JPH10340051A - Environmental index - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the environmental indexes which become objective indexes to indicate how much extent commodities and services affect the earth environment. SOLUTION: The prices of commodities and services are divided into an energy term which affects the earth environment and a non-energy term which does not affect the earth environment. The energy term includes a pure material cost, a pure material distribution cost, expenses for light and fuel, depreciation fees for the facilities and land development. The non-energy term includes personnel expenses, taxes, profits, expenses for advertisement, supplemental fee for the land, cost of information materials and depreciation fee for the information facilities. Then, the definitions are made for the indexes using the equations shown below, i.e., environmental destruction index=[energy term/(price - residual price)]×100% and environmental protection index=[non- energy term/(price - residual price)]×100%.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an environmental index which is an index of how good a product to be purchased and a service to be provided are for the global environment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In today's world where global warming, deforestation, desertification of tropical rainforests, and destruction of the ozone layer are in progress, how to protect the global environment is a national issue. It is considered important. In particular, Southeast Asian countries, which are currently undergoing rapid development, have large populations, and their gross domestic product (GDP) is increasing at the current rate, and the population of these countries, for example, more than ten years later It is predicted that the global environment will reach a critical state if the consumption level of developed countries reaches the level of developed countries.

[0003] Against this background that the world situation is reported daily through the media and the like, interest in protecting the global environment is increasing among Japanese consumers. For this reason, for example, if information that purchasing a certain product leads to destruction of the global environment is circulated through the media or the like, the sales of the product may be significantly affected. Conversely, it leads to protection of the global environment,
Products that are considered to be environmentally friendly, such as having a small impact on the global environment, stimulate consumers' willingness to purchase and generate economic value by themselves.

[0004]

However, apart from such extreme cases, in general, what kind of goods and services are friendly to the global environment and what kind of goods and services have a bad influence on the global environment It is not always clear. For this reason, even if consumers try to select products and services that are environmentally friendly, there is no objective indicator, and there is a limit in conducting consumer activities that help protect the global environment from the perspective of consumers. .

[0005] Therefore, if an objective index of how much a product or service affects the global environment is found, it will serve as a guide when consumers purchase a product or receive a service. Not only that, the manufacturer of the product or the company that provides the service can increase sales by asserting that the product is environmentally friendly by advertising or the like. And if national and local governments are encouraged to use such indicators in policy, the global environment can be more effectively protected.

[0006] The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide an environmental index which is an objective index indicating how much a product or service affects the global environment.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The environmental index, which is the first invention for attaining the above object, calculates the price of a product or service from pure material costs, pure logistics costs, utility costs, equipment depreciation costs, land costs. Energy terms related to energy, such as development depreciation, and labor costs, taxes, profits, advertising costs, land additions,
After dividing into non-energy terms that are not related to energy, such as information material costs and information equipment depreciation costs, [energy terms / (price-residual price)] x 100% or [non-energy terms / (price-residual price)] × 100%.

An environmental index display sticker according to a second aspect of the present invention, which achieves the above object, displays an environmental index on the price of the product or service, and is attached to a product or service provided for use in providing the product or service. It is characterized by.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The price of a certain product or service is calculated from various costs. For example, raw material costs, transportation costs, sales costs, profits of manufacturers and sellers, etc. are the main components of the price. By the way, the price structure of goods and services is
It can be divided into two parts: those that affect the global environment and those that do not affect the global environment. The former is called an “energy term”, and the latter is called a “non-energy term”. Using the energy term and the non-energy term, an “environmental destruction index” and an “environmental protection index” are defined by the following equations.

[0010] Environmental destruction index = [energy term / (price-residual price)] x 100% (1) Environmental protection index = [non-energy term / (price-residual price)] x 100% (2) Environmental destruction index and There is a relation between the environmental protection index and the environmental protection index = 100-environmental destruction index (3). In this specification, the environmental destruction index and the environmental protection index are collectively referred to as an “environmental index”. These two environmental indices can be easily derived from one by the other according to the equation (3).

[0011] In the above, the "thing that does not affect the global environment" that constitutes the energy term in the price of a product or the like means that energy is consumed in connection with a transaction.
Specifically, it includes pure material costs, pure logistics costs, utility costs such as electricity costs, equipment depreciation costs, land development depreciation costs, and the like. Here, “pure material cost” is obtained by multiplying the material cost by the environmental destruction index. The same applies to “pure distribution costs”. On the other hand, prices that do not affect the global environment, which constitute the non-energy term, are prices that do not consume energy in connection with transactions, but are mainly related to information and labor costs, and are purely related to social life. Is the cost of doing so. Specifically, labor costs, taxes, profits,
There are advertising costs, additional land, information material costs, and information equipment depreciation costs. Here, the information material cost is obtained by multiplying the material cost by the environmental protection index, and the information equipment depreciation cost is obtained by multiplying the equipment cost by the environmental protection index.

However, in order to accurately calculate pure material costs for a certain product or the like, it is necessary to accurately determine the environmental destruction index. However, finding that would require pure material costs for the materials used to make the material, and trying to calculate it would require a pure material cost for the materials used to make the material. There is no limit, such as the need for material costs. On the other hand, there is practically no need to perform such detailed calculations up to the end. Therefore, in such a case,
For example, the pure material cost may be determined to a certain value, the final environmental destruction index of the product or the like may be calculated based on the fixed value, and the result may be multiplied to obtain the pure material cost of the final product or the like.

[0013] The advertising expenses included in the non-energy term are as follows:
Generally, it means the advertisement cost (original advertisement cost) of the advertisement required to sell the product or the like. On the contrary,
For housing information magazines and job information magazines, where the publisher of the magazine takes the advertising fee from the advertiser and keeps the magazine price low, the advertising fee is reduced from the original advertising cost We define revenue after deducting "advertising cost". In addition, advertisements that require material costs such as printing paper for in-house advertisements shall be included in the energy term. In addition, land addition is a concept introduced here.For example, the difference between the value of a product when a product is produced in a place with a high land price and that in a place with a low land price is different. In consideration of the occurrence, this is multiplied by a certain coefficient corresponding to the land price and added to the price structure.

Further, consider the remaining price. This refers to the value of something whose value is unlikely to decrease or increase over time, and disposal costs. For example, in the case of a “vase”, a vase as a practical product is discarded if it is no longer needed or is broken, so the residual price is negative. On the other hand, a vase as a work of art can be bought and sold when it is no longer needed, so the higher the price of a luxury item, the closer the remaining price is to the original price itself.

The above equations (1) and (2) serve as indices indicating how much of the actual price is related to environmental destruction. If the value of the environmental destruction index calculated based on the formula (1) is large, or if the value of the environmental protection index calculated based on the formula (2) is small, the purchase of the goods and services will be more environmentally friendly. The degree of destruction is large, which is not desirable from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment. Conversely, the smaller the value of the environmental destruction index or the larger the value of the environmental protection index, the smaller the degree to which the product or service gives to the global environment, which is preferable from the viewpoint of protection of the global environment.

FIG. 1 shows an example in which the environmental destruction index is roughly calculated based on the above equation (1) for some specific goods and services. In FIG. 1, the group (a) has a relatively high environmental destruction index (therefore, the environmental protection index is relatively low), and the group (b) has a relatively low environmental destruction index (therefore, the environmental protection index). Is relatively high).

In FIG. 1, (a) “automobile / home electric appliances” has an environmental destruction index higher than generally imagined at 60%. This is because the ratio of non-energy personnel costs to prices has become smaller, and the share of energy items such as raw material costs has become relatively higher, due to the recent automation of production equipment and the development of robot technology. This is a sign of the tendency. (B) Since “electricity and gas” is energy itself, naturally, the ratio of energy terms shown in prices is high. Therefore, the environmental destruction index is, for example, 80%
To a very high degree. (C) "Toilet paper"
In terms of price, the material cost, which is the energy term, seems to be high, but such things as toilet paper are originally low in price, so the labor costs such as placing them on supermarket shelves and paying cashiers etc. Has a higher percentage of non-energy terms, which results in a relatively higher environmental destruction index.

In FIG. 1, (d) “advertising magazine” (for example, a housing information magazine or a job information magazine) has an environmental destruction index of 2
It is extremely high at 00%. This is because the publisher itself gets advertising revenue from the advertiser, so the price paid by the consumer when purchasing the magazine is less than the energy term, which is the sum of the raw materials and printing costs for making the magazine. Therefore, the result is that the denominator of the equation (1) becomes smaller than the numerator.

In FIG. 1, (e) "Game software"
In energy prices, the proportion of energy terms such as material costs is small, and the proportion of non-energy terms such as personnel expenses and advertising expenses for software development is large. For this reason, the environmental destruction index becomes a small value as a whole. In the case of game software, since the absolute amount of the energy term is almost constant, the environmental destruction index varies greatly depending on the price. For example, an environmental destruction index of 2,000 yen game software is about 20
The environmental destruction index of game software of about 5,000 yen is about 12%. The music CD (f) also shows a tendency similar to game software, and the raw material cost of the CD itself is very small, and the proportion of the royalties and advertising expenses in the price is large. Therefore, the environmental destruction index of this music CD is, for example, about 20%.

In FIG. 1, (g) “tobacco and alcoholic beverages”
Is a relatively large percentage of taxes in the price of raw materials. Taxes are a non-energy term, resulting in a lower environmental destruction index. (H) “Cosmetics”
The environmental destruction index differs greatly between high-end products and low-priced products. The raw material costs of cosmetics are not likely to differ much depending on whether they are luxury or low-priced. On the other hand, the price of a product varies greatly depending on the brand image and the like. As a result, the environmental destruction index of cosmetics, which are generally called high-end products, decreases, and the environmental destruction index of low-priced products increases.

In FIG. 1, (i) “Food and drink expenses of high-class clubs” is such that, among the prices, the proportion of the price occupied by alcoholic beverages and foods is low, and the proportions of personnel expenses, profits, land costs (rent), and the like are small. large. Therefore, the environmental destruction index is, for example, about 10%. (Nu) "Massage" is a service provided by a person with purely specialized skills based on the skills, and it is considered that the costs other than labor costs in providing the services are extremely low. Therefore, the environmental destruction index is extremely low, for example, about 3%.

By the way, with respect to "land", the price and the residual price are considered to be almost the same, so that the denominator of the equation (1) is almost zero. On the other hand, in the buying and selling of land itself, there is no exchange of things that affect the global environment, so the energy term is also zero. Therefore, if equation (1) or equation (2) is applied in such a case, it is mathematically indefinite. However, in the case of land, it is impossible to “consume” it in the first place, so it is reasonable to think that land itself is not applicable to the environmental index. However, in the case where a residential area is developed and sold as a condominium instead of merely buying and selling land, the price will not be pure land alone, so an environmental index can be applied to that part.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that, for example, electricity or gas whose consumption is expected to be unfavorable to the global environment has a very high environmental destruction index to support this. It has become. In addition, for example, when playing golf at a golf course, the environmental destruction index of the cost involved is very high. This is because the energy term accounts for a large proportion of the transportation cost to go to the golf course, and the energy term accounts for a large proportion of the course maintenance fee, such as the price required for course maintenance. Then, golf, which is an outdoor sport that appears to be healthy at first glance, is not preferable from the viewpoint of protecting the global environment. This applies not only to golf but also to sports and leisure generally enjoyed outdoors.

On the other hand, services such as high-end clubs and massages that do not involve the exchange of physical goods are preferable from the viewpoint of protection of the global environment. Also, it can be understood that video games and the like, which seem to be unhealthy at first glance, are very preferable in terms of protection of the global environment.

For example, virtual reality technology has been further developed, and it is possible to go indoors without actually going to a golf course.
If a golf game can be enjoyed with almost the same feeling as playing golf in practice, the environmental destruction index in that case is small, which is favorable for the global environment. Therefore, policies that actively develop such things will also help to protect the global environment. Similarly, for example, music CDs are also mainly commodities whose information does not require raw material costs, and such products are preferable commodities from the viewpoint of protection of the global environment.

If consumers want products and services that are kind to the earth, they should select products and services with as small an environmental destruction index as possible (or with a large environmental protection index). Also, as consumers become more aware of the protection of the global environment, companies that provide goods and services will also respond by providing eco-friendly products and services. . At this time, it is conceivable to use an environmental destruction index or an environmental protection index as an index indicating how much the product or service is friendly to the global environment, and to clearly attach the numerical value to a sticker or the like and affix it to the product. In addition, policy-based policies that encourage or require stickers that clearly indicate the environmental destruction index or environmental protection index can provide an indicator for consumers to select products and services. Also,
Incentives for companies to develop eco-friendly products and services will work, which will be more favorable for protecting the global environment.

However, on the other hand, no matter how important the protection of the global environment is, if the emphasis is placed on economic development and loss of prosperity, public opinion agrees on environmentally-friendly policies. Hard to get. However, as can be seen from the equation (1) and FIG. 1 in which the environmental destruction index is calculated based on the equation (1), for example, the environmental destruction related to so-called luxury goods and luxurious entertainment, such as food and drink expenses of luxury clubs and luxury cosmetics. The index is small. That is, so-called luxury goods and luxury services are desirable for protection of the global environment. On the other hand, the purchase of luxury goods and luxurious entertainment generally cost a lot of money. Therefore, the perception that so-called luxury goods are favorable in terms of environmental protection has been widespread, and if these have become a large part of economic transactions, they will have a lower GDP due to their originally higher unit prices. The effect of suppressing is expected.

As an example, for example, if the environmental destruction index is 20
Assuming that 10% of the world's GDP is allocated to the purchase of advertising magazines at 0%, the forests around the world are quickly depleted, and the incineration of garbage will increase carbon dioxide emissions, resulting in global emissions. It is thought that warming will be accelerated. On the other hand, assuming that 30% of the world's GDP is allocated to luxury cosmetics with an environmental destruction index of 5%, it hardly leads to destruction of the global environment. In this way, the environmental index is also very useful when adopting a policy of protecting the global environment while maintaining economic development.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various changes can be made within the scope of the invention.

[0030]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By introducing an environmental index that indicates the percentage of the value of goods or services that affect the global environment, consumers can use this environmental index as an objective guideline to use environmentally friendly products or services. Can be selected, and as a company, it can respond to the needs of consumers seeking products and services that are environmentally friendly, thereby contributing to the protection of the global environment. Things come. In addition, by using the environmental index sticker attached with the environmental index, consumers can easily know what the environmental index of the price of the product or service to be purchased is, and as a result, It becomes easy to select products and services that are friendly to the global environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

[Figure 1] For some specific products and services,
It is the figure which showed the example which calculated the environmental damage index roughly.

Claims (2)

[Claims] Claims: 1. The price of goods or services is divided into energy terms related to energy such as pure material costs, pure logistics costs, utility costs, equipment depreciation costs, land development depreciation costs, and labor costs, taxes, profits, After dividing into non-energy terms that are not related to energy, such as advertising costs, land additions, information materials costs, and information equipment depreciation costs, [energy terms / (price-residual price)] x 100% or [non-energy terms / (Price-Residual Price)] x An environmental index for the price of goods or services, characterized by 100%. 2. An environmental index display sticker which displays the environmental index of the price of the product or service according to claim 1, and affixes the environmental index to a product or service provided for the provision of the product or service.