JPS6027365A - Production of water-soluble edible fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To produce a water-soluble edible fiber having excellent palatability and usable as an additive for drinks, by treating vegetable cellulose or refined vegetable cellulose with a cellulase, thereby decomposing cellulose while suppressing the decomposition of the hemicellulose fraction. CONSTITUTION:A water-soluble edible fiber composed of hemicellulose, cello- oligosaccharide and monosaccharide is obtained by treating vegetable cellulose (e.g. husk of maize) or refined vegetable cellulose (preferably refined with an alkali) thereby decomposing cellulose while suppressing the decomposition of hemicellulose fraction. The product is preferably subjected further to the crystallization, chromatographic fractionation, enzymatic treatment with yeast or glucose oxidase, etc. to form a water-soluble edible fiber composed solely of hemicellulose fraction and cello-oligosaccharide or only hemicellulose fraction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing water-soluble dietary fiber, and more specifically, the first invention of the present invention relates to a method for producing water-soluble dietary fiber. The present invention relates to a method for producing water-soluble dietary fiber characterized by decomposing cellulose while suppressing the decomposition of the hemicellulose segment in the plant fiber by applying enzymes.

Well, the second invention of the present invention is a method of fractionating only monosaccharides in a decomposition product solution consisting of hemicellulose fraction, cellooligosaccharides, and monosaccharides prepared by the above method by membrane fractionation, chromatography fractionation, etc. The present invention relates to a method for producing water-soluble dietary fiber consisting of a hemicellulose fraction and cellooligosaccharide, which is characterized in that it is removed by a known method such as or/and assimilation by yeast or glucose oxidase.

Furthermore, the third aspect of the present invention is to prepare a decomposition solution consisting of a hemicellulose fraction produced by v@, cellooligosaccharides, and monosaccharides, or a decomposition solution consisting of a hemicellulose fraction and monosaccharides, and then to prepare cellooligosaccharides from the decomposition solution. Sugars and monosaccharides are removed by any known method such as crystal precipitation, treatment with yeast or glucose oxidase, membrane fractionation or chromatography, and the hemicellulose fraction is recovered from the decomposition solution. The present invention relates to a method for producing water-soluble dietary fiber consisting of a hemicellulose segment, characterized by the following.

Fiber, which has traditionally not been considered nutritionally important, has recently been shown to have physiological activities such as preventing obesity and diabetes, preventing appendicitis and colon cancer, promoting the elimination of toxic substances in food, and suppressing increases in serum cholesterol. The importance of dietary fiber intake has been recognized.

Currently, dietary fibers include wood, vegetables, fruits,
Various products prepared from grains are commercially available for general food use, and the present inventors have previously developed dietary fibers prepared from grains, especially corn husks (corn fibers), by subjecting them to the following treatment. discovered that it has physiological activity (particularly the effect of suppressing the increase in serum cholesterol), and filed a patent application for this (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-21
No. 323).

However, even if the particle size of conventional water-insoluble dietary fiber is fine, it has a negative effect on the texture such as graininess during the day, so it cannot be added in large quantities to foods, and it is particularly difficult to add it to drinks. Ta.

On the other hand, water-soluble dietary fibers such as konjac mannan, pectin, and sodium alginate generally have a disadvantage that they cannot be added in large amounts to foods because of their low viscosity.

In addition, recently, it has become an established academic theory that dietary fiber, which is mainly composed of water-insoluble cellulose, is useful for improving constipation, but does not have the effect of suppressing the rise in serum cholesterol, which is attracting attention as a physiologically active substance. The present inventors have previously discovered that an extract containing hemicellulose as a main component extracted from corn husks and wheat bran with alkali has a remarkable effect on suppressing the increase in serum cholesterol in a very small amount (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. No. 58-10050 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-41824, the above-mentioned alkali extraction methods had problems such as high costs for purification and recovery methods.

Therefore, the present inventors conducted intensive research on making plant fibers as a whole water-soluble while leaving the hemicellulose segment contained in plant fibers and believed to contribute to physiological activity. In the decomposition product obtained by treating cellulose with fibrinolytic enzyme, hemicellulose molecules remain with almost no decomposition, along with cellooligosaccharide (B-1,4-glucan), which is a water-soluble cellulose decomposition product. This discovery led to the completion of the present invention.

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

The first aspect of the present invention is to add fibrinolytic enzyme (cellulase) to the vegetable fiber as it is or to the purified product.
By acting on the hemicellulose fraction wI in the plant fibers, cellulose is decomposed and water-bathable dietary fibers are produced.

The hemicellulose category used in the present invention refers to those containing a small amount of nitrogen compounds, inorganic substances, etc. in addition to hemicellulose.

As the plant fibers used in the present invention, the husks of corn, the bran of rice, wheat, barley, rye, and pigeon wheat, the husks of legumes such as soybeans and adzuki beans, etc. can be used as they are, or they can be purified. . Purification methods include chemical (acid or alkali treatment), physical (pulverization, etc.), enzymatic (amylase, grotease treatment, etc.) treatment as described in JP-A No. 57-21323, or any of these treatments. The treatments may be combined as appropriate. In the present invention, the fibrinolytic enzyme is made to act on the above-mentioned vegetable fibers, but depending on the type of fiber, pretreatment such as dilution, alkali, or radiation treatment may be performed before the action is applied. Desirably, in the present invention, alkaline treatment is preferred.

The fibrinolytic enzyme used in the present invention is T r 1
The enzyme produced by A. corderne vivide, As
Commercially available enzymes such as those produced by P. niger can be used. Conventionally, fibrinolytic enzyme (cellulase)
The main focus of this research was to use the decomposed products as feed for animals and raw materials for microbial protein fermentation. However, in the present invention,
An enzyme is required that has a strong solubilizing power, suppresses the production of glucose as much as possible, limits it to cellooligosaccharides greater than cellobiose, and has a high ability to extract the hemicellulose compartment without decomposing it. Furthermore, it is desirable to purify commercially available enzymes to select those that have the weakest ability to produce glucose or decompose hemicellulose. The action conditions, such as the amount of enzyme to be added to the substrate, the reaction time, and the pH during one reaction, are selected as appropriate, taking into consideration the types of commercially available enzymes and the requirements of the present invention, which are to suppress monosaccharide by-products and hemicellulose decomposition. It is something.

As mentioned above, the decomposition solution obtained by the action of cellulase on vegetable fibers consists mainly of indigestible hemicellulose and cellooligosaccharides, but the decomposition action of cellulase also contains a small amount of digestible monosaccharides (glucosaccharides). °The side effects of lucose, arabinose, xylose, etc.) are unavoidable. Although the presence of a small amount of monosaccharide is not a big problem, it is required to remove the monosaccharide depending on the purpose or application.

Therefore, the second invention of the present invention provides a method for fractionating and separating only the monosaccharides in the decomposition solution consisting of the hemicellulose fraction, cellooligosaccharides, and monosaccharides prepared above by membrane fractionation, chromatography fractionation, etc., and/or yeast. Alternatively, the present invention aims to produce a water-soluble plant fiber comprising a hemicellulose segment and cellooligosaccharide, which is characterized by removal by a known method such as assimilation with glucose oxidase.

Like kernels, the present invention makes it possible to industrially advantageously produce water-soluble and indigestible dietary fiber without using an alkaline extraction method.

As mentioned above, it is said that hemicellulose contained in dietary fiber contributes to physiological effects such as suppressing the increase in serum cholesterol. Therefore, the dietary fiber of the present invention consisting of hemicellulose segment and cellooligosaccharide has sufficient physiological activity. However, if only hemicellulose is extracted, it becomes possible to impart remarkable physiological activity to food and drink products with a small amount of addition.

Therefore, the third aspect of the present invention is to suppress the decomposition of hemicellulose in the plant fibers and convert cellulose into cellooligosaccharides or monosaccharides by allowing a fibrinolytic enzyme to act on the plant fibers as they are or on the purified plant fibers. After preparing a decomposition product consisting of a hemicellulose fraction and monosaccharides or/and cellooligosaccharides, cellooligosaccharides and/or monosaccharides are extracted from the decomposition solution by crystal precipitation method, #mother or glucose oxidase treatment method, membrane The hemicellulose fraction is recovered from the decomposition solution by removing it by any of the known methods such as fractionation, chromatographic fractionation, or an appropriate combination of these methods. The purpose is to produce water-soluble dietary fiber.

The following method can be considered as an embodiment of the method for recovering the hemicellulose fraction in the third invention.

(1) The primary nogosaccharides and monosaccharides are removed from the decomposed solution consisting of the hemicellulose fraction, cellooligosaccharides, and monosaccharides prepared according to the first invention by the above-described known method, and the hemicellulose fraction is recovered.

(2) The decomposition solution consisting of the hemicellulose fraction, cellooligosaccharides and monosaccharides prepared according to the first invention is further treated with a fibrinolytic enzyme to decompose the cellooligosaccharides into monosaccharides, and then subjected to the above-mentioned known method. Removes monosaccharides,
Collect the hemicellulose compartment.

(3) From the hemicellulose fraction prepared according to the second invention and the decomposed liquid consisting of hepta-oligo 1, the hemicellulose fraction is removed by the above-mentioned known method and the hemicellulose fraction is recovered.

(4) The cellooligosaccharides are decomposed into monosaccharides by further acting on the decomposition solution consisting of the hemicellulose fraction and cellooligosaccharides prepared according to the second invention, and then the cellooligosaccharides are decomposed into monosaccharides. Sugars are removed and the hemicellulose fraction is recovered.

(5) After decomposing cellulose to monosaccharides while suppressing the decomposition of the hemicellulose compartment as much as possible by allowing a fibrinolytic enzyme to act on the vegetable fiber, the monosaccharides are extracted from the decomposition liquid by the above-mentioned known method. remove and collect the hemicellulose compartment.

In the third invention, any of the above methods can be adopted, but the last method is preferable in consideration of economic efficiency. In this case, a cellulase with a strong ability to decompose cellulose into monosaccharides is used. In the first and second inventions, in order to leave cellooligosaccharides in addition to the hemicellulose fraction, there is a 2-proposal in which the decomposition of cellulose is limited to all cellooligosaccharides.
As a cellulase, it is required to select a soluble enzyme that has a strong ability to suppress the production of monosaccharides as much as possible and retain cello-oligosaccharides greater than cellobiose. Since the invention collects only the hemicellulose fraction, it is preferable to decompose cellulose other than the hemicellulose fraction into monosaccharides because the recovery operation becomes easier.

In the present invention, the thus obtained decomposition liquid mainly composed of hemicellulose fraction and cellooligosaccharide, decomposition liquid consisting essentially of hemicellulose fraction and cellooligosaccharide, or hemicellulose fraction extract is subjected to centrifugation, f-filtration, etc. Water-insoluble residue according to conventional method? p decolorization as necessary, except for ff.
The water-soluble dietary fiber of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting it to a purification treatment such as B-salting, which is further dried.

By crushing it, it can be made into powdered dietary fiber.

The food fiber obtained in step 8 above is composed of a water-soluble and indigestible hemicellulose segment and a cellooligosaccharide of 02 or more, and has the characteristics of having almost no sweetness and no grainy feeling during the day. Therefore, even if it is added in large amounts to various foods and drinks, there will be no problem, and it can be effectively used in beverages that have traditionally been difficult to use. Furthermore, the water-soluble dietary fiber of the present invention contains the hemicellulose segment, which is said to be enriched in physiological activities such as suppressing increases in serum cholesterol, without losing its physiological activity, so it can be used to prepare food and drinks. When manufactured, it can be made into a low-calorie food or drink that is endowed with physiological activity, which meets the recent trend toward health foods and can be used over a wide range of areas.

Next, the results of an animal test conducted to confirm the physiological activity imparting effect of the water-soluble dietary fiber obtained according to the present invention are shown below.

(2) Test to confirm the effect of physiological activity In order to examine the effect of suppressing the increase in serum cholesterol as an example of the effect of physiological activity, a test was conducted on rats using the feed containing the water-soluble dietary fiber of the present invention.

(1) Water-soluble dietary fiber The water-soluble dietary fibers A and C used in this test were prepared in Examples 1 to 3 described below, respectively.

(2) The composition (wt%) of the feed provided in the animal experiment is shown in Table 1. In addition, control group and test group Nocholestyrol IX in the table
+ cholic acid)! For feed containing 0.25% Jum, the amount of sugar added was adjusted.

Table 1 *Vitamin A palmitate 300 NU/l, vitamin 1) 30HJ/y.

DL-(1-t:' 7 Engineering OK 100wj/7 As experimental animals, Sprague-
Dawly male rats were pre-fed for 7 days on a standard diet, then divided into 3 groups of 8 rats each, and fed each diet shown in Table 1 for 8 days. (I made them drink water). On the day after the end of the experiment (-night fasting), the subjects were decapitated using a safety cutter, blood was collected, and serum cholesterol was measured. This measurement was carried out by an enzymatic method using Demitana-TC (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo@). The intake of cholesterol was calculated from the cholesterol content contained in the administered feed. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 As shown in Table 2 above, serum cholesterol in the control group 409
wV'10, and in the test area (product of the present invention), the area was 28.
8++v/10gai! IB ward is 284W/100rnl
! ,.

Ward 0 is 2811'9/100m/! It was found that both showed a remarkable effect of suppressing the increase in blood r# cholesterol. Furthermore, from the values of test groups A to C, it became clear that there was a correlation between the amount of hemicellulose and the physiologically active effect.

In addition, during the test period, the feces of rats in Test Groups A to C to which the product of the present invention was administered were all soft, so the effect on constipation was also fully recognized.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to examples.

Example 1 Pulverized product of corn husk (corn fiber) 100
f was immersed in 0.5N sei soda solution g1, shaken overnight at room temperature, filtered with C, the resulting residue was neutralized, washed with water, 1 t of water was added, and the pH was adjusted to 4.0. It was made into a suspension.

Next, this suspension was pretreated with a fibrinolytic enzyme (Meirase, manufactured by Meiji Seika) for 30 minutes at pH 2.5 and 40°C.
162 was added and the reaction was carried out at 45°C for 17 hours. After heating and inactivating the obtained Lareta reaction solution (hemicellulose 42.9%, cellooligosaccharide 46.4%, glucose 20.7%), f
The mixture was filtered, decolorized, and treated with an ultra-1 membrane (UHO 5°, manufactured by Toyo Kagaku Gyogyo) to obtain the water-soluble food and fiber fraction of the present invention consisting of 48% hemicellulose and 52% cellooligosaccharide.

The obtained water-soluble dietary fiber fraction was concentrated and dried using a spray dryer to obtain 12.6 r of a white powder product.

Since the above-mentioned product of the present invention is water-soluble, has low viscosity, and has no unpleasant taste, it is thought that it can be widely used as a body agent and a low-calorie material in various foods.

Example 2 20f of commercially available purified wheat bran (NDF 52%) was treated in a 1% NaoH solution at 50°C for 3 hours, and then adjusted to PI-43.0 with hydrochloric acid. Then, in advance 1)1
Meiselase 52 treated with 3()O at 40°C in an aqueous solution of -12.5 was added and reacted at 45°C for 24 hours.

After removing insoluble matter by lj filtration, the reaction before and after decomposition with sulfuric acid was analyzed by liquid column chromatography, and the composition after the reaction was calculated. Cellulose degradation w) 52%, hemicellulose 36% tear.

Example 3 Corn husk (corn fiber) 100r
The suspension was suspended in 100 ml of % caseinida solution, shaken at 40° C. for 3 hours, filtered, and the resulting residue was suspended in water again. Next, the PI-1 of the suspension was adjusted to 5.0, and a fibrinolytic enzyme (Cellulase Onozuka, manufactured by Kinki Yakult ■) was added.
209 was added and reacted at 45°C for 48 hours. The resulting reaction solution was decolorized by a conventional method, filtered through F5 to collect the water-soluble fraction, and then applied to a column (Toyopearl HW-40, manufactured by Toyo Soda ■) to fractionate the hemicellulose fraction. The obtained hemicellulose fraction was shrinked and freeze-dried to obtain a white powder product 42.
I got it.

The purity of the hemicellulose was tested according to the Southgato method and was found to be 92%.

Patent applicant: Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A water-soluble food characterized by decomposing cellulose while suppressing the decomposition of the hemicellulose segment in the plant fiber by allowing a fibrinolytic enzyme to act on the plant fiber as it is or on the purified product. Fiber manufacturing method. (2) By applying a fibrinolytic enzyme to the plant fiber as it is or to the purified product, cellulose is decomposed into cellooligosaccharides while suppressing the decomposition of the hemicellulose segment in the plant fiber, and the hemicellulose segment and cellooligosaccharide are After preparing a decomposition product consisting of sugars and monosaccharides, the monosaccharides in the decomposition solution may be fractionated by membrane fractionation, chromatography, etc., or/and treated with yeast or glucose oxidase, or other known methods. A method for producing water-soluble dietary fiber comprising a hemicellulose segment and cellooligosaccharides, the method comprising removing the hemicellulose segment and cellooligosaccharide. (3) By applying a fibrinolytic enzyme to the plant fiber as it is or to the purified product, cellulose is decomposed into cellooligosaccharides or monosaccharides while suppressing the decomposition of the hemicellulose segment in the plant fiber, and hemicellulose is After preparing a decomposition product consisting of fractions and monosaccharides and/or cellooligosaccharides, cellooligosaccharides and monosaccharides are extracted from the decomposition solution by a crystal precipitation method, a treatment method with yeast or glucose oxidase, a membrane fractionation/chromatography fractionation method, etc. A method for producing water-soluble dietary fiber consisting of a hemicellulose fraction, which comprises removing the hemicellulose fraction by any of the known methods or an appropriate combination of these methods, and recovering the hemicellulose fraction from the decomposition liquid.