JPH11208304A - Four-wheel drive vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize a four-wheel drive vehicle having the power source of an engine and a motor, and being travelable in at least two kind drive modes of drive by only the motor and that by the engine and motor, displaying merit of fuel consumption of a so-called hybrid automobile, and moreover having a proper traveling property. SOLUTION: The following are provided between the crank shaft 48 of an engine 10 and the input shaft 58 of a transmission 12: an intermediate shaft 50 drivable by a first motor 26, first and second clutches 16 and 18 separable between the shafts 50 and 48, also the shafts 50 and 58 respectively, and second motors 30a and 30b; and one side of front and rear wheels can be driven by the engine 10 and the motor 24, and also the other side can be driven by the motors 30a and 30b.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a so-called hybrid vehicle in which wheels can be driven by an engine and a motor, and in particular, one of a front wheel and a rear wheel is driven by an engine and a motor, and the other is driven by another motor. The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive vehicle to be driven.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional four-wheel drive vehicle is provided with a power distribution mechanism for a front wheel and a rear wheel called a transfer using an engine as a power source, or one of a front wheel and a rear wheel is driven by an engine and the other is driven. And a four-wheel drive vehicle that is electrically driven and provided with motors that independently drive the front, rear, left, and right wheels, respectively.

[0003]

However, recently, in order to improve fuel efficiency, a so-called hybrid vehicle that can be driven by two types of power sources, an engine and a motor, has been put into practical use. Further, the present inventor has disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 10-1998 filed on January 13, 1998, an intermediate shaft drivable by a first motor between a crankshaft of an engine and an input shaft of a transmission; A first clutch capable of intermittent connection between the intermediate shaft and the crankshaft, a second clutch capable of intermittent connection between the intermediate shaft and the input shaft, and a second motor capable of driving the output shaft; A motor drive system has been proposed in which the first motor and the second motor are configured to drive wheels independently or in combination, and a drive mode that maximizes fuel efficiency can be selected from various drive modes.

[0004] However, conventionally, there has been a four-wheel drive vehicle that utilizes the characteristics of a so-called hybrid vehicle, in which a four-wheel drive can be performed by selecting a drive mode from driving only by a motor and driving by an engine and a motor. Did not. For example, if the front wheels are driven by an engine and the rear wheels are driven by a motor, driving only a motor with good fuel economy in the low-speed range will be a two-wheel drive, impairing the ability to travel on slippery road surfaces. I will. Also, if independent driving motors are simply provided for the front wheels and the rear wheels, it is difficult to achieve both engine driving and motor driving. There was a problem that both of the driving performance of the driving car could not be exhibited.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a method of driving by only a motor and driving by both an engine and a motor.
It is an object of the present invention to obtain a four-wheel drive vehicle having excellent running performance while taking advantage of the characteristic of improved fuel economy, which is a characteristic of a so-called hybrid vehicle that can perform at least two types of driving. In addition, the conventional propulsion shaft that connects the front and rear wheels provided in a general four-wheel drive vehicle has been eliminated, and the direction change gear between the propulsion shaft and the axles of the front and rear wheels has been eliminated to change the direction. It is another object of the present invention to improve the power transmission efficiency by preventing the friction loss generated by the gears, thereby further improving the fuel efficiency.

Further, the present invention provides a so-called midship in which an engine and a motor are arranged at the rear of the cabin of a vehicle and the center of gravity of the vehicle is positioned near the center of the vehicle so that a quick turn can be made and the maneuverability is improved. The aim is also to obtain a sporty four-wheel drive vehicle called.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a four-wheel drive vehicle according to the present invention as set forth in claim 1 comprises:
An engine and a transmission to which the driving force of the engine is input;
The first that can be intermittent between the crankshaft and the intermediate shaft of the engine
A clutch, a second clutch capable of connecting and disconnecting between the intermediate shaft and the input shaft, a first motor capable of driving the intermediate shaft, and a second motor, wherein the engine and the first motor are formed of a front wheel and a rear wheel. One can be driven, and the second motor can drive the other of the front wheel and the rear wheel.

In the four-wheel drive vehicle of the present invention, the engine and at least the first motor are
It is arranged between the cabin of the automobile and the rear wheel axle, and the engine and the first motor drive the rear wheels, and the second motor drives the front wheels.

[0009]

In the four-wheel drive vehicle according to the present invention, the engine and the first motor drive one of the front wheels and the rear wheels and include the second motor that drives the other. Four-wheel drive can be performed by selecting the drive mode from both the motor-only drive and the engine and motor combined drive, while taking advantage of the fuel economy of the hybrid vehicle and the front and rear wheels. With a simple structure that does not require a power distribution mechanism and a propulsion shaft between the two, four-wheel drive with excellent running performance can be realized.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a four-wheel drive vehicle including an engine and a first motor between a vehicle compartment and a rear wheel axle, wherein the engine and the first motor are mounted on a rear wheel. And the second motor drives the front wheels, so that a four-wheel drive with good fuel economy can be realized with a simple structure as in the first embodiment, and a heavy engine and the first motor and the transmission Since the machine is arranged near the center of the vehicle, the center of gravity of the vehicle is near the center of the vehicle, so that agile maneuverability can be obtained, and a four-wheel drive vehicle having a sporty character called midship can be obtained.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a skeleton diagram showing a main part of a drive mechanism including a first motor, a transmission, and a second motor in a four-wheel drive vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows the entire drive system including the engine and the control system.
FIG. 3 is a skeleton diagram illustrating a main part of the second motor. FIG. 4 is a skeleton diagram showing the four-wheel drive vehicle of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a skeleton diagram showing a four-wheel drive vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

First, the entire vehicle shown in FIG. 4 and the drive system shown in FIG. 2 will be described. The automobile 11 shown in FIG.
The left side of the figure represents the front. In the drive system of FIG. 2, the engine 10 and the transmission 12 are integrally connected.
The transmission 12 is connected to front wheels 13a and 13b as shown in FIG. The transmission 12 includes a shift actuator 14 for performing a shift operation, a first clutch 16 and a second
A first motor 24, a speed sensor 26, and the like are provided in addition to a first clutch actuator 20 and a second clutch actuator 22 for intermittently operating the clutch 18. The engine 10 is provided with a throttle actuator 28 for opening and closing a throttle valve (not shown). The second motor 30a and the second motor 30b are, as shown in FIG.
31b.

The controller 32 includes the speed change actuator 14, the first clutch actuator 20, the second clutch actuator 22, the first motor 24,
A position sensor 36 for detecting the selected position of the shift lever 34 and a throttle sensor for detecting the amount of depression of the throttle pedal 38, which is connected to the speed sensor 26 and the throttle actuator 28 and also to the second motor 30a and the second motor 30b. 40, a brake sensor 44 for detecting a depression force of a brake pedal 42, a battery 46, and the like. Although the illustration of the controller 32 is omitted,
As will be described later, it has a function of controlling the on / off operation of the ignition circuit of the engine 10 and the on / off operation of the cooling device, and is also connected to those related devices.

The shift lever 34, like a general automatic transmission, is used for "P" for parking, "R" for reverse, "N" for neutral, "D" for normal running, braking, etc. Use L
2 and “L1”. Although not shown, a changeover switch for “2-4 automatic” and “always 4WD” is provided in addition to the shift lever 34, and is connected to the controller 32. First
The motor 24, the second motor 30a, and the second motor 30b can be switched to a generator by the operation of the controller 32, and when power is generated, the battery 46 can be charged.

Next, a drive mechanism centering on the transmission 12 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. Reference numeral 48 denotes a crankshaft of the engine 10 shown in FIG. The intermediate shaft 50 is connected to the first clutch disc 52, and the first clutch 16 is operated by the first clutch actuator 20 shown in FIG. It is.

The intermediate shaft 50 is integrally connected to the rotor 24a of the first motor 24, the first sprocket 54, and the drive pulley 56. Reference numeral 24b denotes a stator of the first motor 24, which is fixed to a case (not shown). The input shaft 58 is provided in parallel with the intermediate shaft 50,
Second sprocket 6 integrally connected to clutch 18
The 0th and 2nd speed input gear 62, the 3rd speed input gear 64 and the 1st speed input gear 66 are rotatably supported.

The input shaft 58 has a second speed input gear 62 driven by a first sleeve 68 moved by the speed change actuator 14 of FIG. 2 and a third speed input gear 64 driven by a second sleeve 70 also moved by the speed change actuator 14. Alternatively, they can be selectively connected to the first speed input gear 66, respectively. FIG. 1 shows that the first sleeve 68 and the second sleeve 70
This represents a neutral state where no input gear is connected.
Note that, between the first sleeve 68 and the second speed input gear 62, the second
Sleeve 70, third speed input gear 64 and first speed input gear 6
Although not shown, synchronizing devices each having a conical friction surface for smooth shifting are provided between the gears 6 and 6, respectively.

The first sprocket 54 and the second sprocket 60 are connected by a chain 72. Input shaft 5
8 is connected to the second clutch disc 74,
When the clutch 18 is operated by the second clutch actuator 22 shown in FIG. 2, connection (connection) and disconnection of the intermediate shaft 50 via the first sprocket 54 and the chain 72 and the second sprocket 60 are possible. is there.

An output shaft 76 provided in parallel with the input shaft 58
, A second speed output gear 78, a third speed output gear 80, a reduction input gear 82, and a first speed output gear 84 are integrally provided. The second speed output gear 78 is a second speed input gear 62, the third speed output gear 80 is a third speed input gear 64, and the first speed output gear 84 is one.
The speed input gear 66 is always engaged with the speed input gear 66, and the speed reduction input gear 82 is a speed reduction output gear 88 including a differential 86.
And are engaged. The differential 86 is provided with the left and right front axles 9.
0a, 90b, the front wheels 13a, 1
3b is driven.

A compressor 92 provided in parallel with the intermediate shaft 50 is fixed to a case (not shown), and is connected to a driven pulley 96 via an electromagnetic clutch 94. The driven pulley 96 is driven by a driving pulley 56 by a belt 98. Is done.

In summary, the rotor 24a of the first motor 24 integrated with the intermediate shaft 50 can be connected to and disconnected from the crankshaft 48 of the engine 10 via the first clutch 16, and the chain 72 and the 2 clutch 18
It can also be intermittently connected to the input shaft 58 via the like. Further, the compressor 92 can be driven via the belt 98 and the electromagnetic clutch 94.

Between the input shaft 58 and the output shaft 78, a general three-stage synchronous meshing speed change mechanism is formed. However,
There is no dedicated gear for reverse. Next, the second motor 30a shown in FIG. 3 will be described. Second motor 3
Oa has a rotor 30aa and a stator 30ab, like the first motor 24. The rotor 30aa is connected to the sun gear 102 of the planetary gear 100. A plurality of pinion gears 106 supported by the carrier 104 mesh with the sun gear 102 and the ring gear 108. Ring gear 1
08 and the stator 30ab are integrally connected and fixed to a vehicle body (not shown). The carrier 104 drives the right rear wheel 31a of the vehicle 11 via the rear wheel axle 110a. Although not shown, the second motor 30b having the same structure drives the left rear wheel 31b via the rear wheel axle 110b.

The automobile 11 equipped with the entire drive system including the engine 10 and the transmission 12 and the second motors 30a and 30b has two types of power sources, the engine 10 and the first and second motors 24, 30a and 30b. To form a so-called hybrid four-wheel drive vehicle. still,
In FIG. 4, reference numeral 112 denotes a passenger compartment in which a person rides.

Next, the operation of the entire four-wheel drive vehicle will be described, focusing on the drive system including the transmission 12 having the above configuration. First, an operation in a case where the driver operates the shift lever 34 to the D position for general traveling with the above-described changeover switch in the “2-4 automatic” state will be described. still,
Normally, when the automobile 11 is stopped, the engine 10 is stopped. When the controller 32 is notified that the position sensor 36 has been operated to the D position, the subsequent operations are performed by the controller 3 except that the driver operates the throttle pedal 38 and the brake pedal 42.
2 controls automatically.

Immediately after the second clutch actuator 22
Disengages the second clutch 18 and the speed change actuator 14 moves the second sleeve 70 to the right in FIG. 1 to connect the input shaft 58 and the first speed input gear 66.
Subsequently, the first clutch actuator 20 disconnects the first clutch 16 and the second clutch actuator 22 connects the second clutch 18.

Subsequently, when the driver depresses the throttle pedal 38, the throttle sensor 40 detects the depressed amount and transmits it to the controller 32. Immediately, a current is supplied from the controller 32 to the first motor 24 and the second motors 30a and 30b in accordance with the detected depression amount of the throttle pedal 38, and the vehicle 11 is powered by only the first motor 24 and the second motors 30a and 30b. Start as an electric four-wheel drive vehicle.

Thereafter, the controller 32 performs the following control in accordance with the amount of depression of the throttle pedal 38 and the vehicle speed detected by the speed sensor 26. If the depression amount of the throttle pedal 38 is small at a low speed, the first motor 24 and the second motors 30a, 30b
Drive with just the drive. That is, the rotor 24a of the first motor 24 includes the chain 72 and the first-speed input gear 6.
6, the front wheels 13a, 13b are driven at the first speed via the first speed output gear 84, the reduction input gear 82, the reduction output gear 88, the front wheel axles 90a, 90b, etc., and the second motor 30a,
30b drives rear wheels 31a and 31b via left and right rear wheel axles 110a and 110b, respectively.

If the vehicle runs for a long time in this state, the battery 4
It is conceivable that the power storage amount of No. 6 is insufficient. In such a case, the driving of the front wheels 13a and 13b by the first motor 24 is stopped once, the second clutch actuator 22 disconnects the second clutch 18 and the first clutch actuator 20 connects the first clutch 16 Then, the current is again applied to the first motor 24 to rotate it, thereby rotating the engine 10 and connecting the ignition circuit (not shown) to start the engine 10.

As soon as the engine 10 starts, the first motor 24 is switched to a generator. At this time, if the second clutch 18 is kept disengaged, the power of the engine 10 is not transmitted to the input shaft 58, and only the first motor 24 is driven to generate electric power.
a and 30b and the surplus is supplied to the battery 4
6 is charged.

As described above, the first motor 24 generates electric power by the power of the engine 10, and the second motor 30a,
The mode in which the vehicle travels using only the driving force of the rear wheels according to 30b is a driving mode generally called a series type in a hybrid vehicle. In the series drive mode,
Only the second motors 30a, 30b have rear wheels 31a, 31b.
It becomes an electric two-wheel drive vehicle.

When the remaining amount of power stored in the battery 46 reaches a certain amount due to the charging by the power generation of the first motor 24, the first motor 24 is again activated.
The clutch actuator 20 disconnects the first clutch 16, the second clutch actuator 22 connects the second clutch 18, and supplies current to the first motor 24 again, cuts off the ignition circuit, and stops the engine 10. The operation returns to the electric four-wheel drive state. The switching between the two-wheel drive and the four-wheel drive is automatically performed under the control of the controller 32 in the "2-4 automatic control".

In the two-wheel drive state of the series type drive mode, when the vehicle 11 reaches a certain speed or more, the second clutch 18 is connected while the first clutch 16 is connected. Note that the constant speed refers to a speed at which the engine 10 has a rotational speed at which the engine 10 can exhibit a driving force when the second clutch 18 is connected and mechanical driving is performed by the engine 10 at the first speed. Here, if the first motor 16 remains a generator, the power of the engine 10 generates power while the chain 72 generates power.
And the input shaft 58 is transmitted to the input shaft 58 via the second clutch 18 and the like, and the first-speed input gear 66 and the input shaft 58 are connected by the second sleeve 70 as described above.
3a and 13b are driven. Therefore, the second motor 30
In addition to the driving of the rear wheels 31a, 31b by the front wheels 13a, 13b,
Will be transmitted to

In this case, the front wheels 13a, 13b are driven by a part of the power of the engine 10, and the rear wheels 31a, 31b are in a four-wheel drive state driven by the power of the second motors 30a, 30b. The drive mode is called a parallel type in a hybrid vehicle because it is driven by the motor. As described above, the drive mode can be switched between the series type and the parallel type only by connecting and disconnecting the second clutch 18.

In the above-mentioned parallel drive mode,
When current is applied to the first motor 24 to drive the intermediate shaft 50, all of the power of the engine 10 is transferred to the front wheels 13a, 13b.
, And the power of the first motor 24 also drives the front wheels 13a and 13b, so that the maximum driving force is obtained as the first speed. If the first motor 24 is allowed to rotate freely without generating power or supplying current,
The front wheels 13a, 13b are driven only by the power of the engine 10, and the second motors 30a, 30b are driven by the rear wheels 31a, 31b.
, And the second motor 30
If the current supply to the a and 30b is also cut off, two-wheel drive is performed in which the front wheels 13a and 13b are driven only by the power of the engine 10.

As described above, the first clutch 16 and the second clutch 16
Intermittent control of the clutch 18, supply of current to the first motor 24 and the second motors 30a and 30b, and
By switching the motor 24 to the generator, it is possible to control the fuel consumption to be optimal in the running conditions and the remaining power of the battery.

Next, the operation in the case where the speed of the automobile 11 is increased to shift from the first speed to the second speed will be described. The speed at which the shift from the first speed to the second speed is performed depends on the depression amount of the throttle pedal 38 as in a general automatic transmission.
Automatically determines and decides. First, the second clutch 18 is disengaged, and the throttle actuator 28 of the engine 10 operates to suppress an unnecessary increase in the rotation of the engine 10. Subsequently, the second sleeve 70 is returned to the original neutral position, the first sleeve 68 is moved to the left, and the second speed input gear 6 is moved.
Connect with 2. Next, the second gear is switched by connecting the second clutch 18 while operating the throttle actuator 28 of the engine 10 to increase the rotation speed of the engine 10 appropriately.

At this time, when the second clutch 18 is disengaged, the power of the engine 10 and the first motor 24 is not transmitted to the front wheel axles 90a and 90b, but the second motors 30a and 30b are supplied with the throttle pedal at that time. 38
By supplying a current according to the amount of depression of the
Since the driving of the wheels 1a and 31b is continued, the driving force is not interrupted although the driving is temporarily performed by the two wheels. That is, since the shift from the first speed to the second speed can be performed without interruption of the driving force, the shift can be performed smoothly and with less discomfort.

In the second speed, as in the first speed, the first speed
Running only by the motor 24 and the second motors 30a, 30b, the second motors 30a, 30b and the engine 10
Traveling, traveling with the addition of the first motor 24,
It is needless to say that traveling by only the engine 10 and four driving modes can be selected.

Next, the shift from the second gear to the third gear can be performed in the same manner as the gear shift from the first gear to the second gear. The operation can be selected, but the operation is the same, and the description is omitted.

The above description has been given of the drive mode in the case of starting and accelerating the car 11 or in the case of maintaining a constant speed. Next, the case of deceleration and braking will be described. When the vehicle is coasting by releasing the throttle pedal 38 during running, or when the throttle pedal 38 is not depressed by operating to the L2 or L1 position, the first clutch 16 is immediately disconnected and the ignition circuit of the engine 10 is shut off. Then, the operation of the engine 10 is stopped. The second motors 30a and 30b and the first
The battery 24 is charged by switching the motor 24 to a generator to generate power.

When the speed is lower than a predetermined speed by operating the L2 position, the speed is automatically shifted to the second speed. When the speed is lower than the predetermined speed by operating the L1 position, the speed is similarly shifted to the first speed. The predetermined speed is set in accordance with the speed ratios of the first speed and the second speed so that when the driving is switched to the driving by the engine 10, the engine 10 becomes equal to or lower than the allowable rotation speed.

The controller 32 controls the power generation amount according to the speed and the D position or the L2 or L1 position, and decelerates the vehicle 11 while obtaining an appropriate deceleration feeling. Of course, by operating the L2 or L1 position,
In the case of the first speed or the first speed, the output shaft torque required for driving the first motor 24 as a generator becomes larger, so that a feeling of deceleration greater than that of the third speed can be obtained.

Further, when the brake is depressed by depressing the brake pedal 42, the brake sensor 44 detects the depressing force of the brake pedal 42 and transmits it to the controller 32 so that a stronger braking force (deceleration force) can be obtained. Control the amount of power generated. As a result, the vehicle 11 can be decelerated, and so-called energy regeneration can be performed, in which the kinetic energy of the vehicle 11 that has been conventionally discarded by being converted into heat during braking is converted into electric energy and stored.

Next, the reverse is performed by operating the shift lever 34 to the R position. By operating the second clutch 18 and the second sleeve 70 as in the case of the first speed,
After the same connection state as the first speed is established, the second clutch 18 is connected, and the second motors 30a and 30b and the first motor 24 are rotated in reverse, so that the vehicle can travel in reverse. However, since the engine 10 rotates only in the forward direction, the engine 1
No mechanical drive by 0 is performed. Therefore, when performing reverse running for a long time, the second clutch 18 is disengaged and the first clutch 16 is connected, and the engine 1
Thus, a so-called series-type drive mode in which the first motor 24 is driven by the engine 10 and the rear wheels are driven by the second motors 30a and 30b while generating power by driving the first motor 24 by the engine 10 is selected.

As is apparent from the above description, when the above-mentioned changeover switch is "2-4 automatic",
Particularly at the time of starting or sudden acceleration with a large driving force, the driving of the front wheels 13a, 13b by the first motor 24 or the engine 10, or both, and the second motors 30a, 30b
The rear wheels 31a and 31b are automatically driven by four wheels, so that the vehicle can be easily driven on slippery roads and rough terrain. Can be

In a particularly difficult road condition, the changeover switch is set to "always 4WD". In this case, the above-described series-type drive mode and control excluding front-wheel drive only by the engine 10 are performed, and the vehicle always travels with four-wheel drive except during shifting. However, at a low speed at which the parallel type driving at the first speed is not possible, electric four-wheel driving is inevitably performed only by the first motor 24 and the second motors 30a and 30b. For long hours of continuous driving.

In this case, the controller 32 issues a warning with a buzzer (not shown) to the effect that continuation of four-wheel drive cannot be performed. There is almost no practical problem as the possibility of low speed running is extremely low. Also, by setting the transmission 12 to have a four-stage speed ratio, the speed ratio of the first speed is set to be large, so that the vehicle can run in the parallel drive mode even at a lower speed, and run while generating power. You can do it.

If the above-mentioned warning is issued, the message "Always 4W
D ", the operation of the controller 32 temporarily stops the driving of the motors 24 and 30a and 30b, disconnects the second clutch 18 and connects the first clutch 16 to start the engine 10, and 1 motor 2
The battery 46 is charged by the power generation at 4, and when the four-wheel drive traveling is enabled again, the controller 32 notifies the driver by a lamp (not shown) or the like. For safety, the driver can return the shift lever 34 to the N position and then operate the shift lever 34 again to the D position to perform four-wheel drive traveling as described above. However, this is just an emergency case, and most traveling is usually possible with "2-4 automatic". Therefore, if a warning is issued, the driver
By switching to "2-4 automatic", it is also possible to select a series type two-wheel drive traveling in which the vehicle travels while charging automatically.

Next, control for starting and accelerating on a slippery road surface will be described. Four-wheel drive vehicles are generally easier to start and accelerate than two-wheel drive vehicles on slippery road surfaces, but may still slip. In this case, if it is detected that even one of the four wheels has started to slip, control is performed to reduce the driving torque of that wheel.

That is, the rotational speed of each wheel is constantly compared with the rotational speed of the front wheels detected by the speed sensor 26 and the rotational speeds of the second motors 30a and 30b.
If the number of revolutions exceeds the number of revolutions of the other wheels by a certain ratio or more, it is determined that the right rear wheel is slipping and the second motor 30
By suppressing the supply current to a, the driving force can be reduced, slippage can be prevented and the vehicle 11 can be prevented from skidding, and reliable starting and acceleration can be achieved.

Further, the second motors 30a and 30b can be actively controlled so that the car 11 can smoothly and quickly operate as intended by the driver when changing lanes or changing directions at a high speed. For this purpose, a sensor having a function of detecting the steering angle of the steering device and the lateral acceleration acting on the vehicle body of the automobile 11 is connected to the controller 32, although not shown.

Normally, when the automobile 11 turns, the rotation speed of the inner wheel near the turning center is smaller than the rotation speed of the outer wheel. Conversely, if the number of rotations of the outer wheel is controlled to be forcibly increased, the vehicle 11 can actively change its direction.

The second motor 30a for driving the rear wheel outside the turning direction by detecting the steering angle of the steering device and the lateral acceleration acting on the vehicle body of the automobile 11 described above.
Alternatively, control is performed so as to increase the driving force by increasing the current flowing through either of 30b and 30b to assist in turning the direction of the vehicle. The purpose of detecting the lateral acceleration acting on the vehicle body of the automobile 11 is to prevent the control from going too far and secure a safe turning. Such control can be easily performed by connecting the rear wheels 31a and 31b to the second motor 30 respectively.
This is because the drive force can be easily controlled electrically because the drive force can be controlled by a and 30b.

In order to cool the automobile 11, it is necessary to operate the compressor 92. In this case, the intermediate shaft 50 and the compressor 92 are connected by connecting the electromagnetic clutch 94. For this reason, the compressor 9
2 is driven by the first motor 24 and the engine 10
In addition, when the automobile 11 is running by inertia and performing energy regeneration, the front wheel axles 90a, 90a
It can also be driven by driving from 0b. Therefore, the compressor 92 can be operated even when the engine 10 is stopped at low speed running, so that the engine 10 can be automatically stopped idling even in a hot summer season, and fuel efficiency can be improved.

In addition, the propulsion shaft for connecting the front wheel and the rear wheel provided in a general four-wheel drive vehicle is eliminated, and two direction change gears provided between the propulsion shaft and the axles of the front wheel and the rear wheel are provided. The ability to eliminate is also an excellent feature. Generally, a bevel gear such as a hypoid gear is used as the direction change gear. In particular, the hypoid gear has a large friction loss and thus has poor power transmission efficiency. Therefore, the four-wheel drive vehicle in the embodiment of FIG. 1 does not have these direction change gears, so that the power transmission efficiency is improved as compared with the conventional four-wheel drive vehicle, and the fuel efficiency can be further improved in this aspect.

FIG. 5 shows a four-wheel drive vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 is a four-wheel drive vehicle in which the engine 10 and the first motor 24 drive the front wheels and the second motors 30a and 30b drive the rear wheels, as shown in FIG. The transmission 12 including the engine 10 and the first motor 24 is disposed behind the passenger compartment 112 of the automobile 11, and the engine 10 and the first motor 24 drive rear wheels 31a and 31b, and the second motors 30a and 30b
0b drives the front wheels 13a, 13b.

In this case, the transmission 12 including the heavy engine 10 and the first motor 24 is disposed between the cabin 112 and the rear axles 110a and 110b, and is generally called a midship. Since the center of gravity is near the center of the vehicle body, it is easy to change the direction of the vehicle 11, and the layout configuration is optimal for a sports car with excellent maneuverability.

Accordingly, as described above, the engine 10 and the first
Motor 24 drives rear wheels 31a, 31b, and second motor motors 30a, 30b drive front wheels 13a, 13b.
, It is possible to obtain a highly maneuverable, sporty vehicle that combines the characteristics of good fuel economy of a hybrid vehicle and the good running performance of a four-wheel drive vehicle.

As is apparent from the above description, the four-wheel drive vehicle of the present invention takes advantage of the characteristics of a hybrid vehicle having good fuel economy without requiring a power distribution device or a propulsion shaft between the front wheels and the rear wheels. Four-wheel drive is possible.

The four-wheel drive vehicle of the present invention uses an electric double-layer capacitor called a power capacitor in place of a battery or can prevent wheel slip at one place in a two-wheel drive state based on the general knowledge of those skilled in the art. Control may be performed to temporarily switch to four-wheel drive after detection, and the embodiment may be implemented in a modified or improved manner.

[0061]

As described above, according to the four-wheel drive vehicle of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) In the four-wheel drive vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention, the engine and the first motor drive one of the front wheel and the rear wheel and include the second motor that drives the other. Four-wheel drive can be performed by both motor-driven and engine / motor combined drive, making good use of the characteristics of a hybrid vehicle with good fuel efficiency, as well as a power distribution mechanism and propulsion between the front and rear wheels. Four-wheel drive with excellent running performance can be realized with a simple structure that does not require a shaft.

(2) In the four-wheel drive vehicle according to the second aspect of the present invention, the engine and the first motor are provided between the cabin and the rear wheel axle, and the engine and the first motor are provided at the rear. Since the front wheels are driven by the second motor while driving the wheels, four-wheel drive with good fuel economy can be performed with a simple structure as in the first embodiment. Since the motor and transmission are located near the center of the car, the center of gravity of the car is near the center of the car, providing agile maneuverability and a four-wheel drive vehicle with a sporty character called midship. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a skeleton diagram of a transmission including a first motor of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the entire drive system of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a skeleton diagram illustrating a structure of a second motor.

FIG. 4 is a skeleton diagram showing the entire vehicle according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a skeleton diagram illustrating an entire vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10: Engine 11: Automobile 12: Transmission 13a, 13b: Front Wheel 14: Transmission Actuator 16: First Clutch 18: Second Clutch 20: First Clutch Actuator 22: Second Clutch Actuator 24: First Motor 26: Speed Sensor 28: throttle actuator 30a, 30b: second motor 31a, 31b: rear wheel 32: controller 34: shift lever 36: position sensor 38: throttle pedal 40: throttle sensor 42: brake pedal 44: brake sensor 46: battery 48: crank Shaft 50: Intermediate shaft 52: First clutch disc 54: First sprocket 56: Drive pulley 58: Input shaft 60: Second sprocket 62: Second speed input gear 64: Third speed input gear 66: Fast input Power gear 68: First sleeve 70: Second sleeve 72: Chain 74: Second clutch disc 76: Output shaft 78: Second speed output gear 80: Third speed output gear 82: Reduction input gear 84: First speed output gear 86: Differential device 88: Reduction output gear 90a, 90b: Front wheel output shaft 92: Compressor 94: Electromagnetic clutch 96: Driven pulley 98: Belt 100: Planetary gear 102: Sun gear 104: Carrier 106: Pinion gear 108: Ring gear 110a, 110b: Rear Wheel axle

Claims (2)

[Claims] An engine, a transmission to which the driving force of the engine is input, a first clutch capable of intermittent connection between a crankshaft and an intermediate shaft of the engine, and a connection between the intermediate shaft and the input shaft. And a second motor that can drive the intermediate shaft, and a second motor. The engine and the first motor can drive one of a front wheel and a rear wheel. A four-wheel drive vehicle wherein two motors can drive the other of the front wheel and the rear wheel. 2. The engine and at least the first
A motor disposed between the cabin of the vehicle and a rear wheel axle, and the engine and the first motor drive rear wheels, and the second motor drives front wheels. The four-wheel drive vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: