JPS6363091A - Character array by correction frame - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a character arrangement method using a correction frame, and in particular to a character pattern for outputting a character string to a word processor, personal computer, typewriter, etc. using a cursive font. Concerning methods of arranging memory, etc.

[Conventional technology]

The printed characters and character patterns of conventional typewriters, word processors, etc. all have a fixed size, and the characters are determined so as to make maximum use of the character frame. In other words, as shown in Figure 2, "now", "country", "day"
, ``Quantity'' and other kanji characters are determined in size and position relative to the character frame, and are designed to be arranged beautifully if the distance between the centers of each character is constant. Furthermore, when the spacing between Kanji characters and the spacing between Kana and English letters are set to the same dimension, the overall arrangement of the characters feels strange.

This is because the size of the kanji and the shape of the kana are extremely different, and it can be seen that the beauty of the text is also impaired by such character spacing. To solve this,
It is necessary to use proportional spacing, so that the spaces between letters are not all the same, but vary depending on the complexity of each letter.

Generally, in the case of printed letters, the size ratio of kanji and kana is 1:
The ratio is about 0.8. Figure 3 is.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method of arranging characters in print, that is, an arrangement method in which the centers of characters are arranged at equal intervals. Even if the size of the typeface (character size) is different, the size of the character frame that accommodates the normal typeface is the same on the typeface and pattern memory, so the character arrangement will be as shown in Figure 3, and the spacing between the kanji characters will be the same. Although it is small and the spacing between kana is large, the letters are designed so that it does not become too much of a hindrance.

Recently, word processors and typewriters have appeared that use not only printed characters but also cursive fonts, but in the case of characters written in cursive fonts, the ratio of kanji to kana may be about 1:0.3. Not only that, the large and small characters in kanji and the large and small characters in kana each have a large ratio, and when comparing small kanji and large kana, the kana may be larger. The original shape of the character 0 is thought to be like this.

Furthermore, the letters written in cursive letters do not fit within a rectangular frame, but have a wide variety of shapes. In particular, there are many characters with extended ``harai'' on the left and right, and characters with asymmetrical vertical or horizontal shapes.

In this way, the letters are different in size and shape.

When arranging items so that they look straight and have natural spacing, a method called proportional spacing is used. Figure 4 is an arrangement diagram in which the dimensions between the centers of the letters are kept constant when letters of different sizes are arranged in type.This will result in the spaces between small letters becoming wider, so this needs to be corrected. . FIG. 5 is an arrangement diagram using general proportional spacing, with constant spacing between characters. As is clear from both figures, the arrangement in Figure 5 is more beautiful.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, even if this proportional spacing is used, it is not as simple as this in the case of actual sentences with different character shapes. For example, if the gap between the leading ends of the letters facing each other between the letters ``F meeting'' and the same gap between the letters ``surroundings'' are made to have the same dimensions, ``surroundings'' will appear to be tighter. Therefore, in order to create a beautiful arrangement, it is necessary to make the spacing between the "surrounding" characters slightly wider than the spacing between the "meeting" characters.

This is a serious problem because it is necessary to arrange characters of different shapes beautifully with each other.

The purpose of the present invention is to improve such problems by providing a correction frame that can create beautiful, well-balanced, and natural spacing when arranging characters of different sizes and shapes. The object of the present invention is to provide a character arrangement method by making the dimensions between frames constant.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the character arrangement method using a correction frame of the present invention adds correction values to the outside of the frame obtained with the actual character size when positioning various characters within one character frame of a character generator. If a correction frame is provided, and the upper left corner of the 1-character frame is used as the reference point, the distance from the 1-character frame to the left edge of the correction frame, the distance from the 1-character frame to the top of the correction frame, and the above A feature of this method is that information on character widths in the horizontal and vertical directions based on the correction frame is stored together with character patterns, and the character patterns are arranged using this information when outputting.

[For production]

In the normal proportional spacing method, the character spacing (dimension f5) is constant, so when characters of different shapes and sizes are arranged, one looks crowded and the other looks empty. This is due to an optical illusion, and in order to make it look well-balanced, in the present invention, the periphery of the characters is arranged wider than the specified character spacing (dimensions). For this purpose, a ghost (
By providing data with a frame (wide dimension) of Q host) and arranging characters using this data, a beautiful and well-balanced character arrangement is possible.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of how to provide a correction frame according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, as an example, the character ``carved'' is targeted. The elements that make up kanji include right side, flow, hane, sash, sanzui, hook, horizontal line, vertical line,
However, in the horizontal character arrangement, characters with a vertical line on the left or right end (for example, ``zhou'', ``shoku'')
etc.), the spacing between each character seems small, whereas in characters where elements such as ``right side'', ``nagare'', ``hae'', ``sash'', and ``sanzu'''' appear only partially at the end (for example, ``kai'')
, 1 go, etc.), the character spacing seems large. On the other hand, when characters are arranged in the vertical direction, characters with horizontal lines at the top or bottom (for example, ``1 page'', ``in'', etc.) feel like the character spacing is small;

Characters in which elements such as sashes, sashes, and splashes appear only partially at the top and bottom edges (e.g., ``large'', ``small'')
etc.), the character spacing seems large.

Therefore, in this embodiment, vertical lines,
In a vertical arrangement, a correction frame (ghost frame) is provided on the outside of each character with a horizontal line appearing at its end, making the distance between adjacent characters appear wider. For a character in which only a portion of the element appears at the end, an outer frame touching the character is provided as in the conventional method without providing a correction frame. In Figure 1, a vertical line (here, the vertical line is two-tiered, but for convenience it is considered as a vertical line) appears at the left end of the "carving", so the predetermined correction value d
A correction frame (ghost frame) is provided outside the area where , is added. In addition, only a part of the element of the curve appears at the right end, and it only touches the large frame at one point, so no correction frame is provided, and only the large frame is provided. In other words, the right correction value d1 is set to 0. Also, since a part of the element close to the horizontal line and a part of the spring appear at the upper end, a small correction value d2 is added above to create a correction frame (here, dz<
In addition, since the ends of the vertical line and the ends of the splashes appear in multiple places at the bottom end, there are more dots in contact with the actual rod than at the left end, and therefore the number of dots is slightly smaller than at the left end. A correction frame is provided by adding a large correction value d3 to (here, d3
>dt).

As described above, this embodiment is characterized in that printed characters or character patterns are set by providing a correction frame (ghost frame) that is different from the large frame of the characters. In FIG. 1, the large frame is shown by a solid line, and the correction frame (ghost frame) is shown by a broken line. Furthermore, to explain in more detail, the entire character frame for the character ``Hori'' in Figure 1 is 48 dots x 48 dots, and the large frame that touches the actual characters inside is 32 dots x 32 dots. be. The dot pattern in the first row on the left is 8 dots, and the pattern on the left is 2.
The dot pattern in the column is 13 dots, the first column on the right end is 1 dot, the second column is 3 dots, and the third column is 3 dots. Also, the first row at the top is 2 dots, the second row is 5 dots, and the third row is 8 dots, and the first row at the bottom is 3 dots, the second row is 3 dots, and the third row is 3 dots. be. The number of dots at each of these ends and the correction value day d at each end
It is almost proportional to l, d2+d3.

In this embodiment, when storing these character patterns on the dial of a typewriter or in the character pattern memory of a word processor, each character has 48
For an area of 48 dots, register the distance from the outermost frame to the correction frame and the horizontal and vertical width of the character, that is, the size of the character including the correction value, for each character as data. When the processor outputs the data to a printer or display, it reads out this data together with the pattern and arranges the characters according to the data.

In FIG. 1, the distance x from the leftmost character frame to the correction frame is stored in the pattern memory along with the character pattern.

Distance from the upper end character frame to the correction frame Hy 1y Character width including horizontal correction value X2 + Character width including vertical correction value y2
is stored as data. If you memorize this much, the distance from the right edge outer frame to the correction frame is (48-XI-X
2) The distance from the dot and bottom outer frame to the correction frame is (48
yl y2) Can be calculated using dots.

FIG. 6 is a principle diagram showing how to determine a correction value according to the present invention. When deciding on character frame data for beautifully arranging calligraphy typefaces, it would be impossible to consider only the outermost rows at the left, right, top, and bottom edges.
Moreover, it is impossible to arrange the empty space so that it looks beautiful. Therefore, when considering the spacing between characters on the right, as shown in Figure 6(a), the first column on the right side has the largest number of dots (for example, 33 dots), and the second column has the highest number of dots. In the case of a triangular character dot group with the right end as the base and the left side as the apex, the third column has the next highest number (for example, 29 dots).
As shown in Figure 6(b), the first column on the right side has only one dot, the second column has three dots, the third column has five dots, etc.
A comparison is made with the case of a triangular character dot group with the right end as the apex and the left end as the base so that the left end has the largest number of 33 dots.

By the way, prior to filing this application, the inventor of the present invention had developed a method for determining the spacing between letters that can be calculated using CAD so that the spacing between each letter appears beautifully lined up according to human senses, and the overall size is well-balanced. proposed a determination method (Patent Application 1986-1)
No. 55636 Akira An). According to the above method, when calculating the distance between multiple characters arranged horizontally or vertically and containing a mixture of kanji, kana, etc. using a CAD program, the capacitance between corresponding constituent elements of adjacent characters can be calculated using a CAD program. Or calculate the amount of approximation for all elements in the vertical or horizontal direction, find the sum of the calculated values, and calculate the capacitance between each character or the total value of the amount of approximation between all the arranged characters. The nff distance of each character is determined so that they are equal. Here, the capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance Q, so to implement the above method, measure the capacitance between corresponding elements of adjacent letters, and then measure the capacitance between the corresponding elements of adjacent letters so that the summed capacitance values are equal. It is necessary to determine the spacing between each character. To do this, find 1/Ω for each element, and calculate their total value Σ1/
Determine the distance between characters so that Q is equal. Furthermore, in reality, when calculated as 1/Q ~ 1 x 1, it has been judged by experts that it feels more beautiful.

In FIG. 6(a)(b), when the above method is applied,
Obviously, in (a) there are more dots that are closer to the adjacent characters, so the value of Σ1/Q is larger, and the spacing is reduced to (b).
It is necessary to provide a wider area than in the case of

In (b), there are fewer dots close to the adjacent characters, and the number of dots increases as the distance increases, so the value of Σ1/Q is smaller than in (a), and as a result, the spacing can be narrower than in (a). .

FIG. 6(C) is a characteristic curve diagram of capacitance versus distance from the end. Curve A is 1/Q', curve opening is 1/Q
2. Curve C shows 1/Ω3.

In this way, according to the accurate measurement method based on the above proposal, it is necessary to calculate the capacitance for all dots for each character. For convenience, this embodiment provides a method of determining the distance between characters by considering only the 1st to 4th columns from the end of the character.

In this example, since the dots in the first row from the end have the greatest influence on the capacitance, one dot is 1.0
Then, the dot in the second column is 1.1, that is, when there is 1.1 dot, it is considered as 1 dot, the dot in the third column is 1.2, and the dot in the fourth column is 2.0. do. Since these numerical values are determined experimentally, it goes without saying that they can be changed to arbitrary values according to intuition. A character correction frame (ghost frame) is determined as follows using the correction values for each column as described above. That is, in the first column, a
For a character consisting of a dot, a b dot in the second column, a c dot in the third column, and a d dot in the fourth column, (1/1.0)
a+ (1/1.1)b+(1,/1.2)c+
(1/2) = A, so by adding A to the large frame as a character correction value, the correction frame (ghost frame)
Determine. This correction value A is applied to the left and right A1. When only A2 is added, if the width within the actual character frame is x3, the character width X2 including the correction value is x2 = x3 + A1 + A2. In this embodiment, the data to be stored in the storage device are the horizontal character width x2, the distance Kl x 1 from the left outer frame to the correction frame, and the vertical character width y2 and the distance from the upper outer frame to the correction frame. is the distance y1.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a character arrangement algorithm showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the arrangement of each character pattern stored in a character pattern memory according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, the character generator 3 includes
Each character is stored in an arrangement as shown in FIG. In other words, each character has a different shape depending on the kanji, kana, alphabet, etc., and because it is a calligraphy typeface, so each character has a character pattern with different width and height dimensions, and correction values do+ on the left, right, top, and bottom. dlt d2* d3
A correction frame for characters including . For each character, the distance from the outer frame of the uniform dimension to the correction frame is Xl +
The character width X2 according to the horizontal correction frame+the distance yly from the upper edge outer frame to the correction frame and the character width y2 according to the vertical correction frame is stored as additional information.

The controller sets the character width of the first character to 8x2. Character width of second character bx2. Second. The number of characters to be displayed (output) in one line is determined when the character width cx2°... and the same character spacing are added together to reach the dimension for one line. That is, ax2+z+bx2+z+cx2+III
After calculating IT・ and determining the number of characters, display device i! by the method shown in FIG. Output to (output device). (a) shows the case where characters are arranged horizontally, but the data used also when arranging characters vertically is yl, 2 to X1+X2
The only difference is that it is changed to , and the rest is exactly the same (see (b)).

In FIG. 7(,), first the first character a is placed at a predetermined position on the left end and at a distance of yl from the top of one line, and then the second character a is placed at a distance of yl from the top of one line. Place the letter C at a distance of yl from the top edge, then place the third letter C at a distance of Yt from the top edge with a letter spacing Z apart, and in this way, place the letter C at a distance of Yt from the top edge for each letter. Arrange sequentially. When this is completed, the number of characters in the second line is calculated, and then character arrangement processing is started. In this way, by continuing from the third line onwards, the output of the character array for one page, that is, for one screen in the case of a display device, is completed.

In FIG. 7(a), the characters in the correction frame are arranged at equal intervals, but in reality, the correction value d added to the characters in the correction frame is
Since o-d3 is added to the character spacing, the spacing differs for each character. This makes it possible to arrange the cursive fonts beautifully.

In the case of vertical writing, as shown in Figure 7(b), place the first letter a a distance xl from the left edge, then place the first letter a at equal intervals 2
Place the second letter space xl apart, then place the third letter space equally spaced 2 apart and xl apart.
Arrange the letter C.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the character pitch and the layout of output characters can be determined quickly in a simple manner without calculating the capacitance between characters. You can create an array that looks beautiful. Therefore, by applying this method to a character typesetting device, an FFL arithmetic typesetting device, a word processor, a personal computer, a display device, a printer, etc., it is possible to realize beautiful printing using a calligraphy typeface.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method for creating a correction frame showing an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the size of kanji within the character frame, Figures 3, 4, and 5 are An explanatory diagram of proportional spacing, Figure 6 is a principle diagram of how to determine character frame data to arrange cursive fonts beautifully, Figure 7 is a diagram of a character arrangement method showing an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 is a book FIG. 2 is a storage layout diagram of a character pattern memory showing an embodiment of the invention. do-d3: Correction value, XI l yl: Distance from outer frame to correction frame, X2pV2: Character width by correction frame (horizontal,
vertical). Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 6 Figure 7 (a)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a character generator that stores dot patterns used when arranging characters using the proportional spacing method, when various characters are positioned within one character frame of the character generator. , a correction frame with correction values added outside the frame obtained with the actual character size (actual frame) is set up, and if the upper left corner of the one-character frame is used as the reference point, then the correction frame is The distance to the left edge and
Information about the distance from the single character frame to the top end of the correction frame and the character width in the horizontal and vertical directions by the correction frame is stored together with the character pattern, and the information is used to arrange the character pattern when outputting. A character arrangement method using a correction frame. 2. The above correction value is the distance determined by the cumulative value of sequentially giving different weights to the number of dots in each row or column from the outside to the set of dots shown in the rows and columns that make up the character pattern. 2. A character arrangement method using a correction frame according to claim 1, wherein: is added to the outside of the characters.