JPH11125674A - Synthetic aperture radar device - Google Patents
Synthetic aperture radar deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11125674A JPH11125674A JP9291997A JP29199797A JPH11125674A JP H11125674 A JPH11125674 A JP H11125674A JP 9291997 A JP9291997 A JP 9291997A JP 29199797 A JP29199797 A JP 29199797A JP H11125674 A JPH11125674 A JP H11125674A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- transmitting
- antenna
- receiving
- station
- synthetic aperture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】この発明は航空機や衛星に搭
載する合成開口レーダ装置に係り、地表等を観測して、
その３次元地形を測定する装置に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a synthetic aperture radar device mounted on an aircraft or a satellite,
The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the three-dimensional terrain.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、この種の合成開口レーダ装置とし
ては、図１７に示すようなものがあった。図１７は特開
平７−７２２４４号公報に掲載された構成図で、１、２
は送受信アンテナ、４、５は送受信部、６は画像処理
部、７は干渉処理部、８は地形変動解析処理部、１１は
観測する地表などの観測領域である。また、図１８はこ
の装置による観測のジオメトリを示したものである。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this kind of synthetic aperture radar apparatus, there is one as shown in FIG. FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-72244.
Is a transmitting / receiving antenna, 4 and 5 are transmitting and receiving units, 6 is an image processing unit, 7 is an interference processing unit, 8 is a terrain change analysis processing unit, and 11 is an observation area such as the ground surface to be observed. FIG. 18 shows the geometry of observation by this device.
【０００３】次に動作について説明する。送受信アンテ
ナ１は送受信部４で発生した高周波パルス信号を観測領
域１１へ向けて照射し、その反射波を受信する。また、
送受信アンテナ２は送受信部５で発生した高周波パルス
信号を観測領域１１へ向けて照射し、その反射波を受信
する。二つのアンテナは図１８に示すように、地上の同
じ領域を照射するようにビームの角度を調節されている
ものとする。Next, the operation will be described. The transmission / reception antenna 1 irradiates the high frequency pulse signal generated by the transmission / reception unit 4 toward the observation region 11 and receives the reflected wave. Also,
The transmission / reception antenna 2 irradiates the high-frequency pulse signal generated by the transmission / reception unit 5 toward the observation region 11 and receives the reflected wave. Assume that the two antennas are adjusted in beam angle so as to illuminate the same area on the ground as shown in FIG.
【０００４】画像処理部６はそれぞれのアンテナで受信
した信号から観測領域の高分解能レーダ画像を再生す
る。通常、この種のレーダでは、送信パルスは距離分解
能を改善するためにリニアFM変調して帯域幅を拡張して
おり、周波数対遅延時間特性が送信側と対になる分散型
遅延線を利用して分解能の高いパルス波形を復元する。
また、プラットフォームの移動に伴い発生するドップラ
ー周波数の時間変化を利用して、これと共役なリファレ
ンス関数とのマッチドフィルタによりアジマス分解能を
改善する。このように合成開口レーダの画像再生処理と
して良く知られた分解能向上の処理により高分解能レー
ダ画像が得られる。[0004] The image processing section 6 reproduces a high-resolution radar image of an observation area from signals received by the respective antennas. Usually, in this type of radar, the transmission pulse is linearly FM-modulated to improve the distance resolution and the bandwidth is extended, and a distributed delay line whose frequency vs. delay time characteristics are paired with the transmission side is used. To restore a high-resolution pulse waveform.
Further, the azimuth resolution is improved by using a time-dependent change in the Doppler frequency caused by the movement of the platform and using a matched filter with a conjugate reference function. As described above, a high-resolution radar image can be obtained by the resolution improvement processing well known as the synthetic aperture radar image reproduction processing.
【０００５】干渉処理部７は画像処理部６で得られた２
枚の複素ＳＡＲ画像の位相差を求める。さらに、送受信
アンテナ１と２、および高低差のない理想的な地球ジオ
イド面における観測領域１１上の任意の点の位置関係か
ら決まる位相変化を取り除くと、等高線に相当する等位
相線を求めることができる。この操作は合成開口レーダ
のインターフェロメトリ処理として知られており、位相
差φと地形の高さｈの間の次の関係式を利用して、等位
相線から３次元地形を知る方法である。但し、Ｂは送受
信アンテナ１と２の間隔、すなわちベースラインの長
さ、λは波長、ｒはアンテナと観測領域の距離、θはオ
フナディア角、αはベースラインの水平面からの傾きで
ある。[0005] The interference processing unit 7 obtains the 2
The phase difference between the complex SAR images is obtained. Furthermore, if the phase change determined from the positional relationship between the transmitting and receiving antennas 1 and 2 and an arbitrary point on the observation region 11 on the ideal earth geoid surface having no height difference is removed, it is possible to obtain a contour line corresponding to a contour line. it can. This operation is known as interferometry processing of a synthetic aperture radar, and is a method of knowing a three-dimensional terrain from an equal phase line using the following relational expression between the phase difference φ and the terrain height h. . Here, B is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas 1 and 2, that is, the length of the baseline, λ is the wavelength, r is the distance between the antenna and the observation area, θ is the off-nadir angle, and α is the inclination of the baseline from the horizontal plane.
【０００６】[0006]
【数１】 (Equation 1)
【０００７】さらに、地形変動解析処理部８は、過去に
観測した３次元地形をデータベース１０に記憶し、標高
差算出部９が新たに観測した３次元地形との差を求める
ので、２回の観測の間の地形変動を求めることができ
る。Further, the terrain change analysis processing unit 8 stores the three-dimensional terrain observed in the past in the database 10 and obtains the difference from the newly observed three-dimensional terrain by the elevation difference calculation unit 9. Topographic changes during observation can be determined.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の合成開口レーダ
装置はこのように構成されているので、移動プラットフ
ォーム上に２台の送受信アンテナを搭載する必要があっ
て、構成が複雑になって重量も増加する問題があった。Since the conventional synthetic aperture radar apparatus is configured as described above, it is necessary to mount two transmitting / receiving antennas on a mobile platform, which complicates the configuration and reduces the weight. There was an increasing problem.
【０００９】また、式（１）からわかるように、地形の
高さの精度はプラットフォームと観測領域の距離に反比
例して、ベースライン長に比例する。したがって衛星の
ように遠い軌道から観測する場合には、搭載した２台の
アンテナではベースライン長が不足して地形高さの要求
精度を満足できない場合が多い。あるいは、ほとんどの
衛星はアンテナを１台しか搭載していないので、１回の
観測で１枚の画像しか得ることができない。そこで従来
は、衛星が地球を周回して、再び近接した軌道に回帰し
てくるのを待って、２枚目の画像を観測するRepeat Pas
s Interferometory の手法がとられている。しかし、こ
の場合には２回の観測の間に数日から数十日の間隔が空
くので、観測結果を得るまでの時間遅れが大きいという
問題があった。あるいはまた、その間の地表面の変化に
よって２枚の画像の相関が低下して、高さの誤差が増大
するという問題があった。Also, as can be seen from equation (1), the accuracy of the terrain height is inversely proportional to the distance between the platform and the observation area, and proportional to the baseline length. Therefore, when observing from a distant orbit like a satellite, in many cases, the required accuracy of the terrain height cannot be satisfied due to the shortage of the base line length with the two mounted antennas. Alternatively, since most satellites have only one antenna, only one image can be obtained in one observation. Conventionally, the Repeat Pas is used to observe the second image after the satellite orbits the earth and returns to the orbit close to it again.
s The method of Interferometory is used. However, in this case, an interval of several days to several tens of days is left between two observations, so that there is a problem that a time delay until obtaining an observation result is large. Alternatively, there is a problem that the correlation between the two images is reduced due to a change in the ground surface during that time, and the height error increases.
【００１０】あるいはまた、限られた送信電力のもとで
信号のＳ／Ｎ（Signal to Noise ratio ）を一定値以上
に保つためにはアンテナ利得を稼ぐためにビーム幅を狭
くせざるを得ず、このため、観測領域が狭い範囲に制限
されるという問題があった。Alternatively, in order to keep the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N) of the signal above a certain value under a limited transmission power, the beam width must be narrowed in order to increase the antenna gain. Therefore, there is a problem that the observation area is limited to a narrow range.
【００１１】この発明は上記のような問題点を解消する
ためになされたもので、１台の受信アンテナで、インタ
ーフェロメトリ処理に必要な２枚の合成開口レーダ画像
を同時に観測できる合成開口レーダ装置を得ることを目
的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and a synthetic aperture radar capable of simultaneously observing two synthetic aperture radar images required for interferometry processing with one receiving antenna. The aim is to obtain a device.
【００１２】また、衛星が再び回帰してくるのを待つこ
となく、一度の観測で３次元地形を得ることのできる合
成開口レーダ装置を得ることを目的とする。It is another object of the present invention to provide a synthetic aperture radar device capable of obtaining a three-dimensional topography by one observation without waiting for the satellite to return again.
【００１３】あるいはまた、一度の観測で広い範囲の高
分解能レーダ画像を得ることのできる合成開口レーダ装
置を得ることを目的とする。Another object of the present invention is to provide a synthetic aperture radar device capable of obtaining a wide range of high-resolution radar images by one observation.
【００１４】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明の請求項１に係
る合成開口レーダ装置は、送信局と受信局を、地上、航
空機あるいは衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離し
て設けて構成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レ
ーダ装置において、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する
第１の送信アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を
送信する第２の送信アンテナを有し、少なくとも２つの
送信局のそれぞれの第１の送信アンテナが所定のベース
ライン長の隔たりで配置されるように地上に設置された
複数の送信局と、観測領域から反射された上記複数の送
信局からの高周波パルスを同時に受信する第１の受信ア
ンテナと上記複数の送信局からのリファレンス信号を同
時に受信する第２の受信アンテナと、上記第１の受信ア
ンテナと第２の受信アンテナからの一連のパルス列を送
信局ごとに分離するパルス弁別手段と、第２の受信アン
テナで受信したそれぞれの送信局からのリファレンス信
号に同期して第１の受信アンテナで受信した受信信号を
復調する復調器とを少なくとも有し、移動プラットフォ
ームに設置された受信局とを備え、上記復調器の出力に
基づいて画像処理部で高分解能レーダ画像を求め、得ら
れた少なくとも２枚の合成開口レーダ画像の位相差から
干渉処理部で地形の高さを求めるインターフェロメトリ
処理により、１回の観測で３次元地形図を得ることを特
徴とするものである。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic aperture radar apparatus comprising a transmitting station and a receiving station separately provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft or a satellite. Has a first transmitting antenna for transmitting a high-frequency pulse to an observation region and a second transmitting antenna for transmitting its reference signal to a receiving station, wherein each of the at least two transmitting stations has a first transmitting antenna. A plurality of transmitting stations installed on the ground such that the transmitting antennas are arranged at a predetermined base line distance, and a first reception for simultaneously receiving high-frequency pulses from the plurality of transmitting stations reflected from an observation area. An antenna, a second receiving antenna for simultaneously receiving reference signals from the plurality of transmitting stations, a first receiving antenna, and a second receiving antenna. Pulse discriminating means for separating a series of pulse trains from the antenna for each transmitting station, and demodulating a received signal received by the first receiving antenna in synchronization with a reference signal from each transmitting station received by the second receiving antenna And a receiving station installed on a mobile platform. The image processing unit obtains a high-resolution radar image based on an output of the demodulator, and obtains at least two obtained synthetic aperture radars. A three-dimensional topographic map is obtained by one observation by interferometry processing for obtaining the height of the terrain by the interference processing unit from the phase difference of the image.
【００１５】また、この発明の請求項２に係る合成開口
レーダ装置は、送信局と受信局を、地上、航空機あるい
は衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設けて構
成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レーダ装置に
おいて、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する第１の送信
アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を送信する第
２の送信アンテナを有し、地上に設置された送信局と、
観測領域から反射された上記送信局からの高周波パルス
を受信する第１の受信アンテナと上記送信局からのリフ
ァレンス信号を受信する第２の受信アンテナと、第２の
受信アンテナで受信した送信局からのリファレンス信号
に同期して第１の受信アンテナで受信した受信信号を復
調する復調器とを少なくとも有し、少なくとも２つの受
信局のそれぞれの第１の受信アンテナが所定のベースラ
イン長の隔たりで配置されるようにそれぞれ異なる移動
プラットフォームに設置された複数の受信局とを備え、
上記復調器の出力に基づいて画像処理部で高分解能レー
ダ画像を求め、少なくとも２つの受信局で得られた２枚
の合成開口レーダ画像の位相差から干渉処理部で地形の
高さを求めるインターフェロメトリ処理により、１回の
観測で３次元地形図を得ることを特徴とするものであ
る。According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic aperture radar apparatus of a multi-static type in which a transmitting station and a receiving station are provided separately on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft or a satellite. In the device, a first transmitting antenna for transmitting a high-frequency pulse to the observation area and a second transmitting antenna for transmitting the reference signal to the receiving station, a transmitting station installed on the ground,
A first receiving antenna for receiving a high-frequency pulse from the transmitting station reflected from the observation area, a second receiving antenna for receiving a reference signal from the transmitting station, and a transmitting station receiving at the second receiving antenna And a demodulator that demodulates the received signal received by the first receiving antenna in synchronization with the reference signal of (a), wherein the first receiving antennas of at least two receiving stations are separated by a predetermined baseline length. Comprising a plurality of receiving stations installed on different mobile platforms to be arranged,
An image processing unit obtains a high-resolution radar image based on the output of the demodulator, and an interference processing unit obtains a terrain height from a phase difference between two synthetic aperture radar images obtained by at least two receiving stations. It is characterized in that a three-dimensional topographic map is obtained by one observation by the ferometry process.
【００１６】また、この発明の請求項３に係る合成開口
レーダ装置は、送信局と受信局を、地上、航空機あるい
は衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設けて構
成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レーダ装置に
おいて、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する第１の送信
アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を送信する第
２の送信アンテナを有し、少なくとも２つの送信局のそ
れぞれの第１の送信アンテナが所定のベースライン長の
隔たりで配置されるように地上に設置された複数の送信
局と、上記複数の送信局からの観測領域への高周波パル
スの送信のタイミングを観測領域からの反射が互いに干
渉しないように制御する送信同期手段と、観測領域から
反射された上記複数の送信局からの高周波パルスを受信
する第１の受信アンテナと上記複数の送信局からのリフ
ァレンス信号を受信する第２の受信アンテナと、第２の
受信アンテナで受信したそれぞれの送信局からのリファ
レンス信号に同期して第１の受信アンテナで受信した受
信信号を復調する復調器とを少なくとも有し、移動プラ
ットフォームに設置された受信局とを備え、上記復調器
の出力に基づいて画像処理部で高分解能レーダ画像を求
め、得られた少なくとも２枚の合成開口レーダ画像の位
相差から干渉処理部で地形の高さを求めるインターフェ
ロメトリ処理により、１回の観測で３次元地形図を得る
ことを特徴とするものである。A synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention is a multi-static synthetic aperture radar in which a transmitting station and a receiving station are separately provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft, or a satellite. The apparatus has a first transmitting antenna for transmitting a high-frequency pulse to an observation region and a second transmitting antenna for transmitting the reference signal to a receiving station, wherein each of the at least two transmitting stations has a first transmitting antenna. The plurality of transmitting stations installed on the ground so as to be arranged at a distance of the baseline length, and the timing of transmitting the high-frequency pulse from the plurality of transmitting stations to the observation region does not interfere with the reflection from the observation region. Receiving means for receiving the high-frequency pulses from the plurality of transmitting stations reflected from the observation area. A second receiving antenna for receiving the reference signals from the antenna and the plurality of transmitting stations, and receiving signals received by the first receiving antenna in synchronization with the reference signals from the respective transmitting stations received by the second receiving antenna. A demodulator for demodulating a signal, and a receiving station installed on a mobile platform. The image processing unit obtains a high-resolution radar image based on an output of the demodulator, and obtains at least two obtained radar images. It is characterized in that a three-dimensional topographic map is obtained by one observation by interferometry processing for obtaining the height of the terrain by the interference processing unit from the phase difference of the synthetic aperture radar image.
【００１７】また、この発明の請求項４に係る合成開口
レーダ装置は、請求項１、２又は３記載の合成開口レー
ダ装置において、観測領域に対する送信局と受信局の幾
何学的な位置関係に基づいて、所定のレンジ分解能を得
られる送信帯域幅を算出し、送信局の送信帯域幅を設定
する帯域幅算出手段を備えたことを特徴とするものであ
る。According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to the first, second, or third aspect, wherein a geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station and the receiving station with respect to the observation area is provided. A bandwidth calculating unit configured to calculate a transmission bandwidth capable of obtaining a predetermined range resolution based on the transmission bandwidth, and to set a transmission bandwidth of the transmitting station.
【００１８】また、この発明の請求項５に係る合成開口
レーダ装置は、請求項１、３又は４記載の合成開口レー
ダ装置において、送信局と受信局と観測領域の幾何学的
な位置関係の変化に応じて、観測領域を見通せる送信局
を選出し、選出した送信局の観測領域への入射電力を算
出して上記入射電力が大きな送信局を優先的に選択して
送信するよう送信局を切り替える送信局選択手段を備え
たことを特徴とするものである。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to the first, third, or fourth aspect, wherein the geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area is determined. According to the change, select a transmitting station that can see the observation area, calculate the incident power to the observation area of the selected transmitting station, and select the transmitting station with the higher incident power preferentially to transmit. A transmission station switching means for switching is provided.
【００１９】また、この発明の請求項６に係る合成開口
レーダ装置は、請求項１記載の合成開口レーダ装置にお
いて、送信局と受信局と観測領域の幾何学的な位置関係
が適当な２つの送信局について、その一方の送信局の第
１の送信アンテナに代えて複数の第１の送信アンテナと
上記複数の第１の送信アンテナから１つを選択して使用
するように切り替える送信アンテナ選択手段とを備え、
観測領域から見た場合の上記２つの送信局の第１の送信
アンテナの鉛直方向の見込み角が大きくなるように上記
一方の送信局の複数の第１の送信アンテナから１つを選
択して使用することを特徴とするものである。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area have two suitable geometrical positional relationships. Transmitting antenna selecting means for switching the transmitting station so as to select and use one of the plurality of first transmitting antennas and the plurality of first transmitting antennas instead of the first transmitting antenna of one of the transmitting stations. With
One of the plurality of first transmitting antennas of the one transmitting station is selected and used so that the vertical transmission angle of the first transmitting antenna of the two transmitting stations when viewed from the observation area is increased. It is characterized by doing.
【００２０】また、この発明の請求項７に係る合成開口
レーダ装置は、請求項１又は請求項２記載の合成開口レ
ーダ装置において、送信局と受信局と観測領域の幾何学
的な位置関係が適当な１つの送信局について、その送信
局の第１の送信アンテナに代えて複数の第１の送信アン
テナと上記複数の第１の送信アンテナから１つを選択し
て使用するように切り替える第１の送信アンテナ選択手
段と上記複数の第１の送信アンテナの他に設けた第１の
送信アンテナとこの第１の送信アンテナと上記複数の第
１の送信アンテナとを切り替える第２の送信アンテナ選
択手段とを備え、観測領域から見た場合の上記複数の第
１の送信アンテナの他に設けた第１の送信アンテナと上
記複数の第１の送信アンテナの１つの第１の送信アンテ
ナの鉛直方向の見込み角が大きくなるように上記複数の
第１の送信アンテナから１つを選択して使用することを
特徴とするものである。According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area is different. For a suitable one transmitting station, a first switching antenna that switches to use a plurality of first transmitting antennas and one of the plurality of first transmitting antennas instead of the first transmitting antenna of the transmitting station. Transmitting antenna selecting means, a first transmitting antenna provided in addition to the plurality of first transmitting antennas, and a second transmitting antenna selecting means for switching between the first transmitting antenna and the plurality of first transmitting antennas And a first transmission antenna provided in addition to the plurality of first transmission antennas when viewed from the observation area and a first transmission antenna of one of the plurality of first transmission antennas in a vertical direction. You see It is characterized in that selects and uses one of the plurality of first transmission antenna as seen corners increases.
【００２１】また、この発明の請求項８に係る合成開口
レーダ装置は、請求項１又は請求項２記載の合成開口レ
ーダ装置において、送信局と受信局を、地上、航空機あ
るいは衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設け
て構成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レーダ装
置において、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する第１の
送信アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を送信す
る第２の送信アンテナを有し、複数の観測領域のそれぞ
れへ高周波パルスを送信する複数の対をなす送信局と、
上記それぞれの観測領域から反射された上記複数の対を
なす送信局からの高周波パルスを同時に受信する複数の
素子アンテナからなるディジタルビームフォーミングア
ンテナ（ＤＢＦアンテナと称す）と上記複数の対をなす
送信局からのリファレンス信号を同時に受信する第２の
受信アンテナと、上記ＤＢＦアンテナの出力が入力さ
れ、ビームステアリング操作で受信ビームを形成するビ
ーム形成手段と、上記ＤＢＦアンテナと第２の受信アン
テナからの一連のパルス列を送信局ごとに分離するパル
ス弁別手段と、第２の受信アンテナで受信したそれぞれ
の送信局からのリファレンス信号に同期してＤＢＦアン
テナで受信した受信信号を復調する復調器とを少なくと
も有する受信局を備え、上記複数の異なる観測領域を同
時観測し、上記復調器の出力に基づいて画像処理部で高
分解能レーダ画像を求め、得られた少なくとも２枚の合
成開口レーダ画像の位相差から干渉処理部で地形の高さ
を求めるインターフェロメトリ処理により、１回の観測
で３次元地形図を得ることを特徴とするものである。According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the transmitting station and the receiving station are provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, aircraft, or satellite. A multi-aperture synthetic aperture radar apparatus configured to be provided separately, having a first transmitting antenna for transmitting a high-frequency pulse to an observation region and a second transmitting antenna for transmitting a reference signal to a receiving station, A plurality of pairs of transmitting stations transmitting high-frequency pulses to each of the plurality of observation regions,
A digital beamforming antenna (referred to as a DBF antenna) including a plurality of element antennas for simultaneously receiving high-frequency pulses from the plurality of pairs of transmitting stations reflected from the respective observation regions, and the plurality of pairs of transmitting stations A second receiving antenna for simultaneously receiving reference signals from the first and second antennas, a beam forming means to which an output of the DBF antenna is input and forming a receiving beam by a beam steering operation, a series of signals from the DBF antenna and the second receiving antenna. And a demodulator that demodulates a received signal received by the DBF antenna in synchronization with a reference signal from each transmitting station received by the second receiving antenna. Equipped with a receiving station to simultaneously observe the different observation areas and demodulate A high-resolution radar image is obtained by the image processing unit based on the output of the above, and the interferometry process of obtaining the height of the terrain by the interference processing unit from the phase difference between the obtained at least two synthetic aperture radar images is performed once. It is characterized by obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map by observation.
【００２２】[0022]
実施の形態１．以下、この発明の実施の形態１の合成開
口レーダ装置による観測ジオメトリを図１について説明
する。図１において、１２は送信アンテナ、１３は受信
アンテナ、１４はリファレンス信号の送信アンテナ、１
５はリファレンス信号の受信アンテナ、１６は送信局、
１７は受信局である。この実施の形態では、２つの送信
局は地上にベースライン長Ｂの間隔をあけて固定されて
おり、受信局１７は航空機などの移動プラットフォーム
に搭載されているものとする。Embodiment 1 FIG. Hereinafter, an observation geometry by the synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, 12 is a transmitting antenna, 13 is a receiving antenna, 14 is a transmitting antenna of a reference signal, 1
5 is a reference signal receiving antenna, 16 is a transmitting station,
17 is a receiving station. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the two transmitting stations are fixed on the ground at an interval of a baseline length B, and the receiving station 17 is mounted on a mobile platform such as an aircraft.
【００２３】この送信局１６の構成を図２に、受信局１
７の構成を図３にそれぞれ示す。図２において、１２は
送信アンテナ、１４はリファレンス信号の送信アンテ
ナ、１６は送信局、１８は送信部である。図３におい
て、１３は受信アンテナ、１５はリファレンス信号の受
信アンテナ、１７は受信局である。また、１９は受信
部、２０はパルス弁別手段、２１は復調器である。な
お、６と７は図１７のものと同一または同等の手段であ
る。FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the transmitting station 16 and FIG.
7 are shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, 12 is a transmission antenna, 14 is a reference signal transmission antenna, 16 is a transmission station, and 18 is a transmission unit. In FIG. 3, 13 is a receiving antenna, 15 is a receiving antenna of a reference signal, and 17 is a receiving station. Reference numeral 19 denotes a receiving unit, 20 denotes pulse discriminating means, and 21 denotes a demodulator. Note that 6 and 7 are the same or equivalent means as those in FIG.
【００２４】次に動作について説明する。送信部１８で
発生した高周波パルスは、送信アンテナ１２から観測領
域１１へ照射される。また、送信信号の一部はリファレ
ンス信号として送信アンテナ１４から受信局１７へ放射
される。観測領域１１で反射した信号は受信アンテナ１
３で受信され、受信部１９で増幅される。パルス弁別手
段２０は、受信信号が、送信局１６ａから送信されたも
のであるのか、送信局１６ｂで送信されたものであるの
か弁別する。そのためには、各パルスに識別用の符号を
付加してもよいし、異なる変調をかけておいても良い
し、あるいは、あらかじめ送信時刻を決めておいても良
い。Next, the operation will be described. The high-frequency pulse generated by the transmission unit 18 is emitted from the transmission antenna 12 to the observation area 11. A part of the transmission signal is radiated from the transmission antenna 14 to the receiving station 17 as a reference signal. The signal reflected by the observation area 11 is the receiving antenna 1
3 and amplified by the receiving unit 19. The pulse discriminating means 20 discriminates whether the received signal is transmitted from the transmitting station 16a or transmitted by the transmitting station 16b. For this purpose, an identification code may be added to each pulse, different modulation may be applied, or the transmission time may be determined in advance.
【００２５】それぞれの送信局１６ａ、１６ｂの送信ア
ンテナ１４ａ、１４ｂから送信されたリファレンス信号
は受信アンテナ１５で受信されて、受信アンテナ１３で
の受信信号と同様にパルス弁別手段２０で弁別される。
復調器２１は、それぞれの送信局１６ａ、１６ｂからの
受信信号とリファレンス信号を組み合わせて復調、検波
する。このように送信局１６と受信局１７が分離された
レーダ装置はマルチスタティック方式と呼ばれている。
この実施の形態の復調器２１も、これら公知の技術を利
用して実現される。The reference signals transmitted from the transmitting antennas 14a and 14b of the transmitting stations 16a and 16b are received by the receiving antenna 15 and discriminated by the pulse discriminating means 20 in the same manner as the signal received by the receiving antenna 13.
The demodulator 21 demodulates and detects the received signal from each of the transmitting stations 16a and 16b in combination with the reference signal. The radar device in which the transmitting station 16 and the receiving station 17 are separated in this way is called a multi-static system.
The demodulator 21 of this embodiment is also realized by using these known techniques.
【００２６】さらに、画像処理部６が、検波された受信
信号から高分解能レーダ画像を再生し、干渉処理部７が
２枚の高分解能レーダ画像の位相差から３次元地形を算
出する。その動作は従来例における画像処理部６、干渉
処理部７と同様である。Further, the image processing section 6 reproduces a high-resolution radar image from the detected received signal, and the interference processing section 7 calculates a three-dimensional topography from the phase difference between the two high-resolution radar images. The operation is the same as that of the image processing unit 6 and the interference processing unit 7 in the conventional example.
【００２７】このように本実施の形態の構成によれば、
異なる位置に配置された複数の送信局１６が高周波パル
ス信号を送信し、移動プラットフォームに搭載された受
信局１７が地上で反射した信号を受信して、パルス弁別
手段２０がそれぞれの送信局からの受信信号あるいはリ
ファレンス信号を弁別するので、送信局と受信局の幾何
学的位置関係の異なる条件で観測された高分解能レーダ
画像を同時に得ることができて、１回の観測で３次元地
形図を得ることができる。また、送信局を地上や大型航
空機に設置した場合には、大きな送信電力を実現するこ
とができるので、Ｓ／Ｎ（Signal to Noise ratio） の
良い高分解能レーダ画像を得ることができる。As described above, according to the configuration of the present embodiment,
A plurality of transmitting stations 16 arranged at different positions transmit a high-frequency pulse signal, a receiving station 17 mounted on a mobile platform receives a signal reflected on the ground, and the pulse discriminating means 20 transmits a signal from each transmitting station. Since the received signal or the reference signal is discriminated, high-resolution radar images observed under different conditions of the geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station and the receiving station can be obtained at the same time, and a three-dimensional topographic map can be obtained by one observation. Obtainable. Further, when the transmitting station is installed on the ground or on a large aircraft, a large transmission power can be realized, so that a high-resolution radar image with a good S / N (Signal to Noise ratio) can be obtained.
【００２８】なお、画像処理部６と干渉処理部７は必ず
しも移動プラットフォーム上に搭載する必要はなく、地
上などに分離して設置してもかまわず、受信局を軽量化
できる。また、送信局と受信局が地上、航空機あるいは
衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設けられて
いれば良く、受信局の代わりに送信局が移動プラットフ
ォームに搭載されていてもかまわない。The image processing unit 6 and the interference processing unit 7 do not necessarily need to be mounted on a mobile platform, but may be installed separately on the ground or the like, and the weight of the receiving station can be reduced. Further, the transmitting station and the receiving station may be provided separately on a mobile platform such as the ground, an aircraft, or a satellite, and the transmitting station may be mounted on the mobile platform instead of the receiving station.
【００２９】実施の形態２．以下、この発明の実施の形
態２の合成開口レーダ装置の観測ジオメトリを図４につ
いて説明する。図４において、１２〜１７は図１のもの
と同一または同等のものである。この実施の形態では、
送信局１６は地上に固定されており、複数の受信局１７
は航空機などの異なる移動プラットフォームにそれぞれ
搭載されているものとする。Embodiment 2 Hereinafter, the observation geometry of the synthetic aperture radar device according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, reference numerals 12 to 17 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. In this embodiment,
The transmitting station 16 is fixed on the ground, and a plurality of receiving stations 17
Are mounted on different mobile platforms such as aircraft.
【００３０】この送信局１６の構成を図５に、受信局１
７の構成を図６にそれぞれ示す。これらの図において６
〜２１は図２、３のものと同一または同等のものであ
る。FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the transmitting station 16 and FIG.
7 are shown in FIG. In these figures, 6
21 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIGS.
【００３１】次に動作について説明する。この実施の形
態の装置の動作は実施の形態１で説明した装置の動作と
ほぼ同じであり、送信局１６と受信局１７の動作は図２
および図３に示した送信局と受信局の動作と概ね同様で
ある。但し、この実施の形態では送信局が１局だけなの
で、受信局でパルスを弁別する必要がなく、このため実
施の形態１に比べて受信局の構成を簡単にできる。Next, the operation will be described. The operation of the apparatus of this embodiment is almost the same as the operation of the apparatus described in the first embodiment, and the operations of the transmitting station 16 and the receiving station 17 are shown in FIG.
The operation is substantially the same as that of the transmitting station and the receiving station shown in FIG. However, in this embodiment, since there is only one transmitting station, it is not necessary to discriminate the pulses at the receiving station, and therefore the configuration of the receiving station can be simplified as compared with the first embodiment.
【００３２】このようにこの実施の形態の構成によれ
ば、送信局１６が高周波パルス信号を送信し、複数の移
動プラットフォームにそれぞれ搭載された受信局１７が
観測領域で反射した信号を受信するので、１回の観測で
送信局１６と受信局１７の幾何学的位置関係の異なる条
件で観測された高分解能レーダ画像を同時に得ることが
できて、３次元地形図を得ることができる。なお、ここ
では通常、干渉処理部７は移動プラットフォーム上に搭
載せず、地上などに分離して設置し、複数の受信局１７
から信号を受けて処理を行なう。As described above, according to the configuration of this embodiment, the transmitting station 16 transmits a high-frequency pulse signal, and the receiving stations 17 mounted on a plurality of mobile platforms respectively receive signals reflected in the observation area. In one observation, high-resolution radar images observed under different conditions of the geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station 16 and the receiving station 17 can be obtained at the same time, and a three-dimensional topographic map can be obtained. Here, the interference processing unit 7 is usually not mounted on a mobile platform, but is installed separately on the ground or the like.
And performs processing upon receiving a signal from.
【００３３】実施の形態３．以下、この発明の実施の形
態３の合成開口レーダ装置を図７について説明する。図
７はこの装置の送信局１６の構成を説明する図で、図に
おいて、１１〜１８は図２のものと同一または同等のも
のである。２２は複数の送信局間の送信のタイミングを
制御する送信同期手段である。また、この装置の観測ジ
オメトリと受信局は実施の形態１で示した図１、図３と
同様である。Embodiment 3 Hereinafter, a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the transmitting station 16 of this device. In the drawing, 11 to 18 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. Reference numeral 22 denotes a transmission synchronization unit that controls transmission timing between a plurality of transmission stations. The observation geometry and the receiving station of this device are the same as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 described in the first embodiment.
【００３４】次に動作について説明する。図７において
送信部１８と送信アンテナ１２、リファレンス信号の送
信アンテナ１４の動作は実施の形態１の装置と同様であ
る。送信同期手段２２は、複数の送信局が同時に送信す
ることがないように、あるいは、複数の送信局からの信
号が同時に受信局に到達しないように、それぞれの送信
局が送信する時間を制御する。例えば、複数の送信局
に、あらかじめ決められた時間間隔で、順番に送信許可
を与える。Next, the operation will be described. In FIG. 7, the operations of the transmission unit 18, the transmission antenna 12, and the reference signal transmission antenna 14 are the same as those of the first embodiment. The transmission synchronization means 22 controls the transmission time of each transmission station so that the plurality of transmission stations do not transmit at the same time, or so that signals from the plurality of transmission stations do not reach the reception station at the same time. . For example, transmission permission is sequentially given to a plurality of transmitting stations at predetermined time intervals.
【００３５】このように本実施の形態の構成によれば、
信号が混信して無駄になることなくすべて有効に利用す
ることができる。あるいは、送信パルスに識別用の符号
を付加したり、識別用の変調をかけることなく実施の形
態１と同様の効果を得ることができる。As described above, according to the configuration of the present embodiment,
All can be used effectively without wasting due to signal interference. Alternatively, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained without adding a code for identification to the transmission pulse or applying modulation for identification.
【００３６】実施の形態４．以下、この発明の実施の形
態４の合成開口レーダ装置を図８について説明する。図
８はこの装置の送信局の構成を説明する図で、図におい
て、１１〜１８は図２のものと同一または同等のもので
ある。２３は帯域幅算出手段である。また、この装置の
観測ジオメトリを図９に示す。なお、この装置の受信局
は実施の形態１の装置と同様である。Embodiment 4 FIG. Hereinafter, a synthetic aperture radar device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the transmitting station of this apparatus. In the figure, reference numerals 11 to 18 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. 23 is a bandwidth calculating means. FIG. 9 shows the observation geometry of this device. The receiving station of this device is the same as the device of the first embodiment.
【００３７】次に動作について説明する。図８におい
て、送信部１８と送信アンテナ１２、リファレンス信号
の送信アンテナ１４の動作は実施の形態１の装置と同様
である。帯域幅算出手段２３は、画像のレンジ分解能が
要求値と一致するように、それぞれの送信局１６ａ、１
６ｂの送信帯域幅を算出して制御する。Next, the operation will be described. In FIG. 8, the operations of the transmission unit 18, the transmission antenna 12, and the reference signal transmission antenna 14 are the same as those of the first embodiment. The bandwidth calculating means 23 determines whether each of the transmitting stations 16a, 16a,
6b is calculated and controlled.
【００３８】送信局と受信局が同じ位置にある、いわゆ
るモノスタティックレーダの場合、送信帯域幅Ｂとレン
ジ分解能Δｒの間には次の関係があることはよく知られ
ている。但し、Ｃは電波伝播速度である。また、θは観
測領域において地表の垂線と電波の入射角度とがなす角
度で、電波入射角と呼ばれる。In the case of a so-called monostatic radar in which the transmitting station and the receiving station are at the same position, it is well known that the following relationship exists between the transmission bandwidth B and the range resolution Δr. Here, C is the radio wave propagation speed. Θ is the angle between the perpendicular of the ground surface and the incident angle of the radio wave in the observation area, and is called the radio wave incident angle.
【００３９】[0039]
【数２】 (Equation 2)
【００４０】一方、この実施の形態のように、送信局１
６と受信局１７が異なる位置にある、いわゆるマルチス
タティック方式の場合、送信帯域幅Ｂとレンジ分解能Δ
ｒの間には次の関係が成立する。但し、θ1 、θ2 は、
それぞれ送信局側と受信局側の電波入射角で、図９に示
す角度である。On the other hand, as in this embodiment, the transmitting station 1
6 and the receiving station 17 are located at different positions, that is, in a so-called multi-static system, the transmission bandwidth B and the range resolution Δ
The following relationship is established between r. Where θ 1 and θ 2 are
The radio wave incident angles on the transmitting station side and the receiving station side, respectively, are the angles shown in FIG.
【００４１】[0041]
【数３】 (Equation 3)
【００４２】すなわち、マルチスタティックレーダでレ
ンジ分解能を所期の値にするためには、送信局と受信局
と観測領域の位置関係に応じて送信帯域幅を変える必要
がある。That is, in order to set the range resolution to a desired value in the multi-static radar, it is necessary to change the transmission bandwidth in accordance with the positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area.
【００４３】従って、この実施の形態の構成によれば、
帯域幅算出手段２３を備え、送信局と受信局と観測領域
の位置関係に応じて送信帯域幅を変えるので、送信局と
受信局と観測領域の位置関係に依らず所望のレンジ分解
能の高分解能レーダ画像を得ることができる。Therefore, according to the configuration of this embodiment,
Since the transmission bandwidth is changed according to the positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area, the bandwidth calculating means 23 is provided. A radar image can be obtained.
【００４４】実施の形態５．以下、この発明の実施の形
態５の合成開口レーダ装置を図１０について説明する。
図１０はこの装置の送信局の構成を説明する図で、図に
おいて、１１〜１８は図２のものと同一または同等のも
のである。２４は送信局選択手段である。また、この装
置の観測ジオメトリと受信局は実施の形態１の装置と同
様である。Embodiment 5 FIG. Hereinafter, a synthetic aperture radar device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the transmitting station of this apparatus. In the figure, reference numerals 11 to 18 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. 24 is a transmitting station selecting means. The observation geometry and the receiving station of this device are the same as those of the device of the first embodiment.
【００４５】次に動作について説明する。図１０におい
て送信部１８と送信アンテナ１２、リファレンス信号の
送信アンテナ１４の動作は実施の形態１の装置と同様で
ある。送信局選択手段２４は、複数の送信局と受信局と
観測領域の幾何学的な位置関係を考慮して、送信を行う
送信局を選択する。送信局の選択手順は例えば次のよう
に表わされる。Next, the operation will be described. In FIG. 10, the operations of the transmission unit 18, the transmission antenna 12, and the reference signal transmission antenna 14 are the same as those of the first embodiment. The transmitting station selecting means 24 selects a transmitting station to perform transmission in consideration of a geometrical positional relationship among a plurality of transmitting stations, receiving stations, and an observation area. The procedure for selecting a transmitting station is represented, for example, as follows.
【００４６】（ＳＴ０１）観測領域を見通せる送信局を
選抜する。(ST01) A transmitting station that can see the observation area is selected.
【００４７】（ＳＴ０２）次式に従ってそれぞれの送信
局毎に観測領域の単位面積あたりの入射電力を計算し
て、これが大きな送信局を優先的に選択する。但し、Ｐ
t は送信電力、Ｇtは送信アンテナの利得、Ｒは送信局
と観測領域の距離、θ1 は観測領域における電波入射角
である。これらの観測ジオメトリを図１１に示す。(ST02) The incident power per unit area of the observation area is calculated for each transmitting station according to the following equation, and a transmitting station having a larger value is preferentially selected. Where P
t is the transmission power, Gt is the gain of the transmitting antenna, R is the distance between the transmitting station and the observation area, and θ 1 is the radio wave incident angle in the observation area. These observation geometries are shown in FIG.
【００４８】[0048]
【数４】 (Equation 4)
【００４９】このようにこの実施の形態の構成によれ
ば、観測領域への単位面積当たりの入射電力が大きな送
信局を優先的に選択することができるので、Ｓ／Ｎの優
れた高分解能レーダ画像を得ることができる。As described above, according to the configuration of this embodiment, it is possible to preferentially select a transmitting station having a large incident power per unit area to the observation region, and thus a high-resolution radar having an excellent S / N ratio. Images can be obtained.
【００５０】実施の形態６．以下、この発明の実施の形
態６の合成開口レーダ装置を図１２について説明する。
この実施の形態６では、予め既知の複数の送信局と受信
局と観測領域の位置関係から、送信局と受信局と観測領
域の幾何学的な位置関係が適当な２つの送信局を選定し
ておき、その一方の送信局を図１２に示すような構成の
ものにするものである。図１２はこの装置の送信局の構
成を説明する図で、図において、１１〜１８は図２のも
のと同一または同等のものである。２５は送信アンテナ
選択手段である。また、この装置の観測ジオメトリを図
１３に示す。なお、この装置の受信局の構成は実施の形
態１の装置と同様である。Embodiment 6 FIG. Hereinafter, a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the sixth embodiment, two transmitting stations having an appropriate geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation region are selected from a plurality of known positional relationships between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation region. In advance, one of the transmitting stations is configured as shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the transmitting station of this device. In the figure, 11 to 18 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. 25 is a transmitting antenna selecting means. FIG. 13 shows the observation geometry of this device. The configuration of the receiving station of this device is the same as that of the device of the first embodiment.
【００５１】次に動作について説明する。図１２におい
て送信部１８と送信アンテナ１２、リファレンス信号の
送信アンテナ１４の動作は実施の形態１の装置と同様で
ある。送信アンテナ選択手段２５は、複数の送信アンテ
ナと受信局と観測領域の幾何学的な位置関係を考慮し
て、電波を放射する送信アンテナを選択する。Next, the operation will be described. In FIG. 12, the operations of the transmission unit 18, the transmission antenna 12, and the reference signal transmission antenna 14 are the same as those of the apparatus of the first embodiment. The transmitting antenna selecting means 25 selects a transmitting antenna that emits a radio wave in consideration of the geometric positional relationship between the plurality of transmitting antennas, the receiving station, and the observation area.
【００５２】これは、インターフェロメトリ処理を行う
場合には、いわゆる光学のステレオ視の場合と同様に、
分離したい方向（この場合は鉛直方向）の見込み角が大
きな位置から観測した結果を組み合わせる場合に最も感
度を高くすることができるためである。This is because when performing the interferometry processing, similarly to the case of so-called optical stereo vision,
This is because the sensitivity can be maximized when combining the results observed from a position where the expected angle in the direction to be separated (in this case, the vertical direction) is large.
【００５３】従って、送信アンテナ選択手段２５による
送信アンテナの選択は例えば次のように行う。観測領域
から見て、一方の送信局１６ａの複数の送信アンテナ１
２ｃ〜１２ｅから、選定した２つの送信局１６ａ、１６
ｂの送信アンテナの方位方向の見込み角が小さくて、か
つ鉛直方向の見込み角が大きくなる送信アンテナを選択
する。例えば、（鉛直方向の見込み角−方位方向の見込
み角）が最大になる送信アンテナを選択する。Therefore, the selection of the transmitting antenna by the transmitting antenna selecting means 25 is performed as follows, for example. When viewed from the observation area, the plurality of transmitting antennas 1 of one transmitting station 16a
2c to 12e, the selected two transmitting stations 16a, 16
The transmitting antenna which has a small azimuth angle in the azimuth direction and a large vertical angle in the vertical direction is selected. For example, the transmitting antenna that maximizes (the expected angle in the vertical direction−the expected angle in the azimuth direction) is selected.
【００５４】このようにこの実施の形態の構成によれ
ば、観測領域からの鉛直方向の見込み角の大きな送信ア
ンテナの組み合わせを優先的に選択することができるの
で、高さの精度の優れた３次元地形図を得ることができ
る。As described above, according to the configuration of this embodiment, it is possible to preferentially select a combination of transmitting antennas having a large prospective angle in the vertical direction from the observation area. A dimensional topographic map can be obtained.
【００５５】実施の形態７．以下、この発明の実施の形
態７の合成開口レーダ装置を図１４について説明する。
図１４はこの装置の送信局の構成を説明する図で、図に
おいて、１１〜１８と２５は図１２のものと同一または
同等のものである。また、この装置の観測ジオメトリは
実施の形態６の図１３と同様であり、受信局の構成は図
３と同様である。Embodiment 7 FIG. Hereinafter, a synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the transmitting station of this apparatus. In the figure, 11 to 18 and 25 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. Further, the observation geometry of this device is the same as that of FIG. 13 of the sixth embodiment, and the configuration of the receiving station is the same as that of FIG.
【００５６】次に動作について説明する。この実施の形
態７の装置は、１つの送信局のみで実施の形態６と同様
の効果を得るものである。図１４において、送信部１８
と送信アンテナ１２、リファレンス信号の送信アンテナ
１４、送信アンテナ選択手段２５ａの動作は実施の形態
６の装置と同様である。送信アンテナ選択手段２５ｂは
送信アンテナ１２ｂと送信アンテナ群１２ｃ〜１２ｅが
あたかも異なる送信局であるかのように、切り替え動作
する。Next, the operation will be described. The device according to the seventh embodiment has the same effect as that of the sixth embodiment with only one transmitting station. In FIG. 14, the transmission unit 18
The operations of the transmitting antenna 12, the transmitting antenna 14 of the reference signal, and the transmitting antenna selecting means 25a are the same as those of the apparatus of the sixth embodiment. The transmitting antenna selecting means 25b performs a switching operation as if the transmitting antenna 12b and the transmitting antenna groups 12c to 12e are different transmitting stations.
【００５７】このようにこの実施の形態の構成によれ
ば、１つの送信局で送信アンテナ選択手段２５ｂの切り
替え動作により、インターフェロメトリ処理に必要な２
枚の画像を得ることができ、しかも送信アンテナ選択手
段２５ａで観測領域からの鉛直方向の見込み角の大きな
送信アンテナの組み合わせを優先的に選択することがで
きるので、１つの送信局で高さの精度の優れた３次元地
形図を得ることができる。As described above, according to the configuration of this embodiment, the switching operation of the transmitting antenna selecting means 25b in one transmitting station allows the two transmitting stations to perform the interferometric processing.
One image can be obtained, and a combination of transmission antennas having a large expected angle in the vertical direction from the observation area can be preferentially selected by the transmission antenna selection means 25a. A highly accurate three-dimensional topographic map can be obtained.
【００５８】実施の形態８．以下、この発明の実施の形
態８の合成開口レーダ装置を図１５について説明する。
この実施の形態８は複数の異なる観測領域を同時観測
し、１回の観測で複数の観測領域の３次元地形図を得る
ものである。図１５はこの装置の受信局の構成を説明す
る図で、図において、１１と１５〜２１は図３のものと
同一または同等のものである。１３は複数の素子アンテ
ナからなるＤＢＦアンテナである受信アンテナ、２６は
ビーム形成手段である。また、この装置の観測ジオメト
リを図１６に示す。図において、１１〜１７は実施の形
態１と同一または同等のものである。なお、それぞれの
送信局の構成は実施の形態２の装置と同様である。Embodiment 8 FIG. Hereinafter, a synthetic aperture radar device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In the eighth embodiment, a plurality of different observation areas are simultaneously observed, and a three-dimensional topographic map of the plurality of observation areas is obtained by one observation. FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the receiving station of this apparatus. In the figure, 11 and 15 to 21 are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG. 13 is a receiving antenna which is a DBF antenna composed of a plurality of element antennas, and 26 is a beam forming means. FIG. 16 shows the observation geometry of this device. In the figure, 11 to 17 are the same as or equivalent to the first embodiment. The configuration of each transmitting station is the same as that of the apparatus according to the second embodiment.
【００５９】次に動作について説明する。受信アンテナ
１３はＤＢＦアンテナであり、それぞれの素子アンテナ
の出力は受信部１９にて増幅された後、ビーム形成手段
２６に入力される。ビーム形成手段２６はよく知られた
次式のビームステアリング操作によって、受信ビームを
所望の方向へ形成する。但し、Ｓ′は角度ηのビーム出
力、ｉはＤＢＦアンテナの素子アンテナ番号、Ｓi は第
ｉ素子アンテナの出力信号、ｄは素子間隔、λは波長で
ある。なお、ここでは１次元のビーム形成を例示した
が、この式は２次元の場合にも容易に拡張することがで
きる。Next, the operation will be described. The receiving antenna 13 is a DBF antenna, and the output of each element antenna is amplified by the receiving unit 19 and then input to the beam forming unit 26. The beam forming means 26 forms a reception beam in a desired direction by a well-known beam steering operation of the following formula. However, S 'is the beam output angle eta, i is the element antenna number of DBF antenna, S i is the output signal of the i element antenna, d is the element spacing, lambda is the wavelength. Although one-dimensional beam forming is illustrated here, this equation can be easily extended to two-dimensional cases.
【００６０】[0060]
【数５】 (Equation 5)
【００６１】ビームステアリング操作は複数の方向につ
いて並列に演算することが可能であり、従ってＤＢＦア
ンテナで得られた受信信号から複数の受信ビームを同時
に形成することができる。それぞれのビームの受信信号
はパルス弁別手段２０へ入力されて、以下、実施の形態
１での図３の説明同様に動作する。The beam steering operation can be performed in parallel in a plurality of directions, so that a plurality of reception beams can be simultaneously formed from the reception signals obtained by the DBF antenna. The received signals of the respective beams are input to the pulse discriminating means 20 and operate in the same manner as described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG.
【００６２】すなわち図１６に示すように、複数の観測
領域から反射してくる信号を１つの受信局で同時に受信
して処理することができる。That is, as shown in FIG. 16, signals reflected from a plurality of observation areas can be simultaneously received and processed by one receiving station.
【００６３】このように実施の形態８の構成によれば、
１回の同時観測で１つの受信局により複数の観測領域の
高分解能レーダ画像、および３次元地形図を同時に得る
ことができる。As described above, according to the configuration of the eighth embodiment,
With one simultaneous observation, a single receiving station can simultaneously obtain high-resolution radar images and three-dimensional topographic maps of a plurality of observation areas.
【００６４】[0064]
【発明の効果】この発明は、以上説明したように構成さ
れているので、以下に記載されるような効果を奏する。Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects.
【００６５】請求項１の発明によれば、送信局と受信局
を、地上、航空機あるいは衛星などの移動プラットフォ
ームに分離して設けて構成するマルチスタティック方式
の合成開口レーダ装置において、１つの受信局を備える
ことで１回の観測で３次元地形図を得られる合成開口レ
ーダ装置を実現できる効果がある。According to the first aspect of the present invention, in a multi-static synthetic aperture radar apparatus in which a transmitting station and a receiving station are separately provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft or a satellite, one receiving station is provided. Is effective in realizing a synthetic aperture radar device that can obtain a three-dimensional topographic map by one observation.
【００６６】請求項２の発明によれば、送信局と受信局
を、地上、航空機あるいは衛星などの移動プラットフォ
ームに分離して設けて構成するマルチスタティック方式
の合成開口レーダ装置において、１つの送信局を用いた
構成としたので、受信局にパルス弁別手段が不要とな
り、簡単な構成の受信局で１回の観測で３次元地形図を
得られる合成開口レーダ装置を実現できる効果がある。According to the second aspect of the present invention, in a multi-static synthetic aperture radar apparatus in which a transmitting station and a receiving station are separately provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft, or a satellite, one transmitting station is provided. Is used, the receiving station does not need pulse discriminating means, and the receiving station having a simple configuration has an effect of realizing a synthetic aperture radar apparatus capable of obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map by one observation.
【００６７】あるいは、１回の観測で３次元の地形図を
得ることができる合成開口レーダ装置を実現することが
できる。Alternatively, it is possible to realize a synthetic aperture radar device capable of obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map by one observation.
【００６８】請求項４の発明によれば、送信局と受信局
と観測領域の位置関係によらず１回の観測で所望のレン
ジ分解能の高分解能レーダ画像を得ることができる効果
がある。According to the invention of claim 4, there is an effect that a high-resolution radar image with a desired range resolution can be obtained by one observation regardless of the positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area.
【００６９】請求項５の発明によれば、１回の観測でＳ
／Ｎの優れた高分解能レーダ画像を得ることができる効
果がある。According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, S is obtained by one observation.
/ N can be obtained at a high resolution.
【００７０】請求項６の発明によれば、１回の観測で高
さの精度の優れた３次元地形図を得られる効果がある。According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, there is an effect that a three-dimensional topographic map with excellent height accuracy can be obtained by one observation.
【００７１】請求項７の発明によれば、１つの送信局に
より高さの精度の優れた３次元地形図を得られる効果が
ある。According to the invention of claim 7, there is an effect that a three-dimensional topographic map with excellent height accuracy can be obtained by one transmitting station.
【００７２】請求項８の発明によれば、複数の異なる観
測領域を同時観測し、１回の観測で１つの受信局により
複数の観測領域の３次元地形図を同時に得ることができ
る効果がある。According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, there is an effect that a plurality of different observation areas can be simultaneously observed, and one receiving station can simultaneously obtain three-dimensional topographic maps of the plurality of observation areas by one observation. .
【図１】 この発明の実施の形態１の合成開口レーダ装
置の観測ジオメトリの説明図である。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an observation geometry of a synthetic aperture radar device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 この発明の実施の形態１の合成開口レーダ装
置の送信局の構成図である。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a transmitting station of the synthetic aperture radar device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】 この発明の実施の形態１の合成開口レーダ装
置の受信局の構成図である。FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a receiving station of the synthetic aperture radar device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】 この発明の実施の形態２の合成開口レーダ装
置の観測ジオメトリの説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an observation geometry of a synthetic aperture radar device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図５】 この発明の実施の形態２の合成開口レーダ装
置の送信局の構成図である。FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a transmitting station of a synthetic aperture radar device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
【図６】 この発明の実施の形態２の合成開口レーダ装
置の受信局の構成図である。FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a receiving station of the synthetic aperture radar device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
【図７】 この発明の実施の形態３の合成開口レーダ装
置の送信局の構成図である。FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a transmitting station of a synthetic aperture radar device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
【図８】 この発明の実施の形態４の合成開口レーダ装
置の送信局の構成図である。FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a transmitting station of a synthetic aperture radar device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
【図９】 この発明の実施の形態４の合成開口レーダ装
置の観測ジオメトリの説明図である。FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an observation geometry of the synthetic aperture radar device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】 この発明の実施の形態５の合成開口レーダ
装置の送信局の構成図である。FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a transmitting station of a synthetic aperture radar device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
【図１１】 この発明の実施の形態５の合成開口レーダ
装置の観測ジオメトリの説明図である。FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of an observation geometry of a synthetic aperture radar device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１２】 この発明の実施の形態６の合成開口レーダ
装置の送信局の構成図である。FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a transmitting station of a synthetic aperture radar device according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
【図１３】 この発明の実施の形態６の合成開口レーダ
装置の観測ジオメトリの説明図である。FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of an observation geometry of the synthetic aperture radar device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１４】 この発明の実施の形態７の合成開口レーダ
装置の送信局の構成図である。FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of a transmitting station of a synthetic aperture radar device according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
【図１５】 この発明の実施の形態８の合成開口レーダ
装置の受信局の構成図である。FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of a receiving station of a synthetic aperture radar device according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
【図１６】 この発明の実施の形態８の合成開口レーダ
装置の観測ジオメトリの説明図である。FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of an observation geometry of the synthetic aperture radar device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１７】 従来の合成開口レーダ装置の構成図であ
る。FIG. 17 is a configuration diagram of a conventional synthetic aperture radar device.
【図１８】 従来の合成開口レーダ装置の観測ジオメト
リの説明図である。FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of an observation geometry of a conventional synthetic aperture radar device.
１、２ 送受信アンテナ、３ 送受信アンテナ群、４
、５ 送受信部、６ 画像処理部、７ 干渉処理部、
８ 地形変動解析処理部、９ 標高差検出部、１０ デ
ータベース、１１ 観測領域、１２ 送信アンテナ、１
３ 受信アンテナ、１４ リファレンス信号の送信アン
テナ、１５ リファレンス信号の受信アンテナ、１６
送信局、１７ 受信局、１８ 送信部、１９ 受信部、
２０ パルス弁別手段、２１ 復調器、２２ 送信同期
手段、２３ 帯域幅算出手段、２４ 送信局選択手段、
２５ 送信アンテナ選択手段、２６ ビーム形成手段。1, 2 transmit / receive antennas, 3 transmit / receive antenna groups, 4
, 5 transmission / reception section, 6 image processing section, 7 interference processing section,
8 Terrain change analysis processing unit, 9 Elevation difference detection unit, 10 database, 11 observation area, 12 transmitting antenna, 1
3 receiving antenna, 14 reference signal transmitting antenna, 15 reference signal receiving antenna, 16
Transmitting station, 17 receiving station, 18 transmitting section, 19 receiving section,
20 pulse discrimination means, 21 demodulator, 22 transmission synchronization means, 23 bandwidth calculation means, 24 transmission station selection means,
25 transmitting antenna selecting means, 26 beam forming means.
Claims (8)
は衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設けて構
成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レーダ装置に
おいて、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する第１の送信
アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を送信する第
２の送信アンテナを有し、少なくとも２つの送信局のそ
れぞれの第１の送信アンテナが所定のベースライン長の
隔たりで配置されるように地上に設置された複数の送信
局と、観測領域から反射された上記複数の送信局からの
高周波パルスを同時に受信する第１の受信アンテナと上
記複数の送信局からのリファレンス信号を同時に受信す
る第２の受信アンテナと、上記第１の受信アンテナと第
２の受信アンテナからの一連のパルス列を送信局ごとに
分離するパルス弁別手段と、第２の受信アンテナで受信
したそれぞれの送信局からのリファレンス信号に同期し
て第１の受信アンテナで受信した受信信号を復調する復
調器とを少なくとも有し、移動プラットフォームに設置
された受信局とを備え、上記復調器の出力に基づいて画
像処理部で高分解能レーダ画像を求め、得られた少なく
とも２枚の合成開口レーダ画像の位相差から干渉処理部
で地形の高さを求めるインターフェロメトリ処理によ
り、１回の観測で３次元地形図を得ることを特徴とする
合成開口レーダ装置。1. A multi-static synthetic aperture radar device comprising a transmitting station and a receiving station separately provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft, or a satellite, for transmitting a high-frequency pulse to an observation area. A transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna for transmitting the reference signal to the receiving station, wherein the first transmitting antenna of each of the at least two transmitting stations is arranged on the ground such that the first transmitting antenna is disposed at a predetermined baseline length. A plurality of installed transmitting stations, a first receiving antenna for simultaneously receiving high-frequency pulses from the plurality of transmitting stations reflected from an observation region, and a second receiving antenna for simultaneously receiving reference signals from the plurality of transmitting stations. A receiving antenna, and pulse discrimination for separating a series of pulse trains from the first receiving antenna and the second receiving antenna for each transmitting station Means, and at least a demodulator for demodulating a received signal received by the first receiving antenna in synchronization with a reference signal from each transmitting station received by the second receiving antenna, and installed on the mobile platform. A high-resolution radar image is obtained by the image processing unit based on the output of the demodulator, and the height of the terrain is obtained by the interference processing unit from the phase difference between the obtained at least two synthetic aperture radar images. A synthetic aperture radar apparatus characterized in that a three-dimensional topographic map is obtained by one observation by interferometry processing.
は衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設けて構
成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レーダ装置に
おいて、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する第１の送信
アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を送信する第
２の送信アンテナを有し、地上に設置された送信局と、
観測領域から反射された上記送信局からの高周波パルス
を受信する第１の受信アンテナと上記送信局からのリフ
ァレンス信号を受信する第２の受信アンテナと、第２の
受信アンテナで受信した送信局からのリファレンス信号
に同期して第１の受信アンテナで受信した受信信号を復
調する復調器とを少なくとも有し、少なくとも２つの受
信局のそれぞれの第１の受信アンテナが所定のベースラ
イン長の隔たりで配置されるようにそれぞれ異なる移動
プラットフォームに設置された複数の受信局とを備え、
上記復調器の出力に基づいて画像処理部で高分解能レー
ダ画像を求め、少なくとも２つの受信局で得られた２枚
の合成開口レーダ画像の位相差から干渉処理部で地形の
高さを求めるインターフェロメトリ処理により、１回の
観測で３次元地形図を得ることを特徴とする合成開口レ
ーダ装置。2. A multi-static synthetic aperture radar apparatus comprising a transmitting station and a receiving station separately provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft, or a satellite, for transmitting a high-frequency pulse to an observation area. A transmitting station installed on the ground, having a transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna for transmitting the reference signal to the receiving station;
A first receiving antenna for receiving a high-frequency pulse from the transmitting station reflected from the observation area, a second receiving antenna for receiving a reference signal from the transmitting station, and a transmitting station receiving at the second receiving antenna And a demodulator that demodulates the received signal received by the first receiving antenna in synchronization with the reference signal of (a), wherein the first receiving antennas of at least two receiving stations are separated by a predetermined baseline length. Comprising a plurality of receiving stations installed on different mobile platforms to be arranged,
An image processing unit obtains a high-resolution radar image based on the output of the demodulator, and an interference processing unit obtains a terrain height from a phase difference between two synthetic aperture radar images obtained by at least two receiving stations. A synthetic aperture radar apparatus characterized in that a three-dimensional topographic map is obtained by one observation by ferrometry processing.
は衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設けて構
成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レーダ装置に
おいて、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する第１の送信
アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を送信する第
２の送信アンテナを有し、少なくとも２つの送信局のそ
れぞれの第１の送信アンテナが所定のベースライン長の
隔たりで配置されるように地上に設置された複数の送信
局と、上記複数の送信局からの観測領域への高周波パル
スの送信のタイミングを観測領域からの反射が互いに干
渉しないように制御する送信同期手段と、観測領域から
反射された上記複数の送信局からの高周波パルスを受信
する第１の受信アンテナと上記複数の送信局からのリフ
ァレンス信号を受信する第２の受信アンテナと、第２の
受信アンテナで受信したそれぞれの送信局からのリファ
レンス信号に同期して第１の受信アンテナで受信した受
信信号を復調する復調器とを少なくとも有し、移動プラ
ットフォームに設置された受信局とを備え、上記復調器
の出力に基づいて画像処理部で高分解能レーダ画像を求
め、得られた少なくとも２枚の合成開口レーダ画像の位
相差から干渉処理部で地形の高さを求めるインターフェ
ロメトリ処理により、１回の観測で３次元地形図を得る
ことを特徴とする合成開口レーダ装置。3. A multi-static synthetic aperture radar device comprising a transmitting station and a receiving station separately provided on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft, or a satellite, for transmitting a high-frequency pulse to an observation area. A transmitting antenna and a second transmitting antenna for transmitting the reference signal to the receiving station, wherein the first transmitting antenna of each of the at least two transmitting stations is arranged on the ground such that the first transmitting antenna is disposed at a predetermined baseline length. A plurality of installed transmitting stations, transmission synchronization means for controlling the timing of transmitting the high-frequency pulse from the plurality of transmitting stations to the observation region so that reflection from the observation region does not interfere with each other, and reflected from the observation region. A first receiving antenna for receiving high-frequency pulses from the plurality of transmitting stations and a reference signal from the plurality of transmitting stations; And a demodulator for demodulating a received signal received by the first receiving antenna in synchronization with a reference signal from each transmitting station received by the second receiving antenna. And a receiving station installed on the platform. The image processing unit obtains a high-resolution radar image based on the output of the demodulator, and obtains a terrain by the interference processing unit based on a phase difference between the obtained at least two synthetic aperture radar images. A synthetic aperture radar apparatus characterized in that a three-dimensional topographic map is obtained by a single observation by interferometry processing for obtaining the height of the object.
ダ装置において、観測領域に対する送信局と受信局の幾
何学的な位置関係に基づいて、所定のレンジ分解能を得
られる送信帯域幅を算出し、送信局の送信帯域幅を設定
する帯域幅算出手段を備えたことを特徴とする合成開口
レーダ装置。4. A synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a transmission bandwidth capable of obtaining a predetermined range resolution is determined based on a geometric positional relationship between the transmitting station and the receiving station with respect to the observation area. A synthetic aperture radar apparatus comprising: a bandwidth calculator that calculates and sets a transmission bandwidth of a transmitting station.
ダ装置において、送信局と受信局と観測領域の幾何学的
な位置関係の変化に応じて、観測領域を見通せる送信局
を選出し、選出した送信局の観測領域への入射電力を算
出して上記入射電力が大きな送信局を優先的に選択して
送信するよう送信局を切り替える送信局選択手段を備え
たことを特徴とする合成開口レーダ装置。5. A synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a transmission station that can see through the observation area is selected according to a change in a geometric positional relationship between the transmission station, the reception station, and the observation area. A transmitting station selecting means for calculating the incident power of the selected transmitting station to the observation area and switching the transmitting station so as to preferentially select and transmit the transmitting station having the large incident power. Aperture radar device.
いて、送信局と受信局と観測領域の幾何学的な位置関係
が適当な２つの送信局について、その一方の送信局の第
１の送信アンテナに代えて複数の第１の送信アンテナと
上記複数の第１の送信アンテナから１つを選択して使用
するように切り替える送信アンテナ選択手段とを備え、
観測領域から見た場合の上記２つの送信局の第１の送信
アンテナの鉛直方向の見込み角が大きくなるように上記
一方の送信局の複数の第１の送信アンテナから１つを選
択して使用することを特徴とする合成開口レーダ装置。6. The synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein two transmitting stations having an appropriate geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area are first transmitted by one of the transmitting stations. A plurality of first transmission antennas in place of the antennas and transmission antenna selection means for selecting one of the plurality of first transmission antennas and switching to use the selected one;
One of the plurality of first transmitting antennas of the one transmitting station is selected and used so that the vertical transmission angle of the first transmitting antenna of the two transmitting stations when viewed from the observation area is increased. A synthetic aperture radar device.
ーダ装置において、送信局と受信局と観測領域の幾何学
的な位置関係が適当な１つの送信局について、その送信
局の第１の送信アンテナに代えて複数の第１の送信アン
テナと上記複数の第１の送信アンテナから１つを選択し
て使用するように切り替える第１の送信アンテナ選択手
段と上記複数の第１の送信アンテナの他に設けた第１の
送信アンテナとこの第１の送信アンテナと上記複数の第
１の送信アンテナとを切り替える第２の送信アンテナ選
択手段とを備え、観測領域から見た場合の上記複数の第
１の送信アンテナの他に設けた第１の送信アンテナと上
記複数の第１の送信アンテナの１つの第１の送信アンテ
ナの鉛直方向の見込み角が大きくなるように上記複数の
第１の送信アンテナから１つを選択して使用することを
特徴とする合成開口レーダ装置。7. The synthetic aperture radar apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one of the transmitting stations having an appropriate geometrical positional relationship between the transmitting station, the receiving station, and the observation area is a first of the transmitting stations. A plurality of first transmitting antennas and a plurality of first transmitting antennas, and first transmitting antenna selecting means for switching one of the plurality of first transmitting antennas so as to be used and the plurality of first transmitting antennas And a second transmission antenna selecting means for switching between the first transmission antenna and the plurality of first transmission antennas, the plurality of first transmission antennas being provided from the observation area. The first transmission antennas provided in addition to the first transmission antennas and one of the plurality of first transmission antennas are configured to transmit the plurality of first transmission antennas in such a manner that an expected angle in the vertical direction is increased. antenna A synthetic aperture radar apparatus characterized in that one of the following is selected and used.
ーダ装置において、送信局と受信局を、地上、航空機あ
るいは衛星などの移動プラットフォームに分離して設け
て構成するマルチスタティック方式の合成開口レーダ装
置において、観測領域へ高周波パルスを送信する第１の
送信アンテナと受信局へそのリファレンス信号を送信す
る第２の送信アンテナを有し、複数の観測領域のそれぞ
れへ高周波パルスを送信する複数の対をなす送信局と、
上記それぞれの観測領域から反射された上記複数の対を
なす送信局からの高周波パルスを同時に受信する複数の
素子アンテナからなるディジタルビームフォーミングア
ンテナ（ＤＢＦアンテナと称す）と上記複数の対をなす
送信局からのリファレンス信号を同時に受信する第２の
受信アンテナと、上記ＤＢＦアンテナの出力が入力さ
れ、ビームステアリング操作で受信ビームを形成するビ
ーム形成手段と、上記ＤＢＦアンテナと第２の受信アン
テナからの一連のパルス列を送信局ごとに分離するパル
ス弁別手段と、第２の受信アンテナで受信したそれぞれ
の送信局からのリファレンス信号に同期してＤＢＦアン
テナで受信した受信信号を復調する復調器とを少なくと
も有する受信局を備え、上記複数の異なる観測領域を同
時観測し、上記復調器の出力に基づいて画像処理部で高
分解能レーダ画像を求め、得られた少なくとも２枚の合
成開口レーダ画像の位相差から干渉処理部で地形の高さ
を求めるインターフェロメトリ処理により、１回の観測
で３次元地形図を得ることを特徴とする合成開口レーダ
装置。8. The synthetic aperture radar according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting station and the receiving station are provided separately on a mobile platform such as a ground, an aircraft, or a satellite. The radar device has a first transmitting antenna that transmits a high-frequency pulse to an observation region and a second transmission antenna that transmits the reference signal to a receiving station, and has a plurality of transmitting radio-frequency pulses to each of the plurality of observation regions. A pair of transmitting station,
A digital beamforming antenna (referred to as a DBF antenna) comprising a plurality of element antennas for simultaneously receiving high-frequency pulses from the plurality of pairs of transmitting stations reflected from the respective observation regions, and the plurality of pairs of transmitting stations A second receiving antenna for simultaneously receiving reference signals from the first and second antennas, a beam forming means to which an output of the DBF antenna is input and forming a receiving beam by a beam steering operation, a series of signals from the DBF antenna and the second receiving antenna. And a demodulator that demodulates the received signal received by the DBF antenna in synchronization with the reference signal from each transmitting station received by the second receiving antenna. Equipped with a receiving station to simultaneously observe the different observation areas and demodulate The image processing unit obtains a high-resolution radar image on the basis of the output of A synthetic aperture radar device characterized by obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map by observation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29199797A JP3672212B2 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1997-10-24 | Synthetic aperture radar equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29199797A JP3672212B2 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1997-10-24 | Synthetic aperture radar equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11125674A true JPH11125674A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
| JP3672212B2 JP3672212B2 (en) | 2005-07-20 |
Family
ID=17776197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29199797A Expired - Fee Related JP3672212B2 (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1997-10-24 | Synthetic aperture radar equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3672212B2 (en) |
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