JPH11285581A - Probability generator of pachinko game machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a probability generator of a PACHINKO game machine (a Japanese pinball game machine), by which a perfectly random pulse is obtained by using a random phenomenon being a nuclear decay in the machine and also an artificial illegality can never be executed by using the random pulse. SOLUTION: The helium atomic nucleus (α rays) radiated at random by natural decay is detected by a PIN diode detector 2 and the random pulse is generated by amplifiers 3 and 4, a pulse discriminator 5 and waveform reshaper 6. The set value of a hit is a time interval between channels x1 and x2 which are set by an eight-bit counter 9 as a probability and the hit is obtained when the pulse of the αrays is measured within the time. A comparator 11 receives a probability judging signal 12 as against a signal from a machine main substrate and transmits the judgment result of the probability (a hit signal 13).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a probability generating apparatus for a pachinko machine, and more particularly to detecting a particle emitted by a nucleus to generate a random pulse and generating an arbitrary probability value from a time interval of the pulse. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a probability generator for a pachinko machine that cannot be illegally operated in principle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a one-chip microcomputer (8 bits) is built in a pachinko machine or a slot machine, and a probability of hitting a ball is created by software.
The microcomputer controls the pachinko machine based on the periodicity based on the probability. For example, 2ms
By creating a program that counts up at intervals and monitoring the state by resetting each time one counts, if it is determined that the seventh hit before counting 200 is hit, 1/200 There will be hits with probability. In that case, 2ms × 199 = 398ms
Since it is sufficient to put a ball every time, fraud can be easily made. As described above, the method of creating the probability of the pachinko machine was created by an arithmetic program. However, it is easy to find the periodicity, which is a basic defect of the arithmetic, and to decode the program itself from the outside. It was possible to commit fraud. That is, the pachinko machine was illegally created by decoding the program to find the periodicity and operating the machine with the periodicity or modifying the program.

[0003] Inspection agencies and the like have developed CPUs with their own security codes to prevent fraud. However, as long as the codes are software, even if new security is developed one after another, they will always be deciphered. Therefore, it is not an effective means. For this reason, a device for monitoring a CPU has been proposed and introduced. However, in order to prevent such fraud, it is impossible to fundamentally prevent such fraud unless a structure that cannot be forged or altered is constructed in the used probability generator. Therefore, the present applicant has proposed a probability generation device that does not use an arithmetic program before the present application. In other words, α randomly emitted from radiation nuclei that naturally decay
Focusing on the fact that the frequency distribution of the time interval until the next particle is emitted is an exponential function in particles such as rays, beta rays, gamma rays, etc., set a certain section of the exponential function to have a predetermined probability. A "random number generator and a probability generator" generate a hit signal when a certain particle is radiated in a set time interval (see Japanese Patent Application No. 9-323439 and drawings).

[0004]

As described above, in the conventional pachinko machine, the probability of hitting is created by an arithmetic program, so that an illegal operation is easily performed. In other words, as long as the probability generator per pachinko machine is code by software, even if new security is developed one after another,
It did not work effectively because it was always deciphered. In addition, in the generation of random numbers using white noise, periodic noise mixed from a power source through a power supply line cannot be separated, so that it does not become a random number in principle. In order to prevent such fraud, it is required to construct a structure that cannot be forged or altered in a probability generator to be used, and to fundamentally prevent fraud. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve such a conventional problem and to obtain a completely random pulse by utilizing the previously proposed random phenomenon of nuclear decay as a pachinko machine, and to obtain a completely random pulse. -To provide a probability generator for a pachinko machine which cannot be artificially fraudulently using a pulse.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a probability generator for a pachinko machine of the present invention detects a helium nucleus (α-ray) randomly emitted by spontaneous decay and generates a random pulse. Then, the probability required for the pachinko machine is created from the frequency distribution of the pulse time intervals.
Upon receiving a probability determination signal corresponding to the signal from the pachinko machine main board, a determination result of the probability is transmitted. In particular,
Particles randomly emitted from a radiation source at a dose level equivalent to environmental radiation are detected by PIN
Generate a pulse. By utilizing the fact that the frequency distribution of the time interval of the random pulse is an exponential function, an arbitrary probability value is generated, and this probability value is used as a necessary probability value of a game machine or the like. Since the number of particles emitted per unit time can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution, monitor the abuse of pachinko machines by measuring the number of particles and monitoring whether it deviates from the deviation value of the Gaussian distribution . This allows
In principle, no artificial changes are possible. Therefore, there is also provided a self-monitoring circuit for detecting tampering or counterfeiting with respect to the probability generator of the present invention while preventing any tampering within the apparatus. Further, an unauthorized hit operation on a portion other than the device of the present invention can be detected.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the principle of the random pulse generator using α rays according to the present invention will be described. α-ray is another name for helium nucleus, and here, α-ray emitted from a spontaneously decaying Americium source is used. This americium radiation source is used for smoke detectors in Japan. International legislation clearly defines that anything less than 0.002 μCi / g is not radiation material, and the levels used in the probability generator of the present invention are not radiation material. Some nuclei that spontaneously decay emit α-rays, and others emit beta-rays (electron rays) and gamma rays. Americium nuclides emit only α-rays. The number of α-rays emitted per unit time from a naturally-decaying α-ray source can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution based on quantum theory. Therefore, a certain number of emission probabilities released per unit time can be calculated based on a Gaussian distribution. Further, since the time interval of each pulse has an exponential distribution, the probability can be obtained using the exponential distribution. The random pulse generator, which is a probability generator for a pachinko machine of the present invention, generates a random pulse by directly measuring α particles randomly emitted from the spontaneously decaying Americium nucleus using a semiconductor detector. is there. In the method of the present invention, one probability value can be obtained from one pulse. These probability values cannot be changed artificially at all.

FIG. 2 is a curve diagram of α-ray time interval measurement data, and FIG. 3 is a characteristic curve diagram of a Gaussian (normal) distribution. The number of α rays at a certain time interval is, for example,
At every second, the number of radiations is different, such as 100 radiations per second, 115 radiations in the next second, 90 radiations in the next second, etc. When viewed over a long time, the average is 100 pieces. As shown in FIG. 3, when the ordinate represents the number of emitted α-rays and the abscissa represents the frequency (voltage value), a Gaussian (normal) distribution curve is obtained as shown by the solid line. In FIG. 2, when the measured number (logarithmic scale) of the emitted α-rays is plotted on the ordinate and the time interval is plotted on the abscissa, the frequency distribution of the time interval of the random pulse becomes an exponential function curve. In the generation of random numbers using white noise or the like, a Gaussian distribution curve is not obtained as shown by a dashed line in FIG.

Now, assuming that the average value of the number of particles emitted per second from the spontaneously decaying nucleus is N, the average value of the time during which one particle is emitted is expressed by the following equation (1). T ₀ = 1 / N (sec) (1) Now, let t be the time interval between the emission of one particle and the emission of the next particle. The frequency distribution of the particles emitted at a certain time interval t is represented by the ratio of the average time T ₀ to t (t
/ T ₀ ) and is expressed by the following equation (2).

(Equation 1) It is clear from the above equation (2) that the distribution is exponential. The probability that a particle is emitted at the time interval t is represented by the ratio of the time t to the number of particles and the total number of particles. The overall probability value,
That is, the value obtained by integrating the above equation (2) from 0 to ∞ is normalized to 1.

(Equation 2) Therefore, the probability of the particles emitted at the time interval t has an exponential distribution of the following equation (3).

(Equation 3) For simplicity, if t is rewritten as t = XT ₀ , the probability P (x) between the times X1T ₀ and X2T ₀ is written as the following equation (4).

(Equation 4) By selecting x1 and x2 in the above equation (4), the probability P (x) of an arbitrary value can be set.

For the above equation (4), the set value of 1 / P is 1
When 0, 20, 80, 100, 130, 150, and 400 are set, the integration range of X1 to X2 is 138 to 181, 16
1-173, 144-149, 145-149, 141
~ 144,164 ~ 167,146 ~ 147, and the hit channels are 139 ~ 181,162 ~ 17 respectively.
3,145-149,146-149,142-14
4,165 to 167,147, and the probability P (x1, x
2) are 0.009948, 0.04999,
0.01251, 9.976 × 10 ⁻³ , 6.665 × 1
0 ^-3 and 2.501 × 10 ^-3 . FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the probability (P (n)) when x ₁ and x ₂ in Expression (4) are determined. The x ₁ and 0, the probability in the case of the x ₂ and 2T ₀ becomes 0.865 (i.e., 1 / 1.156). Similarly, the x ₁ and 2T _0, the probability in the case of the x ₂ and 3T ₀ becomes 0.186 (1 / 11.63). Further, the x ₁ and 5T _0, the probability in the case of the x ₂ and 6T ₀ is
It becomes 4.26 × 10 ⁻³ . In addition, the x ₁ and 8T _0, x ₂
Is 10T ₀ , the probability is 2.90 × 10 ⁻⁴ .

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a probability generator for a pachinko machine showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is α
Line 2, semiconductor detector (PIN diode), 3 is a preamplifier, 4 is a main amplifier, 5 is a wave height discriminator, 6 is a waveform shaper, 7 is a pulse output, 8 is a time measuring device, 9 is a clock pulse. Generator, 11 is a comparator, 12 is a hit set value, 13
Is a hit signal. The α ray 1 contains, for example, 241 protons and neutrons in 1 g of helium atoms, and the helium atoms spontaneously decay to release α particles, resulting in 238 protons and neutrons. Change. P
In the IN diode detector 2, silicon atoms are divided into electrons (-) and holes (+), so that they can be observed as a pulse when viewed from the outside. Since the pulse interval obtained here is completely random, the number of pulses measured per unit time is also random. In addition, the energy of α-rays detected by the detector 2 has a distribution in the energy detected by a pulse in the detector 2 because the α-rays emitted from the radiation source are in the 4π direction. Converts the energy of the measured pulse into a voltage, clearly distinguishes it from noise on the circuit, and measures only the effective pulse due to α rays. The measured pulse is completely random based on the laws of nature and cannot be processed artificially.

The electric charge generated in the semiconductor diode detector 2 by the α-ray is input to the preamplifier 3 and converted into a voltage pulse. Further, the pulse is amplified to a predetermined voltage (3 to 4 V) by the amplifier 4 and is input to the pulse height discriminator 5. In the pulse height discriminator 5, the voltage pulse of the α ray forms an attenuation waveform by the capacitance component C and the resistance component R, but the high pulse height discrimination (cut off above a level corresponding to the pulse peak value) and the low pulse height discrimination (pulse Cut off below the hem level),
Intermediate wave height discrimination (confirming the half-width of the pulse) is performed, and only a valid pulse using only α rays is extracted.
Except for the pulse waveform designated by the wave height discriminator 5, all can be removed as noise. Therefore, even if a pseudo pulse is artificially created, it can be similarly discriminated as noise. Next, the effective pulse is shaped by the waveform shaper 6 and converted into a square wave, and then input to the time measuring device 8,
By inputting a pulse from the clock pulse generator 9, channels 0 to 256 are counted. The counted pulse is input to the comparator 11, and a hit signal 13 is output by inputting the hit setting value 12 from the gate of the comparator 11. The probability value is set as a gate time by a clock pulse. The comparator 11 outputs a hit signal 13 when a pulse is incident during the time when the gate is opened.

FIG. 6 is an operation timing chart of the time measuring device and the comparator in FIG. As described above, the winning setting is determined by using the above equation (4), T ₀ , x _1, and x
By setting ₂ , a plurality of arbitrary probabilities can be set. Here, a description will be given by taking the probability of using a pachinko machine as an example. In the case of a pachinko machine, the time to wait for a hit or not, that is, the average time to generate a probability value is 0.
It may be about 5 seconds. Therefore, a source whose measurement number is 2.5 (2.5 cps) per second is used as the α-ray source. According to the above equation (1), T ₀ is T ₀ = 1 / N = 1 / 2.5 cps =
400 msec. Time interval is frequency 400H
z, that is, Δt = measured in units of 2.5 msec. The measured time value is represented by an 8-bit (256 channel) counter 9. Thus, T ₀ = 400 mse
c corresponds to 160 channels. With this setting, the range of the probability required for the pachinko machine is determined. The result of the trial calculation in FIG. 4 is the probability when a pair of x1 and x2 is combined. Of course, an arbitrary probability value can be created by combining several bytes. The set value per hit is
This is a time interval between the channel (x1) and the channel (x2) set as a probability by the 8-bit counter 9, and it is a hit if an α-ray pulse is measured within this time.

FIG. 6 shows first methods (a) to (d) for counting to the end and second methods (e) to (f) for counting halfway and terminating. FIG. 6 (a)
Is an α-ray pulse, (b) is a main board hit judgment request signal, (c) is a count signal of the first method that counts up to 256 channels and ends, and (d) is a hit signal. , (E) are the main board contact determination request signals as in (b), and (f) is the count signal of the second method for terminating the count on x2 of 256 channels. In the first method, when a hit determination request signal (b) comes from the main board, α
The count of 256 channels is started from the line measurement pulse (c), and when the next α-ray pulse is measured between the x1 and x2 channels determined based on a predetermined probability value, it is determined that a hit has occurred, and the hit to the main substrate has occurred. The determination signal (d) is transmitted. As a method of counting up 256 channels,
If a pulse of an α ray is measured before the x1 channel, it is not a hit, so that the pulse is ignored, but if a pulse arrives after the x2 channel similarly, it is ignored because it is not a hit. It counts up to the channel and waits for a hit determination request signal from the next main board. In the second method, when a pulse cannot be measured between the x1 and x2 channels, counting is considered to be useless after the x2 channel, the counting is stopped at the x2 channel, and the hit determination from the next main board is immediately performed. Wait for a request signal.

FIG. 7 is an operation timing chart showing another embodiment of the time measuring device and the comparator in FIG.
7A shows a random pulse, FIG. 7B shows a hit request signal from the main board, FIG. 7C shows a clock pulse from a clock pulse generator, and FIG. 7D shows a clock pulse indicating the number of channels x1 and x2. It is. In the present embodiment, the interval from the first pulse to the second pulse after the hit determination request signal is replaced with the number n of clock pulses counted by the clock pulse generator 9, and the number of clocks n is within a predetermined section, that is, This is a method of performing a hit determination when it exists between x1 and x2. That is, as shown in (d), when counting from an arbitrary random pulse in advance, the number of clock pulses in the scheduled sections x1 and x2 is x
1 'and x2' are counted, and when a hit judgment request signal (b) comes from the main board, the clock pulse generator 9 is activated to start the clock pulse generator 9 immediately after the judgment request signal (b). The counting is started from one pulse (c), and stopped when the second pulse arrives. If the numerical value at that time is n, and if x1 ′ <n ≦ x2 ′, then a hit judgment is made. Then, a hit signal is output.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fraud monitoring apparatus showing another embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 13 denotes FIG.
, 14 is an infrared light emitting element, 15 is a fraud monitoring circuit including a light receiving element for receiving infrared light from the light emitting element 14 and other comparison circuits and determination circuits, and 16 is a hit operation signal of the game machine. As a countermeasure in the case where an illegal operation is performed outside the apparatus, the hit signal 13 of the apparatus is notified to the outside that the hit signal 13 is output by the infrared sensor, that is, the infrared light emitting element 14. The external fraud monitoring circuit 15 is a monitoring device such as a hall computer with an infrared receiving sensor attached thereto. The hit signal 13 from the device and the hit operation signal 16 of the game machine are compared by an internal comparison circuit (not shown). Compare. If they are legitimate pachinko machines, they match. If the pachinko machine is equipped with illegal means, for example, a random number generator using white noise instead of the α-ray generator, the mismatch occurs because the pulse generation time interval does not become a Gaussian distribution curve. become. This makes it possible to monitor fraudulent activities other than the present apparatus. In the random pulse generator using americium, a source of the same substance cannot be created because the americium used is naturally decaying. Therefore, it is impossible to produce the same random pulse generator. With this characteristic, it is possible to discriminate all the created numbers based on the eigenvalue set in the random pulse generator, and it is possible to manage all the created numbers.

The operation and effect of this embodiment are listed below. When used as a probability generator in a game machine or the like, a predetermined probability can be generated without depending on a program at all. Probability creation is based on the program count-up method (1
３3 seconds). In the prototype used for the slot machine, since the demand of the pachinko machine is relatively long, it is possible to determine the hit in 30 msec or less in the dimension of the prototype. The set probability can be proved mathematically by a calculation formula. In the random pulse generator according to the present invention, the probability value cannot be changed even if the program is illegally performed. In the case of a reel type display unit, it is possible to individually create a probability according to the display number value of each display unit with one probability generator, and to match the display probability with the lottery probability. Is possible. As described with reference to FIG. 5, a self-verification circuit can be provided, and even if an improper hit is made at an external place, it can be easily prevented by comparing the result with the output of the pulse generator. By making the substrate used for the pulse generator an ASIC, further miniaturization is possible. In addition, PIN
By developing a diode or the like exclusively for the random pulse generator, it is theoretically possible to reduce the thickness to about 500 μm. Accordingly, the pulse generator can be a one-chip IC such as an SOP type.

[0017]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By utilizing the random phenomenon of nuclear decay for pachinko, it is possible to obtain completely random pulses, and to use this random pulse to realize a probability generator for pachinko machines that cannot be artificially altered at all. Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a probability generator for a pachinko machine showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing time interval measurement data in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a Gaussian distribution curve applied by the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing set values and probabilities of x1 and x2 in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a fraud monitoring apparatus showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an operation timing chart showing one embodiment of the time measuring device and the comparator in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an operation timing chart showing another embodiment of the time measuring device and the comparator in FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Alpha-ray generating part, 2 ... PIN diode detector, 3 ... Preamplifier, 4 ... Main amplifier, 5 ... Height discriminator, 6 ... Waveform shaper, 7 ... Pulse output, 8 ... Time measuring instrument, 9 ... Clock pulse generator, 11 comparator, 12 hit signal, 14
... infrared light emitting element, 15 ... illegal monitoring circuit, 16 ... operation signal per game machine.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A probability generator for a pachinko machine utilizing the fact that the frequency distribution of time intervals of particles such as α-rays, beta-rays, and gamma-rays randomly emitted from spontaneously decaying radioactive nuclei is an exponential function. A detector for detecting the emitted particles to generate a random pulse; a circuit unit for amplifying the generated random pulse, discriminating the wave height and shaping the waveform, and outputting a pulse; and a clock pulse for outputting the output pulse. A time measuring device that counts up to a predetermined value, and a predetermined section of an exponential function indicated by a frequency distribution of the time interval of the random pulse is set to have a predetermined probability, and a hit determination request signal is input. A pachinko machine comprising: a comparator for judging a hit if the pulse is measured in the predetermined section after the point in time, and outputting a hit signal. For probability generator. 2. The probability generator for a pachinko machine according to claim 1, wherein the comparator is configured to determine whether or not a pulse has not been measured in a predetermined section since a time when a hit determination request signal is input. A probability generator for a pachinko machine characterized by ignoring a pulse after a section, terminating counting by counting up to the scheduled section, and waiting for a next determination request signal. 3. The probability generator for a pachinko machine according to claim 2, wherein a first pulse after a point in time when the hit determination request signal is input is started, and a time interval until the next pulse is counted by a clock counter. A probability generator for a pachinko machine, wherein a hit determination is performed when the number of clock pulses is within a range within a predetermined section. 4. The probability generator for a pachinko machine according to claim 1, wherein a light emitting element, such as an infrared light, for notifying to the outside that a hit signal has been output to an output side of the comparator; And the like, and a hitting signal from a light emitting element and a hitting operation signal of the game machine generated separately are compared by an internal comparing circuit, so that a fraudulent monitoring circuit for judging fraud in the case of a mismatch is provided. Generator for pachinko machines.