JPH09312937A - Vehicle power supply distribution apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply distribution apparatus with which powers can be supplied to a load to which a power has to be always supplied and the power supply can be maintained securely even if the power supply is cut off by some reason or a power supply line is damaged by the collision of vehicles. SOLUTION: Power is supplied from a battery power supply to loads to which power may be supplied whenever necessary through a main power supply line L13a and to loads (a power supply control means 105 and a load control means 205) to which power have to be always supplied through a plurality of backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA respectively. The main power supply line L13a and one backup power supply line L13b are connected to the loads (the power supply control means 105 and the load control means 205) through a same route and the other backup power supply line L13bA is connected to those loads 105 and 205 through a different route. A power from the backup power supply is also supplied to a main running system load. A battery power supply line L11 is branched into the respective power supply lines in a power supply box 10. The power supply control means 105 is supplied with the power from a plurality of the backup power supply lines for operation and controls a cutoff means 101 to cut off the main power supply.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power supply device for a vehicle, and more particularly, it requires constant power supply in addition to a load such as an electric component load that can be supplied as needed. The present invention relates to a vehicle power supply distribution device that also supplies power to a load.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this type of device, a device having a structure shown in FIG. 7 has been generally used. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a battery installed in the engine room of the vehicle, and the power source is a fusible link (FL) box installed in the vicinity of the battery 1 via a FL2a in a fusible link (FL) box 2 and a power supply line L1. It is supplied to the fuse box 3. Then, in the box 3, the fuses 3a ...
3e or the like, a car-mounted audio system equipped with a load such as a lamp that only needs to be supplied with power as needed, a car audio system that has a microcomputer (μCOM) that needs to be supplied at all times, or a recent vehicle-mounted device. It is distributed to loads such as devices and various control units installed in vehicles.

Note that μCOM has a function of performing processing in accordance with a predetermined program, and it is often necessary to constantly receive power from a backup power source to hold various data. Even if the operation is stopped, it is necessary to continue to receive power supply, and recently, a large number of devices having this have been used.

However, in the conventional device described above with reference to FIG. 7, since all loads use the same power supply supplied via the FL2a and the power supply line L1, for example, an X mark on the upstream side of the fuse box 3 is used. Power line L1 at the part indicated by
If a short circuit occurs between the vehicle body and the vehicle body, the FL2a is melted and all loads, that is, not only the load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary but also the μCOM that needs to be supplied with power at all times, will not operate.

Therefore, the battery power supply is branched into a load such as a load for electrical equipment which may be supplied as needed and a load for which constant power supply is required, and the power supply is provided by separate power supply lines. An apparatus adapted to supply the above is proposed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-47330.

[0006]

However, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
In the one proposed in Japanese Patent No. 47330, the power lines for the load, which may be supplied with power as needed, and the power lines for the load, which require constant power supply, are mixed and distributed to the vehicle body through the same route. It is just being searched. Therefore, when the vehicle collides, if the power supply line is routed there, there is a problem that the power supply line may be damaged in some cases, making it impossible to drive all the loads.

Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present invention may interrupt the power supply line to the load, which may be supplied with power when necessary, or damage the power supply line due to a vehicle collision. Even if there is, it is an object to provide a vehicle power supply distribution device that can ensure power supply to a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a vehicle power source distributing apparatus according to the present invention, which is formed according to the present invention, has a battery power source as a main power source as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG. And a backup power supply, the main power supply is supplied to a load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and the backup power supply is supplied to loads 105 and 205 that need to be constantly supplied with power. In the device, the backup power supply is branched into a plurality of
One of them is the same route as the main power supply,
It is characterized in that the rest is supplied to the loads that need to be constantly supplied with power through a path different from the path of the main power supply.

In the above structure, the battery power supply is branched into a main power supply and a backup power supply, the main power supply is supplied to a load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and the backup power supply is required to be constantly supplied with power 105, 205.
By supplying power to the main power supply, even if the main power supply is cut off for some reason, the power supply to the load that needs to be constantly supplied is secured by the backup power supply, and the backup is divided into multiple backups. One of the power supplies is supplied to the same path as the main power supply, and the rest is supplied to the loads that need to be constantly supplied by a path different from the main power supply path. Even if both the power supply and the backup power supply are damaged, the backup power supply that passes through different paths can be continuously supplied to the load that needs to be constantly supplied with power.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power source distribution device, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
The vehicle power supply distribution device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the backup power supply branched to the plurality of power supplies can be supplied to an important traveling system load among the loads.

In the above structure, since the backup power supply that is branched into a plurality is also supplied to the important traveling system load, even if the vehicle collides and the backup power supply as well as the main power supply at that location is damaged, the backup power supply is It is possible to continue to supply the load to the important traveling system, and the vehicle cannot be stopped due to the interruption of the main power supply.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power source distributing device, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
The vehicle power distribution device according to claim 1 or 2,
Power supply control in which the branch of the battery power supply and the branch of the backup power supply are performed in the power supply box 10, and the power supply box operates as a load that needs to be constantly supplied with the plurality of branched backup power supplies. Means 105 and shutoff means 101 for shutting off the supply of the main power source under the control of the power source control means are incorporated.

In the above structure, the branch of the battery power supply to the main power supply and the backup power supply and the branching of the backup power supply are performed in the power supply box 10, and the power supply as the load contained in the power supply box that needs to be constantly supplied with power. Since the control means operates by a plurality of branched backup power supplies to cut off the main power supply to the shut-off means also built in the power supply box, the main power supply can be cut off at the branch point of the battery power supply. The blocking can be performed effectively.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power source distribution device, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
4. The vehicle power distribution device according to claim 1, wherein the main power supply and the backup power supply are a main power supply line L13a and a plurality of backup power supply lines L13.
b and L13bA, each of which is led to the outside of the power supply box, and at least one of the main power supply line and the branched backup power supply line is installed at a position away from the power supply box through the same path. 20 and supplies the remaining part of the branched backup power supply line to the load connection box through a path different from the main power supply line, and branches the main power supply in the load connection box to connect the load connection box. Supply to the load, which should be connected to the power supply when needed,
It is characterized in that the plurality of branched backup power supplies in the load connection box are supplied to the load control means 205 as a load which is built in the load connection box and needs to be constantly supplied with power.

In the above structure, the main power supply and the backup power supply are led out of the power supply box through the main power supply line L13a and the plurality of backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA, respectively, and at least one of the main power supply line and the branch backup power supply line is provided. One is supplied to the load connection box installed at a position distant from the power supply box through the same path, and the rest of the branch backup power supply line is supplied to the load connection box through a path different from the main power supply line, and the load connection box When the main power supply is branched and connected to the load connection box, it is possible to supply power to the load that needs to be supplied when needed, and multiple backup power supplies in the load connection box must be supplied at all times by the load connection box. When a load is supplied to the load control means 205 as a certain load, Even if the main power supply is cut off in the power supply box and the main power supply is not supplied to the load connection box, the load connection box can be supplied to the important traveling system load of the loads that need to be supplied with power. The operation of the load control means can be ensured by the plurality of branch backup power supplies supplied up to.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power supply distribution device, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
The vehicle power distribution device according to claim 3 or 4,
The power supply control means detects that a short circuit has occurred in the main power supply line, and causes the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply.

In the above structure, the power supply control means detects that the main power supply line is short-circuited and causes the shut-off means to shut off the main power supply. However, the main power supply line is caused by the short-circuit without completely disabling the running of the vehicle. The damage of can be avoided.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power source distribution device, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
The apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the power supply control means detects that all of the loads that should be supplied with power when necessary are stopped, and causes the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply. I am trying.

In the above structure, the power supply control means detects that all the loads that need to be supplied with power have stopped, and causes the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply. Therefore, the backup power supply must always supply power. While ensuring the operation of a certain load, it is possible to prevent problems that may occur due to the main power line being alive in a situation where all the loads are stopped, such as when parking.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power source distributing device, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
It is necessary to branch the battery power supply line L11 into a main power supply line L13a and a backup power supply line, connect the main power supply line to a load that can be supplied with power when necessary, and constantly supply power to the backup power supply line. Load 105,
In the vehicle power distribution device connected to 205, a plurality of the backup power supply lines L13b, L13
It is branched to bA, and one of them, L13b, is connected to the load which needs to be constantly supplied with power by the same path as the main power supply line and the remaining L13bA by a path different from the main power supply line. It is characterized by that.

In the above structure, the battery power supply line L11
To a main power supply line L13a and a backup power supply line, connect the main power supply to a load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and connect the backup power supply line L13b to loads 105 and 205 that need to be supplied with power at all times. By doing so, even if the main power supply line L13a is cut off for some reason, the power supply to the load that needs to be constantly supplied with power is the backup power supply line L13.
One of the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA, which is secured by 13b and is branched into a plurality, is connected to the remaining power supply line L13b through the same path as the main power supply line L13a.
Since A is connected to each of the loads that need to be constantly supplied with power via a route different from the route of the main power source line L13a, the vehicle collides and the backup power source line L13b exists at that location along with the main power source line L13a. Even if both are damaged, the power can be continuously supplied to the load that needs to be constantly supplied with power via the backup power supply line L13bA passing through different paths.

A vehicle power supply distribution device according to claim 8 made according to the present invention, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
8. The vehicle power distribution device according to claim 7, wherein the main power supply line L13a is branched into an important traveling system load and a load other than the main load among the loads that should be supplied with power when necessary. The power supply line branched for the important traveling system load and the backup power supply line L13b branched for the plurality of loads.
L13bA is interconnected, and an interconnecting means 204 is provided to enable power supply to the important traveling system load via the backup power supply line.

In the above structure, since the power is also supplied to the important traveling system load through the plurality of branched backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA, the vehicle collides with the main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply line L13.
Even if both 13b are damaged, the backup power can be continuously supplied to the important traveling system load, and the traveling of the vehicle will not be disabled due to the interruption of the power supply through the main power supply line.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power source distributing device, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG.
The battery power supply line L11 is branched into a main power supply line L13a and a backup power supply line L13b, and the main power supply line is connected to a load that may be supplied with power when necessary.
In a vehicle power distribution device in which the backup power supply line is connected to a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power, a power supply box 10 in which a branch to the main power supply line and the backup power supply line is provided near a battery The power supply box for backup is branched into a plurality of power supply lines L13b and L13bA in the power supply box, and the power supply box is always powered by the power supply by the backup power supply lines branched into the plurality of power supply boxes. Power supply control means 1 as a required load
05, and a shut-off means 101 for shutting off power supply to a load that may be supplied by the main power supply line when needed when under the control of the power supply control means. The backup power supply lines branched to the outside of the power supply box, one of the plurality of backup power supply lines branched to the main power supply, and the other to the main power supply line. It is important to connect to a load connection box installed at a position distant from the power supply box by a different route, and to supply the main power supply line in the load connection box when the need arises. Unidirectional semiconductor switching means 204a for the load that is required to be supplied with power when necessary.
And 204b and 204c, respectively, and each of the backup power supply lines is branched to connect one of them to the load control means 205 as a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power, and the other to the above-mentioned need. It is characterized in that it is connected to an important traveling system load of the loads that may be supplied with power at times via unidirectional semiconductor switching means 204d and 204dA.

In the above structure, the battery power line L11
The main power line L13a and the backup power line L13
The load 10 that is branched to b and connects the main power supply line L13a to a load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and the backup power supply line L13a that needs to be constantly supplied with power.
5, 205, the main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply line L13b are branched in the power supply box 10 provided near the battery, and a plurality of backup power supply lines L13b, L are provided in the same power supply box 10.
Since it is branched to 13bA, it is possible to reduce the problems that occur before the battery power line L11 is branched, and the power supply control means 105 as a load in the power supply box 10 that needs to be constantly powered is backed up. It operates by the power supply from the power line L13b for
Similarly, since the shutoff means 101 built in the power supply box 10 shuts off the power supply by the main power supply line L13a,
The main power supply line L13a is cut off at the branch point of the battery power supply line L11.
Is effectively blocked.

The main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply lines L13b, L13bA branched into a plurality of lines are led out of the power supply box 10, respectively.
Connected to the load connection box 20 installed at a position away from the power supply line L13
Regarding b and L13bA, one L13b is connected to the load connection box 20 by the same route as the main power supply line L13a and the remaining L13bA is connected to the load connection box 20 by a route different from the main power supply line L13a. A load that needs to be constantly supplied with power via a backup power supply line L13bA that passes through a different route even if the vehicle collides with the main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply line L13b at that location and both are damaged. Can continue to be powered.

Further, the main power supply line L13a in the load connection box 20 is branched into a load for important traveling system load and a load for other loads out of the loads that should be supplied with power when needed, and power is supplied when needed. The load connection box 20 is connected to a suitable load via the unidirectional semiconductor switching means 204a and 204b, 204c, respectively, and each backup power supply line L13b, L13bA is branched in the load connection box 20 and one of them is built in the load connection box 20. Load control box 205, and the other one is connected to an important traveling system load of loads that may be supplied with power when necessary via unidirectional semiconductor switching means 204d and 204dA. The power line for the important traveling system load branched from the main power line L13a in the Lines L13b, by power line branching from L13bA is unidirectional semiconductor switching means 204
d, 204dA and unidirectional semiconductor switching means 20
4c is connected to each other while preventing backflow from each other, and then connected to the important traveling system load, so that power can be supplied to the important traveling system load via the backup power supply lines L13b and 204dA. Therefore, even if the main power supply line L13a is cut off in the power supply box 10 and the main power supply is not supplied to the load connection box 20 or the vehicle collides with the main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply line L13b is damaged at that location, it is different. Power is constantly supplied via the backup power supply line L13bA passing through the route, the operation of the important traveling system load can be ensured, and the traveling of the vehicle is not disabled.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power distribution device according to the ninth aspect of the present invention, as shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG. The semiconductor switching means has a control signal input, and the load control means continuously operates by supplying power from the backup power supply lines to generate a control signal to the control signal input to generate the unidirectional semiconductor switching means. It is characterized by performing on / off control of.

In the above-mentioned structure, the load control means 205, which is continuously operated by the power supply from the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA, generates the control signal to the control signal input to generate the unidirectional semiconductor switching means 204a.
Since the ON / OFF control of 204b, 204c, 204d, and 204dA is performed, the unidirectional semiconductor switching means can also be used as a means for turning on / off the power supply to the load that may be supplied with power when necessary.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle power distribution device as defined in the basic configuration diagram of FIG. Detects that a short circuit has occurred in the main power supply line, causes the cutoff means to cut off the power supply by the main power supply line, and the load control means causes the cutoff means to cut off the power supply by the main power supply line. When
A control signal is generated to turn on the one-way semiconductor switching means 204d and 204dA which are always in the off state, and the important traveling system load is supplied from the other backup power supply line branched via the one-way semiconductor switching means. It is characterized by supplying power to.

In the above structure, the power supply control means 105 detects the occurrence of a short-circuit in the main power supply line L13a and causes the cutoff means 101 to cut off the main power supply. At this time, the load control means 205 causes the backup power supply line L13b,
The other power supply line for backup L13b, L13b, which is always branched by the power supply from L13bA
One-way semiconductor switching means 204 which is always in an off state so as to supply power to the important traveling system load through A.
Since the d and 204 dA are on-controlled, damage to the main power supply line L13a caused by a short circuit can be avoided without completely disabling the running of the vehicle, and the important traveling system load is always supplied through the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA. Since no power is supplied to the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA, it is not necessary to use thick electric wires having a large capacity.

[0032]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a vehicle power distribution device according to the present invention. In FIG. 2, the same parts as those of the conventional device described above with reference to FIG. Detailed description is omitted.

In FIG. 2, blocks 10 and 20 respectively show an example of a power supply box as a power supply means and a load connection box as a load connection means in the vehicle power distribution device.

The power supply box 10 is provided in the vicinity of the battery 1, receives power supply from the battery 1 through the battery power supply line L11, and the power supplied through the battery power supply line L11 is the main power supply cutoff means. Main power line connector 103 via a battery cut relay 101 and a battery reverse connection protection diode 102a
a. The power supplied from the battery 1 via the battery power line L11 is the battery cut relay 1
01 is branched on the battery side, and the branched power source is passed through semiconductor switching elements 104 and 104A having a backup power source overcurrent protection function as backup power source cutoff means and diodes 102b and 102bA for battery reverse connection protection. Are supplied to the backup power supply line connectors 103b and 103bA.

At the interconnection point X of the battery cut relay 101 and the diode 102a for battery reverse connection protection, the power line L12 of the alternator 5 mounted on the engine and generating power during engine operation is connected to the alternator power line connector 103c. The electric power generated by the alternator 5 is supplied to this connection point. In addition, a diode 102b for protecting the reverse battery connection
And 102bA and power supply line connector 103 for backup
b and 103bA are connected to the interconnection points Y and YA, respectively, and the power supply control unit 105 configured by a microcomputer (μCOM) that operates according to a predetermined program is connected to the power supply control unit 105. It is like this.

The battery cut relay 101 has a relay contact C as an on / off switch and a relay coil L as a control input, and an on / off control signal is applied to the relay coil L from a power control unit 105 as a power control means. As a result, the relay contact C is turned on / off by controlling the energization of the relay coil L. However, this may be replaced with a switching means having another control input such as a semiconductor switching element. Good. Further, also for the backup power supply, the semiconductor switching element having the overcurrent protection function may be replaced with a relay or the like.

A diode 1 is provided on the line between the interconnection point X and the diode 102a for battery reverse connection protection.
Current sensor 106a formed of, for example, a Hall element for detecting the magnitude of current consumption of the load flowing through 02a.
However, the line for connecting the alternator 5 to the interconnection point X also has a current sensor 106, which is also a Hall element, for detecting the magnitude of the generated current of the alternator 5.
b are attached respectively. The current sensors 106a and 106b indirectly detect the magnitude of the current by detecting a magnetic flux having a magnitude corresponding to the amount of the current generated in the line when the current flows in the line provided with the current sensors 106a and 106b. It is a detection means.

The main power supply line connector 103a and the backup power supply line connectors 103b and 103bA of the power supply box 10 are connected to one ends of the main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA, respectively.

The load connection box 20 is the power supply box 1
The main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA derived from 0 are connected to the main power supply line connector 201a and the backup power supply line connectors 201b and 201bA, respectively.
Main power supply line L13a and backup power supply line L13b
The main power supply and the backup power supply supplied via L13bA and L13bA are branched in the load connection box 20,
Main power supply line connector 202a, backup power supply line connectors 202b and 202bA, and main power supply line L1
It is supplied to another load connection box via 3a and the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA.

As the main power supply lines L13a to L14a and the backup power supply lines L13b to L14bA, those having an inner sheath, a protective layer and an outer sheath structure and having a short-circuit detecting function are used on the outer periphery of the insulated wire. are doing.

The other main power supply branched in the load connection box 20 has a control signal input and has a semiconductor switching element 2 having an overcurrent protection function as a one-way switching means which is on / off controlled by the control signal.
04a to 204c, and semiconductor switching having an overcurrent protection function for various general loads, such as headlamps, which may be supplied with power as needed through semiconductor switching elements 204a and 204b having an overcurrent protection function. It is supplied to the important traveling system loads via the elements 204c. The other backup power supply branched in the load connection box 20 has a control signal input whose output is interconnected with the output of the semiconductor switching device 204c having an overcurrent protection function and which is controlled by the control signal to be turned on and off. It is supplied to the important traveling system loads via semiconductor switching elements 204d and 204dA having an overcurrent protection function as switching means. Further, an interconnection point Z between the backup power supply line connectors 201b and 201bA and the inputs of the semiconductor switching elements 204d and 104dA having an overcurrent protection function.
And ZA are connected to a load control unit 205 composed of a microcomputer (μCOM) that operates according to a predetermined program, and the operating power of the load control unit 205 is supplied.

The battery-cutting relay 101 in the power supply box 10 cuts off the circuit when an abnormality occurs in the main power supply line L13a, and also cuts off the circuit when the operation of all loads is stopped to supply power. It is a main power supply cutoff means for stopping. Diode 102a for battery reverse connection protection and diode 102 for battery reverse connection protection
b and 102bA are battery erroneous connection protection means for preventing a problem from occurring in the device when the battery is erroneously reversely connected. The semiconductor switching elements 104 and 104A having an overcurrent protection function are for monitoring and protecting short-circuits and disconnections on the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA and their downstream sides.

The semiconductor switching elements 204d and 1 having an overcurrent protection function in the load connection box 20 are provided.
04dA is always kept in the off state, but the battery cutting relay 101 in the power supply box 10 shuts off the main power source, and the semiconductor switching element 204c having an overcurrent protection function controls the load control unit 205. When the main power supply cannot be normally supplied to the important traveling system load through the semiconductor switching element 204c having the overcurrent protection function when necessary, the load control is performed. Under the control of the unit 205, one of them is turned on. When the semiconductor switching element 204d or 104dA having the overcurrent protection function is turned on, the backup power source branched in the load connection box 20 is supplied to the important traveling system load, and the minimum load necessary to move the vehicle is generated. It becomes operational.

In the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 2, only the relationship between the power supply box 10 and one load connection box 20 is shown, but when actually mounted in a vehicle,
As shown in FIG.

The power supply box 10 is provided near the battery 1 in the engine room A1 of the vehicle body A, receives power supply from the battery 1 through the battery power supply line L11,
In the power supply box 10, a main power supply and a plurality of backup power supplies are branched, and the main power supply and one of the branched backup power supplies are connected to the passenger compartment A2 of the vehicle body A via the main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply line L13b. It is supplied to the load connection box 20 provided in the side wall in front of the passenger seat. The remaining branched backup power is supplied to the load connection box 30 provided in the side wall in front of the driver's seat through the backup power supply line L13bA, and further extended from here to the load connection box 20.

The main power line L1 is connected to the load connection box 20.
The main power supply and the backup power supply supplied via the 3a and the backup power supply line L13b are the main power supply line L
Load connection box 30 provided in the side wall in front of the driver's seat via the power supply line L13b for backup
And to the load connection box 40 arranged below the rear seat behind the passenger seat. The main power and the backup power supplied to the load connection box 30 via the main power supply line L13a and the backup power supply line L13bA are supplied to the load connection box 50 arranged below the rear seat behind the driver's seat. . The backup power supplied to the load connection boxes 40 and 50 through the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA is extended to the load connection boxes 50 and 40.

As shown in FIG. 4, the power supply control unit 105 stores a central processing unit (CPU) 105a that operates according to a predetermined program, a read-only memory (ROM) 105b that stores the program, and various data. Microcomputer (μCOM) 105A having a built-in readable / writable memory (RAM) 105c having an area for storing and an area used during processing
Having.

The μCOM 105A is a load connection box 2
Input port I1 for inputting load information such as drive current information of each load and switch on / off information received from a load control unit 205 within 0 to 50 via a multiplex communication line (not shown), and a current value from the current sensor 106a A / D signal
Input port I2 for converting and inputting, current sensor 106b
Input port I3 for inputting the current value signal from the A / D converter, inputting short and open signals from the semiconductor switching elements 104 and 104A having an overcurrent protection function, and a battery cut relay 101.
Output port O1 for outputting an on / off control signal for
Semiconductor switching element 104 having overcurrent protection function
And output port O for outputting control signals to 104A
2. Output port O3 for D / A converting a control signal for adjusting the amount of power generation to the alternator 5 for output, and semiconductor switching element 204a having an overcurrent protection function for the load control unit 205 in the load connection boxes 20-50. 204
Output port O for outputting load off information for turning off dA and stopping load driving through a multiplex communication line not shown
4 and so on.

The main power supply line L13a has a current capacity capable of supplying power to all loads of the vehicle, whereas the backup power supply lines L13b and L13bA normally supply power to μCOM which constitutes a control unit in each box. However, when the main power supply line L13a goes down due to circuit interruption or the like, the main power supply line L13a has a current capacity capable of supplying power to the minimum load (important traveling system load) necessary for traveling of the vehicle. It can be made extremely thin in comparison.

Semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204 having an overcurrent protection function in the load connection box 20.
A cutoff characteristic is set for the dA, the load drive current is monitored so that the current value of the main power supply can be managed on the power supply box side, and the result is fed back to the power supply control unit 105 via the load control unit 205. Besides, it also has a function of separating the load drive line and the power supply line so that noise generated by the load operation is not carried on the power supply line.

As shown in FIG. 5, the load controller 205 also has a central processing unit (CPU) 205a that operates according to a predetermined program, a read-only memory (ROM) 205b that stores the program, and various data. Microcomputer (μCOM) 205A having a built-in readable / writable memory (RAM) 205c having an area for storing and an area used during processing
Having.

The μCOM 205A has an input port I1 for A / D-converting and inputting a signal indicating a load drive current value from the semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204dA having an overcurrent protection function, and a load connection box from the power supply control unit 105. A control signal for an input port I2 for inputting load-off information for turning off the semiconductor switching element having a predetermined overcurrent protection function in 20 to 50 and a control input for the semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204dA having the overcurrent protection function. And an output port O1 for outputting the semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204 having an overcurrent protection function.
The drive current information indicating the load drive current value collected from dA and the on / off information collected for various switches including the operation switches (not shown) connected to the load connection units 20 to 50 are used for the power supply control unit 105 and other load connections. The load control unit of the box has an output port O2 for outputting load information transmitted via a multiplex communication line (not shown).

The semiconductor switching element 104 having the overcurrent protection function and the semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204d, 204 having the overcurrent protection function described above.
The dA generally incorporates a field effect transistor (FET) as a semiconductor switching element and has a function of self-diagnosing an abnormality such as overheating or short circuit of the semiconductor switching element and outputting the result. However, the semiconductor switching devices 204a to 204 having the overcurrent protection function are provided.
04d and 204dA are also configured to output a voltage signal according to the load current, and monitor the load drive current so that the current value of the main power supply can be managed on the power supply box side, and the result is passed through the load control unit 205. Power control unit 10
You can feed back to 5.

The transmission of the drive current information of each load from the load control units 205 of the load connection boxes 20 to 50 distributed in various places of the vehicle to the power supply control unit 105 of the power supply box 10 is between multiple boxes because of multiplex communication. A multiplex communication line (not shown) arranged is used.

In the above configuration, in the power supply control unit 105, the CPU 105a of the μCOM 105A sets one of the loads according to the load information transmitted from the load control unit 205 of the load connection boxes 20 to 50 input to the input port I1. When it should be operated, the battery cut relay 101 is turned on to connect the battery 1 to the main power supply line L13a. Further, when all the loads are stopped, the battery cut relay 101
Is turned off to disconnect the battery 1 from the main power supply line L13a.

When the battery cutting relay 101 is turned on, the CPU 105a of the μCOM 105A knows the total load operating current from the load information transmitted from the load control unit 205 of the load connection boxes 20 to 50, and at the same time, the main power source. The magnitude of the current flowing through the line L13a is detected by the current sensor 106a. By comparing the two, when the current detected by the current sensor 106a is larger than a predetermined value, the excess current in the load connection box 20 is downstream from the current sensor 106a. It is determined that a short circuit has occurred somewhere in the main power supply line L13a upstream of the semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204dA having the current protection function, and it is dangerous to supply power through the main power supply line L13a. Turn off the relay 101 for Disconnect the Teri 1, to protect the main power line.

The CPU 105a of the μCOM 105A also monitors the current values of the current sensor 106a and the current sensor 106b when the battery cut relay 101 is turned on, and adjusts the power generation amount from the output port O3 to the alternator 5 based on the monitoring result. The control signal for is converted to D / A and output, and the alternator 5 is controlled so that there is no excess or deficiency of the charging current to the battery 1.

Specifically, if the current values of the current sensor 106a and the current sensor 106b are equal, it is determined that the current state is normal, and the current power generation state is maintained. As a result of the comparison, if the load current is larger than the power generation current, it is determined that the power generation amount is insufficient, and the control signal corresponding to the size of the shortage is output to the output port O3 to increase the power generation amount. To do so.

Further, as a result of the comparison, if the load current is smaller than the generated current, it is determined that the battery 1 is charged by the generated current, and then the charging state of the battery is monitored,
When the charging current is large or there is a risk of overcharging, reduce the amount of power generation. As a result, when the battery capacity is low or when the battery is overcharged, the power generation current of the alternator 5 is reduced, or the battery cut relay 101 is used.
The battery deterioration can be prevented by disconnecting the battery 1 from the circuit.

Furthermore, as a result of the comparison, if the load current is much smaller than the power generation current, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred on the battery side or the battery is abnormally charged, and the output port O1 is output. An on / off control signal is output to turn off the battery cut relay 101.

Further, the CPU 105a of the μCOM 105A
If the load current is abnormally larger than the generated current, it can be determined that the amount of power generation is insufficient or the ignition switch is off and the engine is stopped. Load-off information for turning off the semiconductor switching device having the predetermined overcurrent protection function in the load connection boxes 20-50 is sent from O4 to the load control unit 205 in the load connection boxes 20-50.

For example, when the amount of power generation is zero, a user who cannot easily notice a large current load, such as a defroster, a blower motor, a mirror heater, and a seat heater, has a duty ratio of 80% to 5%.
Decrease it to 0%. In addition, for a load that gives a bad impression to the user when the energization current is reduced, for example, a head lamp, a tail lamp, a room lamp, and a wiper, a certain energization time is determined in advance, for example, the head lamp 5
Minutes, tail lamp 30 minutes, room lamp 1 hour, etc., the load operation is stopped after a certain period of time elapses.

On the other hand, in the load control unit 205 in each load connection box 20-50, the CP of the μCOM 205A is used.
The U205a monitors the states of various switches including a load operation switch (not shown), inputs drive current information indicating load drive current values from the semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204dA having an overcurrent protection function, and supplies the power in the power supply box 10. For the control unit 105, semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204dA having an overcurrent protection function are provided.
The drive current information indicating the load drive current value that is collected from the output port O2 and the on / off information that is collected about the various switches connected to the load connection units 20 to 50 are transmitted from the output port O2 via a multiplex communication line (not shown).

The CPU 205a of the μCOM 205A also has semiconductor switching elements 204a to 204a having an overcurrent protection function based on the load-off information from the power supply control unit 105 of the power supply box 10 input to the input port I2.
A control signal for turning off a predetermined 4dA is output to the output port O1.

In the embodiment described above with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the power supply line branched for the important traveling system load and the backup power supply line are interconnected while preventing backflow between them, Semiconductor switching elements 204a and 204 having an overcurrent protection function as a unidirectional semiconductor switching means for a load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary
b and 204c respectively, and has an overcurrent protection function as a unidirectional semiconductor switching means for an important traveling system load of loads that need to be supplied with power by branching the backup power supply line. A configuration is adopted in which the semiconductor switching elements 204d and 204dA are connected to each other. However, as the interconnection means 204 for interconnecting the power supply line branched for the important traveling system load and the backup power supply line while preventing backflow between them,
As shown in FIG. 6, the power supply lines may be interconnected via the diodes D1 to D3, and the backup power supply may be constantly supplied to the important traveling system load via the backup power supply lines. However, in this case, the semiconductor switching element 204 having an overcurrent protection function as a semiconductor switching means for turning on and off the important traveling system load
It is necessary to separately provide e on the downstream side of the interconnection point as shown.

As is apparent from the above-described embodiments, the battery power source is branched into the main power source and the backup power source, the main power source is supplied to the load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and the backup power source is constantly supplied with power. By supplying power to the load such as the power supply control unit 105 and the load control unit 205 including μCOM that need to be supplied, it is necessary to always supply power even if the main power supply is cut off for some reason. The power supply to the load such as the power supply control unit 105 and the load control unit 205 is secured by the backup power supply, and one of the plurality of branched backup power supplies is connected to the main power supply through the same path and the rest is connected to the main power supply. Since it is designed to supply to each of the loads that need to be constantly powered by a path different from the path, Even both are both damaged if there is a backup power source with the main power supply to the location collide, it can be continuously supplied to the load that needs to be constantly powered backup power through different paths.

Further, as is apparent from the embodiment, since the backup power supply branched into a plurality is also supplied to the important traveling system load, the vehicle collides with the main power supply and the backup power supply at that location and both are damaged. Even if it does, the backup power can be continuously supplied to the important traveling system load, and the vehicle cannot be stopped due to the interruption of the main power.

Further, as is apparent from the embodiment, the branch of the battery power source and the branch of the backup power source are performed in the power supply box 10. Therefore, the power supply control means as a load that is required to be constantly supplied with power in the power supply box operates by a plurality of branched backup power supplies and cuts off the main power supply to the cutoff means also included in the power supply box. The main power supply can be cut off at the branch point of the battery power supply, and the main power supply can be effectively cut off.

Further, as is apparent from the above-mentioned embodiment, the main power supply and the backup power supply are the main power supply line L13a and the plurality of backup power supply lines L13b and L13.
13bA to the outside of the power supply box 10 and lead out to the main power supply line L13a and the branch backup power supply line L.
At least one of L13b and L13bA is supplied to a load connection box installed at a position away from the power supply box through the same path, and the remaining branch backup power supply line L13bA is loaded through a path different from the main power supply line L13a. Supplying to the connection box. Then, the main power supply L13a is branched in the load connection box and is connected to the load connection box to supply a load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and a plurality of backup power supplies are built in the load connection box at all times. Load control means 205 as a load that needs to be supplied with power
In addition to the power supply to the main load, it is possible to supply the power to the important traveling system load of the loads that need to be supplied with power when necessary. Therefore, even if the main power supply is cut off in the power supply box and the main power supply is not supplied to the load connection box, the operation of the load control means can be ensured by the plurality of branch backup power supplies supplied to the load connection box. .

Further, according to the above-described embodiment, the power supply control 105 detects the occurrence of a short circuit in the main power supply line, and causes the battery cutting relay 101 as the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply. However, since the backup power supply supplies power to the important traveling loads among the loads that should be supplied when necessary, the main power supply line caused by a short circuit does not completely disable the running of the vehicle. The damage of can be avoided.

Moreover, the power supply control means detects that all the loads that need to be supplied with power when necessary are stopped, and causes the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply. However, in the situation where all loads are stopped, such as when parked, while ensuring the operation of loads that need to be constantly supplied with backup power, it is possible that the main power line may be alive. The problem of overheating and damage due to a short circuit can be prevented.

[0072]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, even if the main power supply is cut off due to some factor, the power supply to the load that needs to be constantly supplied is still possible. Secured by a backup power supply,
Moreover, one of the plurality of backup power supplies is supplied to the load that needs to be constantly supplied with power through the same path as the main power supply and the rest is supplied through a path different from the main power supply path. Even if there is a collision and there is a backup power supply along with the main power supply at that location and both are damaged, the backup power supply that goes through a different path can be continuously supplied to the load that needs to be constantly supplied, and it will be proactive when needed. It is possible to provide a vehicle power supply distribution device that can also shut off the main power supply.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the backup power supply branched into a plurality is also supplied to the important traveling system load, the vehicle collides with the main power supply and the backup power supply at that location. Even if it ’s damaged
The backup power can be continuously supplied to the important traveling system load, and the traveling of the vehicle will not be disabled due to the interruption of the main power supply.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the branch of the battery power supply and the branch of the backup power supply are performed in the power supply box, and the power supply as a load which is built in the power supply box and needs to be constantly supplied with power. Since the control means operates by a plurality of branched backup power supplies to cut off the main power supply to the shut-off means also built in the power supply box, the main power supply can be cut off at the branch point of the battery power supply. The blocking can be performed effectively.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, at least one of the main power supply line branching the main power supply and the backup power supply and the branch backup power supply line is installed at a position separated from the power supply box through the same path. Supplied to the load connection box, the rest of the branch backup power supply line was supplied to the load connection box through a route different from the main power supply line, and the main power supply was branched in the load connection box and connected to the load connection box. It supplies to the load that only needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and supplies multiple backup power sources in the load connection box to the load control means as a load that needs to be constantly powered in the load connection box. It is designed to be able to supply to important traveling system loads of loads that need to be supplied with power. Even if the main power is cut off, not main power is supplied to the load connection box in,
The operation of the load control means can be ensured by the plurality of branch backup power supplies supplied to the load connection box.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the power supply control means detects the occurrence of a short-circuit in the main power supply line and causes the shut-off means to shut off the main power supply, but makes the traveling of the vehicle completely impossible. In addition, it is possible to avoid damage to the main power supply line caused by a short circuit.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the power supply control means detects that all the loads that should be supplied with power when necessary are stopped and causes the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply, the backup power supply is used. Preventing problems that may occur due to a live main power line in situations where all loads are stopped, such as when parking, while ensuring the operation of loads that need to be constantly powered. You can

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, even if the main power supply line is cut off for some reason, the backup power supply line ensures the power supply to the load that needs to be constantly supplied with power. Moreover, one of the plurality of branched power supply lines is connected to the same power supply line as the main power supply line, and the rest is connected to a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power via a different route from the main power supply line. Therefore, even if the vehicle collides and the backup power supply line as well as the main power supply line at that location are damaged and both are damaged, power will still be supplied to the load that needs to be constantly supplied with power via the backup power supply line that runs through a different route. And the required load control can be performed.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the power is also supplied to the important traveling system load via the backup power supply line branched into a plurality of parts, the vehicle collides and the main power supply line is backed up at that location. Even if both power supply lines are damaged, backup power can be continuously supplied to the important traveling system loads. Therefore, it is possible to positively shut off the main power supply when necessary without worrying that the vehicle cannot run.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the main power line and the backup power line are branched in the power box provided near the battery, and a plurality of backup power lines are provided in the same power box. Since it is branched to, it is possible to reduce problems that occur before the battery power line is branched. Moreover, the power supply control means in the power supply box always operates to cut off the power supply by the main power supply line to the cutoff means in the same power supply box, so the main power supply line is cut off to prevent troubles such as short circuit. This can be effectively done at the branch point of the power line. In addition, the number of power supply lines connected to the load connection box that is led out of the power supply box and installed at a distant position can be small, and in particular, for backup power supply lines that have been branched into multiple parts, one can be used as the main power supply line. Since the rest is connected to the load connection box by a route different from the route of the main power line by the same route, even if the vehicle collides and there is a backup power line as well as the main power line at that location, it will be different Power is continuously supplied to a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power via a backup power supply line that passes through the route, and the vehicle is not disabled. Further, the power supply line for the important traveling system load branched from the main power supply line and the power supply line branched from each backup power supply line are mutually blocked via the one-way semiconductor switching means while preventing a reverse flow therebetween. After being connected, it can be connected to the important traveling system load and can supply power to the important traveling system load via the backup power supply line.The main power line is cut off in the power supply box and the main power supply is no longer supplied, or the vehicle collides. However, even if the backup power supply line as well as the main power supply line is damaged at that location, power is always supplied via the backup power supply line that passes through a different route, and the operation of the important traveling system load can be secured, and the vehicle cannot run. Never be.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the load control means continuously operating by the power supply from the backup power supply line generates a control signal to the control signal input to turn on / off the unidirectional semiconductor switching means. Since the control is performed, the unidirectional semiconductor switching means can be used also as a means for turning on / off the power supply to the load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, which is effective in simplifying the configuration.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the power supply control means detects the occurrence of a short-circuit in the main power supply line and causes the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply. The unidirectional semiconductor switching means, which is always in the off state, is continuously turned on so that the power is supplied to the important traveling system load through the other branched power supply line for backup. It is possible to avoid damage to the main power supply line caused by a short circuit without disabling it at all, and because power is not always supplied to important traveling system loads through the backup power supply line, use a thick wire with a large capacity as the backup power supply line. It is not necessary to use it and is effective for weight reduction.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a vehicle power distribution device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a vehicle power distribution device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a simplified diagram showing a state in which the device of FIG. 2 is mounted on a vehicle.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing details of a part of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing details of another part in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of a part of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Battery 10 Power Supply Box 101 Breaking Means (Battery Cut Relay) 105 Power Supply Controlling Means (Power Supply Control Section) 20 Load Connection Box 204 Interconnection Means D1, D2, D3 Diodes 204a to 204dA Semiconductor Switching Element Having Overcurrent Protection Function 205 Load control means (load control unit) L13a Main power supply line L13b, L13bA Backup power supply line

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location H02J 1/00 309 H02J 1/00 309B

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A battery power supply is branched into a main power supply and a backup power supply, the main power supply is supplied to a load that needs to be supplied with power when necessary, and the backup power supply is supplied to a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power. In the vehicle power distribution device, the backup power supply is branched into a plurality of power supplies, one of which is always supplied with the same path as the main power supply, and the rest of the power is always supplied with a path different from the main power supply path. A power distribution device for a vehicle, characterized in that each is supplied to a certain load. 2. The vehicle power supply distribution device according to claim 1, wherein the backup power supply branched to the plurality of power supplies can be supplied also to an important traveling system load among the loads. 3. The branch of the battery power supply and the branch of the backup power supply are performed in a power supply box, and the power supply box receives a supply of the plurality of branched backup power supplies as a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power. 3. The vehicle power supply distribution according to claim 1, further comprising a power supply control means that operates and a cutoff means that cuts off the supply of the main power supply under the control of the power supply control means. apparatus. 4. The main power supply and the backup power supply are led out of the power supply box through a main power supply line and a plurality of backup power supply lines, respectively, and at least one of the main power supply line and the branched backup power supply line is provided. One of them is supplied to the load connection box installed at a position distant from the power supply box through the same path, and the rest of the branched backup power supply line is supplied to the load connection box through a path different from the main power supply line. Then, the main power supply is branched in the load connection box and connected to the load connection box to supply to a load that may be supplied with power when necessary, and the plurality of branched backup power supplies in the load connection box are Load control means built in the load connection box as a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power The vehicle power distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that it has to be supplied. 5. The vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the power supply control means detects that a short circuit has occurred in the main power supply line, and causes the cutoff means to cut off the main power supply. Power distribution device. 6. The power supply control means detects that all the loads that should be supplied with power when necessary are stopped, and causes the cut-off means to cut off the main power supply. The vehicle power supply distribution device described in (1). 7. A battery power supply line is branched into a main power supply line and a backup power supply line, the main power supply line is connected to a load that can be supplied with power when necessary, and the backup power supply line is constantly supplied with power. In a vehicle power distribution device configured to be connected to a required load, the backup power supply line is branched into a plurality of lines, one of which is connected to the main power supply line through the same path, and the rest of which is connected to the main power supply line. A power supply device for a vehicle, characterized in that it is connected to a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power through a path different from the path. 8. A power supply in which the main power supply line is branched into a load for an important traveling system and a load other than the loads that should be supplied with power when necessary, and a branch for the important traveling system load. 8. An interconnection means is provided for interconnecting a line and the backup power supply line branched into a plurality of lines so that power can be supplied to the important traveling system load via the backup power supply line. The vehicle power supply distribution device according to. 9. A battery power supply line is branched into a main power supply line and a backup power supply line, the main power supply line is connected to a load that is supplied with power when necessary, and the backup power supply line is constantly supplied with power. In a vehicle power distribution device configured to be connected to a load that needs to be connected, branching to the main power line and the backup power line is performed in a power box provided near a battery, and the branch is performed in the power box. Power supply control means as a load that needs to be constantly supplied with power, the backup power supply line is branched into a plurality of lines, and the power supply box is operated by the power supply by the plurality of backup power supply lines. Power supply to the load, which may be supplied by the main power supply line under the control of the means. Shutting off means for shutting off is provided, and each of the main power supply line and the plurality of branching power supply lines is led out of the power supply box, and one of the plurality of branching power supply lines is connected to the main The same path as the power supply connects the rest to a load connection box installed at a position distant from the power supply box by a path different from the main power supply path, and the main power supply line is connected in the load connection box when the need arises. Of the loads that need to be supplied with power, the load is branched into one for important traveling system loads and the other loads, and is connected to the loads that need to be supplied with power when necessary through unidirectional semiconductor switching means. At the same time, each of the backup power supply lines is branched and one of them is connected to the load control means as the load that needs to be constantly supplied with power. And the vehicle power distributor, characterized in that connected through the one-way semiconductor switching means important traveling system load of said the other may be employed to power supply when needed the load. 10. The one-way semiconductor switching means comprises a one having a control signal input, and the load control means is continuously operated by power supply from each of the backup power supply lines, and the one-way semiconductor switching means. The on / off control of the means is performed.
The vehicle power supply distribution device according to. 11. The power supply control means continuously operates by supplying power from the backup power supply line, detects that a short circuit has occurred in the main power supply line, and supplies power to the cutoff means by the main power supply line. And the load control means continuously operates by the power supply by the backup power supply lines, and when the cutoff means cuts off the power supply by the main power supply line, the other branched power supply line for backup 10. The vehicle power distribution device according to claim 9, wherein the one-way semiconductor switching means, which is always in the off state, is on-controlled so as to supply power to the important traveling system load through the power supply system.