JPH0926479A - Noise detection analyzer for electromagnetic wave - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform a prediction analysis of earthquake generation by using analytical data of noise detected from high frequency electromagnetic wave. SOLUTION: Each detection device 1a to 1c is arranged in different area so as to receive AM radio wave, for example, so that vocal information carried by the high frequency is canceled and the output levels become constant regardless of the inclusion of vocal information. When noise at a high frequency is received in this state, the received information of the noise is sent to an analyzer 2 together with the received time. The analyzer 2 compares and judges the noise signal and the time signal from each analyzer 1a to 1c as a sign and the like of earthquake occurrence, for example, with a logic specified in advance, and then informs each member A to X of the evaluated result by way of a communication means 5 when the judged result corresponds to a reference determined in advance.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for detecting and analyzing changes in electromagnetic waves that are considered to be caused by natural activities, and in particular detects changes in electromagnetic waves that are a precursor of an earthquake with relatively inexpensive equipment. It also relates to a device that enables the private sector to predict earthquake occurrence with a certain degree of accuracy.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is well known to us that the occurrence of earthquakes is unavoidable in Japan, where complex stress is generated by the movement of various plates that make up the earth's crust.
Then, we urgently want to know accurate information (forecast) about the earthquake occurrence time and place. However, it is unfortunately well known to us that it is almost impossible to know the time and place of the earthquake at the current scientific level.

[0003]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It is certain that it is extremely difficult to predict the occurrence of an earthquake as described above. However, for example, abnormal behavior of animals, abnormal discharge phenomenon, occurrence of fireballs, etc. It is also certain that various anomalous phenomena were observed prior to. Of these possible precursor phenomena, electromagnetic anomalies that can be observed mechanically and quantitatively have attracted attention as a phenomenon that predicts the occurrence of earthquakes recently, based on years of steady observations by some scholars. It has come to collect.

FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show the observation results jointly carried out by Dr. Yukio Wanawa, a special researcher of the Research Institute for Disaster Prevention Science, Science and Technology Agency, and Dr. Kozo Takahashi of the Communications Research Laboratory.
The observation results before and after the Hokkaido Toho Oki Earthquake (October 4, 1994, 22: 23 / M8.1) are shown.

The above observation is carried out for the purpose of detecting electric field fluctuations in the ground, and several kinds of measurement frequency bands are set, but the data shown in the figure is 1 to 9 kHz (VLF).
The measurement result of is shown. First, in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the pulses P1 emitted at equal intervals are pulses indicating time (seconds). The above-mentioned Hokkaido Toho Oki Earthquake (hereinafter referred to as "H
(Abbreviated as "T earthquake") P2 from around October 1 before the occurrence
~ P6 (pulse P2 will be described later) begins to generate an abnormally large pulse. October 3
The number increased day by day and four days later.

FIG. 9 is a result obtained by plotting the number of occurrences of pulses that are too large to be observed at all times, including abnormally large pulses (hereinafter, these pulses are referred to as "significantly large pulses"), over time. . From this figure, H
The pulse number started to increase from October 1st, about 3 days before the T earthquake, and increased sharply from 17th October 4th, about 5 hours before the occurrence of the HT earthquake, about 20 minutes before the occurrence of the HT earthquake. It reached several tens of times the normal value and reached the peak. Also, it decreased sharply after the occurrence of the HT earthquake and returned to the normal value L1 about 3 hours after the occurrence of the earthquake. From the above observation results, it is understood that this single pulse is extremely effective as a predictive material for earthquake precursory phenomena, especially for a short period or immediately before an earthquake.

Although the above-mentioned observation is made by detecting the fluctuation of the underground electric field, this electromagnetic wave is emitted into the atmosphere and can be observed by an antenna arranged in the atmosphere. By the way, electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere are also detected by an antenna arranged underground. For example, a lightning strike between a distant place, a near place, and a cloud is VLF.
It is also detected as a pulse by the underground antenna, and is observed as a pulse other than the pulse that is a precursory phenomenon of the earthquake, that is, noise to be excluded from the observation target. Figure 1
The pulse P2 of 0 (A) is actually a pulse caused by this lightning strike and is different from the precursory pulse of the earthquake occurrence, and it was found by processing it together with other lightning measurement results.
In this case, the pulse due to lightning has a long duration t1 and
The waveform also becomes a relatively complicated waveform having some peaks. On the other hand, a pulse that is regarded as a precursor of an earthquake,
For example, the pulse P5 has a very short duration t2 and has a sharp waveform with one high peak. Therefore, it is relatively easy to exclude lightning noise from the duration and the waveform.

The above observation is the result of receiving the electromagnetic wave whose frequency band is the VLF band in order to avoid the presence of information signals such as radio. On the other hand, although not continuous as described above, the occurrence of a pulse that is a precursor of an earthquake has been observed in various bands. The frequency band in which the pulse, which is a sign of the earthquake, appears is very wide,
Outside the F band, long wave band of 10 to 100 kHz, 100 to 1
500kHz medium wave band or even MHz or gigahertz
Bands and almost all electromagnetic waves are observed.

At present, it is not known why the electromagnetic wave occurs as a precursory phenomenon of an earthquake, but before the occurrence of the earthquake, a small crushed bedrock,
It is thought that crushing etc. will occur gradually, and it is considered that the energy released by this crushing, crushing or displacement of the crushing surface is released to the ground and the atmosphere in the form of electromagnetic waves in an extremely wide band. . It is considered that, immediately before the occurrence of an earthquake, the generation of electromagnetic waves becomes maximum as shown in FIG. 9 and is emitted as large electric energy that can be observed by the naked eye such as air discharge and fireball generation. By the way, even in this Kansai earthquake, many people have observed a very clear air discharge before and after the earthquake.

[0010]

First of all, first of all, the announcement of the observation result regarding the prediction of earthquake occurrence, especially the announcement of the prediction of earthquake occurrence will have a very great social impact.
Furthermore, the observation of the precursory phenomenon of the earthquake has just begun. Considering these points, at present, it can be said that it is too early to develop and provide a device that predicts the occurrence of an earthquake widely to the general public. Also the second
In addition, since there is almost no band other than the VLF band that is not used as a carrier wave for transmitting a specific signal such as broadcasting, a special device for receiving electromagnetic waves in this band is used. Further, if electromagnetic waves in the air are captured even in this VLF band, for example, life noise due to ON / OFF of an air conditioner, an electric refrigerator, etc. is received, resulting in a large-scale device using an underground antenna as described above.

[0011]

The present invention has the above-mentioned technical features.
It is configured in consideration of social issues, the device itself is configured relatively inexpensively, and the prediction of earthquake occurrence by the device is communicated to a specific group as "measurement result", and "measurement result" is transmitted. The evaluation of "is basically a device for private groups, which is configured to be left to the information receiver.

The electromagnetic wave to be observed is an electromagnetic wave in the broadcast frequency band in which it has been difficult to detect special noise, and the noise to be detected is identified and analyzed in this broadcast frequency band.

That is, the present invention provides a detection device for extracting, for each band, noise of a specific level or higher that appears in high-frequency electromagnetic waves of one or more bands that are modulated by signals that transmit information, such as radio waves for radio broadcasting. The noise detection device consists of a device that analyzes the noise detection signal of the detection device.
A first high-frequency amplifying means for amplifying the high-frequency received electromagnetic wave as it is or by high-frequency detection, and a second amplifying means for detecting and amplifying the high-frequency received electromagnetic wave and smoothing it to obtain an information signal. By differentially amplifying the output of the first high frequency amplifying means and the demodulated output of the second information signal reproducing amplifying means, the output level is made constant regardless of the magnitude of the information transmission signal. A third high-frequency differential amplifying means, configured to detect high-frequency noise by invalidating the output level fixing function when high-frequency noise other than the information transmission signal is received; Is an electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis device characterized by being configured to input the noise detection signal and analyze the cause of noise generation.

[0014]

Each detecting device receives an electromagnetic wave in one or more bands modulated by a signal (for example, an audio signal) for transmitting specific information such as radio broadcasting, and the detecting device receives the electromagnetic waves through the first to third amplifiers. Cancel the signal and keep the output level constant regardless of the presence or absence of the signal. When noise larger than a preset threshold value is received in this state, this is output to the analysis device together with time information and the like as analysis data. The analysis device analyzes this material based on a predetermined analysis logic, and analyzes and determines whether or not this noise is a sign of an earthquake.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

The present invention comprises a plurality of detection devices distributed in a plurality of regions and an analysis processing device for analyzing the signals sent from the detection devices. If necessary, the analysis result of the analysis processing device is displayed. It is configured to include a plurality of receiving terminals that receive via communication means.

FIG. 1 shows the overall construction of this apparatus. First, the detection devices 1a, 1b, and 1c having the configurations described below are arranged in different areas. In the configuration shown in the figure, three detection devices are installed, but if the processing capacity of the analysis device permits, the analysis accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of detection devices installed. Reference numeral 2 indicates this analysis device,
The detection device is located at any of the installation locations of these detection devices or at a place different from the installation place of these detection devices, and the detection data is sent from the detection devices located at the various locations via communication means. It is a device that analyzes the results. A telephone line is generally used as a communication means for sending the detection result, but, for example, in a relatively large company, there are many cases where a dedicated communication line is set up for meetings, meetings, and other internal information transmission. It is effective to use this dedicated communication line when introducing this device as an in-company earthquake warning system.

Reference numeral 3 is an alarm device, and 4 is a data display means such as a printer, which is adapted to be appropriately connected to the analysis device 2. The analysis result of the analysis device 2 is configured to be output to a terminal of a person (hereinafter referred to as “member”) who has a contract with the communication device 5 to receive information from the device. The communication means may be the above-mentioned telephone line, in-house private line, etc., and the detection result is output to each member's terminal, for example, a facsimile or personal computer communication as personal computer communication.

Next, FIG. 2 shows a specific structure of the detection device shown in FIG. There are various possible configurations of this detection device, but in this embodiment, it is configured as a device for observing electromagnetic waves in the medium wave band. That is, there are many existing devices that receive electromagnetic waves in this band with various performances, and a device that meets the object of the present invention can be achieved by simply improving these existing products, which is extremely economical. The device shown in FIG. 2 is a device for receiving electromagnetic waves in the medium frequency band, and has the same basic configuration as an AM radio.

Here, as is well known, medium wave broadcasting is about 500 k.
This is done by amplitude-modulating (AM-modulating) a sound wave into a carrier wave (high frequency) in the band from Hz to about 1500 kHz, and this detection device uses a pulse wave of a high frequency that does not occur at the sound frequency from this carrier wave. Is detected as noise. Further, the analysis device is configured to detect a pulse wave, which is considered to be an earthquake precursor, as noise to be analyzed from the noise based on an analysis logic described later.

First, the first amplifier 6a outputs the high frequency received electromagnetic wave as a high frequency output (hereinafter referred to as "direct output") H as it is. However, the first stage high frequency detection may be performed also in the first amplifier 6a. On the other hand, the second amplifier 6b outputs the same high-frequency received electromagnetic wave as a high-frequency output (hereinafter referred to as "detection output") S detected by the detection means 7. The direct output H and the detection output S are differentially amplified by the third amplifier 6c via the differential means 17, and the outputs are kept constant in level regardless of the magnitude of the signal being carried (hereinafter, "detection target output"). And T).

That is, as shown in FIG. 11 (A), the high frequency appears as a waveform Pa in the direct output, but almost appears as Pa 'in the smoothed signal output S as shown in FIG. 11 (B). Since it does not exist, operation amplification is further performed as shown in FIG. As a result, the output level becomes constant, and when high frequency noise other than the information transmission signal is received, the output level constant function is invalidated, and such high frequency noise as the detection target output clearly appears as Pa ″. . Therefore, by setting the threshold value TH at an appropriate value, the noise detecting means 8 detects this noise to be detected, so that only the target noise can be detected. The detection signal is sent to the clock 9 at the same time, and the noise detection time is added to the detection signal, which is output as a noise signal to the analyzer through the communication means 10 such as the telephone line. Note that the term "high frequency" shown above is used as a term including wireless communication and the medium frequency wave for performing the AM modulation, and the MHz band for performing the FM modulation.

The above-mentioned configuration shows a configuration in which one detection device performs noise detection in one frequency band.
The configuration of FIG. 3 shows a case where a plurality of frequency bands are covered by one detection device. Here, for example, the band A amplification section 11a includes the first, second, and third amplifiers 6a, 6b, and 6c in FIG.
Shows the part that outputs. The band A amplifier 11a, the band B amplifier 11b, and the band C amplifier 11c are electromagnetic waves of different bands, for example, the band A amplifier 11a is 100 kHz.
z, the band B amplifier 11b is set to 800 kHz, and the band C amplifier 11c is set to 1500 kHz (1.5 MHz).

The amplifiers 11a, 11b, 11 for the respective bands mentioned above.
The detection target outputs T1, T2, and T3 output from c are detected by the noise detection means 8a, 8b, and 8c, respectively, and a clock 9 is applied to the detected noise.
The detection time output from is added, and the detection result is sent to the analysis device via the communication unit 10. The noise detecting means may be provided corresponding to each of the amplifying sections 11a, 11b, and 11c, and one noise detecting means may be used to process the signal from each amplifying section. Further, it is possible to confirm the noise detection time by using another time detection mechanism such as receiving an external standard time communication using such a built-in clock. Further, it is of course possible to provide a storage unit (not shown) next to the noise detection unit 8 as necessary to intermittently communicate with the analysis device at a remote place.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the structure of the analysis device. The analysis device 2 is based on signal input means 12 for receiving and inputting signals sent from detection devices in various places, storage means 13 for storing data output from the signal input means 12, and analysis data for the sent data, which will be described later. A calculation means 14 for analyzing and evaluating and a means 15 for setting a threshold value used when performing the analysis processing are provided.

5 to 8 show examples of noise signal analysis in the above-mentioned analysis device.

First, FIG. 5 shows a first analysis method. This analysis method is an analysis method that is possible both when an electromagnetic wave in one band is monitored by one detection device and when a plurality of electromagnetic waves are monitored. First, when the analysis device 2 receives a noise signal, it takes in a noise detection time signal added to the signal, and based on the time signal, determines whether or not a plurality of noise signals are received at the same time.

As the noise to the carrier wave, various noises are received in addition to the pulse wave which is the noise of the precursor of an earthquake, the noise caused by the lightning strike, and the installation position of the device. For example, if the device is placed in the home, it may be caused by household electrical appliances such as the motor for the compressor of the refrigerator, or the motor when the elevator is moved up or down. Noise is referred to as "local noise"). The detection time added to the noise signal output from each detection device is usually in the unit of a fraction of a second or a few tenths of a second. Therefore, since it is extremely unlikely that local noise is simultaneously generated in such a short time, when the time data is the same or the difference between them is very small (for example, 1 second or less), the noise is counted as the noise at the same time. It is determined whether or not the number of noises determined to be the same-time noise is equal to or more than a preset specified number. For example, the specified number is 70% of the number of detectors installed. When the same-time noise is equal to or more than the specified number, these are judged as earthquake sign noises.

In this way, the same-time noise in each time zone is counted to determine whether it is a predictive noise. For example, the number of times that this predictive noise is determined is a predetermined number of times (for example, 20 times or less) within a predetermined time, for example, 30 minutes.
If it is more than once, report to each member.

There are various possibilities for the content of the report,
Even with this detection device, it is practically impossible to concretely predict the earthquake occurrence area and the occurrence time as in the conventional detection method, and it is originally intended to convey information within a specific group. Taken together, it is desirable to leave the evaluation of information to each member. That is, it is ultimately up to the member to decide whether the member should take evacuation action by the notification, only prepare for the occurrence of the earthquake, or ignore it in some cases. In other words, it is desirable to stop reporting only by providing objective information that "noise that seems to be an earthquake sign is occurring."

6 and 7 show a second analysis example. This example basically focuses on detecting a change in the amount of noise information input from each detection device. In addition, the threshold value for detecting as noise is set lower than that in the above method to increase the amount of information so that the overall change of noise can be easily captured. In this case, the amount of local noise mixed in also increases, but if the total increase in noise is limited to a specific detector, canceling the data of that detector will make it possible to capture the overall change fairly accurately. Is possible.

In FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the analyzing device is each detecting device (each stores noise information of a certain engine).
A noise detection signal is periodically received (for example, every hour) and is counted (S1). Whether or not the total count number of each detection device has increased is determined (S2), and when the total count number has increased, if this increase occurs only in a specific detection device (S3), noise is arranged by the detection device. The noise due to the peculiar circumstances of the place where the noise is detected, that is, the local noise is considered to be an increase factor of the noise number, and the signal data of this detection device is canceled and excluded from the analysis target. There are various possible causes of such local noise, such as electrical work in the neighborhood and elevator work.

On the other hand, when the noise detection signal from each of the detection devices is generally increasing, for example, the information that "noise that seems to be an earthquake sign is occurring" as shown in the first analysis example is generated. The (primary information) is reported to each member (S4). Subsequent to the above information processing, the number of fixed-time noises for the next time is input (S5), and it is determined whether or not the total number of noises has dropped to a normal value (S6). Similar to the judgment S3, it is judged whether or not the normal value is not decreased (including the case where it is increased) due to the increase of only a specific detector (S7). If it does not return to the normal value and this is not due to a specific detection device, it is further determined whether the noise number is maintained in the same state as the previous time or further increased from the previous time (S8).
However, if it is not increasing, a secondary notification with the same content as the previous time is issued. If the number is further increasing, as shown in FIG. 9, an alarm S10 having a higher degree of urgency than the secondary notification S9 is issued to indicate that the earthquake is about to occur.

FIG. 8 shows an analysis method showing a modification of the above-mentioned analysis method shown in FIG. 5, and mainly shows the analysis method focusing on the noise generation time.

First, the method is the same as that shown in FIG. 5 up to the determination of whether a plurality of (preset number) noises have been input at the same time. Next, when more than the set number is input, it is determined whether or not these noises are in different frequency bands (S11). If this noise extends over different frequency bands, a notification S12 is immediately issued. By the way, it is extremely unlikely that many local noises will occur at the same time (fractions of a second or tenths of a second) in different frequency bands. Recent studies have revealed that (noise) is generated.

On the other hand, in the case of the same frequency band, it is assumed that the noise is a local noise due to a wide range of influence such as a lightning strike phenomenon in a relatively wide area. Therefore, no immediate notification is given and this phenomenon is preset. After a certain number of times, the notification S12 is performed. However, it is possible to decide in what state to report by agreement with the member, so if you decide to report early even if the accuracy of the information is low, you can report once at the same time when the frequency band is different. You may.

Although several kinds of analysis methods have been described with reference to the drawings, these are merely examples and are not intended to be limited to this method. In addition, an analysis method using some of the above methods is also possible.

[0038]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY Since the present invention is intended to measure high frequency electromagnetic waves used as a communication means, the receiving device can be used as it is or with a small modification of a commercially available device and is extremely economical, and the same electromagnetic wave can be used. The possibility of earthquake occurrence can be evaluated from the carried noise, and it is particularly effective to use the above evaluation result in a specific member or a company having a dedicated communication line.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a detection device that detects noise in electromagnetic waves.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of the detection device.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an analysis device.

FIG. 5 is an analysis flowchart showing a first example of a noise analysis method.

FIG. 6 is an analysis flow chart showing a second example of a noise analysis method.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a continuation of the analysis flow shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is an analysis flowchart showing a third example of a noise analysis method.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change in the number of noise (pulse) occurrences in VLF before the occurrence of the Hokkaido Toho-oki earthquake.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B are diagrams showing a noise generation state.

11A and 11B are conceptual diagrams showing waveforms of high-frequency electromagnetic waves, in which FIG. 11A is a waveform diagram of direct output, FIG. 11B is a smoothed waveform diagram, and FIG. 11C is a waveform diagram after differential amplification. is there.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 1a, 1b, 1c (Noise) detection device 2 Analysis device 3 Alarm device 5 Communication means (between analysis device and member terminal) 6a First amplifier 6b Second amplifier 6c Third amplifier 10 (Analysis) Communication means (between device and sensing device)

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A detection device for extracting, for each band, noise of a specific level or higher that appears in high-frequency electromagnetic waves in one or more bands modulated by a signal transmitting information, and a noise detection signal of this detection device is analyzed. The noise detecting device includes a first amplifying unit that amplifies the high-frequency received electromagnetic wave as it is or by high-frequency detection and amplifies and smoothes the high-frequency received electromagnetic wave to detect noise. The second amplifying means used as an information signal and the first amplifying means
Third amplifying means for making the output level constant regardless of the magnitude of the information transmission signal by differentially high-frequency amplifying the high frequency output of the amplifying means and the demodulated signal output of the second amplifying means. And is configured to detect high-frequency noise by using the fact that the function for stabilizing the output level is disabled when high-frequency noise other than the information transmission signal occurs, and the analysis device inputs this noise detection signal. A noise detection / analysis device for electromagnetic waves, which is configured to analyze the cause of noise. 2. The electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the detection devices are installed in different regions, and each detection device is connected to an analysis device via a communication means. apparatus. 3. The detection device is provided with a time detection mechanism, and the noise signal is transmitted to the analysis device together with the noise occurrence time data.
Alternatively, the electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis device described in 2. 4. The electromagnetic wave according to claim 3, wherein the analysis device is provided with a means for comparing the time of occurrence of noise, and is configured to select only the noise generated at the same time as the analysis material. Noise detection / analysis device. 5. The analyzing device is provided with means for judging the band of the electromagnetic wave in which noise is generated, and is configured to add the type of band of the electromagnetic wave in which noise is generated as the analysis data. Alternatively, the electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis device described in 4. 6. The analysis device is provided with means for detecting the number of times of noise generation within a predetermined time, and is configured to add the number of noise generation times as analysis data. The electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis device described in. 7. A plurality of member terminals are connected to an analysis device via communication means, and the analysis result of the analysis device is output to each terminal. The electromagnetic wave noise detection / analysis device according to any one of the claims.