are insoluble by precipitation, thereby chemically devolatile and immobilized.

To this end, heavy metal contaminated soil, fly ash or slack is mixed with the solid dispersion and then compacted to form a solid material.

Large amounts of contaminated material, such as chimney contents, construction parts, equipment, etc., are placed in the solid dispersion as such or in mixtures with other materials having the benefit of soil mechanics, and then the resulting mixture is concentrated. After homogenizing the sludge with the above solid dispersion, in order to be able to discard the sludge in the form of a material having a high bearing capacity which is stable in the soil-mechanical standpoint, considering the gel structure of the unstable sludge from the soil standpoint, the problem of soil mechanics Is contaminated with heavy metals It is especially important for sludge treatment in sewage treatment plants. In this regard, mixing in moderate emissions contaminated with heavy metals, such as slack and ash, is of particular advantage from an economic point of view.

According to one particularly effective variant, part of the clay was first kneaded with an aqueous alkaline sulfide solution and the second part of clay was kneaded with an aqueous suspension of finely dispersed iron sulfate. When the two parts were subsequently homogenized, this resulted in very finely dispersed iron sulfide embedded in the clay structure. Still this paste-like compound is now chemically, based on the total amount of clay, about 20 normal calcium oxide Reacted with It did not become water repellent. A slight excess of iron ions such as It was chosen to represent. The active compound now consists of iron sulfide, which becomes insoluble in water.

However, products with much less solubility of toxic heavy metal sulfides mean that precipitation occurs after mixing in the heavy metal contaminated material.

This provides a particularly effective way to immobilize heavy metals without the risk of soil water through the direct use of fluent alkali sulfides.

In the above examples and related modifications, because of their chemical reactivity, the above recognizable materials such as iron sulfide are used as active compounds, apparently as precipitants. However, the present invention also allows a substance to be considered chemically inert to be used as the active substance.

For example, the hard bitumen is melted and kneaded with clay, and once the mixture is homogenized, it is preferably reacted with hydrophobic calcium oxide and then kneaded again, after which a water-consuming calcium oxide hydration will occur. At first, the paste-like material will decompose and become a powdered solid dispersion homogeneously filled with hard bitumen. As is known, the calcium hydroxide contained in this solid dispersion is not chemically inert and has a basic property so that it can easily react with, for example, carbon dioxide.

On the other hand, the hard bitumen contained in this solid dispersion is completely inert from a chemical point of view.

Such objects are, for example, highly toxic organic substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD / PCDF), such as those contained in filter dust in waste incineration plants or soil contaminants. To make it harmless by an irreversible immobilization process, the mixture of clay particles and calcium hydroxide present in the solid dispersion is the carrier and the hard bitumen is the active compound. For this purpose, so contaminated fumes or soil were filled with hard bitumen and mixed with the resulting ground solid dispersion using clay and calcium oxide, and the mixture was concentrated to form soil.

After a while the finely dispersed hard bitumen in the solid support incorporated harmful organics due to the good solubility in the hard bitumen solid solvent. The application of trial and microanalysis methods under prolonged test conditions ensured that the harmful organics treated in this way according to the invention are permanently and completely immobilized.

Other boiling point inert organic materials such as waxes, waselin or mineral oils with high melting points may be used in place of hard bitumen.

It is not possible to list the active compounds and their mixtures individually.

Because its choice will be automatically determined according to the usual criteria for the particular application to be expected. For example, it is known that trace elements with different concentrations and bioavailability are needed when producing plant substrates.

These include copper, iron, manganese, zinc, molybdenum and boron, which are used in the form of heterogeneous concentrates by mechanically mixing their soluble compounds.

A disadvantage of this preparation method is that it is not uniformly available because the above plant trace elements cannot be uniformly dispersed in the substrate. In contrast, the same compounds of the trace elements are first kneaded with a clay matrix and uniformly distributed in this way, after homogenizing the mixture with calcium oxide, a finely divided solid preparation is obtained in which the active ingredient is extremely uniformly dispersed. Lose. Simultaneously dispersed tartaric acid and citric acid provide a way to predetermine the bioavailability of the trace elements.

If the tartaric acid or tartaric acid free trace element compounds are converted to individually ground solid dispersions and are not required to mix them in the specific proportions required for application until then, mixing in water repellency is preferred.

Because at that time no deleterious interaction is possible between the compounds of the trace elements in the mixture of the individual milled solid dispersions.

In the same way, it is possible to process the most diverse types of phytonutrients with extreme homogeneous soluble fertilizers if they are stable in the resulting alkali medium.

The number of active compounds that can be used in the field of environmental protection is too large to list. For there are too many harmful substances causing trouble.

Thus, in theory, there is an active compound within the meaning of the present invention which can be used for immobilization and detoxification as a reagent such as precipitation, condensation or additive, for each harmful substance or at least for each class of harmful substances.

In this regard, high boiling organic phases are particularly important as active compounds for the adsorption or absorption of harmful inorganic and organic substances. This is because this form of immobilization and physical fixation is particularly simple and complete. One example of these is the use of long-chain amines as active compounds to adsorptively remove harmful substances from the waste gas from waste incineration plants. Moreover, the boiling point of much stronger activating compounds can act as a high organic phase, which can chemically interact with harmful substances, shifting the equilibrium position towards complete absorption. For example, with long-chain amines on bitumen.

Those skilled in the art will be well aware of the relationship between the selection of the active compound and the purpose to be achieved and therefore no further explanation is required here.

For example, those skilled in the art will appreciate that finely dispersed metals such as magnesium or aluminum can be used to dehalogenate aromatic compounds, including halogen compounds.

In the second example cited above using hard bitumen as the active compound, hydrophobic calcium oxide is preferably used. An essential aspect of the present invention is that the water contained in the finely dispersed suspension is uniformly consumed in the chemical reaction with alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds, which are homogeneously packed ground solid dispersions only in this condition. This can be generated.

For this reason, the water-consuming reaction should not begin until the alkaline earth metal oxide or aluminum alcohol compound is uniformly dispersed in the homogenized mixture from the active compound and the suspension. This is achieved by homogenizing a homogeneous mixture of finely dispersed aqueous suspension and active compound with alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds such that the active compound is uniformly dispersed in the homogenized mixture before some water-consuming chemical reactions begin. Can be. Or by pre-treating alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds with, for example, alcohols or long-chain amines, fatty acids, or the like, by adding conventional reactive inhibitors such as ammonia solution, alcohols, alkali sulfates, etc. to finely dispersed aqueous suspensions. It can also be done by.

It is possible to use respective mixtures instead of pure alkaline earth metal oxides or aluminum alcohol compounds.

When used in agricultural or engineering applications, especially in the field of environmental protection, this powdery suspension, homogeneously filled with the active compound, preferably utilizes an excess of calcium oxide, preferably hydrophobic calcium oxide, in one suitable or continuous mixing process. Is useful. This causes cohesive contaminated material to be destroyed in one process, causing the active compound to be homogeneously dispersed in the medium and all harmful substances captured and innocuous.

Natural calcined clay weight ratio 100 1 It was homogenized in a compound with 18 weight ratio of potassium oxide hydrophobized with fatty acid. The hydration reaction, which begins after about 5 minutes, occurs outside the compounder. The result is an extremely homogeneous dispersion of calcium hydroxide in clay, which is so homogeneous that each component is no longer visible to the naked eye under a microscope.

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Calcined clay was initially used as a reaction inhibitor. It was kneaded with potassium sulfate and then kneaded with unhydrophobized calcium oxide. The hydration reaction starts only after 20 minutes have elapsed.

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Instead of clay, we used red mud from buyer process. Alternatively, the paste prepared in the used dry bleaching soil weight ratio 70 and the water weight ratio 30 was used.

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Instead of calcium oxide, the chemical equivalents of aluminum alcohol compounds or silicate esters can be used. In this case the alcohol released during hydrolysis is evaporated. This can be recovered by condensation.

Example 2

Clay in weight ratio 70, iron sulfate FeSO ₄ .7H ₂ O in weight ratio 7.6, sodium sulfide Na ₂ S in weight ratio 3 (60 ) And weight ratio 4 water were homogenized in the compounder.

The homogenized mixture was homogenized with calcium oxide at a weight ratio of 15.4. The result is 2 It is a weight ratio of solid dispersion 100 of powder form homogeneously filled with iron sulfide FeS.

Iron sulfide FeS can be used to precipitate heavy metals in contaminated materials.

The proportion of iron sulfate is 20 compared to the stoichiometrically required amount. Choose to be excessive. This prevents, for example, in the treatment of contaminated soil or contaminated industrial emissions, so that soluble alkali sulphide cannot enter the soil procedure during the treatment according to the invention. The clay of the present embodiment can be replaced by a paste mixed with water completely or partially used, such as used bleaching soil in a food factory at a weight ratio of 77 and water at 23 weight, or so-called red mud in the Bayer process.

It can also be replaced by mixing the fine-particle filter dust with sufficient water to produce a clay-like matrix. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to add the reaction inhibitor. This is because iron sulfate, like alkali sulfate, inhibits the chemical reaction of calcium oxide in advance, allowing complete homogenization before the water-consuming reaction of calcium oxide begins.

Example 3

In one variation of Example 2, a viscosity of 35 by weight was homogenized in a positive mixer with a suspension of iron sulfate by weight 7.6 and water by weight 2.

Sodium sulfide (60 by weight 3 in water by weight 2) ) Homogenized in an aqueous solution and a positive mixer.

Once homogenization took place, the two parts were homogenized in a positive mixer and the resulting homogenized mixture was homogenized with hydrophobic calcium oxide in a weight ratio of 15.4. The product is 2 It is a powdered solid dispersion that is extremely homogeneously filled with iron sulfide FeS. The above dispersion is Example 2 It can be used in the same manner as the case.

Example 4

In one variation of Examples 2 and 3, separately produced homogenized mixtures of clay and iron sulfate and clay and sodium sulfide were homogenized with calcium oxide and hydrophobic calcium oxide in a weight ratio of 7.7, respectively. By mixing two powdered solid dispersions homogeneously filled with iron hydroxide and sodium sulfide, respectively, they can be used particularly effectively and simultaneously in an environmentally safe way to treat coagulants containing heavy metals in the presence of excess hydrophobic calcium hydroxide. A product was obtained. This is for two reasons.

One is the precipitation of heavy metals with the aid of alkali sulfides.

The other is that these sulfides cannot enter the environment in small quantities because they are captured by the iron hydroxides present, which do not negate the sedimentation of heavy metals that have not yet been reached.

Example 5

Clay of weight 56 with water of weight 15 and 70 Preheated. This finely dispersed aqueous suspension was homogenized in a compounder with molten bitumen B80 at mid-rain 35. Resulting homogeneous mixture 1 The fatty acid was homogenized with a weight ratio of calcium oxide 56 which is water repellent. The result is a powdered suspension homogeneously filled with bitumen, which can be used to immobilize non-ionic harmful inorganic and organic substances in the field of environmental protection and to separate and protect landfills.

To this end, the suspension is mixed with contaminated material, for example in a ratio of 1: 4, with a material containing halogenated dibenzodioxin or dibenzofuran in the ppm range, for example. The exact ratio required is determined by a simple test that evaluates the adsorption power of pure bitumen, depending on the type and amount of harmful substances involved.

To absorb harmful substances with certain functional groups, the molten bitumen was mixed with the amount of active compound necessary to shift the adsorption equilibrium towards complete adsorption, including functional groups capable of reacting with the harmful substances.

In order to treat harmful substances that cannot be immobilized in the alkali range, commercial mixed aluminum alcohol compounds such as aluminum isopropanol compounds and aluminum isobutanol compounds were used rather than calcium oxide. The clay here can be replaced with particular advantages by the red mud of the via process. Because this finely dispersed system is particularly efficient at adsorbing the dioxins and furans in the dry state.

Example 6

23 Clay of weight ratio 150 having a water content was calcined in the compound with water at weight ratio 10. And homogenized with water-soluble salts of copper, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, boron, and iron in a weight ratio 1. This salt was fed as ammonium molybdate and potassium metaborate in the form of the corresponding copper, iron, manganese and zinc sulfate, respectively.

The resulting homogenized mixture is then added to the compound in 0.2 90 repellent with fatty acids Calcium oxide and 10 Homogenized with an alkaline earth metal mixture consisting of magnesium oxide. Individually obtained homogenized powdered solid dispersions filled with the trace elements described above were mixed in a vertical tube mixer in the required proportions corresponding to the expected application. The product is an additive for producing a substrate for plants from peat or compost. The water repellent properties of this additive allow it to mix quickly with very low peat or tumbler. As used herein, the term mixing ratio according to the expected application refers to the different requirements that plants have at various stages of growth. If desired, an above-average increase in the biological effectiveness of each component is to be homogenized with additional tartaric acid at weight ratio 1 in the corresponding preparation, or homogeneous with citric acid at weight ratio 1 to further increase the biological effectiveness.

Example 7

Clays or loams by weight 100 were calcined with water by weight 10.

And it homogenized with calcium cyanamide of 20 weight ratio. The resulting homogenized mixture was homogenized with 10 hydrophobic calcium oxide by weight.

The solid dispersion thus obtained can be used as an agricultural fertilizer containing nitrogen.

Example 8

In the combination of Examples 2 and 5, the clay at a ratio of 100 was in turn homogenized in a weight ratio of 32 iron sulfate suspension in water 7 at weight ratio, sodium sulfide at weight ratio 8 and molten bitumen at weight ratio 30 and a positive mixer. The resulting homogenized mixture is then 0.5 The fatty acid was homogenized with 28 weight percent calcium oxide which became water repellent.

The resultant solid dispersion homogeneously filled with the resulting active compounds iron sulfide and bitumen simultaneously irreversibly immobilizes heavy metals and highly toxic compounds such as contaminated filter dust in ash incineration plants and PCDD / DF in ash. It is available.

Example 9

Each two-fold excess of the formula weight of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, iron sulfide, and calcium carbonate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2. Calcium oxide, which has been made water repellent with fatty acids, was used to separately convert to a homogeneous solid dispersion. Mixtures of various solid dispersions are excellent for irreversibly immobilizing heavy metal ions in sewage sludge, compost, river and port sediment by precipitating each heavy metal with carbonates, sulfides and phosphates.

Arsenic and antimony can also be chemically immobilized in this way.

To this end, the solid dispersion is mixed with additional calcium oxide which is somewhat water repellent and simultaneously with the discharge to be treated.

For example, they are mixed by feeding them into a vertical tube mixer simultaneously.

For the first time, this allowed large quantities of emissions to be stored in an environmentally neutral way without any further measure of safety and also to be used as landfills, for example for landfills for US purposes. The ratio required is determined by the requirements of soil mechanics. They can be identified in conventional adaptive testing, for example by determining the proctor density.

Example 10

Compounding the clay in a weight ratio of 100, or a paste mixed from finely dispersed aluminum hydroxide or zeolith or bentonite and water, or a wet bleaching earth, or mixture of said suspension in weight ratio 100, used Homogenized with a long-chain amine of weight ratio 50, such as stearylamine, and an aminenosilane such as trialkoxy aminosilane, by weight. Then it was homogenized with hydrophobic calcium oxide in weight ratio 500. The resultant dry powder homogeneous solid dispersion containing excess calcium oxide may be subjected to a form of the reaction product, that is, a positive point of view, after a hydration reaction with almost no formula weight of water in relation to the excess calcium oxide In the form of calcium hydroxide as a main component, it can be used for a wide range of adsorption or chemisorption of harmful substances, particularly halogenated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran, in the exhaust gas of waste incineration plants.

Example 11

Alkali sulfides in a weight ratio of 50, or a finely-fumed aluminum hydroxide or zeolite or paste mixed from bentonite and water, or a wet bleaching earth used, or a mixture of said suspensions in weight ratio 100 in a compound Or homogenized with alkaline earth metal compounds. The resulting homogenized mixture was homogenized with hydrophobic calcium oxide in a weight ratio of 150. Because of its hydrophobicity, the resulting homogeneous solid dispersion containing excess calcium oxide and a dry powder can easily act on the surface of the heap of industrial emissions containing heavy metals.

This produces a precipitate over a large area with the precipitant.

This sediment penetrates very slowly along the rainwater into the discharge heap as a medium because of its slow solubility (sulfide ion) due to its low solubility (calcium carbonate from calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide), where it causes a precipitation reaction.

The absolute amount of precipitant required and the thickness of the deposited layer for this can be determined from the height of the emission stack and the average concentration of sedimentable heavy metals in the emission stack.

Similar procedures have been adopted to immobilize harmful substances in other accumulated sediment and emission piles.

Claims (25)

A process for producing a finely dispersed homogeneous powdery solid dispersion comprising the steps of: a) mechanically homogenizing a finely dispersed aqueous suspension with an alkaline earth metal oxide or an aluminum alcohol compound or a silicic acid ester or a mixture of these compounds; And b) allowing the alkaline earth metal oxide or aluminum alcohol compound or silicate ester or mixture of these compounds in the homogeneous mixture to react with water of formula weight. A process according to claim 1, wherein said finely dispersed aqueous suspension consists of natural or industrial origin. A process according to claim 1, wherein said finely dispersed aqueous suspension is obtained through the addition of water from finely dispersed dry matter of natural or industrial origin. 4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said naturally finely dispersed aqueous suspension consists of powdered natural clay, natural clay and clay-like or clay-containing material. 4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said finely dispersed aqueous suspension of industrial origin consists of a production residue, such as bleached soil already used and red mud in the form of residues of a via process. How to feature. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein calcium oxide is used as the alkaline earth metal oxide. The process according to claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide is pre-treated with a reaction inhibiting agent. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the inhibitor comprises a hydrophobic agent. The process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a reaction inhibitor is added to the finely dispersed aqueous suspension. The method of claim 1 wherein said aluminum alcohol compound comprises a commercial liquid mixture of an aluminum alcohol compound. The method of claim 1 wherein said silicate ester comprises a commercial mixture of silicate esters. A process according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: a) mechanically homogenizing the finely dispersed aqueous suspension with the active compound, b) homogenizing the resulting homogenized mixture with an alkaline earth metal oxide or an aluminum alcohol compound or a silicate ester or a mixture of these compounds. And c) allowing the alkaline earth metal oxide or aluminum alcohol compound or silicate ester or mixture of these compounds in the homogeneous compound to react with water of formula weight; Method for producing a solid dispersion in the form of powder homogeneously filled with the active compound, characterized in that consisting essentially of. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the active compound is produced in situ in the finely dispersed aqueous suspension by mixing the chemical weight of the corresponding chemical component of the active compound to be produced with a suitable proportion of the mechanically homogenized finely sprayed aqueous suspension. Characterized in that the method. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the active compound comprises a substance and a mixture of substances usable in agriculture. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the agriculturally available materials and mixtures of materials comprise fertilizers and / or trace elements and / or plant protection agents or mixtures thereof. The method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the active compound comprises an inorganic or organic reaction partner for the detoxification, immobilization and chemical fixation of harmful substances. The method according to claim 16, wherein the active compound comprises a reducing metal such as magnesium and aluminum or a precipitant such as sulfide, carbonate and phosphate. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the active compound comprises inorganic and / or organic adsorption and absorbents for immobilization and adsorptive or absorptive fixation of harmful substances. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the inorganic and / or organic adsorbent and absorbent comprises a high boiling point inert material. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said high boiling point inert material comprises paraffin wax, petrolatum, bitumen and bituminous material. A method for the improvement of agricultural and technical processes, characterized by using the finely dispersed solid dispersion of the powder produced according to claim 1. A method for the improvement of agricultural and technical processes, comprising using said powdered finely dispersed solid dispersion produced according to claim 1 together with excess calcium oxide and / or aluminum alcohol compound. A method for immobilization, fixation, insulation, encapsulation and detoxification of harmful substances, characterized by using the finely dispersed solid dispersion of the powder produced according to claim 1. A method for the immobilization, fixation and detoxification of harmful substances in the off-gas comprising the use of said powdered finely dispersed solid dispersion produced according to claim 1. A method for dehalogenation of halogenated organics, characterized by using the finely dispersed solid dispersion produced in accordance with claim 1.