JPH095633A - Microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To control the quantity of glare light and to improve visibility and workability by controlling the quantity of illuminating luminous flux directly made incident on an observer's eye without through an observation means from illumination field in an extincting direction. CONSTITUTION: A light quantity control means 6 is positioned on a line linking the illumination field and the eye point of a microscope 3, and it is formed to be large enough to extend all over two conical optical paths formed by the illumination field and two right and left eye points considering that a pupil distance is changed according to the observer. Namely, a part of reflected luminous flux P' (glare light) being the illuminating luminous flux P reflected by an examinee 2 goes toward the observer's eye and is guided to the visual field of an examiner 1 in an extincted state by the control means 6 (in figure, the reflected luminous flux P' seems to be intercepted by the end of an ocular part 5 but it is made incident, in fact, because the ocular part 5 is formed to be cylindrical).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a microscope in which an object to be observed is magnified and observed by an observing means, and an illuminating means illuminates the object to be observed clearly.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a microscope for magnifying and observing an object to be inspected by an observing means, there is known a microscope in which a observing object is illuminated to illuminate the object to be observed clearly.

In such a microscope, glare light (for example, a fluorescent lamp for indoor lighting or a sun incident from a window or the like) is incident on the eyes of an observer without passing through the observing means including the illuminating means. In order to prevent the visibility from being hindered by the influence of light or the like), it is known that a tubular eyepiece having a light-shielding property is provided so as to surround the eyepiece lens, and this eyepiece blocks glare light.

[0004]

By the way, in the microscope constructed as described above, since the skeleton of each observer is different, a gap is generated in the eye contact, and glare light is incident through this gap to make the visibility of the visibility high. There was a problem that was blocked.

In addition, for example, when such a target is applied to a surgical microscope, a micro head is generally suspended from an arm, so that when the target contacts the observer, the field of view shifts and the image vibrates. There was also the problem of being lost.

On the other hand, when performing magnifying observation, it is always necessary to perform rough alignment. This rough alignment operation is to adjust the relative position between the test object and the observation means while directly looking at the test object illuminated with high illuminance, and immediately after that, observe a magnified image by a relatively dark observation means. Since the alignment operation is performed while doing so, the adaptation speed of the eye due to alternately seeing high-intensity and low-intensity objects cannot keep up, resulting in impaired visibility and reduced visual work efficiency. There was also a problem. The rough alignment and the alignment may be repeated several times, and in such a case, the visibility is further impaired.

Moreover, the visibility due to such a brightness change is an opportunity that the clinical microscope represented by the slit lamp microscope and the fundus camera must directly look at the object to be examined in addition to the above-mentioned surgical microscope. The problem of adaptation is very important, as there are many cases.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. Not only can the light amount of glare light be controlled to improve the visibility, but also the change in luminance can be reduced to improve the visual workability. An object is to provide a microscope that can be improved.

[0009]

In order to achieve the object, the invention described in claim 1 is to illuminate an object to be inspected, observing means to magnify and observe the object to be inspected, and an illumination field. And a light quantity control means for controlling the light quantity of the illumination light beam which is directly incident on the eyes of the observer without going through the observation means.

Further, the invention according to claim 2 is provided with a detecting means for detecting whether or not the observer is observing the object to be inspected through the observing means, and based on the detection result of the detecting means. The point is to perform light quantity control.

[0011]

In the above-mentioned structure according to claim 1,
The object to be inspected is illuminated by the illuminating means, the object to be inspected is enlarged and observed by the observing means, and the illumination light flux directly entering the observer's eyes from the illumination field in the dimming direction without the observing means by the light quantity control means The amount of light is controlled.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the detection means detects whether or not the observer is observing the object to be inspected through the observation means, and the light amount control is performed based on the detection result of the detection means. Is done.

[0013]

Embodiments of the microscope of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

(First Embodiment) In FIG. 1, 1 is an observer, 2 is an object to be inspected, and 3 is a microscope. Also, the microscope 3
Is provided with a main body 4 having an objective lens (not shown) and an eyepiece 5 having an eyepiece (not shown). still,
An optical member (not shown) provided inside the main body 4 and the eyepiece 5 constitutes an observation optical system as an observation means.

The main body 4 is displaceable in the vertical direction in the figure together with the eyepiece 5, and its lower surface 4a serves as an illuminating means for emitting an illuminating light beam P toward the object 2 below. A light source (not shown) is provided. In addition, in the drawing, reference numeral J
Reference numeral 1 denotes an observation optical axis on the main body 4 side.

The angle of the eyepiece 5 can be adjusted by a plurality of joint members. Further, a light amount control means 6 including a light shielding plate or a dimming plate is provided from the eyepiece unit 5.
In the figure, reference numeral J2 is an observation optical axis on the eyepiece 5 side, and by making the observation optical axis J2 coincide with the visual axis of the observer 1,
An enlarged image of the test object 2 illuminated by the illumination light flux P can be observed through the observation optical system.

The light quantity control means 6 is located on the line connecting the illumination field and the eye point of the microscope 3. The size of the light amount control means 6 is made up of the illumination field and two left and right eye points, considering that the pupil distance changes depending on the observer.
The size should span all one conical optical path.

In addition, when the working distance of the microscope 3 and the angle of the eyepiece 5 can be adjusted, the position of the above-mentioned conical optical path also changes, and therefore the light quantity is taken into consideration in consideration of the mechanical function. The control means 6 can be rotated and moved back and forth.

Further, the transmittance of the light quantity control means 6 is set so that the brightness of the magnified image by the observation optical system is the same as that when the object is seen through the light quantity control means 6. In addition, it is not necessary to adapt the eyes when switching between observation during magnified observation and during direct observation, and it is possible to perform quick alignment operations and the like that are easy to see.

For example, when the microscope 3 is a surgical microscope, a light-shielding plate is used for the light quantity control means 6, and the observer (operator / inspector) turns his / her own eye slightly downward. (By shifting the line of sight), it is possible to prevent the subject from being dazzled when looking directly at the subject.

At this time, if the light quantity control means 6 is installed at a position close to the subject 2, it must be secured so as not to interfere with the surgery, and therefore, the light quantity control means 6 should be arranged as close to the observer 1 as possible. In the case of a surgical microscope, JI
Since the illuminance of the surgical field is determined to be 20000 lux or more by the S standard, the apparent illuminance when the subject (affected part) is seen through the light amount control means 6 is 20000 to 500.
Set it to be 00 lux.

When a light reducing plate is used for the light quantity control means 6, the illumination light flux P is emitted from the light source toward the object 2 to be inspected, and the illuminated object 2 is directly observed and the object 2 to be inspected. Coarse alignment is performed to adjust the approximate relative distance to the device body.

At this time, the line of sight of the observer 1 is controlled by the light quantity control means 6
Since the observation is performed via, the reflected light flux of the test object 2 based on the illumination light flux P is in a dimmed state.

When the rough alignment is completed, the magnified image by the observation optical system can be observed, and after the alignment is performed based on this image, the focused and clear magnified image can be observed. .

At this time, a part of the reflected light flux P ′ (glare light) of the illumination light flux P reflected by the object 2 is directed to the observer's eye. Is guided into the visual field of the examiner 1 in a state of being dimmed (in the figure, the reflected light beam P ′ is blocked by the end of the eyepiece 5, but the eyepiece 5 has a cylindrical shape. Since it is present, the reflected light flux P ′ is actually incident). When a light shielding plate is used for the light quantity control means 6, the reflected light beam P'is completely blocked and does not reach the observer 1.

(Second Embodiment) FIGS. 2 to 6 show a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the light quantity control means 6 of the first embodiment uses a light-shielding plate or a dimming plate. This second
In the embodiment, an LCD is used as the light quantity control means 16. The same components as those in the above-described embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

2 and 3, the light quantity control means 16
Is rotatably attached to the eyepiece 5 via a bracket 16a and a shaft 16b. Further, the light quantity control means 16
The reflected light beam P ′ is dimmed or blocked depending on the density.

That is, in the magnified observation state shown in FIG. 2, the light quantity control means 16 is set to a high density to block the reflected light beam P ',
The visibility of the magnified image by the observation optical system of the observer 1 is improved. Further, in the direct observation state shown in FIG. 3 (during rough alignment operation or holding a surgical needle with a needle device, etc.), the light amount control means 16 is set to an appropriate low density to diminish the reflected light flux P ′, and the observer 1 is visible. The switching between the magnified observation state and the direct observation state is performed by detecting whether or not the observer 1 is observing the object 2 through the observation means.

FIG. 4 shows an example of such detection, in which the observer 1 uses the detection optical system 30 that shares a part of the observation optical system 20 (only the portion provided in the eyepiece 5 is shown).
Detects whether the object 2 is observed through the observation optical system 20.

The observation optical system 20 includes a prism 21 in which an image of the object 2 is guided from an unillustrated objective lens, a dichroic mirror 22 that reflects visible light and transmits infrared light, an imaging lens 23, and an erecting prism 24. , Prism 25, field stop 26, and eyepiece lens 27.

The image of the object 2 guided from the objective lens is
The light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 22, is refracted by the prism 21 to the image forming lens 23, passes through the image forming lens 23, passes through the field prism 26 through the established prism 24 and the prism 25, and is condensed by the eyepiece lens 27. Observer 1
To the optometry E.

The detection optical system 30 includes an LED light source 31 for emitting detection light (infrared light), a diaphragm 32, a lens 33, a half mirror 34, a lens 35, a diaphragm 36, and a light receiving element (photoelectric conversion element) 37. There is. The wavelength of the LED light source 31 and the transmission wavelength characteristic of the dichroic mirror 22 are shown in FIG.
It is as shown in.

The detection light emitted from the LED light source 31 is
After passing through the diaphragm 32, the lens 33 and the half mirror 3
After passing through 4, the light reaches the prism 21, passes through the dichroic mirror 22, is reflected by the prism 21, and is guided to the eyepiece lens 27 in the same manner as the observation optical system 20. At this time, when the observer 1 is not observing the magnified image, since the optometry E does not exist, the detection light is directly emitted from the eyepiece lens 27 to the outside.

When the observer 1 is observing a magnified image, the optometry E is present as shown in FIG. The pupil Ep of the optometry E coincides with the eye point of the eyepiece lens 27, and the cornea Ec of the optometry E is located on the eyepiece 27 side from the pupil Ep by about 3 mm.

Of the detection light guided to the optometry E, the component (light flux) reflected by the cornea Ec is the eyepiece lens 27, the field diaphragm 26, the prism 25, the forming prism 24, and the imaging lens 2.
3, the dichroic mirror 22 and the prism 21 go backward to reach the half mirror 34, which is reflected by the half mirror 34, passes through the lens 35 and the diaphragm 36, and is received by the light receiving element 37. The detection light transmitted through the cornea Ec reaches the retina, but since the detection light is infrared light, it is not perceived by the eye and does not impose a burden on the optometry E or obstruct the observation.

From the light receiving element 37, an electric output is given to the output processing circuit 38 according to the amount of received light, and the output processing circuit 3
LCD drive circuit 3 based on the drive signal output from 8
Reference numeral 9 sets the density of the light quantity control means (LCD) 16 to a high density and blocks the reflected light flux P '. When the observer 1 is not observing the magnified image, the reflected light flux of the detection light to the light receiving element 37 is not received, so that the density of the light quantity control means 16 becomes low and the reflected light flux P ′ is in the dimmed state. It passes through the control means 16.

As shown in FIG. 3, when a part of the body of the observer 1 (forehead in this case) exists in the emitting direction of the detection light emitted from the eyepiece lens 27, it is reflected by the forehead. A part of the generated light flux may be received by the light receiving element 37.
At this time, since the forehead is far from the eyepiece lens 27 and the detected light is irregularly reflected, the brightness of the reflected light is very low, so that the electric output of the light receiving element 37 is low and the false detection is prevented.

FIG. 6 is an optical explanatory view for theoretically showing the operation of the above-mentioned detection optical system 30, and the actual arrangement and the like are shown in FIG.
As shown in. Also, some optical members, shapes, etc. of the observation optical system 20 are omitted or simplified for the sake of explanation.

As shown in FIG. 6, when the cornea Ec is at a predetermined position (observation state), the LED light source 31 and the cornea E
The optical system is configured such that the center of curvature Q of c is conjugated, and further, the light receiving element 37 is arranged at the conjugate position on the light receiving side. Further, the size of the aperture 36 on the light receiving side is set to be larger than the size of the LED light source 31.

By doing so, the infrared light emitted from the LED light source 31 and passing through the eyepiece lens 27 is converted into the cornea E.
It is guaranteed that all of the reflected light flux is received by the light receiving element 37 because it is reflected by c at a magnification of 1 (equal magnification) and travels backward in the optical path. Further, by arranging the diaphragm 36 at a position conjugate with the cornea Ec, even if the LED light source 31 is large, the cornea E
It is more advantageous because it is guaranteed that all the reflected light flux by c reaches the diaphragm 36.

By the way, in each of the above-described embodiments, a light-shielding plate, a dimming plate or an LCD is used as the light quantity control members 6 and 16, but, for example, based on the detection result of the detection optical system 30 of the second embodiment. The brightness of the illuminating means (indicated by the illumination luminous flux P) for illuminating the test object 2 may be varied.

[0042]

As described above, according to the microscope of the present invention, not only the light quantity of glare light can be controlled and the visibility can be improved, but
It is possible to reduce the brightness change and improve the visual workability.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of a microscope of the present invention and is an explanatory view of a state in which an observer magnifies and observes a test object through the microscope.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a second embodiment of the microscope of the present invention and is an explanatory diagram of a state in which an observer magnifies and observes a test object through the microscope.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a state in which an observer is directly observing an object to be inspected.

FIG. 4 is likewise an explanatory view of an observation optical system and a detection optical system.

FIG. 5 is a graph diagram showing wavelength characteristics of a light source and a dichroic mirror.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram similarly showing a detection theory of a detection optical system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Observer 2 ... Test object 3 ... Microscope 6 ... Light quantity control means P ... Illumination light flux P '... Reflected light flux

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An illuminating means for illuminating an object to be inspected, an observing means for magnifying and observing the object to be inspected, and an illuminating light flux which directly enters an observer's eye from an illumination field without going through the observing means. A light amount control means for controlling the light amount in the dimming direction. 2. A detecting means for detecting whether or not an observer is observing an object to be inspected through the observing means, and controlling the light amount based on a detection result of the detecting means. The microscope according to claim 1.