JPH10240938A - Peak evaluating device and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To precisely evaluate the clearness of a peak at a numerical group. SOLUTION: A peak evaluating device 100 is provided with a storing part 10, a sorting part 12, an accumulating part 14 and an integrating part 16. The part 10 stores the data value of the numerical group 18 of a processing object read from an input part 120. The part 12 rearranges data housed in the part 10 in the order of reducing/increasing a size to successively output to the part 14, which successively adds data outputted from the part 12 to output the accumulated value each time of adding. The part 16 calculates the total value of all the accumulated values outputted from the part 14 as an evaluated value and outputs the evaluated value to an output part 130.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting a numerical sequence having the most distinct peak, for example, for detecting the inclination of an image or analyzing a measurement result in NMR measurement.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A method of evaluating peaks in a numerical sequence is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-25391. This document describes a method in which a certain document image is scanned in a plurality of directions, and a histogram having the clearest peak is selected from the obtained histogram of black pixels. That is, this is a method of selecting a numerical sequence having the clearest peak from a plurality of numerical sequences.

As described in this document, in the conventional evaluation method, each data constituting a numerical sequence is
Take the difference with the next data, take the absolute value of the difference,
The sum of these is calculated as an evaluation value indicating the clarity of the peak.

[0004]

However, the actual numerical sequence contains noise. Also, peaks do not always have distinct rising and falling edges. For this reason, peak detection may be difficult with the conventional method.

[0005] Taking a case where a document image is to be processed as an example, even if a normal blank paper surface is scanned, the captured image has fluctuation (disorder).
Noise occurs in the histogram. In addition, if there is an element other than a character line such as a photograph in a document image, or if vertical writing and horizontal writing are mixed, noise is included in the detected histogram. Then, the peak is obscured by noise and becomes unclear.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing two numerical sequences in a graph. In FIGS. 2A and 2B,
Different numerical sequences are shown in a graph. The horizontal axis of each graph represents the order (data number) of data constituting the numerical sequence, and the vertical axis of each graph represents the value of each data. In the graph, scales are omitted, and each data is shown by a straight line. For each of the graphs shown in FIG.
It can be seen that the graph shown in FIG. 2A (solid line a in FIG. 2A) has a larger peak than the graph shown in FIG. 2B (solid line b in FIG. 2B). .

FIG. 3 is a table showing the data values of the numerical series shown in FIG. 2, the absolute value of the difference between the neighboring data, and the total value of the absolute values. FIG. 3A is FIG.
FIG. 3B corresponds to the numerical series shown in FIG.
This corresponds to the numerical series shown in FIG. As shown in the table of FIG. 3, the sum of the absolute values of the differences is calculated as shown in FIG.
And FIG. 3 (B) is 78, which is the same value. As described above, according to the conventional processing example, even in the case of a numerical series having clearly different peak sizes as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, these evaluation values have the same value. No difference in peak clarity appears. This is because a small noise component is picked up by taking the difference between the data of the neighbors. Then, the peak is buried in the noise, and accurate evaluation of the peak becomes impossible.

[0008] If the tail of the peak changes gradually and the change is smaller than the change in noise, it becomes more difficult to detect the peak.

Therefore, there has been a demand for an apparatus and a method for clearly detecting a peak and accurately evaluating the degree of the change.

[0010]

Therefore, according to the peak evaluation apparatus of the present invention, a storage unit for storing all data of a numerical series, and data stored in the storage unit are read out.
A sorter that sorts these data according to data values and outputs data in the sort order; and a accumulator that sequentially adds data input from the sorter and outputs a cumulative value each time the addition is performed. And an integrator that outputs the total value of the cumulative values input from the accumulator as an evaluation value H indicating the clarity of the peak of the numerical sequence.

According to such a configuration, all data of the numerical sequence are rearranged in ascending or descending order of the data value, and the data values are added in this order. Then, a cumulative value is output each time the data value is added. further,
The total value of the output cumulative values is obtained. This total value is the evaluation value H indicating the clarity of the peak of the numerical series to be evaluated.

For example, data Di (i = 1,
2,..., N represent the sort order. Here, N is the number of data in the numerical sequence. ) Is output from the sorting unit to the accumulating unit, the accumulating unit calculates the accumulated value D1, (D1 + D2),.
.., (D1 + D2 +... + DN) are output. In this case, the total value H of the accumulated values output by the integration unit is as follows: H = {N × D1 + (N−1) × D2 +... + 1 × DN} (I)

As described above, when data values are added in ascending order, the smaller the data value, the more data values are added. Therefore, it is evaluated that the smaller the evaluation value H is, the larger the peak is. That is, the presence of a peak can be emphasized by adding a large number of data values in a portion deviating from the peak.

When data values are added in descending order, the larger the data value, the more data values are added. Therefore, it is evaluated that the larger the evaluation value H is, the larger the peak is. That is, the presence of a peak can be emphasized by adding a large number of data values at the peak portion.

Therefore, unlike the conventional case, the difference between the data of the neighbors is not calculated, so that the noise is not picked up and the peak is not buried in the noise.

Further, in the peak evaluation device of the present invention, preferably, the accumulating section includes a counting section and a memory section, wherein the counting section stores data input from the sorting section, And outputting the accumulated value by adding the data stored in the memory unit, and recording the accumulated value in the memory unit instead of the data stored in the memory unit.

With this configuration, the data input from the sorting unit is sequentially added, and each time the addition is performed, the accumulated value can be output.

Further, in the peak evaluation device of the present invention, preferably, all data of the numerical series stored in the storage unit are read, and the total value S of all data and the total number of data N are counted and output. An adder and an evaluation value H0 when there is no peak are obtained by using the outputs S and N of the adder according to H0 = S × (N + 1) / 2 (II), and the evaluation value input from the integration unit It is preferable to include a normalizing unit that divides H by H0 and outputs the result.

The above equation (II) is equivalent to the above equation (I) in which each data Di is replaced with an average value S / N.
Therefore, the above equation (II) represents an evaluation value of a numerical series without a peak.

As described above, the numerical value series can be normalized by dividing the evaluation value H by H0. Therefore, the evaluation value H / H0 obtained for a certain numerical series is equal to the evaluation value H / H0 obtained for a numerical series obtained by multiplying all data values of this numerical series by a constant. Therefore, it is possible to compare the peaks of the numerical series measured under different conditions.

Further, according to the peak evaluation method of the present invention, the step of storing all the data of the numerical series in the storage section, reading the data stored in the storage section, and sorting these data according to the data value And sequentially adding data in the sorting order, and each time the addition is performed,
Outputting a cumulative value, and calculating the total value of the output cumulative values as an evaluation value H representing the clarity of the peak of the numerical sequence.
And outputting the result as

According to such a method, as in the prior art,
Since the difference between adjacent data is not calculated, noise is not picked up and the peak is not buried in the noise.

In the peak evaluation method according to the present invention, preferably, all data of the numerical series stored in the storage section are read, and the total value S of all data and the total number of data N are counted and output. And a step of obtaining an evaluation value H0 when there is no peak by using S and N according to H0 = S × (N + 1) / 2, dividing the evaluation value H by the H0, and outputting the result. Is good.

As described above, the numerical value series can be normalized by dividing the evaluation value H by H0. Therefore, the peak between the numerical series measured under different conditions,
Be able to compare.

[0025]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the configuration, the connection relation, and the arrangement relation are schematically shown to the extent that the present invention can be understood. The conditions such as numerical values described below are merely examples, and therefore, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[First Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a peak evaluation apparatus according to a first embodiment. The peak evaluation device 100 of this configuration example includes a storage unit 10
, A sorting unit 12, an accumulating unit 14, and an integrating unit 16. Regarding the connection relation of each component, the output of the storage unit 10 is input to the sorting unit 12, the output of the sorting unit 12 is input to the accumulating unit 14, and the output of the accumulating unit 14 is
6 is input. Further, the peak evaluation device 100 is configured so that a numerical sequence to be processed is input from the input unit 120. The input unit 120 is a device for inputting the numerical sequence 18 to be processed to the peak evaluation device 100, and is, for example, a device such as a keyboard and a data measurement device. Further, the result processed by the peak evaluation device 100 is output to the output unit 130. The output unit 130 is, for example, an image display device, a printer, or the like, and displays a processing result of the peak evaluation device 100. Also, the processing result of the peak evaluation device 100 is
For example, it may be configured to be output to a computer device or the like and utilized there.

The above-described peak evaluation device 100 is, for example,
The storage unit 10, the sorting unit 12, and the accumulating unit 14 that constitute this unit
And the integrator 16 include a memory device, an input / output device, and C
It is configured as a so-called computer device having a PU (Central Processing Unit). Then, these storage units 1
0, the sorting unit 12, the accumulating unit 14 and the integrating unit 16 are synchronized by a control device (not shown), and their operation timings are controlled.

In this embodiment, the configuration and operation of the peak evaluation device will be described by taking as an example the case of processing the numerical sequence shown in FIGS. The table of FIG. 4 shows the processing results by the peak evaluation device of this embodiment for each processing stage. FIG. 4A is an example in which the numerical sequence shown in the graph of FIG. 2A is processed by the peak evaluation device of this embodiment. FIG. 4 (C)
Is an example in which the numerical sequence shown in the graph of FIG. 2B is processed by the peak evaluation device of this embodiment. First, the configuration and operation of the peak evaluation device will be described by taking as an example a case where the numerical sequences shown in FIGS. 2A and 4A are to be processed.

The storage unit 10 is a device for storing all data. Here, the data is each numerical value (data value) constituting the numerical sequence to be processed. For example, if the peak evaluation device of this configuration example is used for detecting the inclination of an image, the numerical sequence to be processed is a histogram obtained as a result of scanning the image in an arbitrary direction. As shown in FIG.
Reads out the numerical sequence 18 to be processed, that is, the data values constituting the numerical sequence 18 from the input unit 120 and stores them. The storage unit 10 is configured using a normal memory device.

In this example, this storage unit 10
All of the numerical data shown in the left column of Table 24 of (A) are stored. In Table 24 of FIG. 4A, data is shown in order of data detection, arranged in order from the top of the table.
The numerical sequence in this example is composed of 23 pieces of data.

Next, the sorting unit 12 is a device that reads data stored in the storage unit 10, sorts the data according to data values, and outputs data in the sorted order. Sorting is performed using a known technique. FIG.
In the right column of Table 24 in (A), on the side next to the data in the left column,
The sort order is shown. Here, each data is numbered from the first to the 23rd in order of the data value. In the case of data having the same value, the data is given a smaller number in the order of data detection. In this example,
Although the sorting is performed in descending order of data values, the present invention is not limited to this, and the sorting may be performed in descending order of data values. Then, the sorting unit 12 outputs the data in the sorting order.
In this example, data is output sequentially from the first data.

The data output from the sorting section 12 is sent to the accumulating section 14. The accumulating unit 14 is a device that sequentially adds data input from the sorting unit 12 and outputs a cumulative value each time the addition is performed. That is, the accumulating unit 14 adds the respective data in the above sort order.
The detailed configuration of the accumulator 14 is shown in the block diagram of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, the accumulating unit 14 includes a counting unit 20 and a memory unit 22. Then, the counting unit 20 adds the data input from the sorting unit 12 and the data stored in the memory unit 22 and outputs the result as an accumulated value, and replaces the data stored in the memory unit 22 with the data. , And the output cumulative value is recorded in the memory unit 22. The connection relationship between the counting unit 20 and the memory unit 22 will be described in more detail. The counting section 20 is a device that includes two input ports I1 and I2 and adds data values input to each of these ports. Port I
1 is input with data output from the sorting unit 12. Further, data stored in the memory unit is read from the memory unit 22 to the port I2. And
The output line of the counting unit 20 is branched in two directions, and one is connected to the integrating unit 16. The other output line is connected to the memory unit 22.

With the configuration of the accumulating unit 14 described above, addition and replacement of data in the memory unit 22 are performed at the timing when data is input from the sorting unit 12. 4A as an example, first, first data (hereinafter, referred to as D1; D1 = 12) is input from the sorting unit 12 to the input port I1 of the counting unit 20.
Since the memory unit 22 at this time has been initialized, NULL (= 0) is stored in the memory unit 22. Accordingly, no data is output from the memory unit 22, in other words, NULL data is output.
Outputs the data D1 as it is as the first accumulated value. Table 26 in FIG. 4B shows the cumulative result, that is, the cumulative value output from the counting unit 20. This table 26
It is output from the counting section 20 sequentially from the upper cumulative value shown in the inside.

The data D1 output from the counting section 20 is
The signals are sent to the integration unit 16 and the memory unit 22, respectively. Therefore, the data D1 is stored in the memory unit 22 instead of NULL. Next, from the sorting unit 12 to the counting unit 20
, The second data (hereinafter, referred to as D2; D2 = 8) is input. The data D2 is input to the counting unit 20, and the memory unit 22 outputs the stored data D1 to the input port I2 of the counting unit 20. Then, the counting unit 20 determines whether each of the input ports I1 and I1
2 (that is, D1 + D2)
= 20. See Table 26 in FIG. ) Is output. This sum is output to the integrator 16 and the memory 22 as a second accumulated value. And in the memory unit 22,
Instead of the stored data D1, this accumulated value (D
1 + D2) is stored.

As described above, the sorting unit 12 to the accumulating unit 14
, The data is sent in the sort order, and the accumulated value is sequentially output to the integrator 16. Data Di (i = 1,
2,..., N represent the sort order. Here, N is the number of data in the numerical sequence. ) Is output from the sorting unit 12 to the accumulating unit 14, the accumulating unit 14 calculates the accumulated values D1, (D1
+ D2),..., (D1 + D2 +... + DN).

The integrator 16 is a device that outputs the total value of the accumulated values input from the accumulator 14 as an evaluation value H indicating the clarity of the peak of the numerical sequence. The integrator 16 counts all the accumulated values received from the accumulator 14. Then, the counting result of the accumulated value is output to the output unit 130 as the evaluation value H.

As in the previous example, the accumulation value D
1, (D1 + D2),..., (D1 + D2 +.
When (DN) is output, the total value H of the accumulated values output by the integrator 16 is as follows: H = {N × D1 + (N−1) × D2 +... + 1 × DN} (1)

When the cumulative values shown in Table 26 of FIG. 4B are added, the total value H becomes 1425. This value is shown in FIG.
It is an evaluation value H (= 1425) obtained for the numerical series shown in the left column of Table 24 of FIG. 2A and in FIG.
In this example, the data values are sorted in descending order, so that the larger the value of the evaluation value H, the larger the peak appearing in the numerical sequence. When the data values are sorted in ascending order, the evaluation value H
Means that the smaller the value of is, the larger the peak appearing in the numerical sequence.

Next, Table 2 in FIGS. 2B and 4C is used.
8. An evaluation value H is obtained for the numerical series shown in the left column in the same manner as described above. The right column of the table 28 in FIG. 4C shows the sorting result, and the table 30 in FIG. 4D shows the accumulated values. Then, the sum of the accumulated values shown in Table 30 is 1309. This value is the evaluation value H (= 1309) obtained for the numerical sequences shown in FIGS. 2B and 4C. As described above, the numerical sequence shown in FIG.
It is understood that the peak is larger (sharp) than the numerical series shown in (B). Therefore, according to the peak evaluation device of this configuration example, it is possible to evaluate a numerical sequence in which the difference between the peaks cannot be evaluated by the conventional method.

The peak evaluation device of this configuration example is, for example,
It is applied as a device for detecting the inclination of an image. When detecting the inclination of the image, it is necessary to select the histogram having the most prominent peak from among the histograms obtained for different scanning directions. According to this peak evaluation device, it is possible to evaluate the clarity of the peaks of such a plurality of numerical sequences (histograms). Therefore,
The histogram with the most prominent peak can be selected. In this configuration example, the peak can be evaluated with higher accuracy than the conventional method, so that the inclination of the image can be detected more accurately.

The peak evaluation device of this configuration example is
It may be used for MR (nuclear magnetic resonance) measurement. In the NMR measurement, it is necessary to search for a wavelength and a magnetic field at which the peak is most remarkable. Therefore, as in the peak evaluation apparatus of this configuration example, an apparatus capable of comparing the degree of the peak of a numerical series in a graph is used. is necessary. Then, according to the peak evaluation device of this configuration example, since a more accurate peak evaluation can be performed as compared with the conventional method, more accurate measurement can be performed.

[Second Embodiment] Next, the configuration of a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the peak evaluation device 110 according to this embodiment.
The peak evaluation device 110 of this configuration example includes the configuration described in the first embodiment, that is, the storage unit 10, the sort unit 12,
An addition unit 32 and a normalization unit 34 are provided in addition to the accumulation unit 14 and the integration unit 16. The adding unit 32 includes the storage unit 10
It is provided to receive data from. Also,
The normalizing unit 34 is provided so that outputs from the adding unit 32 and the integrating unit 16 are input. In this configuration example, the processing result of the normalizing unit 34 is output to the output unit 13 described above.
0 is output.

The above-mentioned adder 32 is a device for reading out all the data of the numerical sequence stored in the storage 10 and counting and outputting the total value S of all the data and the total number N of data.
That is, in the numerical series shown in the left column of Table 24 in FIG. 4A, S = 81 and N = 23. The adder 32 executes the detection of the total value S and the number of data N by a normal counting means. Then, the total value S and the number N of data are output to the normalization unit 34.

The above-mentioned normalizing section 34 finds the evaluation value H0 when there is no peak by using the outputs S and N of the adding section 32 as H0 = S × (N + 1) / 2 (2). Is a device that divides the evaluation value H input from the above by the above-mentioned H0 and outputs the result. Normalization unit 34
Can be constituted by a known adder, integrator and divider. In the normalization unit 34, a program for performing the calculation process represented by the above equation (2) is set, and the values of S and N read from the addition unit 32 are substituted into the above equation (2). To calculate the evaluation value H0.

The above equation (2) is equivalent to the equation (1) in which each data Di is replaced with an average value S / N.
Therefore, the above equation (2) represents an evaluation value of a numerical series having no peak.

In the case of FIG. 4A, when the evaluation value H0 when there is no peak is obtained by using the above equation (2), H0 = 9
72. Then, when the evaluation value H (= 1425) obtained in the first embodiment is divided by this value H0, the division result H / H0 is approximately 1.466. This value is shown in FIG.
Is a normalized evaluation value obtained for the numerical series shown in FIG. By using the evaluation values thus normalized, it is possible to perform an evaluation in consideration of only the graph shape without depending on each data value of the numerical sequence.

For example, in the left column of Table 36 of FIG. 7A, a numerical sequence in which each data value is doubled in the numerical sequence shown in the left column of Table 24 of FIG. 4A is shown. . Therefore,
A graph of the numerical series shown in FIG.
The graph of the numerical sequence shown in FIG. 4 (A) has the same shape as the graph shown in FIG. 2 (A). Usually, even if the shape of the graph is the same,
If the sizes are different, the evaluation values will be different. On the other hand, if the normalized evaluation value is obtained by the peak evaluation device of this configuration example, it does not depend on the size of the graph, that is, the numerical sequence.

The numerical value series shown in the left column of Table 36 in FIG. 7A is converted into a normalized evaluation value H / H0 in the same manner as described above.
Try to find. In the right column of the table 36 in FIG. 7A, the sorting result by the sorting unit 12 is shown. FIG.
(B) Table 38 shows the accumulated values output from the accumulating unit 14. When the total value of the accumulated values shown in Table 38, that is, the evaluation value H is calculated, it is 2850.

Next, the adder 32 calculates the total value S of all data and the total number N of data. In this case,
S = 162 and N = 23. Then, the normalizing unit 34 calculates 1944 as the evaluation value H0 when there is no peak according to the above-described equation (2). Therefore, the normalization unit 3
By 4, the evaluation value H is divided by this H0, and a normalized evaluation value H / H0 is obtained as about 1.466. As described above, it is confirmed that the numerical sequence shown in FIG. 7A and the numerical sequence shown in FIG. 4A have the same clear peak.

As described above, according to the peak evaluation device of this configuration example, a numerical sequence in which the entire data value is multiplied by a constant, for example, a numerical sequence in which the detection resolutions at the time of measurement are different, etc. Each evaluation value in a numerical series in which the shape of the peak does not change but the measurement conditions are different is calculated equally. Therefore, it is possible to compare the numerical sequences when the observation conditions are different. For example, it is possible to compare histograms obtained from images of different resolutions, and to compare histograms obtained from different ranges of the image.

[0052]

According to the peak evaluation apparatus of the present invention, all data of the numerical sequence are rearranged in ascending or descending order of the data value, and the data values are added in this order. Then, each time a data value is added, a cumulative value is output, and the total value of the output cumulative values is obtained as an evaluation value.

Therefore, unlike the conventional case, the difference between the data of the neighbors is not calculated, so that noise is not picked up and the peak is not buried in the noise. Therefore, it becomes possible to determine the clarity of the peak that could not be determined due to noise or the like in the conventional method.

According to the peak evaluation device of the present invention, the evaluation value H0 when there is no peak is obtained, and the evaluation value H is divided by H0 and output. Thus, the evaluation value H is set to H0
By dividing by, the numerical sequence can be normalized. Therefore, it is possible to compare the peaks of the numerical series measured under different conditions.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a peak evaluation device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a numerical sequence.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a processing example of the related art.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a processing example according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an accumulation unit.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a peak evaluation device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a processing example according to the second embodiment;

[Explanation of symbols]

 10: Storage unit 12: Sorting unit 14: Accumulating unit 16: Integrating unit 18: Numerical sequence 20: Counting unit 22: Memory unit 32: Addition unit 34: Normalization unit 100, 110: Peak evaluation device 120: Input unit 130: Output section

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A storage unit for storing all data of a numerical series, a sort unit for reading data stored in the storage unit, sorting these data according to data values, and outputting data in the sort order. An accumulator for sequentially adding data input from the sorting unit and outputting a cumulative value each time the addition is performed; and a sum of the cumulative values input from the accumulator, the peak of the numerical sequence. A peak evaluation device comprising: an integration unit that outputs an evaluation value H indicating the clarity of the evaluation. 2. The peak evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein the accumulation unit includes a counting unit and a memory unit, wherein the counting unit includes data input from the sorting unit,
Adding the data stored in the memory unit and outputting the added value as the accumulated value, and recording the accumulated value in the memory unit instead of the data stored in the memory unit. Evaluation device. 3. The peak evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein all data of the numerical series stored in the storage unit are read, and a total value S of all data and a total data number N are counted and output. An adder, and an evaluation value H0 when there is no peak is output to the output S of the adder.
And a normalizing unit that divides the evaluation value H input from the integrating unit by the H0 and outputs the divided value by H0 = S × (N + 1) / 2. Evaluation device. 4. A step of storing all data of a numerical series in a storage unit, a step of reading data stored in the storage unit, and a step of sorting these data according to data values; And a step of outputting a cumulative value each time the addition is performed, and a step of outputting a total value of the output cumulative values as an evaluation value H indicating the clarity of the peak of the numerical sequence. Characteristic peak evaluation method. 5. The peak evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein all data of the numerical series stored in the storage unit are read, and a total value S of all data and a total number N of data are counted and output. And a step of obtaining an evaluation value H0 when there is no peak by using H and S and obtaining H0 = S × (N + 1) / 2, and dividing the evaluation value H by the H0 and outputting the result. A peak evaluation method.