JPH0999064A - Hollow fiber type blood purifying device - Google Patents
Hollow fiber type blood purifying deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0999064A JPH0999064A JP28452095A JP28452095A JPH0999064A JP H0999064 A JPH0999064 A JP H0999064A JP 28452095 A JP28452095 A JP 28452095A JP 28452095 A JP28452095 A JP 28452095A JP H0999064 A JPH0999064 A JP H0999064A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hollow fiber
- housing
- water
- blood
- swellable material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、中空糸型血液浄化
器、特にハウジング内への中空糸束の装填が容易で、透
析性能の安定化にも寄与する中空糸型血液浄化器に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a hollow fiber blood purifier, and more particularly to a hollow fiber blood purifier that facilitates loading of a hollow fiber bundle into a housing and contributes to stabilization of dialysis performance.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】図８は、血液を透析濾過して浄化させる
血液浄化器（透析器、ダイアライザー）の説明図であ
り、血液浄化器１０は、筒状のハウジング２内に中空糸
の束３を装填し、中空糸束３の両端部をハウジング２の
両端部に接着剤等により固定４し、ハウジング２の両端
部をキャップ５ａ，５ｂにより被覆してなる。そして、
ハウジング２の側部で一方の端部近傍には、ハウジング
２内に透析液を導入する透析液導入口６ａを、他方の端
部近傍には、透析液を排出する透析液排出口６ｂをそれ
ぞれ突出形成してある。また、一方のキャップ５ａには
ハウジング２内に血液を導入する血液導入口７ａを、他
方のキャップ５ｂには血液を排出する血液排出口７ｂを
それぞれ突出形成してある。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a blood purifier (dialyzer, dialyzer) for purifying blood by diafiltration, and a blood purifier 10 includes a hollow housing 2 and a bundle 3 of hollow fibers. Is loaded, both ends of the hollow fiber bundle 3 are fixed to both ends of the housing 2 with an adhesive or the like 4, and both ends of the housing 2 are covered with caps 5a and 5b. And
A dialysate inlet 6a for introducing dialysate into the housing 2 is provided near one end on the side of the housing 2, and a dialysate outlet 6b for discharging dialysate is provided near the other end. It is formed protruding. Further, one cap 5a is formed with a blood inlet 7a for introducing blood into the housing 2, and the other cap 5b is formed with a blood outlet 7b for discharging blood.
【０００３】そして、血液は、矢印Ａに示すように、血
液導入口７ａからキャップ５ａと中空糸束３の一方の端
面とにより形成される空間内に入り、中空糸束３の中空
糸の中を通り、中空糸束３の他方の端面とキャップ５ｂ
とにより形成される空間内に入り、血液排出口７ｂから
矢印Ｂに示すように排出される。一方、透析液は、矢印
Ｃに示すように、透析液導入口６ａからハウジング２内
に入り、中空糸束３の中空糸の外側を流れ、矢印Ｄに示
すように、透析液排出口６ｂから排出される。このと
き、透析される血液の流れと透析液の流れとは逆方向の
所謂対向流とする。この間に、中空糸内を流れる血液中
の老廃物が中空糸の壁（膜）を通して外側の透析液中に
透析される。Blood enters the space formed by the cap 5a and one end surface of the hollow fiber bundle 3 from the blood inlet 7a, as shown by the arrow A, inside the hollow fibers of the hollow fiber bundle 3. Through the other end surface of the hollow fiber bundle 3 and the cap 5b.
It enters the space formed by and is discharged from the blood discharge port 7b as shown by arrow B. On the other hand, the dialysate enters the housing 2 from the dialysate inlet 6a as shown by the arrow C, flows outside the hollow fibers of the hollow fiber bundle 3 and, as shown by the arrow D, from the dialysate outlet 6b. Is discharged. At this time, the flow of dialyzed blood and the flow of dialysate are so-called counter flows in opposite directions. During this period, waste products in the blood flowing through the hollow fiber are dialyzed into the outer dialysate through the wall (membrane) of the hollow fiber.
【０００４】かかる血液浄化器における各中空糸は内径
１００〜５００μｍ程度、膜厚数〜数十μｍ程度であ
り、その機械的強度は低い。また、中空糸は血液浄化器
を用いて血液を浄化する際、溶質等の物質移動を行う非
常に重要な部分である。従って、ハウジング内に中空糸
の束を装填するに際しては、中空糸を傷つけないよう非
常に慎重性を要するところである。Each hollow fiber in such a blood purifier has an inner diameter of about 100 to 500 μm and a film thickness of about several to several tens of μm, and its mechanical strength is low. Further, the hollow fiber is a very important part for transferring mass such as solute when purifying blood using a blood purifier. Therefore, when loading a bundle of hollow fibers into the housing, great care must be taken not to damage the hollow fibers.
【０００５】ところで、中空糸束をハウジング内に装填
し易くするには、ハウジング内径に対して中空糸の本数
を減らし中空糸の束径を小さくする、即ち、ハウジング
の糸束収容部の断面積に対する糸束の断面積の割合を小
さくすることが効果的であるが、そうすると、中空糸束
をハウジング内に収容し、中空糸束の両端をハウジング
両端部に固定し、各中空糸をハウジング内に分散させた
とき、ハウジング内に中空糸の疎の部分と密の部分を生
じ易く、疎の部分で透析液がショートパスし、透析性能
のばらつきの原因となる。By the way, in order to easily load the hollow fiber bundle into the housing, the number of hollow fibers is reduced relative to the inner diameter of the housing to reduce the bundle diameter of the hollow fibers, that is, the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle accommodating portion of the housing. It is effective to reduce the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle to the hollow fiber bundle, but by doing so, the hollow fiber bundle is housed in the housing, both ends of the hollow fiber bundle are fixed to both ends of the housing, and each hollow fiber is housed in the housing. When dispersed in a hollow fiber, a sparse portion and a dense portion of the hollow fiber are likely to occur in the housing, and the dialysate short-passes in the sparse portion, which causes variations in dialysis performance.
【０００６】ハウジング内に収容した中空糸に疎密のば
らつきを少なくし、透析性能を安定化させるためには、
中空糸の本数を増せばよいが、そうすると、中空糸の束
径が増し、中空糸束の外面とハウジングの内面との隙間
が小さくなり、中空糸束のハウジング内への装填が困難
となる。In order to stabilize the dialysis performance by reducing the unevenness of the density of the hollow fibers contained in the housing,
Although it is sufficient to increase the number of hollow fibers, the diameter of the bundle of hollow fibers increases, the gap between the outer surface of the hollow fiber bundle and the inner surface of the housing becomes small, and it becomes difficult to load the hollow fiber bundle into the housing.
【０００７】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで、本発明の目的
とするところは、透析性能の安定化をもたらすととも
に、ハウジング内への中空糸束の装填を容易にして生産
性の向上に寄与し、また血中の老廃物の除去性能の向上
にも寄与する中空糸型血液浄化器を提供することにあ
る。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to stabilize the dialysis performance and to facilitate the loading of the hollow fiber bundle into the housing, thereby contributing to the improvement of productivity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a hollow fiber type blood purifier that contributes to the improvement of the removal performance of waste products in blood.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
に、本発明の中空糸型血液浄化器は、筒状のハウジング
内に中空糸の束を装填してなる中空糸型血液浄化器にお
いて、ハウジングの内面に水膨潤性素材を設けてなるこ
と、を特徴としている。前記水膨潤性素材が膨潤した際
の、ハウジングの糸束収容部の断面積に対する糸束の断
面積の比率を３０〜９０％の範囲とすることが好まし
い。また、ハウジングの内面の軸方向の中間部に前記水
膨潤性素材を設けるのが好ましい。In order to solve the above problems, the hollow fiber blood purifier of the present invention is a hollow fiber blood purifier in which a bundle of hollow fibers is loaded in a cylindrical housing. The water swelling material is provided on the inner surface of the housing. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle to the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle accommodating portion of the housing when the water-swellable material is swollen is preferably in the range of 30 to 90%. Further, it is preferable to provide the water-swellable material on an axially intermediate portion of the inner surface of the housing.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】以下本発明の血液浄化器の実施の
形態を図面を参照しつつ説明する。図１は本発明の中空
糸型血液浄化器の一例であって水膨潤性素材の膨潤前の
状態の断面図、図２は図１における水膨潤性素材の膨潤
後の状態の断面図、図３は図２におけるハウジング中央
部の拡大した横断面図、図４はハウジングと中空糸の拡
大した横断面図、図５は水膨潤性素材の膨潤前後の様子
を示す横断面図、図６はハウジングの内面の中央部に水
膨潤性素材を設けた血液浄化器とその血液浄化器内の圧
力勾配を示す模式図、図７は水膨潤性素材の配置の他の
例を示す横断面図である。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a blood purifier according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is an example of a hollow fiber blood purifier of the present invention, a cross-sectional view of a water-swellable material before swelling, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the water-swellable material after swelling, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the central part of the housing in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the housing and the hollow fiber, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the state before and after the swelling of the water-swellable material, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a blood purifier in which a water-swellable material is provided at the center of the inner surface of the housing and a pressure gradient in the blood purifier, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the arrangement of the water-swellable material. is there.
【００１０】本発明の血液浄化器１は、筒状のハウジン
グ２内に中空糸の束３を装填してなる中空糸型血液浄化
器において、ハウジング２の内面に水膨潤性素材８を設
けてなるものである。水膨潤性素材８を除く他の構造
は、上述の従来の中空糸型血液浄化器と同様である。こ
こで、ハウジング２の材質としては、ポリカーボネイ
ト、ポリスチレン、ＡＢＳ樹脂等の各種プラスチックが
用いられる。また、ハウジング２は筒状であれば、円筒
状、角筒状など適宜の形状のものを用いることができる
が、通常は円筒状である。中空糸としては、再生セルロ
ース、ポリエステル系ポリマーアロイ（ＰＥＰＡ）、エ
チレンビニルアルコール共重合体（ＥＶＡＬ）その他各
種の合成高分子中空繊維が挙げられる。中空糸の内径は
１００〜５００μｍ程度、膜厚は数〜数十μｍ程度であ
る。The blood purifier 1 of the present invention is a hollow fiber type blood purifier in which a bundle 3 of hollow fibers is loaded in a cylindrical housing 2 and a water swelling material 8 is provided on the inner surface of the housing 2. It will be. The structure other than the water-swellable material 8 is the same as that of the conventional hollow fiber blood purifier described above. Here, as the material of the housing 2, various plastics such as polycarbonate, polystyrene, and ABS resin are used. Further, as long as the housing 2 has a tubular shape, an appropriate shape such as a cylindrical shape or a square tubular shape can be used, but it is usually a cylindrical shape. Examples of the hollow fiber include regenerated cellulose, polyester polymer alloy (PEPA), ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) and various synthetic polymer hollow fibers. The hollow fiber has an inner diameter of about 100 to 500 μm and a film thickness of about several to several tens of μm.
【００１１】ハウジング２の内面に設ける水膨潤性素材
８は、ハウジング２の内面の略全面に亘って設けてもよ
く、軸方向の一部又は複数箇所に設けてもよく、或いは
図７の横断面図に示すように周方向に複数箇所に分割し
て設けてもよい。軸方向の中間部（中央部）に設けた場
合には、後述するように、濾過による溶質除去効率をよ
り高めることができる。The water-swellable material 8 provided on the inner surface of the housing 2 may be provided over substantially the entire inner surface of the housing 2, may be provided at a part or a plurality of positions in the axial direction, or may be provided in the transverse direction of FIG. As shown in the plan view, it may be divided into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction. When it is provided at the intermediate portion (central portion) in the axial direction, the solute removal efficiency by filtration can be further enhanced, as described later.
【００１２】ここで、水膨潤性素材としては、水に膨潤
後の体積が膨潤前の体積より大きくなるものであれば特
に制限はないが、非水溶性、低透水性、耐滅菌性である
ことを要する。水に溶解したのでは、膨潤後その体積を
維持できず、また透析液を汚染するおそれもある。透水
性のものでは、透析液の有効利用が図れない。血液浄化
器を組立て後、γ線、蒸気、エチレンオキサイドガス等
による滅菌を行うが、かかる滅菌処理に対して安定性を
有するものでなければならない。このような材料とし
て、例えば吸水性ウレタン等が挙げられる。The water-swellable material is not particularly limited as long as the volume after swelling in water is larger than the volume before swelling, but it is water-insoluble, low water-permeable, and sterilization resistant. Requires that. If it is dissolved in water, its volume cannot be maintained after swelling, and the dialysate may be contaminated. If it is water permeable, the dialysate cannot be effectively used. After the blood purifier is assembled, it is sterilized with γ-rays, steam, ethylene oxide gas, etc., but it must be stable against such sterilization treatment. Examples of such a material include water-absorbing urethane.
【００１３】上記水膨潤性素材８が膨潤した際の、ハウ
ジング２の糸束収容部の断面積に対する糸束３の断面積
の比率（以下、中空糸充填率という）を３０〜９０％の
範囲とするのが好ましく、さらに好ましくは５０〜７０
％の範囲とする。中空糸充填率が３０％未満では、中空
糸をハウジング２内に均一に分散させるのが困難とな
り、透析液のショートパス（偏流）を起こしやすく、透
析性能のばらつきの原因となる。一方９０％を越えると
尿素や尿酸等の低分子量物質の拡散による除去効率を低
下させるおそれがある。５０〜７０％の範囲が、透析性
能にばらつきがより少なく拡散による除去効率も高く良
好な範囲である。When the water-swellable material 8 swells, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle 3 to the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle accommodating portion of the housing 2 (hereinafter referred to as hollow fiber filling rate) is in the range of 30 to 90%. And more preferably 50 to 70
The range is%. When the hollow fiber filling rate is less than 30%, it becomes difficult to uniformly disperse the hollow fibers in the housing 2, and a short path (differential flow) of the dialysate is likely to occur, which causes variations in dialysis performance. On the other hand, if it exceeds 90%, the removal efficiency due to diffusion of low molecular weight substances such as urea and uric acid may be reduced. The range of 50 to 70% is a good range in which there is less variation in dialysis performance and the removal efficiency by diffusion is high.
【００１４】次に中空糸充填率Ｘをさらに詳しく説明す
る。ハウジングの糸束収容部の断面積をＳ、糸束の断面
積をｓとすれば、中空糸充填率Ｘは下記式１で示され
る。Next, the hollow fiber filling rate X will be described in more detail. When the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle accommodating portion of the housing is S and the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle is s, the hollow fiber filling rate X is represented by the following formula 1.
【００１５】[0015]
【数１】Ｘ＝（ｓ／Ｓ）×１００（％）[Formula 1] X = (s / S) × 100 (%)
【００１６】ここで、ハウジング２の糸束収容部の断面
積Ｓは、円筒状のハウジングであって、水膨潤性素材８
をハウジング２内に周方向の全面に亘って設けた場合、
膨潤後の水膨潤性素材８の内径を２Ｒとすれば、Ｓ＝π
Ｒ2 で示される。なお、水膨潤性素材をハウジング２内
に設けない従来の円筒状ハウジングにあっては、ハウジ
ング内径を２Ｒ´とすれば、Ｓ＝πＲ´2 で示される。
また、糸束３の断面積ｓは、各中空糸９の内径を２ｒ、
膜厚をｔ、中空糸９の本数をｎとすれば、ｓ＝π（ｒ＋
ｔ）2 ×ｎで示される。従って、中空糸充填率Ｘは下記
式２で示される。Here, the cross-sectional area S of the yarn bundle accommodating portion of the housing 2 is a cylindrical housing, and the water-swellable material 8
When is provided in the housing 2 over the entire surface in the circumferential direction,
If the inner diameter of the water-swellable material 8 after swelling is 2R, S = π
It is represented by R 2 . In the case of the conventional cylindrical housing in which the water-swellable material is not provided in the housing 2, if the housing inner diameter is 2R ', then S = πR' 2 .
Further, the cross-sectional area s of the yarn bundle 3 is such that the inner diameter of each hollow fiber 9 is 2r,
If the film thickness is t and the number of hollow fibers 9 is n, then s = π (r +
t) 2 × n. Therefore, the hollow fiber filling rate X is expressed by the following equation 2.
【００１７】[0017]
【数２】Ｘ＝〔｛π（ｒ＋ｔ）2 ×ｎ｝／πＲ2 〕×１
００（％） 又は、Ｘ＝〔｛π（ｒ＋ｔ）2 ×ｎ｝／πＲ´2 〕×１
００（％）## EQU2 ## X = [{π (r + t) 2 × n} / πR 2 ] × 1
00 (%) or X = [{π (r + t) 2 × n} / πR ′ 2 ] × 1
00 (%)
【００１８】本発明の血液浄化器１を組立てるには、筒
状のハウジング２の内面に水膨潤性素材８を貼付けた
後、中空糸の束３をハウジング２内に装填し、以後の工
程は従来と同様に、中空糸束３の両端をハウジング両端
部に接着剤等で固定４し、ハウジング２の両端部にキャ
ップ５ａ，５ｂを取付けて組立てる。ところで、ハウジ
ング２内に中空糸束３を装填する際、ハウジング２の内
径と中空糸束径とが近く、中空糸束３の外面とハウジン
グ２の内面との隙間が小さいと、装填作業性が著しく低
下する。本発明によれば、中空糸束３をハウジング２内
に装填した後で水膨潤性素材８を膨潤させることによ
り、膨潤前の中空糸充填率に対して膨潤後の中空糸充填
率を実質的に高めることができる。従って、ハウジング
２内に中空糸束３を装填する際、ハウジング２の内径に
対して中空糸束径を小さくし、中空糸束３の外面とハウ
ジング２の糸束収容部の内面との隙間を大きくとること
ができるから、装填作業性が著しく向上し、自動化も容
易となる。なお、中空糸充填率を高める理由は、透析液
のショートパスによる透析性能のばらつきを防止するた
めである。In order to assemble the blood purifier 1 of the present invention, the water-swellable material 8 is attached to the inner surface of the cylindrical housing 2 and then the hollow fiber bundle 3 is loaded into the housing 2 and the subsequent steps are carried out. As in the conventional case, both ends of the hollow fiber bundle 3 are fixed to both ends of the housing 4 with an adhesive or the like, and caps 5a and 5b are attached to both ends of the housing 2 for assembly. By the way, when the hollow fiber bundle 3 is loaded into the housing 2, if the inner diameter of the housing 2 and the hollow fiber bundle diameter are close to each other and the gap between the outer surface of the hollow fiber bundle 3 and the inner surface of the housing 2 is small, loading workability is improved. Markedly reduced. According to the present invention, by swelling the water-swellable material 8 after loading the hollow fiber bundle 3 into the housing 2, the hollow fiber filling rate after swelling is substantially higher than the hollow fiber filling rate before swelling. Can be increased to Therefore, when the hollow fiber bundle 3 is loaded in the housing 2, the diameter of the hollow fiber bundle is made smaller than the inner diameter of the housing 2, and the gap between the outer surface of the hollow fiber bundle 3 and the inner surface of the yarn bundle housing portion of the housing 2 is made smaller. Since it can be made large, the loading workability is remarkably improved, and automation is also facilitated. The reason why the hollow fiber filling rate is increased is to prevent the dialysis performance from varying due to a short path of the dialysate.
【００１９】中空糸のタイプ、主に材質と膜の孔との関
係により、最適の中空糸充填率が一般に異なる。限られ
たハウジングで、市場のニーズに応じた多種の血液浄化
器を、最適の中空糸充填率で製造するのは困難である。
本発明によれば、水膨潤性素材の厚さと膨張率を適宜選
択することにより、限られたハウジングで、最適の中空
糸充填率を有する血液浄化器を製造することが可能とな
る。The optimum hollow fiber packing ratio generally differs depending on the type of hollow fiber, mainly the relationship between the material and the pores of the membrane. With a limited housing, it is difficult to manufacture various blood purifiers that meet the needs of the market with an optimum hollow fiber filling rate.
According to the present invention, by appropriately selecting the thickness and expansion rate of the water-swellable material, it is possible to manufacture a blood purifier having an optimum hollow fiber filling rate with a limited housing.
【００２０】本発明によれば、中空糸充填率を高めるこ
とができるので、ハウジング内での中空糸の揺れを全体
的に少なくでき、また水膨潤性素材を軸方向の中間部に
設ければ、該部分で中空糸の保持機能をもつので、中空
糸の揺れを少なくできる。従って、中空糸の機械的強度
の低下を予防でき、中空糸の膜の破損によるリークを防
止でき、血液浄化器の品質の安定化にも寄与する。According to the present invention, since the hollow fiber filling rate can be increased, the swaying of the hollow fibers in the housing can be reduced as a whole, and a water-swellable material can be provided at the intermediate portion in the axial direction. Since the hollow fiber has a function of holding the hollow fiber in this portion, the swinging of the hollow fiber can be reduced. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the hollow fiber can be prevented from lowering, the leak due to the breakage of the membrane of the hollow fiber can be prevented, and the quality of the blood purifier can be stabilized.
【００２１】次に、血液浄化器の溶質除去機序について
説明する。血液浄化器内では圧力損失が生じる。血液側
は、血液導入口から血液排出口に至る間に流路面積に変
化がないため、圧力損失は一定の割合で起こる、即ち図
６（ｂ）のｃで示すように、圧力は直線状に変化する。
一方、透析液側も同様に、流路面積に変化がなければ、
破線ａに示すような直線状の圧力勾配を示すものと予想
される。Next, the solute removal mechanism of the blood purifier will be described. Pressure loss occurs in the blood purifier. On the blood side, since there is no change in the flow passage area from the blood inlet to the blood outlet, pressure loss occurs at a constant rate, that is, the pressure is linear as shown by c in FIG. 6 (b). Changes to.
On the other hand, if there is no change in the flow path area on the dialysate side,
It is expected to show a linear pressure gradient as shown by the broken line a.
【００２２】図６（ｂ）中ｘ部、ｙ部について、ｘ部は
血液側圧力が透析液側圧力よりも高いため、血液→透析
液への濾過が起こる。この部分では、血液は血液浄化器
内に導入されたばかりで、血中の老廃物濃度の最も高い
ところである。一方、ｙ部は透析液側圧力が血液側圧力
よりも高いため、透析液→血液への濾過がおこる。この
部分では、透析液は血液浄化器内に導入されたばかり
で、最も清浄な液である。このように、血液側と透析液
側の圧力差を利用して血中の老廃物を除去するには、血
液浄化器中での血液と透析液の流れを逆方向（対向流）
にすることが重要である。As for the x part and the y part in FIG. 6 (b), since the blood side pressure is higher than the dialysate side pressure in the x part, filtration from blood to dialysate occurs. In this part, blood has just been introduced into the blood purifier and is where the highest concentration of waste products in the blood. On the other hand, in the y portion, the pressure on the dialysate side is higher than the pressure on the blood side, so that filtration from dialysate to blood occurs. In this part, the dialysate has just been introduced into the blood purifier and is the cleanest fluid. In this way, in order to remove waste products in the blood by utilizing the pressure difference between the blood side and the dialysate side, the blood and dialysate flow in the blood purifier are reversed (counterflow).
It is important to
【００２３】ここで、水膨潤性素材８をハウジング２の
内面の軸方向の中間部、例えば図６（ａ）に示すように
軸方向の中央部に設けた場合には、該水膨潤性素材部８
で透析液の流路が狭められ、該部分での圧力損失が大き
くなり、図６（ｂ）のｂで示すような圧力勾配を示すも
のと予想される。従って、該水膨潤性素材部８を挟ん
で、透析液導入口側の圧力のより高い部分と透析液排出
口側の圧力のより低い部分を形成させることが可能とな
る。このように、ハウジング２の内面の軸方向の中間部
に水膨潤性素材８を設けることにより、血液側と透析液
側との圧力差をより大きくすることができ、上記濾過効
率をより高めることができる。即ち、ｘ部において、水
膨潤性素材を設けない場合に比べ、血液側と透析液側と
の圧力差がより大きいため、血液→透析液への濾過がよ
り円滑に行われ、しかもｘ部は血中の老廃物濃度の最も
高いところであるので、血中の老廃物を効率よく除去す
ることができる。一方ｙ部においても、水膨潤性素材を
設けない場合に比べ、血液側と透析液側との圧力差がよ
り大きいため、透析液→血液への濾過がより円滑に行わ
れ、清浄な透析液を血中により効率よく移動させること
ができる。なお、圧力差が大きすぎると、中空糸の機械
的強度が大きくなく破損し易いので、適度な圧力差とな
るよう水膨潤性素材の厚さ、膨張率、設置幅（ｗ）、設
置位置を適宜調整する。Here, when the water-swellable material 8 is provided in the axially intermediate portion of the inner surface of the housing 2, for example, in the axial central portion as shown in FIG. 6A, the water-swellable material 8 is provided. Part 8
It is expected that the flow path of the dialysate is narrowed due to the increase in pressure loss at that portion, and a pressure gradient as shown by b in FIG. 6B is exhibited. Therefore, it is possible to form a portion having a higher pressure on the dialysate inlet side and a portion having a lower pressure on the dialysate outlet side with the water-swellable material portion 8 interposed therebetween. In this way, by providing the water-swellable material 8 at the axially intermediate portion of the inner surface of the housing 2, the pressure difference between the blood side and the dialysate side can be increased, and the filtration efficiency can be further increased. You can That is, in the x part, the pressure difference between the blood side and the dialysate side is larger than that in the case where the water-swellable material is not provided, so that the blood → dialysis solution is filtered more smoothly, and the x part is Since the concentration of waste products in blood is the highest, waste products in blood can be efficiently removed. On the other hand, also in the y portion, since the pressure difference between the blood side and the dialysate side is larger than that in the case where the water-swellable material is not provided, the dialysate → blood is filtered more smoothly and a clean dialysate is obtained. Can be more efficiently moved into the blood. Note that if the pressure difference is too large, the mechanical strength of the hollow fiber is not large and it is easy to break, so the thickness, expansion rate, installation width (w), and installation position of the water-swellable material should be adjusted so that the pressure difference is appropriate. Adjust accordingly.
【００２４】[0024]
【実施例】内半径が１９mm〜２１mmの円筒状のハウジン
グ２の内面に、膨張率（体積膨張率）が２００〜４００
％で厚さ１〜２mmのシート状の水膨潤性素材８（エーテ
ル型ポリウレタンエラストマー 三洋化成工業株式会社
製 商品名 アクアプレンＣシリーズ）を貼りつけ、水
で膨潤させたところ、膨張後のハウジング（糸束収容
部）の内半径は、表１のようになった。EXAMPLE An expansion coefficient (volume expansion coefficient) of 200 to 400 is formed on the inner surface of a cylindrical housing 2 having an inner radius of 19 mm to 21 mm.
% Of the sheet-shaped water-swelling material 8 (ether type polyurethane elastomer Sanyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., Aquaprene C series) having a thickness of 1 to 2 mm and swollen with water, the expanded housing (thread The inner radius of the bundle accommodation section is shown in Table 1.
【００２５】[0025]
【表１】 表 １ ハウジング 水膨潤性素材 膨張後の 内半径（mm） 膨張率（％） 厚さ（mm） 内半径（mm） 実施例 １ ２１ ３００ １ １７．８ 実施例 ２ ２１ ２００ １ １８．９ 実施例 ３ ２０ ３００ ２ １３．１ 実施例 ４ ２０ ２００ ２ １５．７ 実施例 ５ ２０ ３００ １ １６．８ 実施例 ６ ２０ ２００ １ １７．９ 実施例 ７ １９ ３００ ２ １２．０ 実施例 ８ １９ ３００ １ １５．８ 実施例 ９ １９ ２００ １ １６．９ 実施例１０ ２１ ４００ １ １６．６ 実施例１１ ２１ ４００ ２ １１ 実施例１２ ２０ ４００ １ １５．６ [Table 1] Table 1 Housing water-swellable material After expansion Inner radius (mm) Expansion rate (%) Thickness (mm) Inner radius (mm) Example 1 21 300 1 17.8 Example 2 21 200 1 18.9 Example 3 20 300 2 13.1 Example 4 20 200 2 15.7 Example 5 20 300 1 16.8 Example 6 20 200 1 17.9 Example 7 19 300 2 12.0 Example 8 19 300 1 15.8 Example 9 19 2001 1 16. 9 Example 10 21 400 1 16.6 Example 11 21 400 2 11 Example 12 20 400 1 15.6
【００２６】実施例１において、中空糸束半径１８mmの
中空糸束をハウジング内（糸束収容部の内半径２０mm）
に装填するのは、十分な隙間があるので容易であった
が、膨張後の内半径（１７．８mm）が略同じである水膨
潤性素材を設けていない内半径１８mmのハウジング内に
装填するのは、隙間がないため困難であった。In Example 1, a hollow fiber bundle having a hollow fiber bundle radius of 18 mm is placed in the housing (inner radius of the yarn bundle accommodating portion is 20 mm).
It was easy to load because there is a sufficient clearance, but it is loaded in a housing with an inner radius of 18 mm that does not have a water-swellable material that has the same inner radius (17.8 mm) after expansion. It was difficult because there were no gaps.
【００２７】また、実施例１において、中空糸内径２０
０μｍ、膜厚８μｍ、糸本数１０５００本の中空糸の束
をハウジングの糸束収容部に装填し、水膨潤性素材の膨
潤前後の中空糸充填率を求めたところ、膨潤前の中空糸
充填率は３０．６％であったが、膨潤後の中空糸充填率
は３８．７％になった。In Example 1, the hollow fiber inner diameter 20
A hollow fiber bundle having a thickness of 0 μm, a film thickness of 8 μm, and a number of yarns of 10500 was loaded in the yarn bundle accommodating portion of the housing, and the filling rate of the hollow fibers before and after the swelling of the water-swellable material was determined. Was 30.6%, but the hollow fiber filling rate after swelling was 38.7%.
【００２８】次に、透析液の流動状態を着色した透析液
を流して目視により確認した。中空糸内径２００μｍ、
膜厚８μｍ、糸本数１０５００本の中空糸の束をハウジ
ング内半径２０mmの水膨潤性素材を設けていないハウジ
ング２内に装填した中空糸充填率が３０．６％のモジュ
ールでは、透析液の流れのショートパスが確認された。
一方、実施例１における膨潤後の中空糸充填率が３８．
７％のモジュールでは、ショートパスは確認されなかっ
た。Next, the flow state of the dialysate was flowed with a colored dialysate and visually confirmed. Hollow fiber inner diameter 200μm,
In a module having a hollow fiber filling rate of 30.6%, in which a bundle of hollow fibers having a film thickness of 8 μm and a number of 10500 yarns was loaded in a housing 2 having a housing inner radius of 20 mm and not provided with a water-swelling material, the flow of dialysate was measured. A short pass was confirmed.
On the other hand, the hollow fiber filling rate after swelling in Example 1 was 38.
No short pass was confirmed in 7% of the modules.
【００２９】高膨張率の水膨潤性素材を用いた実施例１
０〜１２の内、実施例１１について、中空糸内径２００
μｍ、膜厚８μｍ、糸本数７０００本の中空糸の束をハ
ウジング２内の糸束収容部に装填した。このモジュール
は、水膨潤性素材８の膨潤前の中空糸充填率は２２．６
％であったが、膨潤後の中空糸充填率は６７．５％にな
った。このモジュールにおいては、中空糸有効長ｌが２
３０mmであったので、有効膜面積は１．０ｍ2 となる。Example 1 using a water-swellable material having a high expansion coefficient
Hollow fiber inner diameter 200 for Example 11 of 0-12
A bundle of hollow fibers having a thickness of 8 μm, a thickness of 8 μm, and a number of 7,000 yarns was loaded in the yarn bundle accommodating portion in the housing 2. This module has a hollow fiber filling rate of 22.6 before the water-swellable material 8 is swollen.
%, The hollow fiber filling rate after swelling was 67.5%. In this module, the effective length l of the hollow fiber is 2
Since it was 30 mm, the effective film area is 1.0 m 2 .
【００３０】同じ有効膜面積をもつが、中空糸充填率の
異なるモジュール（各３本）について、溶質除去性能の
指標であるクリアランスを、クレアチニン（分子量１１
３）について測定した。その結果を表２に示す。With respect to modules having the same effective membrane area but different hollow fiber packing rates (three modules each), the clearance, which is an index of the solute removal performance, was adjusted to creatinine (molecular weight 11).
3) was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
【００３１】[0031]
【表２】 表 ２ ハウジング 中空糸充填率 クリアランス 内半径（mm） （％） 平均値 標準偏差 実施例１１ ２１ ６７．５ １５７．３ ± 1.5 比較例 １ １９ ２２．６ １４４．７ ±10.6 [Table 2] Table 2 Housing hollow fiber filling rate Clearance Inner radius (mm) (%) Mean value Standard deviation Example 11 21 67.5 157.3 ± 1.5 Comparative Example 1 19 22.6 144.7 ± 10.6
【００３２】なお、クリアランスはダイアライザー性能
評価基準により、比較例１は水膨潤性素材を設けていな
いモジュールである。上記表２から分かるように、実施
例１１においては、クリアランスの平均値が高く溶質除
去性能がより良好で、また、個々のデータのばらつきを
示す標準偏差は非常に小さく溶質除去性能も略一定して
いる。The clearance is based on the dialyzer performance evaluation standard, and Comparative Example 1 is a module in which a water-swelling material is not provided. As can be seen from Table 2 above, in Example 11, the average clearance value was high and the solute removal performance was better, and the standard deviation showing the dispersion of individual data was very small, and the solute removal performance was substantially constant. ing.
【００３３】表１から分かるように、例えば実施例３〜
６について、水膨潤性素材を設ける前の状態では、ハウ
ジング内半径が２０mmと全て同じであるが、水膨潤性素
材の厚さ、膨張率を変えることにより、同じハウジング
から実質的に異なる内半径のハウジングを製作すること
が可能となる。従って、種々の内径をもつハウジングを
用意する必要がある場合であっても、少ない種類の内径
をもつハウジングを用意すれば足り、ハウジング作製に
際して必要な金型や治具類の設備投資を削減できる。As can be seen from Table 1, for example, Examples 3 to
Regarding No. 6, before the water-swellable material is provided, the inner radius of the housing is the same as 20 mm, but by changing the thickness and expansion rate of the water-swellable material, the inner radius that is substantially different from the same housing It is possible to manufacture the housing of. Therefore, even if it is necessary to prepare housings with various inner diameters, it is sufficient to prepare housings with a small number of inner diameters, and it is possible to reduce the capital investment of molds and jigs necessary for housing production. .
【００３４】[0034]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の中空糸型
血液浄化器によれば、ハウジングの内面に水膨潤性素材
を設けるので、ハウジング内に中空糸の束を装填する
際、ハウジング内径に対して中空糸束径を小さくして装
填でき、装填作業性を著しく向上させることができる。
また、膨潤前の中空糸充填率に対して膨潤後の中空糸充
填率を実質的に高めることができるから、透析液のショ
ートパスによる透析性能のばらつきを防止できる。さら
に、水膨潤性素材の厚さと膨張率を適宜選択することに
より、最適の中空糸充填率をもつ血液浄化器を容易に製
造でき、また実質的に異なる内半径のハウジングを製作
することも容易で、製造コストの削減にも寄与する。ま
た、水膨潤性素材膨潤後の中空糸充填率を所定の範囲に
設定することにより、透析性能のばらつきを少なくし、
拡散による老廃物の除去効率も良好に維持できる。さら
に、ハウジングの内面の軸方向の中間部に水膨潤性素材
を設けるようにすれば、血液側と透析液側との圧力差を
より大きくすることができ、血中の老廃物の濾過による
除去効率をより高めることができる。As described above, according to the hollow fiber blood purifier of the present invention, since the water swelling material is provided on the inner surface of the housing, when the hollow fiber bundle is loaded into the housing, the inner diameter of the housing is increased. On the other hand, the hollow fiber bundle can be loaded with a small diameter, and the loading workability can be significantly improved.
Further, since the hollow fiber filling rate after swelling can be substantially increased with respect to the hollow fiber filling rate before swelling, it is possible to prevent variations in dialysis performance due to a short path of the dialysate. Furthermore, by appropriately selecting the thickness and expansion rate of the water-swellable material, a blood purifier having an optimum hollow fiber filling rate can be easily manufactured, and a housing having a substantially different inner radius can be easily manufactured. It also contributes to the reduction of manufacturing cost. Further, by setting the filling rate of the hollow fibers after swelling the water-swellable material within a predetermined range, the variation in dialysis performance is reduced,
The removal efficiency of waste products by diffusion can be maintained well. Furthermore, if a water-swellable material is provided in the axially intermediate portion of the inner surface of the housing, the pressure difference between the blood side and the dialysate side can be increased, and the waste products in the blood can be removed by filtration. The efficiency can be further increased.
【図１】本発明の中空糸型血液浄化器の一例であって水
膨潤性素材の膨潤前の状態の断面図。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the hollow fiber blood purifier of the present invention, showing a state before swelling of a water-swellable material.
【図２】図１における水膨潤性素材の膨潤後の状態の断
面図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the water-swellable material in FIG. 1 after being swollen.
【図３】図２におけるハウジング中央部の拡大した横断
面図。FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the central portion of the housing in FIG.
【図４】ハウジングと中空糸の拡大した横断面図。FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a housing and a hollow fiber.
【図５】水膨潤性素材の膨潤前後の様子を示す横断面
図。FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing states of a water-swellable material before and after swelling.
【図６】ハウジングの内面の中央部に水膨潤性素材を設
けた血液浄化器とその血液浄化器内の圧力勾配を示す模
式図。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a blood purifier in which a water-swellable material is provided at the center of the inner surface of a housing and a pressure gradient in the blood purifier.
【図７】水膨潤性素材の配置の他の例を示す横断面図FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the arrangement of the water-swellable material.
【図８】従来の中空糸型血液浄化器の断面図。FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional hollow fiber blood purifier.
１ 血液浄化器 ２ ハウジング ３ 中空糸の束 ８ 水膨潤性素材 1 Blood Purifier 2 Housing 3 Hollow Fiber Bundle 8 Water Swellable Material
Claims (3)
てなる中空糸型血液浄化器において、ハウジングの内面
に水膨潤性素材を設けてなることを特徴とする中空糸型
血液浄化器。1. A hollow fiber blood purifier in which a bundle of hollow fibers is loaded in a tubular housing, wherein a water swelling material is provided on the inner surface of the housing. vessel.
ングの糸束収容部の断面積に対する糸束の断面積の比率
が３０〜９０％である、請求項１に記載の中空糸型血液
浄化器。2. The hollow fiber mold according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle to the cross-sectional area of the yarn bundle accommodating portion of the housing is 30 to 90% when the water-swellable material is swollen. Blood purifier.
水膨潤性素材を設けてなる請求項１に記載の中空糸型血
液浄化器。3. The hollow fiber blood purifier according to claim 1, wherein the water-swellable material is provided at an axially intermediate portion of the inner surface of the housing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28452095A JPH0999064A (en) | 1995-10-04 | 1995-10-04 | Hollow fiber type blood purifying device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28452095A JPH0999064A (en) | 1995-10-04 | 1995-10-04 | Hollow fiber type blood purifying device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0999064A true JPH0999064A (en) | 1997-04-15 |
Family
ID=17679560
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28452095A Pending JPH0999064A (en) | 1995-10-04 | 1995-10-04 | Hollow fiber type blood purifying device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0999064A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11319079A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-24 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Hollow fiber type hemodialyzer |
| JPH11319080A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-24 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Hollow fiber type hemodialyzer |
| JP2001309974A (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-06 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Hollow string type hemodialyzer |
| JP2003080037A (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-03-18 | Terumo Corp | Hollow fiber membrane module and manufacturing method therefor |
| WO2018230631A1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-20 | 三菱ケミカル・クリンスイ株式会社 | External circulation-type hollow fiber membrane module |
| JPWO2018062073A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-07-11 | 東レ株式会社 | Cultured platelet concentration module and method for producing platelet preparation using the same |
-
1995
- 1995-10-04 JP JP28452095A patent/JPH0999064A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11319079A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-24 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Hollow fiber type hemodialyzer |
| JPH11319080A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-24 | Nikkiso Co Ltd | Hollow fiber type hemodialyzer |
| JP2001309974A (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-06 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Hollow string type hemodialyzer |
| JP2003080037A (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-03-18 | Terumo Corp | Hollow fiber membrane module and manufacturing method therefor |
| JPWO2018062073A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-07-11 | 東レ株式会社 | Cultured platelet concentration module and method for producing platelet preparation using the same |
| WO2018230631A1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-20 | 三菱ケミカル・クリンスイ株式会社 | External circulation-type hollow fiber membrane module |
| JPWO2018230631A1 (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2019-06-27 | 三菱ケミカル・クリンスイ株式会社 | External perfusion type hollow fiber membrane module |
| US11701620B2 (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2023-07-18 | Mitsubishi Chemical Cleansui Corporation | External circulation-type hollow fiber membrane module |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4293418A (en) | Fluid separation apparatus | |
| EP1433490B1 (en) | Dialyzer and method for manufacturing the same | |
| JP4678776B2 (en) | Hollow fiber membrane fluid processor | |
| JP5366316B2 (en) | Hollow fiber membrane module and method for purifying suspended water using the same | |
| JP4951860B2 (en) | Method for producing permselective membrane module and permselective membrane module | |
| JP4992106B2 (en) | Polysulfone hemodialyzer | |
| EP0186293B1 (en) | Blood treatment device | |
| JP4373047B2 (en) | Special hollow fiber membrane module and its manufacture for use in processes that are subject to major obstacles by adhesion | |
| US4187180A (en) | Hollow-fiber permeability apparatus | |
| TW539558B (en) | Hemodialyzer headers | |
| US20100089817A1 (en) | Hollow fiber, hollow fiber bundle, filter and method for the production of a hollow fiber or a hollow fiber bundle | |
| JPH0999064A (en) | Hollow fiber type blood purifying device | |
| JPS5918084B2 (en) | fluid separation device | |
| JP4437527B2 (en) | Membrane filtration module | |
| JPS61268304A (en) | Fluid separator | |
| JPS6397203A (en) | Cartridge for filtration | |
| JPH06509746A (en) | Hollow fiber for dialysis | |
| JPH05228345A (en) | Preparation of membrane separation element | |
| WO2006070890A1 (en) | Hollow fibter type apparatus for blood purification | |
| JP2000070683A (en) | Hollow fiber membrane type permeation membrane module | |
| JP4237534B2 (en) | Blood purifier | |
| JP3381741B2 (en) | Hemodialysis machine | |
| JPS60110938A (en) | Hollow yarn bundle, production thereof and body fluids treating device using same | |
| JPS61266609A (en) | Modified cross-section hollow fiber, modified cross-section hollow fiber bundle and fluid separator | |
| JPS6393306A (en) | Cartridge for filtration |