JPS6238667Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to hemodialysis equipment, and particularly to hemodialysis and Extra Corporeal Ultrafiltration.
This relates to hemodialysis equipment to which this method can be applied.

Conventionally, hemodialysis has been applied to remove toxic substances present in the blood of patients suffering from renal failure, liver failure, etc. However, depending on the patient, hemodialysis may not be able to sufficiently remove water from the blood. Such patients are first subjected to blood purification to remove a certain amount of water from the blood, and then subjected to hemodialysis. However, hemodialysis is a method of purifying blood by bringing dialysate and blood into contact through a dialysis membrane. This is a method of applying negative pressure to the membrane to remove water in the blood by permeating the membrane, and these are completely different treatment methods. For this reason, in conventional hemodialysis devices such as hollow fiber type or keel type hemodialyzers, which allow dialysate to flow through the hemodialyzer in a single pass, due to their mechanism, the dialysate side of the hemodialyzer is in the dark when the supply fluid is zero. It is impossible to secure the pressure, and it is difficult to sterilize the dialysate introduction channel that has come into contact with the fluid.
For this reason, conventionally, after blood was filtered using a blood filtering device, dialysis was performed by transferring the blood dialyzer to a hemodialysis device. However, the above treatment requires two different devices (a blood filtration device and a hemodialysis device), and is extremely difficult in practice because it requires a great deal of effort to transfer the blood from one hemodialyzer to another. It was a treatment method with many problems. Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a hemodialysis device that can perform blood filtration and hemodialysis with a single device without having to transfer hemodialyzers.

The inventors of the present invention have arrived at the present invention as a result of intensive studies to provide a hemodialysis apparatus that meets the above requirements. That is, the present invention connects a dialysate inlet flow path 3 and a dialysate outlet flow path 4 to the dialysate inlet and outlet of a hemodialyzer 2 provided in an extracorporeal blood circulation flow path 1, and Negative pressure pump 5
A hemodialysis apparatus that purifies blood by introducing dialysate into the hemodialyzer, the dialysate introduction channel 3;
Three-way switching valves 6 and 7 are installed downstream of the negative pressure pump in the dialysate outlet channel 4, and the two switching valves are connected by a bypass channel 8, and the bypass channel has an overflow channel 9. Along with providing a storage tank 10,
The two three-way switching valves form a flow path through which dialysate flows through the hemodialyzer in a single pass during hemodialysis, and a circulation flow path is formed between the bypass flow path and the hemodialyzer during blood flow; Moreover, the hemodialysis apparatus is characterized in that it is configured so that the liquid that overflows from the storage tank is measured by the liquid measuring means 11.

Next, one embodiment of the device of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the device of the present invention, which consists of a dialysate introduction channel 3, a dialysate outlet channel 4, and a dialysate outlet channel connected to the dialysate inlet and outlet of the hemodialyzer 2. A negative pressure pump 5 provided at The main part is a bypass flow path 8.

The extracorporeal blood circulation flow path 1 is a flow path that takes blood from a patient and returns purified blood to the patient, and blood is taken out by a blood pump 12.

Hemodialyzer 2 houses a hollow fiber or sheet-like dialysis membrane such as cyproammonium cellulose, polyacrylonitrile, or polyvinyl alcohol in a housing, and uses the membrane to separate the inside of the housing into a blood side and a dialysate side. This is called an HF-type artificial kidney or a Kiel-type artificial kidney.

The dialysate introduction flow path 3 is a flow path that connects the dialysate inlet of the hemodialyzer and the dialysate supply device (not shown), and a flow meter 13, a heater 14, etc. are attached to this flow path. . Further, a three-way switching valve 6 is installed upstream of the flow meter provided in the flow path.

The dialysate outlet flow path 4 is connected to a dialysate outlet of the hemodialyzer and is a flow path for discharging dialysis fluid. A negative pressure pump 5 is attached to this channel for introducing dialysate into the hemodialyzer. Further, a three-way switching valve 7 is attached downstream of the negative pressure pump, and the three-way switching valve 7 and the three-way switching valve 6 provided in the dialysate introduction channel are connected by a bypass channel 8. A storage tank 10 having an overflow channel 9 is provided in the bypass channel 8 . Further, the overflow channel is provided with a liquid measuring means 11 such as a measuring cylinder for measuring overflowing liquid. The dialysate inlet/outlet channel and the hemodialyzer are connected by a plastic tube made of soft PVC or the like. However, stainless steel pipes are used everywhere other than this connection.

Further, the three-way switching valves 6 and 7 may be either manual or automatic. Two two-way valves may be used instead of the three-way switching valve.

Next, the operation of the device of the present invention will be explained. First, during blood flow, the three-way switching valves 6 and 7 provided in the dialysate introduction channel 3 and the dialysate outlet channel 4 are operated to form a circulation channel between the bypass channel 8 and the hemodialyzer 2. After filling the storage tank 10 with a sterile liquid such as distilled water or dialysate until it overflows from the overflow channel, the negative pressure pump 5 is driven. The sterile liquid in the storage tank and circulation channel is circulated through the circulation channel by driving the negative pressure pump. At this time, negative pressure is applied to the dialysate side of the hemodialyzer, allowing water in the blood to pass through. Note that the negative pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the valve 15. When water is removed from the blood, an amount of liquid corresponding to the water (liquid) removed from the blood is discharged from the overflow channel of the storage tank. By measuring this discharged liquid with a liquid measuring means 11 such as a graduated cylinder, the amount of liquid removed from the blood can be determined. If the heater 14 is activated to warm the circulating liquid when the blood is flowing, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the blood from decreasing. Once a predetermined amount of water has been removed from the blood, the next step is dialysis.

In dialysis, the three-way switching valves 6 and 7 attached to the dialysate inlet flow path and outlet flow path are operated to form a flow path through which the dialysate flows in a single pass to the hemodialyzer, and a negative pressure pump is driven. Start dialysis.

When the dialysis is completed, the hemodialyzer is removed from the apparatus, and the contaminated flow path is disinfected for the next treatment. In this disinfection process, a tube connects the dialysate inlet flow path and the dialysate outlet flow path after the hemodialyzer is removed. Next, a disinfectant solution is passed through each flow path, and this method includes a method in which the disinfectant solution is introduced into each flow path from a dialysate introduction flow path. In the present invention, disinfectant solution is introduced into each channel from a storage tank. That is, after forming a circulation channel with the two three-way switching valves 6 and 7, the storage tank 10 is filled with disinfectant until it overflows from the disinfectant overflow channel 16 attached to the upper part of the overflow channel 9.
At this time, it is necessary to close the overflow channel 9 with a channel closing means 17 such as a shutoff valve. By driving the negative pressure pump 5 in this state, the circulation channel and storage tank contaminated during blood flow are reliably disinfected. After the disinfectant solution is circulated, the cleaning solution is similarly circulated to clean the flow path. Disinfection/
By cleaning, you can use the device with confidence for the next treatment.

As described above, the device of the present invention is extremely capable of appropriately selecting between hemofiltration and hemodialysis in one device by switching the three-way switching valves 6 and 7 provided in the dialysate inlet flow path and the dialysate outlet flow path. It is a practical device.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the device of the present invention. 1... Blood extracorporeal circulation channel, 2... Hemodialyzer,
3... Dialysate introduction channel, 4... Dialysate outlet channel,
5... Negative pressure pump, 6, 7... Three-way switching valve, 8...
...Bypass flow path, 9...Overflow flow path, 1
0...Storage tank, 11...Liquid measuring means.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] Hemodialyzer 2 installed in extracorporeal blood circulation channel 1
A dialysate introduction channel 3 and a dialysate outlet channel 4 are connected to the dialysate inlet and outlet of the dialysate, and a negative pressure pump 5 provided in the dialysate outlet channel introduces the dialysate into the hemodialyzer to collect blood. A hemodialysis apparatus for purification, in which three-way switching valves 6 and 7 are installed downstream of the negative pressure pump 5 in the dialysate introduction channel 3 and the dialysate outlet channel 4, and the two three-way switching The valves are connected by a bypass flow path 8, and a storage tank 10 having an overflow flow path 9 is provided in the bypass flow path, and the dialysate is passed through the hemodialyzer in a single pass during hemodialysis using the two three-way switching valves. A flow path is formed, a circulation flow path is formed between the bypass flow path and the hemodialyzer during blood flow, and the liquid overflowing from the storage tank is measured by the liquid measuring means 11. Hemodialysis equipment.