JPH09318352A - Apparatus and method for measuring hollow displacement in tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hollow displacement measuring apparatus and method for tunnels which enables measurement of displacement with limited time and labor without affecting excavation work. SOLUTION: Laser light is irradiated in the direction of advancing of a tunnel 100 from a laser light source 1 mounted in proximity to an unmovable point of the internal wall of the tunnel 100 and a transmission target 2a-k in which a plurality of lateral rulings 3a... and vertical rulings 3b orthogonal to each other as arranged at specified intervals are formed on a surface thereof crossing the optical axis 1a of the laser light is mounted on the internal wall of the tunnel 100. The crossing position of the optical axis 1a on the cross surface at the mounting is used as initial value to specify which of the vertical rulings 3b... and the lateral rulings 3a crosses the optical axis 1a during the measurement and the positional displacement of the transmission target 2a-k is determined on the basis of a specified interval at which the lateral rulings 3a and the vertical rulings 3b are arranged to index the displacement of the internal wall of the tunnel 100.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunnel inner air displacement measuring device and a tunnel inner air displacement measuring method for measuring a temporal displacement of a tunnel inner wall.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When constructing a mountain tunnel, it is necessary to grasp the air displacement inside the tunnel in order to ensure accurate excavation and work safety. Hereinafter, a method that has been conventionally used as a method for measuring such inner air displacement will be described.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an inner air displacement measuring device called a convergence meter (convergence measure). This convergence meter is used for the opposing ground (tunnel inner wall) 10 in the tunnel 100.
Convergence bolt 102 on each of 1a and 101b
Type in and use.

A ball joint 103 is attached to the convergence bolt 102, and
A tensile force introducing portion 105 having a dial gauge 104 is attached to the ball joint 103 on one side (in the example shown in FIG. 4, the natural ground 101a side).

This tensile force introducing portion 105 and the other (ground
A metal tape 106 is stretched between the ball joint 103 and the ball joint 103 (on the 1b side). At this time, the tension of the metal tape 106 is adjusted to a predetermined value, and the distance A is measured by the dial gauge 104. By repeating such measurement every predetermined time, the inner air displacement can be measured from the change.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a displacement measuring device using an optical distance measuring device. In FIG. 5, 201 is a lightwave rangefinder. This light wave distance measuring device 201 is a target (distance measuring target point) described later from its installation point by a sharp beam light.
It is possible to measure the relative distance to and the relative orientation (detailed illustration and description are omitted).

A calculation controller 204 is connected to the optical distance measuring instrument 201 via a data cable 203.
The calculation controller 204 has an arithmetic device, a storage device, and the like, and based on the relative position of each of the plurality of targets measured by the optical distance measuring instrument 201 and the coordinate base point separately measured, each target. Calculate the absolute position of.

In FIG. 5, 202 is a target,
In this example, a micro prism whose one side is approximately 10 mm to 90 mm is used. This target 202 is
The light emitted by the lightwave distance measuring device 201 is converted into the lightwave distance measuring device 201 again.
Reflect in the direction of.

FIG. 6 shows an optical distance measurement in an actual tunnel.
It is a figure which shows the displacement measuring method using a balance. In Figure 6,
A plurality of targets 202 (in this example
Then target 202_-1, 202_-2... 202_-7, 20
2_-8And 202_-O1, 202 _-O2) Is attached
You. Of these, the target 202_-O1And 202_-O2Is the coordinates
Is attached to a known fixed point and is used as a coordinate base point.
It is.

[0010] In this example, first laser rangefinder 201 by each target 202 _-O1, 202 _{- O2} and 202 _-1,
202 _-2 ... The relative positions of 202 _-7 and 202 _-8 are sequentially measured. Since the targets 202 _-O1 and 202 _-O2 are coordinate base points attached to fixed points, the calculation controller 204 (see FIG. 5) uses the coordinate base points to target the targets 202 _{-1 to} 202 _-8. Calculate the absolute position of.

As described above, each of the targets 202 _{-1 to} 202
_By repeating the measurement of the absolute position of ₋₈ every predetermined time, the displacement of each of the targets 202 _{−1 to} 202 ₋₈ can be measured from the change.

[0012]

However, in each of the above-mentioned methods, the worker must go to the measurement point every time the inner-air displacement is measured, install the measuring device in the tunnel, and measure the displacement. However, machine tools and workers come and go in the tunnel during excavation work, and blasting work is also performed. Therefore, excavation work must be interrupted during displacement measurement.

That is, in reality, such displacement measurement could be performed only during a break time when the excavation work was interrupted. Further, if the number of measurement points increases, the measurement time also increases, which is a big problem.

The present invention has been made under such a background, and it is possible to measure the displacement with a small amount of labor, and there is no influence on the excavation work. The purpose is to provide a measurement method.

[0015]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the invention described in claim 1, a laser beam is attached to a fixed point in the tunnel, and laser light is emitted in parallel with the traveling direction of the tunnel. It has a laser oscillating means for irradiating and a target attached to the inner surface of the tunnel and having a crossing surface with the optical axis of the laser light, and the crossing surface with the optical axis of the target is respectively advanced at predetermined intervals. A plurality of horizontal ruled lines arranged in a direction orthogonal to the direction and a plurality of vertical ruled lines arranged in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction and the horizontal ruled line at predetermined intervals are formed. .

Further, in the invention according to claim 2,
In the tunnel air displacement measuring apparatus according to claim 1, the target is formed of a material that transmits the laser light, and the horizontal ruled lines and the vertical ruled lines are formed so as not to attenuate the laser light. Is mounted on the optical axis at a predetermined interval.

In the invention according to claim 3,
(A) Laser light is emitted parallel to the traveling direction of the tunnel from a laser oscillating means attached near the fixed point of the inner wall of the tunnel, and (b) on a crossing surface with the optical axis of the laser light,
A plurality of horizontal ruled lines, each of which is arranged at a predetermined interval in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction, and a plurality of vertical ruled lines, which are arranged at a predetermined interval in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction and the horizontal ruled line, are formed. Attach the target to the inner wall of the tunnel, (c)
The initial position is the intersecting position of the optical axes in the intersecting surface when the laser oscillation means and the target are attached, and the optical ruled lines where the plurality of optical axes are arranged and the plurality of the optical axes are arranged during measurement. The target is determined by identifying which of the horizontal ruled lines each intersects, and (d) determining the positional displacement of the target with respect to the initial value based on the predetermined interval in which the horizontal ruled line and the vertical ruled line are arranged. The displacement of the inner wall of the tunnel attached with is determined.

Further, in the invention according to claim 4,
In the tunnel air displacement measuring method according to claim 3, the target is formed of a material that allows the laser light to pass therethrough, and the horizontal ruled lines and the vertical ruled lines are formed so as not to be attenuated by the laser. It is characterized in that a plurality of them are attached on the optical axis at predetermined intervals.

According to the present invention, the crossing position of the optical axis of the laser beam emitted by the laser oscillating means attached to the fixed point and the crossing plane of the target is deviated in what direction and how much with respect to the time of attachment of the target. Then, the displacement of the ground to which this target is attached is obtained. Further, by forming this target with a transparent material and arranging a plurality of the targets on the optical axis of the laser light, it is possible to know the displacement at a plurality of points at the same time.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The tunnel air displacement measuring apparatus of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a tunnel air displacement measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, only the case of measuring the displacement of the ceiling (ceiling) of the tunnel 100 horizontal to the level plane will be described in detail.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a laser light source, which is mounted inside the tunnel 100 at a fixed point near the top end. The optical axis 1a output from the laser light source 1 is directed in the traveling direction of the tunnel 100.

2a _-1 , 2a _-2 ... 2a _-n (hereinafter referred to as 2a _{-k as} necessary) are transmission targets. These transmissive targets 2a- ₁ , 2a- _{2 to} 2a _{- n} are attached so as to be located on the optical axis 1a in the initial state. In the present embodiment, these transmission targets 2
a ₋₁ , 2a _{−2 to} 2a _−n are in the optical axis 1a direction (Y in FIG. 1).
It is attached about every 10 m in the axial direction).

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the detailed structure of the transmission targets 2a _-k . The transmission targets 2a- _k are made of a material such as a transparent acrylic plate that transmits the output light of the laser light source 1.

The transmissive targets 2a- _k have horizontal ruled lines 3
a and 3a ... and vertical ruled lines 3b, 3b ...
The grid 3 is formed. Horizontal ruled lines 3a, 3a ... And vertical ruled lines 3 that constitute this grid 3
B, 3b ... Are marked at regular intervals with a material or a processing method that does not easily attenuate the output light of the laser light source 1 and a width. In this embodiment, one side of the transmissive target 2a- _k is approximately 50 mm, and the grid 3 is formed at 2 mm intervals.

When measuring the displacement of the top of the tunnel 100 as in the present embodiment, each transmission target 2a _-k is measured.
The horizontal ruled lines 3a, 3a ... Are attached as the X-axis direction (that is, the horizontal direction) shown in FIG. 1, and the vertical ruled lines 3b, 3b ,. At this time, the optical axis 1
Each transmission target 2a- _k is attached so that a passes through the point 3o (initial position) shown in FIG. When measuring the air displacement inside the tunnel, the displacement of each point is measured by visually observing each of the transmission targets 2a _-k .

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of measurement points 3p of the optical axis 1a passing through the transmission targets 2a _-k during displacement measurement. In this example, the natural ground (measurement point) to which this transmission target 2a _-k is attached is displaced by 8 mm in the -Z direction and 6 mm in the X direction shown in FIG.

Further, as described above, each transmission target 2a
horizontal ruled lines 3a, 3a ... and vertical ruled lines 3b, which are marked on _-k ,
3b ... is a configuration in which the output light of the laser light source 1 is not easily attenuated. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to simultaneously pass a plurality of transmission targets 2a _-k through the optical axis 1a and measure the displacement at each point.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to continuously measure the displacements at a plurality of points in the tunnel without being affected by the machine tool or the worker who moves in and out of the tunnel. That is, since the excavation work can be performed while the laser light source 1 and the transmission targets 2a- _k are fixed, the displacement measurement work is significantly saved.

In the above embodiment, the case where the displacement of the top of the tunnel is measured has been described as an example. However, for example, each transmission target 2b _-k or each transmission target 2c _-k shown in FIG. 1 is used. Therefore, the displacement of the side edge of the tunnel can be measured.

Further, although the tunnel 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a straight line, if the radius of the tunnel is several km or less, displacement measurement can be performed simultaneously with a transmission target whose distance from the laser light source 1 is about 200 to 300 m. Is. Further, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to a horizontal tunnel, a vertical tunnel (vertical pit), or an inclined shaft with respect to the level surface.

Further, horizontal ruled lines 3a, 3a ... And vertical ruled lines 3b, 3b ... Are drawn on the transmissive target 2a- _k as a light receiving material (a material whose electrical characteristics change according to the amount of incident light, for example, CDS. Etc.) and each horizontal ruled line 3a, 3a ...
The electric characteristics of 3b, 3b, ... Can be picked up by a sensor and processed by a computer or the like. This allows the operator to automatically measure the displacement without having to go near the transmission target.

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, the laser beam is emitted from the laser oscillating means mounted near the fixed point of the inner wall of the tunnel in parallel with the traveling direction of the tunnel, and the optical axis of the laser beam is emitted. A plurality of horizontal ruled lines arranged at predetermined intervals in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction and a plurality of vertical ruled lines arranged at predetermined intervals in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction and the horizontal ruled lines are formed on the intersecting surface of The target was attached to the inner wall of the tunnel, and the initial position was the crossing position of the optical axis at the crossing surface when the laser oscillation means and the target were attached, and a plurality of vertical ruled lines and multiple optical axes were arranged during measurement. It is specified which of the horizontal ruled lines intersects each other, and the positional displacement with respect to the initial value of the target is calculated based on a predetermined interval in which the horizontal ruled lines and the vertical ruled lines are arranged. Since the position is calculated, it does not affect the excavation work, and the target is made of a material that allows laser light to pass through, and the horizontal and vertical ruled lines are formed so that the laser does not attenuate it, and the target is placed on the optical axis. Since a plurality of devices are attached at predetermined intervals, it is possible to obtain an effect that a tunnel inner air displacement measuring device and a tunnel inner air displacement measuring method capable of measuring displacement with less labor can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an in-tunnel air displacement measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a detailed configuration of a transmission target 2a _-k according to the same embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of measurement points 3p of an optical axis 1a passing through a transmission target 2a _-k during displacement measurement according to the same embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a conventional convergence meter.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a displacement measuring device using a lightwave distance measuring device according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a displacement measuring method using a lightwave rangefinder according to a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Laser Light Source (Laser Oscillating Means) 1a Optical Axis 2a _-1 , 2a _-2 ... 2a _-n Transmission Target (Target) 2a _-k , 2b _-k , 2c _-k Transmission Target (Target) 3a Horizontal Rule (Horizontal) Ruled line 3b Vertical ruled line (vertical ruled line) 100 Tunnel

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A laser oscillating means (1) attached to a fixed point in a tunnel (100) for irradiating a laser beam parallel to a traveling direction of the tunnel, and an optical axis of the laser beam attached to an inner surface of the tunnel. A target (2a _-k ) having an intersection with (1a),
A plurality of horizontal ruled lines (3a) arranged at a predetermined interval in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction at an intersecting surface of the target with the optical axis, and at a predetermined interval respectively in the traveling direction and the horizontal ruled line. An in-tunnel air displacement measuring device characterized in that a plurality of vertical ruled lines (3b) arranged in orthogonal directions are formed. 2. The target is formed of a material that transmits the laser light, the horizontal ruled lines and the vertical ruled lines are formed so as not to attenuate the laser light, and the target is arranged at predetermined intervals on the optical axis. The in-tunnel air displacement measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of devices are attached. 3. A laser beam is emitted from a laser oscillating means mounted in the vicinity of a fixed point on the inner wall of the tunnel in parallel with the traveling direction of the tunnel, and a crossing surface with the optical axis of the laser beam is provided. A plurality of horizontal ruled lines arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction, and a plurality of vertical ruled lines arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction and the horizontal ruled lines. The target is attached to the inner wall of the tunnel; It specifies which of the arranged vertical ruled lines and the plurality of arranged horizontal ruled lines intersects each other, and (d) the target based on the predetermined interval in which the horizontal ruled lines and the vertical ruled lines are arranged. To the initial value of A method for measuring an air displacement inside a tunnel, wherein the displacement of the inner wall of the tunnel to which the target is attached is obtained by obtaining the position displacement. 4. The target is formed of a material that allows the laser light to pass therethrough, and the horizontal ruled lines and the vertical ruled lines are formed so as not to be attenuated by the laser, and a plurality of the targets are attached at predetermined intervals on the optical axis. The method for measuring air displacement in a tunnel according to claim 3, wherein: