JPH095735A - Reflection type liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a reflection type liquid crystal display device which does not require a back light, consumes less electric power, has a high contrast ratio and is capable of making white display of bright paper white and more particularly an active driving reflection type liquid crystal display device with which the good white display of high scatterability is obtainable. CONSTITUTION: This reflection type display device is constituted by commonly using pixel electrodes and mirror finished surface reflectors 30 and disposing active elements 31 under these pixel electrodes. The display device includes light transmission means having the scatterability to reflect external light in the direction where the reflectors are visible. These light transmission means has means for making the light incident approximately perpendicular to a liquid crystal layer 23. The liquid crystal layer 23 contains dichromatic dyestuff and attains two states; absorption and transmission by control of the voltage impressed.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reflective liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Liquid crystal display devices used in conventional laptop and notebook personal computers are of two types, a transmissive type having a backlight on the back surface of a liquid crystal panel and a reflective type having a light reflecting plate on the back surface of the liquid crystal panel. However, the transmissive type has a problem that the battery consumes a large amount of power, and the reflective type has a problem that it is dark and difficult to see, and it is impossible to achieve both visibility and long life of the battery. In a practical reflective liquid crystal display device, a pair of transparent glass substrates each having a transparent electrode on one surface and a polarizing film on the other surface are arranged with a predetermined gap so that the transparent electrodes face each other. ,
A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the gaps, and a roughened reflection plate is arranged outside the one polarizing film. By applying a voltage determined by an image signal between the transparent electrodes, light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer is controlled to display an image.

However, since the reflective liquid crystal display device that has been put into practical use uses a polarizing film, it theoretically absorbs 1/2 of external light. Also, the reflection plate is roughened to prevent reflection, but due to this scattering reflection plate, the polarization state collapses and the reflected light is absorbed again when it passes through the polarizing film, resulting in light loss. Is big. For this reason, the display image is dark and the contrast ratio is low, so the visibility is poor,
Infrequently used. Furthermore, a bright reflective liquid crystal display device capable of color display has not been realized. In order to realize a bright reflection type liquid crystal display device, there is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-212124.
The publication describes a reflective liquid crystal display device in which a fiber plate is arranged on the display surface side and the light source is not reflected on the surface plate. As the display mode, 90 degree twisted TN (twisted nematic liquid crystal) using a polarizing film, 18
STN (super twist nematic liquid crystal) twisted at 0 degrees or more is used.

In addition, in order to eliminate absorption loss due to a polarizing plate, a liquid crystal of a phase transition type guest-host mode which does not use a polarizing film is combined with an active element, and a reflective plate is roughened to form a reflective plate and a pixel electrode. Liquid crystal display device
-308816.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-248519 discloses a reflection type liquid crystal display device in which a dielectric mirror is arranged on the back surface by utilizing the scattering and transmission of a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal.

[0006]

However, in the prior art, even if a fiber plate is used, half the light is absorbed in principle in a liquid crystal display mode using a polarizing film, so that a bright display is achieved. I can't. Also,
The TN and STN mode liquid crystals have a large viewing angle dependency, and if they are averaged in all directions by the fiber plate, the contrast ratio is lowered.

Further, in the structure in which the phase transition type guest-host mode liquid crystal is combined with the active element, not only a new process for roughening the reflecting plate is required, but also the total reflectance is lowered due to the roughening. There is a drawback that

Since the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal capable of controlling scattering and transmission has a small scattering property, it is difficult to realize a reflection type liquid crystal display device capable of displaying bright white.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved reflective liquid crystal display device which solves the above problems.

Specifically, the object of the present invention is as follows.
By using a liquid crystal display mode that does not require a polarizing film by using a fiber plate and a specular reflection plate, the reflectance of the reflection plate is high and the scattering by the fiber plate is high. Type liquid crystal display device is provided. Secondly, a reflective liquid crystal display device having a high contrast ratio is provided.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses the following means.

(Means 1) A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device are A reflective liquid crystal display device, which is also used as a reflector, has a mirror surface, has a light-scattering property on the display surface side, and is provided with a light guide means that is incident substantially perpendicularly to the liquid crystal layer.

(Means 2) A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device are A reflection type liquid crystal display device, which is also used as a light guide means having a scattering property on the display surface side, which is also used as a mirror surface.

(Means 3) In a reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device are A reflective liquid crystal which is also used as a reflector, wherein the reflector is a mirror surface, and the numerical aperture on the display surface side of the light guide means having scattering properties on the display surface side is larger than the numerical aperture on the liquid crystal layer side. Display device.

Means 1 to 3 are for solving the basic problem of the present invention for obtaining high contrast in high brightness paper white.

(Means 4) A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device are A reflection characterized in that the reflector is also a mirror surface and has a fiber plate and a microlens array as a light guide means having a scattering property on the display surface side and a hologram as a color separation means. Type liquid crystal display device.

Means 4 are for obtaining the color display of the present invention.

(Means 5) A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device are The reflector is a mirror surface and is also provided with a fiber plate and a microlens array as a light guide means having a scattering property on the display surface side, and the liquid crystal layer contains a dichroic dye and applied voltage control A reflective liquid crystal display device, which is a liquid crystal layer that has two states of absorption and transmission.

The means 5 relates to a liquid crystal mode for obtaining a brighter display.

(Means 6) A reflective liquid crystal display device according to means 5, wherein a color filter is arranged on the display surface side.

According to the means 6, color display can be performed without pixel shift.

(Means 7) A reflective liquid crystal display device according to means 6, wherein the black matrix arranged so as to transmit only the reflected light of the pixel electrode is an absorber.

According to the means 7, the contrast ratio can be improved.

[0024]

The principle of obtaining white display with high brightness and high scattering property, which is the first operation of the present invention, will be described.

In the conventional reflection type liquid crystal display, the reflection plate is roughened in order to obtain a paper white having a high scattering property. However, since the reflectance of the reflector itself decreases when the reflector is roughened, there is a trade-off between improving the reflectance and obtaining paper white with high scattering properties. Furthermore, if the scattering property is made small in order to keep the reflectance high, problems such as background reflection occur.

According to the present invention, when a specular reflector is used as the reflector, the reflectance of the reflector can be kept high. Furthermore, by using a light-scattering means having a high scattering property, for example, a fiber plate, on the display side substrate, it is possible to obtain a paper white having a high scattering property.

Further, according to the present invention, by providing a means for transmitting the external light quantity after passing through the light guiding means substantially perpendicularly to the liquid crystal layer, it is possible to utilize the characteristic that the liquid crystal layer has a high contrast ratio. The contrast ratio can be improved. For example, by using a fiber plate for the display surface side substrate, the light guide area becomes narrower as it approaches the liquid crystal layer, and a microlens array is arranged on the exit side from the fiber plate, so that the incident light is substantially perpendicular to the liquid crystal layer. Can be transmitted.

In the present invention, by using a guest-host type polymer dispersion type liquid crystal for the liquid crystal layer, it is possible to obtain a bright display because there is no light loss due to the polarizing film as conventionally known. However, the guest-host type liquid crystal has a drawback that the contrast ratio is low. However, as shown in the present invention, by providing a light guide means for allowing external light to enter the liquid crystal layer substantially perpendicularly, the transmittance at the time of white display can be improved. Is high, and when displaying black,
The absorption of the dye can be increased and the contrast ratio can be improved.

When a reflector is used for the black matrix as in the conventional case, the light incident on the portion other than the pixel electrode is scattered by the light guide means having the scattering property, because the light reflected by the black matrix is scattered again. Since the light scattered in the viewing direction leaks, the contrast ratio is lowered. Therefore, by using an absorber for the black matrix, the reflected light from the black matrix is eliminated and the contrast ratio can be improved.

Further, the opening angle of the fiber plate is set to 0.5.
With the above settings, it is preferable to set the ratio to 1.0 so that the external light in all directions can be taken in, so that the reflected light on the surface is reduced and the contrast ratio can be improved.

Maximum incident angle θ max on the fiber plate
Is determined by the refractive index Nc of the fiber core, the refractive index Nd of the cladding, and the refractive index N of the medium on the incident side, and is given by the following equation.

[0032]

Nsin (θmax) = √ (Nc ² −Nd ² ) = NA (Equation 1) Here, NA represents the numerical aperture of the fiber. As for the incident light on the fiber plate, only the light incident at an incident angle of several 1 or less propagates in the fiber while being totally reflected at the interface between the core and the cladding. At this time, since multiple reflections are repeated while propagating through the fiber, the emitted light is spread out in all directions and is emitted from the fiber in a cone shape at the same angle as the incident angle. Therefore, the light from the fiber becomes an outgoing light obtained by averaging the incident light in all directions, the difference in brightness and contrast ratio depending on the direction disappears, and the viewing angle dependency can be reduced.

[0033]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The reflective liquid crystal display device includes a substrate 21 in which an active element 31 is arranged for each pixel and an aluminum specular reflector 30 is manufactured as a pixel electrode / reflector, a core unit 100 that propagates incident light 11, and a cladding unit 101. And the core portion 100 becomes thinner toward the inner side, and the reflecting surface 104 is arranged so as to emit light substantially perpendicular to the emitting side, and the transparent electrode 22 is arranged on the reflecting surface 104 and the transparent body 105. Between the light means 110, the liquid crystal layer 2
3 is sandwiched. A flattening film was formed on the active element 31 for flattening, but it is omitted in the drawing. As the liquid crystal layer 23, a guest-host type polymer dispersion type liquid crystal containing a dichroic dye is used, ZLI-4792 manufactured by Merck Ltd. is used as a liquid crystal, and S-344 manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Co., Ltd. is used as a dye. Biphenyl methacrylate was used as the material. The absorber 103 is arranged in order to absorb the light incident on other than the pixel portion. As the active element 31, a thin film transistor using amorphous Si with three terminals was used. As the light guide means 110, a fused glass fiber plate of Incom, inc. Of USA having a thickness of 1.1 mm and a numerical aperture of 0.66 was used.

With the structure shown in FIG. 1, the incident light 11, which is external light, is incident on the core portion 100 of the light guide means 110, and is totally reflected at the interface between the core portion 100 and the cladding portion 101 to be guided. The light emitted and emitted from the core unit 100 is
The parabolic reflection surface 104 converts the light into collimated light, and the liquid crystal layer 2
It is incident on the beam 3 substantially vertically. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 23, the dichroic dye mixed in the liquid crystal layer 23 is randomly arranged, so that incident light is absorbed and black display is performed.
In addition, when a voltage is applied, the dichroic dye follows the liquid crystal molecules and is aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate, substantially parallel to the incident light, and the incident light is transmitted without being absorbed by the liquid crystal layer 23. The light is also reflected by the specular reflection plate 30 and again passes through the liquid crystal layer 23,
The light is reflected by the reflecting surface 104, is incident on the core portion 100, is emitted from the incident surface 102 of the light guide means 110 as conical emission light 12, and is displayed in white. Since the white at this time is scattered by the total reflection at the interface between the core and the cladding of the light guide means 110, white with high scattering property can be obtained.

The characteristic of this structure is that the guest-host type polymer dispersion type liquid crystal 23 having a high transmittance without using a polarizing film and the specular reflector 30 having a high reflectance are used so that the characteristics of the liquid crystal layer 23 can be fully utilized. The incident light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 23 substantially vertically. The reflectance of the specular reflector 30 applied to the present invention can be 90% or more,
Compared with a conventional reflector having a scattering property, the reflectance can be made sufficiently high and the brightness is improved. Conventionally, when a specular reflector is used, a phenomenon of reflection occurs, but in the present invention, the light guide means 110 having a scattering property on the display surface side substrate.
By using a fiber plate as the above, since the light is scattered by the fiber, white having a high scattering property without reflection is obtained. Here, the reflection is a phenomenon in which visibility is deteriorated because a background or the like is reflected on the reflection plate.

As a result, in a room with vertical surface illuminance of 500 lx,
Brightness of 65 cd / m when displaying white with a contrast ratio of 5 or more
² can be obtained, and display performance equivalent to that of a transmissive liquid crystal display using a backlight can be achieved without using a backlight. The features of the present invention will be sequentially described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The present embodiment has substantially the same configuration as that of the embodiment of FIG. 1, but uses a microlens array 106 instead of the reflecting surface 104 of FIG. 1 so that the liquid crystal layer 23 is incident substantially vertically. . Core part 1 of FIG.
Light incident on other than 00, that is, light incident on the cladding portion 101 does not reach the pixel portion. Therefore, the absorber 103 is arranged to absorb the light incident on the portion other than the pixel portion. Further, the liquid crystal layer 23 side of the absorber 103 is formed as a reflecting surface so that the light reflected on the microlens surface can be reused.

As a result, a bright white display with a high contrast ratio could be achieved by the same effect as in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. This embodiment is for performing color display. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the light guide means 1
Inside of 10, a hologram 107 is provided for each pixel as a means for color separation. Since the light transmitted through the light guide means 110 is incident on the hologram 107 substantially vertically, the light is separated into each color of red, green, and blue by the hologram and is incident on each liquid crystal layer 23. For example, in the case of red display, if voltage is applied only to pixels of red color light and no voltage is applied to pixels of other color light, only red light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 23, and other color light is absorbed by the liquid crystal layer 23. Then, only the red light is reflected by the pixel electrode / mirror reflector 30 and again the liquid crystal layer 23,
The light passes through the hologram 107, the light guiding means, and is emitted in a conical shape from the incident surface 102 side. At this time, red,
3 dots of green and blue are made into 1 pixel, and the light guide means 1 for every 1 pixel
Since the ten core portions 100 and the reflecting surface 104 are provided, it is possible to obtain a uniform color display within one pixel. In the conventional arrangement of the color filters, only one third or less of one pixel is turned on, and therefore, at most one third of the incident light is used. Further, it was very difficult to see due to the size of the dots. According to the present invention, as in the embodiment, the contrast ratio is high, and not only bright white display but also bright color display can be achieved. In the present embodiment, the light guide portion of the light guide means 110 and the collimating portion are provided for each pixel, but there is no problem even if they are arranged for each dot.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the hologram 107 is used to perform color display, but color display can also be performed using a conventional color filter. Since the light guide means 110 using the fiber plate can guide light in the thickness direction of the substrate, the color filter 24 and the black matrix 15 can be arranged on the incident surface 102 side of the light guide means 110. Even if such a structure is provided and arranged on the display surface side, color mixing, deterioration of color purity, etc. due to crosstalk between pixels does not occur. In this embodiment, the brightness is lower than that of the structure shown in FIG. 3, but the color filter 24 can be produced by the conventional process, and since the color filter 24 can be arranged on the display surface side, the surface precision and the like are used inside the substrate. It does not need to be increased and can be manufactured at low cost.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. In this embodiment, the light guide means 110 is used.
As the fiber plate 27, the color filter 24 and the black matrix 15 are used as the fiber plate 27.
Placed inside. Other than that, the configuration is the same as that of the embodiment of FIG. As in the embodiment of FIG. 4, since the fiber plate 27 can pass light in the thickness direction of the substrate, the color filter 24 and the black matrix 15 can be arranged on the display surface side of the fiber plate 27. With such a configuration, it is possible to obtain a black display due to the absorption of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer 23 and a paper white white display due to the scattering of the fiber plate 27.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing the effect of one embodiment of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The incident light 11 is guided while being totally reflected at the core portion 40 of the fiber plate at the interface between the core portion 40 and the cladding portion 41, and the liquid crystal layer 23
Since the liquid crystal layer 23 has a thickness of several μm at most, the crosstalk between pixels (dots) can be prevented. The present invention
A visible light absorber was used for the black matrix 15 arranged for each pixel. When the fiber plate 27 and a black matrix using a reflective medium such as chrome are used, light incident at an angle equal to or larger than the incident angle represented by Formula 1 or light that does not pass through the pixel portion does not propagate in the fiber. In addition, part of the light reaches the black matrix, and the light that reaches the black matrix is reflected, scattered in the fiber and emitted from the display surface side.As a result, there is always reflected light even during black display, and the contrast is reduced. The ratio decreases. On the other hand, as shown in this embodiment, by using the fiber plate 27 and the black matrix 15 that is a visible light absorber, incident light that does not pass through the pixel portion is not reflected by the black matrix 15 and the contrast ratio is increased. Can be prevented. When the fiber plate 27 is used as in the present invention, it is different from the conventional transparent glass substrate to use the black matrix 15 made of such an absorbent in order to scatter the incident light in the fiber, thereby improving the contrast ratio. Was effective.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a comparative example. As shown in FIG. 8, in the transmissive liquid crystal display, a reflector is arranged on the back surface of the substrate, and the electrode 30 is the transparent electrode 56. At this time, the active elements 53 and 5 are used.
Since the apertures 4, 55, the gate line 50, and the drain line 51 are opaque, the aperture ratio is low and the brightness is lowered. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a pixel electrode and a specular reflection plate 30 that also serves as a pixel electrode and a reflection plate are used, and amorphous Si5 is used.
3, on the active element composed of the source electrode 54 and the drain electrode 55, further, the gate line 50 and the drain line 51.
By arranging the reflector 30 up to the top,
Can be maximized, and the aperture ratio was about 50% in the conventional 10-inch diagonal VGA display, but the aperture ratio could be 90% or more. By improving the aperture ratio,
The reflectance can be substantially increased and the brightness is improved.

In the structure in which the active elements of this embodiment are arranged for each pixel, two or more active elements may be provided under the reflector / electrode 30 as a redundant design, or the size may be increased to enhance the driving capability. The capacity can be increased, and not only the pixel design can be afforded but also the image quality can be improved. Furthermore, as shown in the figure, the gate line 5
0 and the drain line 51 can be thickened, the distortion of the drive waveform can be prevented, and the display of a large screen with a large number of pixels and a high-definition reflective display device can be supported.

In this embodiment, the numerical aperture N of the light guide means 110 is N.
When A of 1 was used, light from all directions could be taken into the fiber, and the brightness could be improved. As the NA of the fiber becomes smaller, the reflected light also becomes larger. Therefore, the NA of the fiber is preferably 0.5 or more in order to keep the contrast ratio high. Also, the viewing angle could be expanded by taking a large NA.

In the conventional structure using the glass substrate without using the fiber plate 27, there is a problem of the background reflection in addition to the above-mentioned decrease in brightness and contrast ratio. The reflection is a phenomenon in which the background is reflected on the reflection plate 28 on the back surface of the substrate and the image quality is deteriorated. Conventionally, in order to prevent this reflection, the specular reflection plate 28 is a reflection plate having a scattering property,
There is no reflection. However, if the scattering property is increased to reduce the reflection, the reflectance decreases,
That is, the brightness decreases. However, if the scattering property is decreased to increase the reflectance, there is a drawback that the reflection becomes large. Therefore, the fiber plate 27 and the specular reflector 3
With the combination of 0, it was possible to obtain a display with high reflectance and no reflection.

In this embodiment, the color filter 24 is arranged to form a color reflection type liquid crystal display device, but the present invention can also be applied to a monochrome reflection type liquid crystal display device without the color filter. Further, the characteristics of the color filter are, for example, that blue has a low transmittance in the wavelength region of green and red, but when used in a reflective liquid crystal, the same color filter is transmitted twice, so that the transmittance is High is important. In order to obtain a brighter reflection type color, the display color range is narrowed, but the brightness can be improved by using the cyan, magenta, and yellow color filters.

In the display mode using the polarizing film,
Theoretically, half of the external light is absorbed by the polarizing film, so that the light utilization efficiency is low, but in this embodiment, since the polarizing film is not used, the light utilization efficiency is high and a bright display is obtained. be able to.

In the embodiment, in the office environment where a backlight is not used and a transmissive color liquid crystal display device using a conventional backlight is used, a bright reflective color comparable to a transmissive color liquid crystal display device having a backlight is used. A liquid crystal display device could be obtained. About two-thirds of the power consumption of the current transmissive color liquid crystal display device is used for the power consumption of the backlight, and it is possible to obtain a bright reflective color liquid crystal display device with low power consumption.

When the reflection type liquid crystal display device of this embodiment is used as a display portion of a laptop computer or a notebook computer and a display portion of a palmtop computer, a PDA (personal digital assistant) or the like, the power consumption is low and the contrast is low. A bright information processing device having a high ratio can be obtained.

[0052]

According to the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention,
By using a specular reflector with a high reflectance and using a fiber plate as a light guide means with a high scattering property, a white display of paper white can be obtained, and external light can be incident on the liquid crystal layer substantially perpendicularly. Thus, a display with a high contrast ratio can be obtained. In addition, by using the pixel electrode and the reflector as a common material, the wiring and active elements that can be formed under the reflector can be widened, the size of the active element can be increased, the auxiliary capacitance can be increased, and the wiring width can be increased. Since it is possible, a high-definition display can be performed on a large screen. Furthermore, since the reflector can be made large, the aperture ratio can be dramatically increased as compared with the transmissive type.

Therefore, the reflection type liquid crystal display device of the present invention is
Since it can be used for several hours on a battery, it can be used as a display device for portable personal computers and word processors. In addition, the reflective liquid crystal display device has low power consumption and can be used as a display device in various fields used in a bright place.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of a reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing an effect of one embodiment of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a comparative example of the reflective liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 ... Incident light, 12 ... Emitted light, 21 ... Substrate, 22 ... Transparent electrode, 23 ... Liquid crystal layer, 30 ... Pixel electrode / reflector, 31 ...
Active element, 100 ... Core part, 101 ... Cladding part, 102 ... Incident surface, 103 ... Absorber, 104 ... Reflecting surface, 105 ... Transparent body.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Yuji Mori 7-1, 1-1 Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Shinichi Komura 7-chome, Omika-cho, Hitachi-shi, Ibaraki No. 1 Hitachi Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device are combined. A reflective liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the reflector is a mirror surface, has a light-scattering property on the display surface side, and is provided with a light guide means that enters the liquid crystal layer substantially vertically. 2. A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflection type liquid crystal display device are combined. A reflective liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the reflector is a mirror surface, and a fiber plate and a microlens array are provided on the display surface side as light guide means having scattering properties. 3. A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflection type liquid crystal display device are combined. A reflective liquid crystal display device, wherein the reflector is a mirror surface, and the numerical aperture on the display surface side of the light guide means having scattering properties on the display surface side is larger than the numerical aperture on the liquid crystal layer side. . 4. A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflection type liquid crystal display device are combined. The reflection type liquid crystal is characterized in that the reflector is a mirror surface, and a fiber plate and a microlens array are provided on the display surface side as light guide means having scattering properties, and a hologram is provided as color separation means. Display device. 5. A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising a pixel electrode having an active element for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer and a reflector, wherein the pixel electrode and the reflector of the reflection type liquid crystal display device are combined. Further, the reflector is a mirror surface, a fiber plate and a microlens array are provided on the display surface side as a light guide means having a scattering property, and the liquid crystal layer contains a dichroic dye and is absorbed by controlling an applied voltage. A reflection type liquid crystal display device, which is a liquid crystal layer that takes two states of light transmission and light transmission. 6. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 5, wherein a color filter is arranged on the display surface side. 7. The reflection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 6, wherein the black matrix arranged so as to transmit only the reflected light of the pixel electrode is an absorber.