JPH1124545A - Plant simulation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to carry out an automatic running test of a plant simulating device and to easily carry out the test and adjustment by providing the apparatus with an operation control means which successively generates operation signals to a plant simulating means, etc., according to the running procedure data stored in an operation item storing means by an operator's request. SOLUTION: An operation control means 27 interprets the data stored in the operation item storing means 25 and outputs operation signals successively to an input/output processing means 11. The input/output processing means 11 normally outputs the operation signal from a display/operation device 3 or an operator 5 to the plant simulating means 13 and outputs the operation signal from an operation control means 27 to the plant simulating means 3 at the time of the test. The operation signals are automatically formed according to the operation items and operation timings stored in the operation item storing means 25 according to this constitution. As a result, the always consistent running operation is carried out and, therefore, the recognition of the test results and adjustment results is facilitated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant simulator used for plant operation training.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a plant simulation apparatus includes a computer for calculating the dynamic characteristics of a plant and control logic, and an operation signal when an operator operates an operating device or a switch, or a display device such as a CRT. Operation icons are displayed on a screen that combines input devices such as a keyboard, touch panel, and mouse, and operation signals are input from a display / operation device that enables device operation, calculations are performed, and an indicator or recorder is used. And the like, and a display device such as a CRT. Also, when an operation signal is input from an operation device, switch or display / operation device, the control logic proceeds to output a processing command, or when the processing is completed, the result is output to a printer as a record. I have.

FIG. 13 shows a computer and a display / operation device,
1 is an overall configuration diagram of a conventional plant simulation device using an operation device, a display device, and the like. In this plant simulator,
The computer constitutes a plant simulation unit 1, and the display / operation device 3, the operation device 5 (for example, a plant operation panel) and the display 7 constitute a simulation input / output unit 9. That is, display /
The operating device 3 and the operating device 5 are provided for operating the plant simulation device, and the operation of the trainee is performed from the display / operation device 3 or the operating device 5 to the input / output processing unit 11 of the plant simulation unit 1. Notified as a signal.

[0004] The input / output processing means 11 outputs an operation signal from the simulation input / output unit 9 to the plant simulation means 13. The plant simulation means 13 executes a simulation operation of a plant process and a simulation operation of a control system based on the input operation signal. A simulation operation result such as a process value or a control system output value obtained by the plant simulation means 13 is output to the input / output means 11.
And output to the display 7 and the display / operation device 3 of the simulation input / output unit 9. Further, the operation signal and the simulation operation result for the operation signal are sent from the input / output processing unit 11 to the simulation result storage unit 15 and stored.

As described above, the conventional plant simulation apparatus includes the plant simulation section 1 and the simulation input / output section 9, which are operated by trainees and display simulation results such as plant process values and control system outputs based on the operation. It is only displayed on the operating device 3 or the display 7.

[0006] Therefore, when performing adjustment and testing of such a plant simulation device, it is necessary for an operator such as a tester or a coordinator to perform all or most of the operations necessary for plant operation. The operator monitored a huge number of monitoring items simulated from the operation with his own eyes, and determined whether or not the performance as a plant simulation device was satisfied. Further, in the adjustment stage, the same operation procedure was repeatedly performed until the performance was satisfied while changing the constants and calculation formulas in the plant simulation means.

[0007]

As described above, the prior art relating to the operation and evaluation of the plant performed during the adjustment and test of the plant simulator has the following problems.

(1) In the case of performing adjustment and testing of a plant simulation device, the operation is performed based on a procedure manual in which the operating procedure is described in text. It may come out. Further, at the time of adjustment, the operation is repeatedly performed in the same procedure. However, even for the same operator, the operation timing is not uniform, and it is difficult to grasp the result after the adjustment.

(2) In addition, it is necessary to have an operator always in front of the apparatus during the test, and it is impossible to perform a simultaneous test for more than the number of operators or a test when there is no operator such as at night.

(3) The plant simulation apparatus needs to record, collect, and organize test results in order to submit test records to a user or store test records in a manufacturer. For this reason, the operator visually observes the numerical values output to the monitoring device, writes them on a recording sheet, makes a hard copy of the monitoring screen displayed on the operation CRT or outputs the data to a printer, and collects these as test results in a document. To summarize, the amount is usually huge,
A significant portion of the testing effort was required.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a plant simulator capable of executing unmanned operation for adjustment and testing.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a plant simulation apparatus which automatically records test results and collects and arranges test data, and greatly improves the efficiency of adjustments and tests conventionally requiring a long time and a large amount of labor. With the goal.

[0013]

That is, a plant simulation apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises: a simulation input / output means for inputting an operation signal by an operator and outputting monitoring information of a simulated plant; Plant simulation means for simulating the plant state based on the operation data, operation item storage means for storing operation procedure data defining operation items and operation timing, and operation procedure data stored in the operation item storage means at the request of the operator And operation control means for sequentially generating an operation signal to the plant simulation means according to the above.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, an operation signal is automatically generated by the operation control means while interpreting the operation item and the operation timing stored in the operation item storage means,
Since the uniform driving operation is always performed, the test result and the adjustment result can be easily grasped, and the driving operation can be performed without the operator having to operate each time, so that the number of test personnel can be reduced.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the plant simulation apparatus according to the first aspect, operation procedure data is created based on operation signal information sequentially input to the plant simulation means via the simulation input / output means, and the operation items are stored. And means for storing operation content stored in the means.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the operation items and the operation timing are automatically stored in a format that can be interpreted by the device from the operation operation actually performed by the operator based on the operation procedure manual by the operation content storage means. Therefore, data to be stored in the operation item storage means can be easily created.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the plant simulation apparatus of the first aspect, test data storage means for storing, as test data, a simulation operation result simulated by the plant simulation means based on an operation signal from the operation control means. When,
Evaluation item storage means for storing information on items to be evaluated in the test data; evaluation reference data storage means for storing reference data corresponding to the evaluation items stored in the evaluation item storage means; Test data evaluation means for evaluating stored test data with reference to data stored in an evaluation item storage means and data stored in an evaluation criterion data storage means; test data output from the test data evaluation means and its evaluation Test result output means for outputting a result.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the test results are automatically collected and the form is output only by registering the test evaluation item data and the evaluation reference data in advance, so that the test record is submitted to the user. Alternatively, it is possible to save labor of recording, collecting, and organizing test results for storing test records in a manufacturer.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the plant simulation apparatus having the above-described configuration, information on operation signals sequentially input to the plant simulation means via the simulation input / output means, and simulation by the plant simulation means based on the operation signals. An evaluation criterion data generating means for generating evaluation criterion data to be stored in the evaluation criterion data storage means from information on the calculated simulation result is provided.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, evaluation reference data is automatically obtained from typical driving operations (operation items and operation timings) actually performed by a skilled operator or the like and the simulation results obtained as a result. Since it can be generated, it is possible to save the labor of creating the evaluation reference data.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the plant simulation apparatus of the first aspect, an operation condition determination data storage unit for storing operation condition information of an operation item not specified by the interlock, and an operation item to be operated from the operation control unit Input information, and determine whether or not the operation condition is satisfied based on the simulation operation result in the plant simulation means and the operation condition information stored in the operation condition determination data storage means. Permits the operation control means to output the operation signal of the operation item to the plant simulation means,
In the case where the operation condition is not satisfied, there is provided an operation condition satisfaction determination unit that outputs an operation condition failure determination result, and a display unit that displays the operation condition failure determination result by the operation condition satisfaction determination unit.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when an operation condition is not satisfied during the automatic test and the test is stalled, the operator is notified of the stagnation and at the same time the condition item causing the stagnation can be specified. Therefore, the operator can recognize the problem at an early stage, minimize the stagnation of the test, and reduce the test time.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the plant simulation apparatus of the fifth aspect, a simulation signal necessary for satisfying the operation condition is provided based on a result of the operation condition unsatisfaction determination from the operation condition determination means. Characterized in that it is provided with an operation condition simulating means for setting the operation conditions.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, when a test is stagnated because a certain operation condition is not satisfied, simulated data is set for the unsatisfied condition and the progress of the test itself is continued. Automatic driving can be performed efficiently regardless of whether or not the vehicle is running.

[0025]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first example of the plant simulator of the present invention.
And a test terminal 21 and a test input / output management means 23 for inputting and outputting data to and from the test terminal 21 as compared with the conventional configuration shown in FIG. Operation item storage means 25 for storing the operation items necessary for the operation and the timing / condition for executing each operation item,
Further, a simulation test unit 29 including an operation control unit 27 that sequentially outputs an operation signal to the input / output processing unit 11 according to data in the operation item storage unit 25 is added.

Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described. The test terminal 21 is a terminal for an operator to perform test operation and monitor the status of the test during adjustment and testing of the plant simulation device, and is configured by a display device such as a CRT and a liquid crystal display and an input device such as a keyboard and a mouse. You. In addition,
This test terminal 21 can be shared with the display / operation device 3 of the simulation input / output unit 9 without being provided separately.

The test input / output management means 23 judges input information from the test terminal 21, notifies appropriate means, and outputs information from each means to the test terminal 21.

The operation item storage means 25 stores operation items necessary for the operation of the plant and timings and conditions for executing each operation item. As shown in FIG. And stored in a table format so that the device can decode it. The data stored in the operation item storage means 25 is created via the test input / output management means 23 by key input by the operator from the test terminal 21. Alternatively, the data may be read through a medium such as a floppy disk.

The operation control means 27 includes the operation item storage means 2
5 for interpreting the data stored in the
The operation signals are sequentially output to the control signals 1.

The input / output processing means 11 normally outputs an operation signal from the display / operation device 3 or the operation device 5 to the plant simulating means 13.
7 is output to the plant simulation means 13.

As is clear from the above description, according to the present embodiment, an operation signal is automatically generated in accordance with the operation items and operation timings stored in the operation item storage means 25, whereby the operation signal is always generated. Since a uniform driving operation is performed, it is easier to grasp the test results and the adjustment results.
Moreover, since the simulated operation is performed without the operator actually performing the operation, the number of test personnel can be reduced.

FIG. 3 shows a second example of the plant simulator of the present invention.
This shows another embodiment of the method of creating data stored in the operation item storage means 25 in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, FIG.
An operation content storage unit 31 for creating data in the operation item storage unit 25 based on a driving operation performed by the operator via the simulated input / output unit 9 is added to the configuration shown in FIG.

The operation content storage means 31 stores a display /
A driving operation signal actually performed by using the operation device 3 or the operation device 5 is input from the input / output processing unit 11, and each time an operation is performed, the operation item and operation timing are stored in a format that can be interpreted by the device. Write to means 25.

Thus, the data to be stored in the operation item storage means 25 can be automatically created not from the test terminal 21 but from the actual operation performed by the operator based on the operation procedure manual. .

FIG. 4 shows a third example of the plant simulator of the present invention.
A test data collection unit 33 for collecting simulation operation result data simulated by a test operation and stored in a simulation result storage unit, as compared with the configuration shown in FIG. Test data storage means 35 for storing calculation result data; evaluation item storage means 37 for storing information defining items to be evaluated; evaluation reference data storage means 39 for storing reference data for each evaluation item; Test data evaluation means 41 for evaluating the simulated operation result data stored in the storage means 35 based on information in the evaluation item storage means 37 and the evaluation reference data storage means 39, and a form format storage means 43 for storing a form format And test data evaluation means 41
A test result form creation means 45 for creating form data in accordance with the form format in the form format storage means 43 based on the output of the form format storage means 43, and a form output device 47 for outputting the data from the test result form creation means 45 to the form. .

Next, the operation of the third embodiment will be described. The simulation test of the plant simulation section 1 is automatically performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. After the test operation is completed, the operator performs a result request operation from the test terminal 21, so that the test input / output management unit 23 notifies the test data collection unit 33 of the result request command.

The test data collecting means 33 collects the simulation result from the simulation result storing means 15 and stores the result in the test data storing means 35. FIG. 5 shows an example of data stored in the test data storage unit 35. Then, when the collection and storage of the simulation result are completed, the test data evaluation means 4
1 is notified of an evaluation execution command.

The evaluation reference data storage means 39 stores reference data for evaluating the result of the simulation operation.
As shown in FIG. 6, reference values are stored for all variables to be evaluated. The information stored in the evaluation item storage means 37 specifies in advance which variables of the simulation calculation results are to be evaluated.

The test data evaluation means 41 extracts only the data relating to the variables specified by the evaluation item storage means 37 from the simulated operation result data in the test data storage means 35, and stores the data in the evaluation reference data storage means 39. The test data is evaluated in comparison with the reference data stored in. The evaluation of the test data includes: "whether the equipment to be operated was operated within the specified time", "whether the process value reached the specified value at the specified timing", or "the control output reached the specified value at the specified timing". Or whether the hunting width is within a specified range "," whether an alarm other than the specified alarm is not issued "or the like. The evaluation result by the test result evaluation means 41 is transmitted to the test result form creation means 45 together with the simulation operation result (test data) to be evaluated.

The test result form creation means 45 refers to the form format data stored in advance from the form format storage means 43, summarizes the test data from the test result evaluation means 41 and the evaluation results, and compiles the form. The form data is output to the test result form output means 47.

The test result form output means 47 outputs a form of the test result based on the form data from the test result form creation means 45.

As is clear from the above description, according to the present embodiment, the simulation result of the test operation is automatically collected only by setting the test evaluation items and the evaluation reference data in advance. Since it is possible to evaluate and output the form, it is possible to save labor of recording, collecting, and organizing test results for submitting test records to a user or storing test records in a manufacturer.

FIG. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the plant simulator of the present invention.
In this embodiment, an operation reference storage unit 31 and an evaluation reference data generation unit 49 for generating data stored in an evaluation reference data storage unit 39 shown in FIG. 3 are added to the configuration shown in FIG.

The evaluation criterion data generating means 49 is provided so that the data stored in the evaluation criterion data storage means 39 can be created from the actual simulated operation data in the adjusted plant simulation apparatus. Based on the operation items and operation timings stored in the storage unit 25 and the simulation calculation results stored in the simulation result storage unit 15, evaluation reference data to be stored in the evaluation reference data storage unit 39 is generated.

That is, in the second embodiment, the operation items actually performed by the operator and the operation timing thereof are stored in the operation item storage means 25 via the input / output processing means 11. The data is notified to the evaluation criterion data generating means 49.

On the other hand, the simulation result obtained by the plant simulation means 13 by the above operation is stored in the simulation result storage means 15 via the input / output processing means 11, and the same data is used to generate the evaluation reference data. Means 4
9 is notified.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the operator performs the model operation using the plant simulation apparatus which has been adjusted and completed, and the evaluation reference data relating to the apparatus itself or an apparatus equivalent to the apparatus is obtained. Can be automatically generated.

FIG. 8 shows a fifth embodiment of the plant simulator of the present invention.
And an operation condition determination data storage unit 51 for storing operation conditions of operation items to be checked by an operator in actual plant operation, as compared with the configuration shown in FIG. An operation condition satisfaction determination unit 53 for determining whether an operation condition is satisfied for each operation item of the automatic test operation based on data stored in the data storage unit 51 is added.

Next, the operation of the fifth embodiment will be described. Among operation items in the plant operation operation, there are devices that cannot be operated when a specific condition is not satisfied. If the plant to be simulated incorporates these operating conditions into the control device as an interlock of equipment, it is simulated by the plant simulating means; otherwise, the information obtained by the operator using the monitoring device is used. The operation is performed after confirming the operating conditions one by one on the basis of the operating conditions, and this is generally described as a confirmation item in the operation procedure manual.

The operation condition determination data storage means 51 stores such confirmation items for each operation item, and specifies operation conditions not specified by the interlock. FIG. 9 shows an example of data stored in the operation condition determination data storage means 51.

As described above in the first embodiment, when the automatic test is performed in accordance with the operation signal automatically output from the operation control means 27, the operation condition satisfaction determination means 53 When the operation timing comes, it is determined whether or not the operation condition is satisfied for the operation. The result is stored in the simulation calculation result from the plant simulation unit 13 and the operation condition determination data storage unit 51. The operation conditions are compared, and if the condition is satisfied, the permission of the operation is given to the operation control means 27. If the condition is not satisfied, the test input / output management means 2
3 is displayed on the test terminal 21 together with the details of the condition being not satisfied as shown in FIG. The operator identifies and repairs the defect based on the information and continues the test.

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present embodiment, the operator can check the operating conditions, automatically check and determine the items to be operated, and perform the test driving. If the test operation stagnates because the condition of a certain operation item is not satisfied, the operator can recognize the cause of the stagnation early by presenting the unsatisfied operation item and condition to the operator, and perform the test. Actions can be taken to minimize stagnation, thus reducing test time.

FIG. 11 shows a sixth embodiment of the plant simulation apparatus according to the present invention. Compared with the configuration shown in FIG. An unsatisfied recording means 55 and an operation condition simulating means 57 for forcibly inputting or changing a variable necessary for satisfying a condition to the plant simulating means 13 based on information from the unsatisfied recording means 55 are added.

Next, the operation of the sixth embodiment will be described. During the automatic simulation test using the operation signal from the operation control unit 27 described in the first embodiment, when the operation condition satisfaction determination unit 53 determines that the operation condition for a certain operation is not satisfied, the condition failure recording unit 55 The condition, operation target item, time, and the like that are not satisfied after a predetermined time has elapsed are recorded. The information recorded by the condition failure recording means 55 is displayed on the test terminal 21 via the test input / output management means 23 by the operation condition simulating means 57 and is notified to the operator. FIG. 12 shows a display example of the condition failure record.

The operating condition simulating means 57 simulates the corresponding variable in the plant simulating means 13 based on the information of the unsatisfied condition obtained from the unsatisfied condition recording means 55 automatically or in response to a condition satisfaction request from the operator. To force the unsatisfied condition to be satisfied.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, when a test is stalled because a certain condition is not satisfied, the apparatus records it as a failure and then sets simulation data for the unsatisfied condition. To continue the test itself,
Even if the operator cannot recognize that the condition is not satisfied at night,
The automatic test can be continued efficiently.

[0058]

As described above, according to the present invention, the operation of the plant can be simulated by the operation signal automatically output in accordance with the operation procedure created in advance, so that the operator can actually operate the plant. Without manipulation
An automatic operation test of the plant simulation device can be performed, and thus the test and adjustment can be easily performed.

Further, according to the present invention, the operation procedure data for the automatic driving test can be automatically created from the model driving operation actually performed by the operator.

Further, according to the present invention, by automatically collecting, evaluating, and outputting a report in the form of a test result, the test result can be submitted to a user or stored in a manufacturer's own company. Labor saving of recording, collection, and arrangement can be achieved.

Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to automatically generate evaluation reference data for evaluating test results from a model driving operation actually performed by an operator.

Further, according to the present invention, when a certain condition is not satisfied during the automatic test and the test is stalled, by detecting the condition not satisfied and notifying the operator, the operator can recognize the problem at an early stage. The stagnation of the test can be minimized, and the test time can be shortened.

Further, according to the present invention, when a certain condition is not satisfied during the automatic test and the test stagnates, simulation data is set for the unsatisfied condition and the progress of the test is continued. Regardless of the presence of an operator,
Testing can be performed efficiently.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of a plant simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of data stored in an operation item storage means 25 in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the plant simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the plant simulator of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of data stored in a test data storage unit 35 in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of data stored in an evaluation criterion data storage unit 39 in FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the plant simulation apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the plant simulation apparatus of the present invention.

9 is an operation condition determination data storage unit 51 in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of stored data of FIG.

10 is a diagram showing a display example on the test terminal 21 when the operation condition satisfaction determination means 53 determines that the condition is not satisfied. FIG.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a sixth embodiment of the plant simulation apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a display example of a condition failure record on a test terminal 21;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a conventional example of a plant simulation apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Plant simulation part 3 ... Display / operation device 5 ... Operating device 7 ... Display 9 ... Simulated input / output unit 11 ... Input / output processing means 13 ... Plant simulation means 15 Simulation result storage unit 21 Test terminal 23 Test input / output management unit 25 Operation item storage unit 27 Operation control unit 29 Simulation test unit 31 ... operation content storage means 33 ... test data collection means 35 ... test data storage means 37 ... evaluation item storage means 39 ... evaluation reference data storage means 41 ... test data evaluation means 43 ... Form format storage means 45 Test result form creation means 47 Form output device 49 Evaluation reference data generation means 51 Operation condition determination data storage means 53 Operation condition satisfaction determination means

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Noriyuki Mito 1 Toshiba-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo Toshiba Corporation Fuchu Plant (72) Inventor Masataka Mochizuki 2-24-24 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo Toshiba System Technology Co., Ltd.

Claims (6)

[Claims] A simulation input / output means for inputting an operation signal by an operator and outputting monitoring information of a simulated plant; a plant simulation means for simulating a plant state based on the operation signal; Operation item storage means for storing operation procedure data defining operation timing, and operation control for sequentially generating operation signals to the plant simulation means according to operation procedure data stored in the operation item storage means at the request of an operator And a means for simulating a plant. 2. An operation content storage means for creating the operation procedure data based on operation signal information sequentially input to the plant simulation means via the simulation input / output means and storing the operation procedure data in the operation item storage means. The plant simulation device according to claim 1, wherein 3. Test data storage means for storing, as test data, a simulation operation result simulated by the plant simulation means based on an operation signal from the operation control means, and information on items to be evaluated with the test data. Evaluation item storage means for storing the reference data corresponding to the evaluation items stored in the evaluation item storage means; and evaluation of the test data stored in the test data storage means. Test data evaluation means for referring to the storage data of the evaluation item storage means and the storage data of the evaluation criterion data storage means, and test data output from the test data evaluation means and a test result for outputting the evaluation result. The plant simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising an output unit. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein information of an operation signal sequentially input to said plant simulation means via said simulation input / output means and information of a simulation operation result simulated by said plant simulation means based on said operation signal. The plant simulation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an evaluation criterion data generating unit configured to generate evaluation criterion data stored in the evaluation criterion data storage unit according to claim 3. 5. An operation condition determination data storage unit for storing operation condition information of an operation item not defined by an interlock; operation item information to be operated from the operation control unit; and a simulation calculation result in the plant simulation unit. And determining whether an operation condition is satisfied based on the operation condition information stored in the operation condition determination data storage means. If the operation condition is satisfied, the operation item is transmitted to the operation control means. Output to the plant simulation means, and outputs an operation condition non-satisfaction determination result in the case of non-satisfaction, and displays the operation condition non-satisfaction determination result by the operation condition satisfaction determination means. The plant simulation device according to claim 1, further comprising a display unit that performs the operation. 6. An operation condition simulating means for setting a simulation signal necessary for satisfying the operation condition to the plant simulation means based on an operation condition unsatisfaction determination result from the operation condition determining means. The plant simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: