JPH1157731A - Water treatment and water treatment plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable always performing proper control by adding solution containing bacteriophage which is singularly adsorbed by bacteria to be detected and in which nucleic acid is marked with a pigment or the like and detecting the marked bacteria by an optical detecting means to control the added quantity or the like of a disinfectant and a flocculant to untreated water taken in. SOLUTION: Downstream of a line in which water to be checked flows, a reactor 22 for mixing liquid to which marking phage solution is added in the water to be checked and an optical detector 23 for detecting bacteria are connected successively. And on the upstream side of the reactor 22 on the line 21, a pump 25 for supplying culture concentrated liquid 24 and a pump 27 for supplying phage solution 25 in which nucleic acid is marked with a pigment or fluorescent material are connected. And after the culture concentrated liquid 24 and the marked phage solution 26 are added to the line 21 to mix them, the reactor 22 reacts the phage and specified bacteria to inject the phage nucleic acid into bacterial cells. Then, the number of the specified bacteria is obtained by the optical detector 23 to control the operation of a pre-chlorination pump and an intake pump.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water purification process for obtaining drinking water, and more particularly to a water purification method and a water purification system using rivers, lakes, dams, or groundwater as raw water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tap water is directly taken into the human body, and a standard for "no detection of coliform bacteria" is set. Therefore, if sewage or the like containing a large amount of Escherichia coli or bacteria represented by the coliform group is mixed in the raw water at the water treatment plant, take measures such as stopping the intake and increasing the injection rate of disinfectants such as chlorine. There is a need to do.

[0003] However, in order to check whether or not raw water is contaminated with Escherichia coli or coliforms, it must be generally performed by a culture method. That is, it is necessary to collect raw water, inoculate it into a medium in which Escherichia coli or Escherichia coli selectively grows, and perform culture. Usually, cultivation must be carried out for 24 hours or more, and it takes one day just to estimate the presence or absence of contamination of Escherichia coli and coliforms, and it is determined whether or not the contamination is Escherichia coli or coliforms. It takes two days. Therefore, it was practically impossible to inspect the presence or absence of Escherichia coli in the raw water by a culture method, and control the injection rate of a disinfectant such as chlorine based on the result to perform the water purification treatment.

As a method for estimating whether or not raw water has been contaminated with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, there is a method for estimating whether or not contaminated with organic matter by measuring the consumption of potassium permanganate or chlorine. However, increasing the consumption of potassium permanganate and chlorine is not necessarily linked to the increase of bacteria, because the consumption of potassium permanganate and chlorine is increased merely by increasing the amount of metals and harmless organic substances.

[0005] Under such circumstances, in order to prevent contamination of bacteria such as coliform bacteria and coliform bacteria in clean water, a large amount of chlorine is added so that the residual chlorine concentration becomes a certain level or more. However, excessive addition of chlorine is not preferable because it causes formation of harmful trihalomethane.

[0006]

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent bacteria from remaining in purified water when the raw water flowing into the water treatment plant is contaminated with bacteria such as Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria. It is an object of the present invention to provide a water purification method and a water purification facility.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of repeated studies, the present inventors have found that bacteria such as Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria can be detected in real time by using a labeled bacteriophage. It was completed.

That is, the present invention relates to a water purification method comprising a sterilization step of sterilizing raw water and / or a coagulation precipitation step of removing impurities as flocs by sedimentation. A solution containing a bacteriophage labeled with a dye or a fluorescent substance is added to the raw water, and bacteria labeled with the dye-labeled nucleic acid or the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid are detected by optical detection means, and water is taken according to the amount of the detected bacteria. A water purification treatment method characterized by controlling at least one of an addition amount of a bactericide, an addition amount of a flocculant, and an operation of an intake pump to raw water to sterilize and remove bacteria in the raw water; In a water purification plant to which a bactericide and / or a flocculant is added, a bag that is specifically adsorbed to the bacteria to be detected in the raw water for intake and the nucleic acid is labeled with a dye or a fluorescent substance. A bacterium detection device provided with an addition device for adding a solution containing lyophage, and an optical detection device for detecting a bacterium into which the dye-labeled nucleic acid or the fluorescence-labeled nucleic acid has been injected; Logic operation means for determining the amount of bactericide added to kill bacteria, the amount of coagulant added, and the intermittent water withdrawal in accordance with the signal corresponding to the amount of bacteria, and the amount of bactericide added and coagulated based on the result of the logic operation means The present invention relates to a water purification treatment facility comprising a control device comprising means for controlling at least one of an addition amount of an agent and a water intake pump.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, "fluorescent substance, etc."
In this case, the case where both a dye and a fluorescent substance are included is generally referred to, and the case where “fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid or the like” is generally referred to as including both the dye-labeled nucleic acid and the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid.

In the present invention, the bacteriophage is D
A DNA phage having a gene consisting of NA (single-stranded or double-stranded) is generally used, but an RNA phage having a gene consisting of RNA is not excluded, and the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid may be either DNA or RNA. . DNA phage having a nucleic acid labeled with such a fluorescent substance or the like, RN
A phage is a phage nucleic acid (hereinafter “phage DNA”).
) In a culture medium to which a fluorescent substance or the like (a dye or a fluorescent substance) having an affinity for the bacteriophage has been added. As the fluorescent substance, any substance can be used without particular limitation as long as it can bind to phage DNA and can be injected from phage into bacteria to stain the bacteria. Examples of the dye include ethidium bromide, Examples include propidium iodide. Examples of the fluorescent substance include 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole hydrochloride (DAPI). Among the fluorescent substances, those having an absorption band on the long wavelength side can also be used as a dye. If phage labeled with such a dye are used, the microscope, spectroscopy and spectroscopy can be performed without using a fluorescence detector such as a fluorescence microscope. Detection with a photometer or the like is possible.

In the method of labeling a phage nucleic acid with a fluorescent substance or the like, a fluorescent substance or the like having an affinity for a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) is used by utilizing the affinity of a fluorescent substance or a dye regardless of whether a fluorescent substance or a dye is used. It may be physically inserted into the gap of the three-dimensional structure, or a nucleotide labeled with a fluorescent substance or the like may be incorporated at the time of phage nucleic acid synthesis and labeled by chemical bonding.

[0012] The phage concentration of the phage solution used for the detection may be a concentration of a phage capable of contacting at least one bacteriophage within a predetermined time with the bacteria contained in the sample solution. Although it cannot be determined uniformly because it varies depending on the level of the number of bacteria contained in the sample solution to be detected and the detection time, it can be easily determined experimentally. For example, in order to detect E. coli contained in drinking water, 1 ml of a sample solution (test water) is used.
In many cases, the concentration may be about 10 ³ to 10 ⁸ or more. In addition, if the phage concentration of the phage solution is increased, the possibility that a plurality of phages will come into contact with the bacterium increases, so that the staining concentration of one bacterium to be detected by the dye is increased, and the fluorescence intensity of one bacterium can be increased to detect the bacterium. Is more preferable because it is possible to achieve higher precision.

[0013] In general, the process of bacteriophage infection (lytic infection) involves adsorption binding to host bacteria and phage DNA.
Into a host cell and replication of phage particles using the injected phage DNA as a template.

The feature of the labeled bacteriophage in the present invention is that in many cases, the process of injecting phage DNA into host bacterial cells by phage adsorbed on bacteria depends on the energy state of the host cells. That is, injection of phage DNA (nucleic acid) does not occur in a host that has lost biological activity, but only in living cells (live bacteria). In other words, in the case of live bacteria, phage DNA is injected, which enables optical detection.
This is because optical information to be detected can be clearly distinguished from killed bacteria or fragments to which phage DNA is not injected even after adsorption. The action of the present invention to distinguish between live bacteria and dead bacteria by utilizing the activity of phage and the phenomenon of optically distinguishing the presence or absence of injection,
This method cannot be expected by conventional methods using radioisotopes, enzymes, and the like, and is extremely advantageous in terms of simplification of processing operations and improvement of detection accuracy.

In addition, since phage DNA is not injected into bacteria even if nonspecifically adsorbed phages are present, the bacterium detection device of the present invention, which detects only bacteria into which phage DNA has been injected, is highly accurate. It is excellent in that it can perform accurate detection.

For these reasons, according to the present invention, a bacteriophage in which a nucleic acid is labeled with a fluorescent dye is used.
Specific bacteria contained in the raw water, and only live bacteria, are detected by staining or fluorescent staining using bacteriophage that specifically adsorbs them, and the sterilization and removal of bacteria in the water purification plant is controlled in real time. It becomes possible.

Adsorption of bacteriophage having fluorescently labeled nucleic acid and the like. Bacteria stained with a dye or fluorescence by nucleic acid injection can be detected by optical means. The optical means is not particularly limited as long as it can detect the dye and the fluorescence. For example, when the dye is labeled, an ordinary microscope or a spectrophotometer can be used. When the substance is labeled, a fluorescence microscope, a fluorometer, a fluorescence detector and the like can be used.

A method of detecting a stained point or a fluorescent point by image analysis of a detected image, a method of detecting a difference in fluorescence intensity using a fluorometer, and a method of detecting a stained particle or a fluorescent particle in a fluid using a flow cell. A method of detecting the number can be used.

Examples of the combinations of the main bacteria and phages to be repelled are: Escherichia coli and T-type phages, λ phages, etc .; Salmonella and P-type phages; Pseudomonas and P-type phages; Klebsiala and Stanford University 60,92.
Phages, Clostridium and 70, 71, 72 phages, Shigella and φ80, Stanford University 3
7, D20, Corynebacterium and C-type phage, Micrococcus and N-type phage, ML53-40 phage, etc. In this case, an enrichment step is often required in order to detect a trace amount of bacteria.

The conditions for infecting the phage with the bacterium are aerobic conditions, and depending on the type of the bacterium, 0 to 1 for thermophilic bacteria.
The temperature is set to 20 ° C. and 50 ° C. or lower which is not inactivated by general bacteria and phages. Within these ranges, the higher the temperature, the faster the infection rate. It is also preferable to increase the contact efficiency between the bacteria and the phage by stirring the sample solution.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a bacterium in a raw water for intake is detected by using a labeled bacteriophage, and the amount of a bactericide, the amount of a coagulant, and The feedforward control is performed for at least one of the operations of the pump.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the raw water to be detected as a bacterium is a raw water such as a river, a lake, a dam, or groundwater, which is before a point at which a disinfectant is introduced. .

The germicide to be used is not particularly limited as long as it can sterilize and remove bacteria, and sodium hypochlorite,
Examples thereof include chlorine compounds such as chlorine dioxide and chloramine, ozone, and ultraviolet rays. When the disinfectant is added at a plurality of locations, the amount of addition may be controlled at any location. In addition, in the water purification treatment including the coagulation sedimentation treatment step, the amount of a coagulant is controlled, and the amount of a bactericide that may generate trihalomethane can be reduced by sedimentation and separation of the bacteria. Can be removed. The coagulant is not particularly limited as long as it is used for water purification treatment, and examples thereof include aluminum-based coagulants such as PAC (polyaluminum chloride) and sulfuric acid band, and iron-based coagulants such as iron sulfide and iron chloride.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the bacteria in the raw water for intake are detected, and the amount of the bactericide or the coagulant added is feedforward controlled based on the detection result.
Bacteria can be prevented from entering the water purification process.

When the amount of bacteria is large and the amount of a bactericide or a flocculant is too large, the intake of raw water may be stopped.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, in a method for purifying water by sterilizing and removing bacteria in raw water, for example, as shown in Table 1, addition of chlorine compounds according to the number of bacteria in raw water. The amount and the intake pump can be controlled. The amount of the coagulant to be added may be controlled separately according to the number of bacteria.

[0027]

[Table 1]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the raw water from which bacteria have been removed may be subjected to a water purification treatment by an ordinary water purification method. The water purification treatment method is not limited.For example, if a flocculant is formed by adding a flocculant to form flocs of impurities, and filtering the supernatant obtained by precipitating the flocs to produce purified water, Good.

The invention according to claim 6 relates to a water purification treatment facility provided with a bacterium detection device using a labeled bacteriophage.

An embodiment of the bacterium detection apparatus used in the water purification equipment of claim 6 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
In the figure, reference numeral 21 denotes a line through which a part of the raw water from which the bacteria are to be detected (hereinafter, referred to as "test water"), and downstream of this line, a liquid obtained by adding a labeled phage solution to the test water is mixed. A coil-shaped reactor 22 and an optical detection device 23 for detecting bacteria are sequentially connected. A pump 25 for supplying a culture concentrate (nutrient solution) 24 containing amino acids, saccharides, inorganic salts, and the like, and a nucleic acid to a fluorescent substance or the like (a dye or a fluorescent substance) are provided upstream of the reactor 22 in the line 21. Pumps 27 for supplying a solution (hereinafter, referred to as “phage solution”) 26 containing a bacteriophage labeled with a substance) are connected to each other.

The operation of detecting bacteria using this apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. First, the culture concentrate 24 and the culture concentrate 24 are placed in a line 21 through which test water from which bacteria are to be detected flows.
The labeled phage solution 26 is continuously added by pumps 25 and 27, respectively.

The test water to which each of the above liquids has been added is mixed with the two kinds of additional liquids while flowing through the line 21 and enters the coiled reactor 22 maintained at 37 ° C., which is the optimum environment for the microbial reaction. When a specific bacterium is present in the test water, the phage reacts with the specific bacterium, and a dye-labeled or fluorescent-labeled phage nucleic acid (for example, phage DN)
A) is injected into bacterial cells.

Next, the bacteria that have exited the reactor 22 flow into an optical detection device 23 provided downstream thereof, such as a microscope for detecting a dye, a spectrophotometer, or a fluorescence detection device for detecting fluorescence. The detection of a specific bacterium stained with a fluorescent substance or the like is performed by the nucleic acid injection. The type of the optical detection device 23 may be a type that detects stained particles in a stationary sample solution such as a microscope or a fluorescence microscope, or a type that detects stained particles flowing in a flow cell. Good.

In FIG. 2, a washing line is provided in each of a raw water line, a culture solution concentration line, a labeled phage solution line, and an optical detection device to remove dirt such as hot water or an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, or an alkaline solution. A drug having an effect of adding to the system may be added to the system to remove stains that interfere with the measurement.

Further, a waste liquid treatment mechanism such as an adsorption means such as an activated carbon filling tank, a chemical addition means such as an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent, and a heating means may be provided at the waste liquid outlet after the measurement.

The result detected by the optical detecting means is converted into a digital signal by a digital signal converting device.

When the optical detection device is a microscope or a fluorescence microscope, the image is digitized by a CCD element or the like, and the
The image processing may be performed in U, and the number of bacteria may be calculated and output from the digitized image signal. The output signal is transmitted to a control device described later.

When the optical detection device is a spectrophotometer or the like, the output value of the spectrophotometer or the like may be digitized by an A / D converter, processed by the MPU, and the number of bacteria may be calculated and output.

An embodiment of the control device will be described with reference to FIG. The digital signal indicating the number of bacteria sent from the bacteria detection device is input to a calculator in the control device 18 (see FIG. 1). Next, the calculation result is compared with the preset number of bacteria and the set value of the feedforward control, and the corresponding chlorine concentration or the operation of the intake pump /
The digital signal for controlling the stop is converted to analog,
Control the pre-chlorine pump 9 (see FIG. 1) or stop the water intake pump.

According to the invention of claim 2 of the present application, a bacteriophage in which a nucleic acid is labeled with a dye or a fluorescent substance is brought into contact with a host bacterium in a sample solution, and the bacterium into which the dye-labeled nucleic acid or the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid is injected is subjected to flow cell measurement. The invention according to claim 7, wherein the phage solution containing a bacteriophage in which a nucleic acid is labeled with a dye or a fluorescent substance is passed through the flow cell. Phage solution addition means to be added to the sample solution in the previous stage, optical detection means for detecting the bacteria in which the dye-labeled nucleic acid or fluorescence-labeled nucleic acid has been injected with a flow cell,
The present invention is characterized in that a germ detecting device provided with a signaling means for converting the optical detection result into a digital signal is provided.

According to these inventions, the number of fluorescent particles, ie, the number of bacteria, in the flowing solution passing through the flow cell can be detected, and online real-time detection can be continuously performed.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in each of the above-described method inventions, the fluorescence intensity or the size of the fluorescent light source of the bacteria into which the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid has been injected is measured, and the measured value is compared with a predetermined threshold value. A light source exceeding the threshold is detected as bacteria by comparison. Further, the invention according to claim 4, the fluorescence intensity measured by using the optical detection means or the size of the fluorescent light source, after performing the image processing excluding the light source less than a predetermined fluorescence intensity threshold or light source size threshold, The method is characterized in that the presence or absence or the number of bacteria is detected from the processed image. Further, according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, in each of the above-described device inventions, the optical detection means is an imaging means, and a fluorescence intensity threshold or less or a fluorescence light source size threshold or less is determined from a captured image obtained by the imaging means. An image processing unit excluding a light source is provided.

According to these inventions, for example, the size of the light source when the fluorescent substance is injected into the bacterium is significantly different from the size of the light source when the fluorescent substance is present in the phage. Since they can be distinguished, the presence or absence and the number of bacteria can be counted based on a predetermined threshold as a value that is smaller than the former and larger than the latter as an index indicating the size such as area or length. In addition, if image processing is performed on a captured image except for a light source having a size equal to or smaller than the threshold, an image of only bacteria that emit fluorescence can be obtained, and highly accurate detection can be performed. It is also effective for planning. Note that the image processing “excluding” the light source having the size equal to or smaller than the threshold value refers to, for example, assuming that the light source having the size equal to or smaller than the threshold value is the same as the background. The comparison with this threshold value is not limited to the size of the light source, and can be similarly performed using the fluorescence intensity of the light source.

In the present invention, the method of measuring the number of bacteria in a sample solution using a labeled bacteriophage to control the amount of a bactericide added is not limited to water purification, but also includes hydroponic cultivation, cultivation of fish and shellfish, and the like. The present invention can be applied to fields in which bacteria are not allowed to grow, such as management of cooling towers.

That is, the number of bacteria to be monitored in the environment such as a hydroponics tank, aquaculture tank, cooling tower and the like is measured in real time by a bacteria sterilizing apparatus as shown in FIG. Can be added. The device shown in FIG.
The sample liquid to be measured is supplied from the environment 50 to be monitored to a reactor 5 by a sampling pump 52 via a sampling line 51.
It is sent to 7. Before the reactor 57, a nutrient solution is injected from the nutrient solution tank 54 by the nutrient solution supply pump 53, and then a labeled phage is injected from the labeled phage solution tank 56 by the labeled phage supply pump 55, mixed by the reactor 57, and mixed with bacteria in the sample solution. Is labeled. The labeled bacteria are detected by the optical detection means 58, and based on the relation between the number of bacteria and the amount of the bactericide added to the logical operation means of the control means 59, the bactericide is determined in accordance with the measured number of bacteria. The disinfectant supply pump 61 is controlled so as to control the addition amount of the disinfectant, and the disinfectant is added from the disinfectant tank 60 to the environment 50 to be monitored via the disinfectant supply line 62.

By using the apparatus as shown in FIG. 5, an optimum amount of a bactericide can be added in hydroponics, cultivation of fish and shellfish, and management of a cooling tower. Evil can be prevented.

[0047]

【Example】

Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 shows an example of a water purification treatment facility of the present invention when river water is used as raw water. The raw water 4 taken from the river 1 at the water intake point 17 by the water intake pump 3 passes through the raw water transmission pipe 5 and is sent to the landing well 6. Raw water sent from the landing well 6 is disinfectant sodium hypochlorite 8 in the chemical mixing pond 7
Is injected by the pre-chlorine injection pump 9, and the coagulant 10 is injected by the coagulant injection pump 11. The water to be treated mixed with these chemicals forms flocs of impurities in the floc forming pond 12, the flocs settle in the sedimentation pond 13, and the supernatant water passes through the rapid sand filtration pond 14 and returns to sodium hypochlorite 8 on the way. Is injected by the post chlorine injection pump 15,
It is stored in the reservoir 16.

[0048] Raw water (test water) is supplied to the general water purification equipment 2 from a raw water intake point 17 to a bacteria detection device 18 using labeled phages, and bacteria are measured at arbitrary time intervals. , The measurement result is an electrical signal,
It is transmitted to the control panel 19. In the control panel 19, the result of the measurement of the bacteria is used as an input signal, and a logical operation is performed by a logical operation means according to a previously input program, and any one of the operations of the pre-chlorine injection pump 9, the coagulant injection pump 11, and the water intake pump 3 is performed.
By controlling at least one of them, the bacteria in the raw water are sterilized and removed. If the amount of bacteria is too large to be sterilized by the germicide or if the amount of the coagulant added is too large, the intake pump 3 is stopped.

Specifically, the output of the pre-chlorine pump 9 is adjusted according to the number of bacteria to be monitored measured by the bacteria measuring device 18 using labeled phage at the raw water intake point 17 so that E. coli can be maintained at a constant level. When the number of bacteria becomes less than a certain number, the intake pump 3 is stopped so as not to purify the raw water contaminated with bacteria.
Resumes operation. Since the sterilization and removal of bacteria can be feed-forward controlled, raw water that may cause insufficient treatment of bacteria in the process of the water purification treatment equipment 2 does not flow in, so highly safe purified water, that is, tap water. Can be supplied.

Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the bacteria measuring device 18 is installed at the water point 17 to control the water intake pump 3, but the bacteria measuring device 18 is installed in the water purification facility 2 and Alternatively, a part of the raw water may be collected from the raw water supply pipe 5 as test water to measure bacteria, and the output of the pre-chlorine injection pump 9 may be adjusted, or the operation of the water intake pump 3 may be controlled to start and stop. In this case, even if the intake pump 3 is stopped,
Since raw water contaminated with bacteria has already flowed into the well, it is necessary to provide a return pipe for raw water and a switching valve with a line for water purification treatment at the landing well 6 to return raw water contaminated with bacteria to the river. Become. Example 2 The number of Escherichia coli in raw water was measured by the water purification equipment shown in FIG. 1 and sterilized by chlorine.

The operating conditions of the water purification equipment were as follows.

Operating conditions Raw water: river water Treatment amount: 700 m ³ / day Disinfectant: NaClO Flocculant: PAC (polyaluminum chloride) The labeled bacteriophage used in the bacteria detection device is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 9-88781. A fluorescently labeled bacteriophage that specifically adsorbs to Escherichia coli prepared by the method described in the specification was used.

The bacteria detection apparatus used a flow cell, the reactor temperature was set at 37 ° C., the flow cytometry (manufactured by Biorat, “BRYTE HS”) was used as the detection apparatus, and the chlorine injection pump and the water intake pump were controlled. The chlorine injection amount was determined according to Table 1 above.

FIG. 4 shows the change over time in the number of E. coli contained in the raw water. As shown in FIG.
Since it is 0 / ml or less, the pre-chlorine concentration is 3 mg / l,
Since the E. coli count is in the range of 101 to 200 cells / ml,
The water intake pump was stopped until the number of Escherichia coli became 500 or less because the number of Escherichia coli was 501 or more. Escherichia coli contained in the raw water was sterilized and removed by feedforward control, so that Escherichia coli did not enter the water purification process, and Escherichia coli was not detected in the treated purified water during the operation period.

[0055]

According to the water treatment method and the water treatment equipment of the present invention, even if the raw water is contaminated with bacteria such as Escherichia coli, the bacteria can be detected in real time, and the bacteria can be rapidly sterilized and removed. Even if the raw water is contaminated with bacteria, the water purification process can be automatically controlled.
Further, since the optimum amount of the bactericide to be added can be determined by detecting the bacteria in the raw water, it is not necessary to add an excessive amount of the chlorinating agent, so that the generation of harmful substances such as trihalomethane can be suppressed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a configuration outline of a water purification treatment facility of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a schematic configuration of a bacteria detection device used in the water purification equipment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a configuration outline of a control device used in the water supply facility of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of Escherichia coli in the raw water for intake and the elapsed time in Example 2.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a bactericidal apparatus in which a labeled bacteriophage measurement system is applied to equipment other than the water purification treatment equipment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 River 2 Water treatment equipment 3 Intake pump 4 Raw water 5 Raw water transmission pipe 6 Landing well 7 Chemical mixing pond 8 Sodium hypochlorite storage tank 9 Pre-chlorine injection pump 10 Coagulant storage tank 11 Coagulant injection pump 12 Floc formation pond 13 Sedimentation basin 14 rapid sand filtration basin 15 post chlorine injection pump 16 water distribution reservoir 17 water intake point 18 bacteria detection device 19 control device 21 raw water line 22 reactor 23 optical detection device 24 culture concentrate 25 labeled phage solution 26, 27 pump 51 sample solution Sampling line 52 Sample liquid sampling pump 53 Nutrient liquid supply pump 54 Nutrient liquid tank 55 Labeled bacteriophage supply pump 56 Labeled bacteriophage tank 57 Reactor 58 Optical detection means 59 Control means 60 Disinfectant tank 61 Disinfectant supply pump 62 Disinfectant supply line

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI C02F 1/50 550 C02F 1/50 550L 560 560Z B01D 21/01 B01D 21/01 B 102 102 21/30 21/30 A C02F 1/52 C02F 1/52 Z C12M 1/34 C12M 1/34 A C12Q 1/68 C12Q 1/68 Z G01N 15/00 G01N 15/00 C 33/58 33/58 A (72) Inventor Fuedo Kakuda Toda, Saitama 1-4-9 Ichikawagishi Organo Research Institute

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A water purification method comprising a sterilization step of sterilizing raw water and / or a coagulation precipitation step of removing impurities as flocs by precipitation, wherein the nucleic acid is specifically adsorbed to the bacteria to be detected and the nucleic acid is a dye or a fluorescent substance. The solution containing the bacteriophage labeled in step is added to the raw water, the bacteria labeled with the dye-labeled nucleic acid or the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid are detected by optical detection means, and sterilization in the raw water is performed according to the amount of the detected bacteria. A water purification treatment method comprising controlling at least one of an addition amount of an agent, an addition amount of a flocculant, and operation of a water intake pump to sterilize and remove bacteria in raw water. 2. A method in which a bacteriophage in which a nucleic acid is labeled with a dye or a fluorescent substance is brought into contact with bacteria in raw water, and the bacteria into which the dye-labeled nucleic acid or the fluorescent labeled nucleic acid has been injected are detected by a flow cytometry. The water purification method according to claim 1. 3. The threshold according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescence intensity or the size of the fluorescent light source of the bacteria into which the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid has been injected is measured, and the measured value is compared with a predetermined threshold. Detecting a light source exceeding the limit as bacteria. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescence intensity or the size of the fluorescent light source measured using the optical detection means is equal to or less than a predetermined fluorescence intensity threshold value or a light source size threshold value. A water purification method comprising: performing image processing excluding a light source; and detecting presence or absence of bacterial bacteria or the number of bacteria from the processed image. 5. The water purification treatment according to claim 1, wherein a nutrient source necessary for adsorption-nucleic acid injection in the initial stage of lytic infection of the bacteriophage with the bacterium is supplied to the bacterium. Method. 6. A water purification treatment system for adding a bactericide and / or a flocculant to raw water, comprising bacteriophage which is specifically adsorbed to the bacteria to be detected in the raw water for intake and whose nucleic acid is labeled with a dye or a fluorescent substance. A bacteria detection device including an addition unit for adding a solution, and an optical detection unit for detecting bacteria into which the dye-labeled nucleic acid or the fluorescence-labeled nucleic acid has been injected, and the amount of the detected bacteria sent from the bacteria detection device Logic operation means for determining the amount of disinfectant added to disinfect bacteria, the amount of coagulant added, and the intermittent water withdrawal according to the signal corresponding to the signal, A water purification treatment facility comprising a control device comprising means for controlling at least one of an amount and a water intake pump. 7. The bacterium detection device according to claim 6, wherein a phage containing a bacteriophage in which the nucleic acid is labeled with a dye or a fluorescent substance is passed through the flow cell for continuously passing the raw water from the intake water through the flow cell. A phage solution adding means for adding a solution to raw water at the upstream of the flow cell, and an optical detection means for detecting in the flow cell a bacterium into which the dye-labeled nucleic acid or the fluorescent-labeled nucleic acid has been injected. Characterized water treatment facilities. 8. The bacteria detection device for a water purification treatment facility according to claim 6, wherein the optical detection means is an imaging means, and a fluorescence intensity threshold or a fluorescence intensity threshold determined in advance from an image obtained by the imaging means. A water purification facility, comprising: an image processing unit for removing a light source having a size equal to or smaller than a threshold value of a fluorescent light source. 9. The bacteria detection device for a water purification treatment facility according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a nutrient source necessary for adsorption-nucleic acid injection during the initial stage of lytic infection of bacteriophage bacteria is supplied to the raw water. Bacterial water purification treatment equipment provided with a nutrient source supply means.