JPH10186704A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the same, and electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in sliding property and in durability against both surface wear due to rubbing and occurrence of flaws by making the protective layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contain a resin hardened by use of specific polymerization initiators, the electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer and the protective layer on a support in that order. SOLUTION: In an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer on support in that order, the protective layer contains a resin hardened by use of a polymerization initiator represented by formula I and a polymerization initiator represented by formula II. In formula I, R1-1 to R1-8 represent hydrogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, sulfonic acid group, and halogen atom. In formula II, R2-1 to R2-10 represent hydrogen atom and an alkyl-substituted amino group, with at least one of R2-1 to R2-10 representing an alkyl-substituted amino group. In formula I, II, examples of the alkyl group are methyl group, ethyl group, and propyl group, and examples of the alkoxy group are methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, and the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor,
In particular, it relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface protective layer. Further, the present invention relates to a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member is required to have required electric characteristics, mechanical characteristics and optical characteristics according to an electrophotographic process to be used. In particular, since various electrical and mechanical external forces such as charging, development, transfer, and cleaning are directly applied to the surface layer of the photoreceptor, durability is required for them. In particular,
Such as rubbing ozone and generated during abrasion and scratch generation and charging of the surface by NO _x, or durability is required for such deterioration of the surface due to discharge. In addition, there is a problem that toner adheres to the surface layer due to repetition of development and cleaning, and it is required to improve the cleaning property of the surface layer.

Attempts have been made to provide a surface protective layer containing a resin as a main component in order to satisfy the characteristics required for the above-mentioned surface layer. For example, JP-A-57-30843 proposes a protective layer in which the resistance is controlled using a conductive metal oxide. The main purpose of this is to prevent an increase in residual potential due to repeated use by controlling the electric resistance of the protective layer itself, and when the appropriate resistance value of the protective layer is 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁵ Ω · cm. It is shown that there is.

[0004]

However, the resistance of the protective layer is susceptible to environmental changes.

[0005] In a particularly high humidity, corona products such as ozone and NO _x generated by the charging adheres to the surface,
The surface resistance of the photoreceptor is reduced, and image deletion is likely to occur.

In order to further extend the service life, an electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfying a higher level of the releasability of the resin itself and the durability against abrasion and scratches due to rubbing has been studied.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that meets the above-mentioned requirements. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent slipperiness and excellent durability against surface abrasion and scratches caused by rubbing.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a small change in resistance and capable of obtaining high-quality image even in all environments from low temperature and low humidity to high temperature and high humidity.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0010]

That is, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer on a support in this order, wherein the protective layer has the following formula (1):

[0011]

[Outside 3] (In the formula, R _{1-1 to} R _1-8 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a sulfonic acid group, and a halogen atom.)
And a polymerization initiator represented by the following formula (2):

[0012]

[Outside 4] (Wherein, R _{2-1 to} R _2-10 represent a hydrogen atom and an alkyl-substituted amino group, and at least one of R _{2-1 to} R _2-10 represents an alkyl-substituted amino group.) An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a resin cured using an agent.

Further, the present invention is a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0014]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the above formulas (1) and (2), examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group, and examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group and a propoxy group. Examples of the sulfonic acid group include groups of sulfonic acid and sulfonic acid salt, and examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom.

In the present invention, in that resistance is more stable, it is preferred that R _1-1 or R _1-8 in the formula (1) is a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group, in particular R _1-2 And R
It is preferable that _1-4 (or R _1-5 and R _1-7 ) is an alkyl group and the others are hydrogen atoms, and it is more preferable that such an alkyl group is an ethyl group. For the same reason, it is preferable that others are hydrogen atoms at least one alkyl-substituted amino group of R _2-3 and R _2-8 in formula (2), in particular R _2-3 and R ₂ Preferably, both _-8 are alkyl-substituted amino groups, and more preferably such alkyl-substituted amino groups are diethylamino groups.

Preferred examples of the polymerization initiator represented by the formulas (1) and (2) are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0017]

[Outside 5]

[0018]

[Outside 6]

[0019]

[Outside 7]

[0020]

[Outside 8]

[0021]

[Outside 9]

The protective layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is prepared by applying a protective layer solution containing the polymerization initiators represented by the above formulas (1) and (2) and a curable monomer onto the photosensitive layer, followed by drying. Thereafter, it can be obtained by irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays to cure the monomer.

The thickness of the protective layer is preferably from 0.2 to 7 μm, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 5 μm.

The proportion of the polymerization initiator represented by the above formula (1) is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the protective layer. Is preferred. The ratio of the polymerization initiator represented by the formula (2) is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the protective layer. preferable. The ratio of the polymerization initiator represented by the formula (2) to the polymerization initiator represented by the formula (1) is 10 to
Preferably, it is 500% by weight, especially 20 to 30%.
It is preferably 0%.

In the present invention, other known polymerization initiators and polymerization initiators may be used in combination as long as the remarkable effects of the present invention can be obtained.

Curable monomers that can be used in the present invention include acrylic monomers, styrene monomers, vinyl toluene monomers, vinyl acetate monomers and N-vinyl pyrrolidone monomers. Among these, acrylic monomers are preferred in terms of curability. In the present invention, these monomers may be used alone or as a mixture.

In the present invention, in order to control the resistance of the protective layer, the protective layer preferably contains conductive particles. Such a conductive particle is preferably a conductive metal oxide from the viewpoint of transparency. Examples of the conductive metal oxide include zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, indium oxide doped with tin oxide, tin oxide doped with antimony, and zirconium oxide. These metal oxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When two or more kinds are mixed, they may be in the form of solid solution or fusion. The conductive particles may be used by being dispersed in the protective layer solution.

The average particle size of the conductive particles is preferably not more than 0.3 μm from the viewpoint of transparency, particularly preferably 0.1 μm.
m or less. Further, various additives can be added for the purpose of improving the dispersibility of the conductive particles and the smoothness of the protective layer. In particular, regarding the improvement in dispersibility, it is very effective to perform a surface treatment on the conductive particles. As the surface treating agent, a fluorinated silane coupling agent, a fluorine-modified silicone oil, a fluorinated surfactant and a fluorinated graft polymer are preferred.

The ratio between the resin and the conductive particles is the main factor that determines the resistance of the protective layer, the resistance of the protective layer 10 ^{from 10} to ¹⁰
Set to be in the range of ¹⁵ Ω · cm.

In the present invention, fluorine atom-containing resin particles can be added for the purpose of further improving the surface lubricity of the protective layer. As fluorine atom-containing resin particles, tetrafluoroethylene resin, ethylene trifluoride chloride resin,
Propylene hexafluoride resin, vinyl fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride resin, ethylene difluoride ethylene chloride resin and copolymers thereof are listed, and one or more of these can be appropriately selected. However, it is particularly preferable to use an ethylene tetrafluoride resin and a vinylidene fluoride resin. The proportion of the fluorine atom-containing resin particles in the protective layer is preferably from 5% by weight to 70% by weight, and particularly preferably from 10% by weight to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the protective layer. The molecular weight of the resin and the particle size of the particles can be appropriately selected and are not particularly limited. Fluorine atom-containing resin particles may also be used by dispersing in the protective layer solution.

Further, in the present invention, an additive such as an antioxidant may be added to the protective layer for the purpose of improving weather resistance.

In the present invention, an intermediate layer may be provided between the photosensitive layer and the protective layer for the purpose of improving smoothness and durability.

Examples of the resin that can be used for the intermediate layer include polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl butyral resin,
Examples include polyamide resin, acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic copolymer, polyacrylic acid and its ester, polymethacrylic acid and its ester, cellulose, casein, and gelatin. The thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.01 to 10 μm,
Preferably, it is particularly preferably 0.1 to 3 μm. The intermediate layer may contain an antioxidant, a conductive material, an ultraviolet absorber, a surfactant, and the like.

Next, the photosensitive layer will be described. The photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be a single layer containing both a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance, or a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting substance. Any of a stacked type may be used. Hereinafter, the laminated photoconductor will be described.

The laminated photosensitive layer includes a layer in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated on a support in this order, and a layer in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in this order.

The charge transport layer comprises a polycyclic aromatic compound having a structure such as biphenylene, anthracene, pyrene and phenanthrene in the main chain or side chain, a nitrogen-containing ring compound such as indole, carbazole, oxadiazole and pyrazoline, and a hydrazone compound. And a coating liquid in which a charge transport material such as a styryl compound is dissolved in a resin having a film-forming property, and then dried. Examples of the resin having such a film forming property include polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polymethacrylate. The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 40.
μm, particularly preferably 10 to 30 μm.

In the case where the protective layer is provided so as to be in contact with the charge transport layer, if the charge transport material is migrated to the protective layer, the hardness of the protective layer may be adversely affected. In this regard, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a charge transport material having a structure represented by the following formula (3).

[0038]

[Outside 10] (Wherein R _3-1 and R _3-2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,
A hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aralkyl group and an aryl group, and R _3-3 , R _3-4 , R _3-5 and R _3-6
Represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group and an aryl group. )

In the above formula (3), the halogen atom is
Examples include a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and the alkyl group includes a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group, and the alkoxy group includes a methoxy group,
An ethoxy group, a propoxy group and the like can be mentioned, an aralkyl group can be a benzyl group and a phenethyl group, and an aryl group can be a phenyl group and a naphthyl group. Among these, R _3-1 and R _3-2
Is a methyl group, R _3-3 and R _3-5 are m-tolyl groups,
Preferably, _3-4 and R _3-6 are phenyl groups.

The charge generating layer is formed by vacuum-treating charge generating substances such as azo pigments such as Sudan Red and Diane Blue, quinone pigments such as pyrenequinone and anthantrone, quinocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo, and phthalocyanine pigments. It is formed by vapor deposition or by applying a dispersion liquid dispersed in a resin such as polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, and an acrylic resin, followed by drying. The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 μm or less, particularly preferably 0.1 μm or less.
It is preferably from 0.5 to 3 μm.

The support used in the present invention may be any as long as it has conductivity. For example, a metal or alloy such as aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc, and stainless steel is formed into a drum shape or a sheet shape, a metal foil such as aluminum or copper is laminated on a plastic film, aluminum, indium oxide, and oxide. Examples thereof include a material obtained by depositing tin or the like on a plastic film, a metal having a conductive layer formed by applying a conductive substance alone or together with a binder resin, a plastic film, and paper.

In the present invention, an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function may be provided between the support and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer can be formed of casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, alcohol-soluble amide, polyurethane, gelatin and the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is 0.1 μm to 3 μm
It is preferred that

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be generally applied to electrophotographic apparatuses such as copiers, laser printers, LED printers, and liquid crystal shutter printers.
The present invention can be widely applied to devices such as light printing, plate making, and facsimile.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotated around an axis 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow. The photoreceptor 1 rotates during the rotation process.
The peripheral surface thereof is uniformly charged with a predetermined positive or negative potential by the primary charging unit 3 and then receives image exposure light 4 from an image exposure unit (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. Thus, an electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then transferred to developing means 5
The toner-developed image developed by the above-described process is transferred to a transfer material 7 fed from a paper supply unit (not shown) between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer unit 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the photoconductor 1. The image is sequentially transferred by the transfer unit 6.

The transfer material 7 having undergone the image transfer is separated from the photoreceptor surface, introduced into the image fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing, thereby being printed out of the apparatus as a copy.

After the transfer of the image, the surface of the photoreceptor 1 is cleaned by removing the untransferred toner by the cleaning means 9, and is further cleaned by a pre-exposure light 10 from a pre-exposure means (not shown).
Is used for image formation repeatedly after the charge removal processing. When the primary charging unit 3 is a contact charging unit using a charging roller or the like, the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, a plurality of components such as the above-described electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, primary charging means 3, developing means 5 and cleaning means 9 are integrally connected as a process cartridge. The process cartridge may be configured to be detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, a process in which at least one of the primary charging unit 3, the developing unit 5, and the cleaning unit 9 is integrally supported together with the photoreceptor 1 to form a cartridge, and can be attached to and detached from the apparatus main body by using a guide unit such as the rail 12 of the apparatus main body. The cartridge 11 can be used.

When the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the image exposure light 4 is reflected and transmitted from the original, or the original is read by a sensor and converted into a signal. Laser beam scanning,
Light emitted by driving the LED array, driving the liquid crystal shutter array, and the like.

[0051]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples.

(Example 1) An alcohol-soluble polyamide resin (Amilan CM-
8000 Toray Industries, Inc.) 10 (parts by weight, hereinafter the same)
And methoxymethylated 6 nylon resin (Toresin EF-
30T made by Teikoku Science Co., Ltd.) 30 parts with methanol 15
A solution dissolved in a mixed solvent of 0 parts and 150 parts of butanol was applied by dip coating and dried at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a subbing layer having a thickness of 1 μm.

Next, the following formula is used as the charge generating material.

[0054]

[Outside 11] Was added to a solution obtained by dispersing 4 parts of a disazo pigment represented by the following formula, 2 parts of butyral resin (manufactured by Esrec BL-S Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts of cyclohexanone for 48 hours with a sand mill, and 100 parts of tetrahydrofuran (THF). A dispersion for a charge generation layer was obtained. This dispersion was dip-coated on the undercoat layer and dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes to form a 0.15 μm-thick charge generation layer.

Next, the following formula is used as the charge transport material.

[0056]

[Outside 12] A solution obtained by dissolving 10 parts of a fluorene compound represented by the following formula and 10 parts of a polycarbonate resin (Iupilon Z-200 manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) in a mixed solvent of 20 parts of dichloromethane and 60 parts of monochlorobenzene is provided on the charge generation layer. By dip coating and drying at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes, a charge transport layer having a thickness of 18 μm was formed.

Next, a solution for the protective layer was obtained by the following procedure.

Antimony-containing tin oxide fine particles having an average particle size of 0.02 μm (T-1 manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation) 10
0 parts, 30 parts of (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxysilane (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 300 parts of a 95% ethanol-5% aqueous solution were subjected to a milling treatment. This solution was filtered, washed with ethanol, and dried.
The surface treatment of the fine particles was performed by performing the heat treatment for a long time.

200 parts of the obtained fine particles, 100 parts of an acrylic monomer represented by the following formula,

[0060]

[Outside 13] The exemplified compound No. (1) 15 parts of polymerization initiator of -8,
The exemplified compound No. (2) 15 parts of the polymerization initiator of -6 and 300 parts of toluene were mixed and dispersed in a sand mill for 96 hours. This dispersion was mixed with 100 parts of tetrafluoroethylene resin particles (Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) and dispersed by a sand mill for another 4 hours.
A solution for the protective layer was obtained.

This solution was spray-coated on the charge transport layer, dried and then 1000 mW with a metal halide lamp.
By irradiating with ultraviolet light at a light intensity of / cm ² for 20 seconds, a protective layer having a thickness of 4 μm was formed.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor thus prepared was mounted on a copying machine in which a charging-exposure-regular development-transfer-cleaning process was repeated in a cycle of 1.5 seconds.
The charging characteristics and the initial image characteristics were evaluated at 50 ° C. and 50% normal temperature and normal humidity (N / N).
Under L) and under high temperature and high humidity (H / H) of 35 ° C. and 85%, the initial image characteristics were evaluated. Furthermore, under normal temperature and normal humidity, 5
A repetitive image output durability test of 000 sheets was performed. As the charging characteristics, the dark area potential (Vd), the sensitivity (E _{Δ50 0} ), and the residual potential (Vr) were measured. The dark portion potential is the surface potential of the photoconductor when discharged at a corona discharge voltage of −5 KV, and the larger the value, the better the charging ability. Also,
Sensitivity is calculated by changing the absolute value of the surface potential of the photoconductor from 700 V to
This is the amount of exposure necessary to attenuate the voltage to 0 V, and the smaller the value, the better. The residual potential was the surface potential after exposure with an exposure amount of 10 lux · sec.

Table 1 shows the results.

Examples 2 to 4 Electrophotographic photosensitive members were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts of the polymerization initiators used were as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 shows the results.

Example 5 The charge transporting material used was represented by the following formula:

[0067]

[Outside 14] An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the styryl compound represented by the following formula was used.

Table 1 shows the results.

[0069]

[Table 1]

Example 6 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersion for the charge generation layer was obtained as follows.

As the charge generating substance, the diffraction angles 2θ ± 0.2 ° in the CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction are 9.0, 14.2.
4 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine having strong peaks at °, 23.9 ° and 27.1 °, polyvinyl butyral (trade name: Esrec BM-2, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.)
After 2 parts and 80 parts of cyclohexanone were dispersed in a sand mill using φ1 mm glass beads for 4 hours, 115 parts of methyl ethyl ketone was added to obtain a dispersion for a charge generation layer.

The obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member was repeated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the process of charging-exposure-reverse development-transfer-cleaning was repeated in a cycle of 1.0 second, and the device was mounted on a laser beam printer having a process cartridge. Was evaluated. However, for the evaluation of the charging characteristics, a process cartridge from which the developing means and the cleaning means were removed was used, and the sensitivity (E _Δ500 ) was the exposure amount required to attenuate the absolute value of the surface potential of the photoreceptor from 650 V to 150 _V. The residual potential (Vr) was defined as the surface potential of the photoconductor immediately after the primary charging was stopped while the laser was irradiated and the photoconductor was rotated four times. The number of durable sheets was 6,000.

Table 2 shows the results.

Examples 7 to 9 Electrophotographic photosensitive members were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the types and amounts of the polymerization initiators used were as shown in Table 2.

Table 2 shows the results.

Example 10 The charge transporting material used was represented by the following formula:

[0077]

[Outside 15] An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the styryl compound represented by the following formula was used.

Table 2 shows the results.

[0079]

[Table 2]

(Comparative Example 1) An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the protective layer was not formed. As a result, as shown in Table 3, the initial charging and image characteristics were good, but image defects (streaks) due to scraping of the photoreceptor occurred from around 7,500 sheets.

Comparative Example 2 The polymerization initiator was exemplified compound N
o. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only 15 parts of the compound (1) -9 was used. As a result, as shown in Table 3, image blur occurred in H / H.

(Comparative Example 3) The polymerization initiator was exemplified compound N
o. An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only 15 parts of the compound (2) -6 was used. However, the photoreceptor was not sufficiently cured and could not be evaluated.

(Comparative Example 4) (1) -8
The polymerization initiator of the following formula A

[0084]

[Outside 16] An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerization initiator represented by the following formula was used. As a result, as shown in Table 3, the charging characteristics and the initial image characteristics in N / N and L / L were good, but good images could not be obtained from about 10,000 sheets. In addition, image blur occurred in H / H.

(Comparative Example 5) (2) -6
The polymerization initiator of the following formula B

[0086]

[Outside 17] An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerization initiator represented by the following formula was used. As a result, as shown in Table 3, image blur occurred in H / H.

[0087]

[Table 3]

[0088]

As described above, according to the present invention, since the lubricating property, mechanical durability and environmental stability of the protective layer are greatly improved, the image quality can be maintained even after repeated use without impairing the electrophotographic characteristics. The present invention has provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of obtaining a stable image with good quality, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Tetsuro Kanamaru 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Norihiro Kikuchi 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside (72) Inventor Mitsuhiro Kunieda 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (72) Inventor Koichi Nakata 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. ( 72) Inventor Takakazu Tanaka 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Inside Canon Inc.

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer on a support in this order, wherein the protective layer has the following formula (1): (In the formula, R _{1-1 to} R _1-8 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a sulfonic acid group, and a halogen atom.)
And a polymerization initiator represented by the following formula (2): (Wherein, R _{2-1 to} R _2-10 represent a hydrogen atom and an alkyl-substituted amino group, and at least one of R _{2-1 to} R _2-10 represents an alkyl-substituted amino group.) An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a resin cured using an agent. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein R _{1-1 to} R _1-8 are a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein R _1-2 and R _1-4 are alkyl groups.
3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 2, wherein _1-1 , R _1-3 and R _{1-5 to} R _1-8 are hydrogen atoms. 4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3, wherein the alkyl group is an ethyl group. 5. R _2-3 and R _2-10 out of R _{2-1 to} R _2-10.
5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein at least one of _2-8 is an alkyl-substituted amino group and a group other than the alkyl-substituted amino group is a hydrogen atom. 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 5, wherein both R _2-3 and R _2-8 are alkyl-substituted amino groups. 7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 6, wherein the alkyl-substituted amino group is a diethylamino group. 8. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the cured resin is an acrylic resin. 9. An electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit and a cleaning unit are integrally supported. A process cartridge which is detachable from a main body. 10. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1; a charging unit; a developing unit; and a transfer unit.