JPH09211499A - Electrophoretic display device - Google Patents
Electrophoretic display deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JPH09211499A JPH09211499A JP8014408A JP1440896A JPH09211499A JP H09211499 A JPH09211499 A JP H09211499A JP 8014408 A JP8014408 A JP 8014408A JP 1440896 A JP1440896 A JP 1440896A JP H09211499 A JPH09211499 A JP H09211499A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- substrate
- electrophoretic particles
- electrophoretic
- color
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、電気泳動表示装置に関
する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophoretic display device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】低消費電力化、あるいは目への負担軽減
などの観点から反射型表示装置への期待が高まってい
る。これまでに、反射型表示装置の一つとして例えば米
国特許３６６８１０６号に記載されているような電気泳
動表示装置が知られている。この電気泳動表示装置は、
荷電を有する電気泳動粒子と絶縁性液体からなる分散層
とこの分散層を挟んで対峙する一組の電極からなり、こ
の電極を介して分散層に電場を印加することによって、
電気泳動粒子をその荷電と反対極性の電極上に移動させ
て表示を行うものである。2. Description of the Related Art Expectations for a reflective display device have been increasing from the viewpoint of reducing power consumption or reducing the burden on the eyes. An electrophoretic display device described in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,668,106 is known as one of the reflective display devices. This electrophoretic display device
It is composed of a dispersion layer composed of electrophoretic particles having a charge and an insulating liquid and a pair of electrodes facing each other with the dispersion layer interposed therebetween, and by applying an electric field to the dispersion layer via this electrode,
Display is performed by moving the electrophoretic particles onto an electrode having a polarity opposite to that of the charge.
【０００３】電気泳動粒子の対比色は、色素を溶解させ
た前述の絶縁性液体が担っている。より詳細には、電気
泳動粒子が観測者に近い第１の電極の表面に付着する場
合は、電気泳動粒子の色が観測され、一方、電気泳動粒
子が観測者から遠い第２の電極の表面に付着する場合
は、電気泳動粒子の色は絶縁性液体に隠蔽されるととも
に絶縁性液体の色が観測されるというものである。電気
泳動表示装置は、例えば、Ｐｒｏｃ．ＳＩＤ、１８、２
６７（１９７７）に記載されているように、広視野角、
高コントラスト、低消費電力という利点を備えているも
のの、絶縁性液体に溶解した色素の電気泳動粒子への吸
着、及び電気泳動粒子が吸着した電極表面と電気泳動粒
子間への絶縁性液体の侵入などの悪影響により、高い反
射率、すなわち明るさと高いコントラストを両立させる
ことは本質的に不可能であるという大きな問題があっ
た。The contrasting color of the electrophoretic particles is carried by the above-mentioned insulating liquid in which the dye is dissolved. More specifically, if the electrophoretic particles adhere to the surface of the first electrode close to the observer, the color of the electrophoretic particles is observed, while the electrophoretic particles are on the surface of the second electrode far from the observer. When it adheres to, the color of the electrophoretic particles is hidden by the insulating liquid and the color of the insulating liquid is observed. An electrophoretic display device is disclosed in Proc. SID, 18, 2
67 (1977), a wide viewing angle,
Despite the advantages of high contrast and low power consumption, the dye dissolved in the insulating liquid is adsorbed to the electrophoretic particles, and the insulating liquid penetrates between the electrode surface adsorbed by the electrophoretic particles and the electrophoretic particles. Due to such adverse effects, it is essentially impossible to achieve both high reflectance, that is, high brightness and high contrast.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】以上のように、従来は
電気泳動表示装置において明るさと高コントラストを同
時に満足させることは困難であった。本発明は、前述し
た問題点を解決するためになされたものであり、明るさ
と高コントラストが両立した電気泳動表示装置を提供す
ることを目的とする。As described above, in the past, it was difficult to satisfy both brightness and high contrast in an electrophoretic display device at the same time. The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrophoretic display device in which brightness and high contrast are compatible.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、複数の画素を
有する電気泳動表示装置であって、前記画素は、第１の
基板と、該第１の基板上に設けられた平面状の第１の電
極と、該第１の電極側に、該第１の基板に対向して設け
られた透明な第２の基板と、該第１及び第２の基板間に
狭持され、無色の流体及び同極性の荷電をもつ少なくと
も１種の電気泳動粒子を含む分散層と、該第２の基板表
面のうち該分散層と反対側の表面の周囲に設けられた遮
蔽層と、該第１及び第２の基板間の領域のうち、該遮蔽
層により隠蔽された範囲内に設けられた第２の電極とを
具備する電気泳動表示装置を提供する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is an electrophoretic display device having a plurality of pixels, wherein the pixels have a first substrate and a planar first substrate provided on the first substrate. A first electrode, a transparent second substrate provided on the first electrode side so as to face the first substrate, and a colorless fluid sandwiched between the first and second substrates. And a dispersion layer containing at least one kind of electrophoretic particles having the same polarity, a shielding layer provided around the surface of the second substrate opposite to the dispersion layer, the first and There is provided an electrophoretic display device including a second electrode provided in a region hidden by the shielding layer in a region between the second substrates.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の表示装置は、その一画素
が、一対の基板とこれらの基板に狭持された分散層を含
み、その分散層内には、無色の流体と第１の色を有する
電気泳動粒子が含まれている。表示装置の表示面の周囲
は、遮蔽層で隠蔽されており、隠蔽された領域内には、
第２の電極が設けられている。また、隠蔽されない領域
内には、第１の電極及び第１の色と対比し得る第２の色
を有する部材を設けることができる。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the display device of the present invention, one pixel includes a pair of substrates and a dispersion layer sandwiched between these substrates, and the colorless fluid and the first dispersion liquid are contained in the dispersion layer. Electrophoretic particles having a color are included. The periphery of the display surface of the display device is covered with a shielding layer, and in the hidden area,
A second electrode is provided. In addition, a member having a first electrode and a second color that can be compared with the first color can be provided in the non-concealed region.
【０００７】本発明においては、第１の色を有する電気
泳動粒子と無色の流体を含む分散層によって隔離された
少なくとも二つの電極を用い、分散層内における電気泳
動粒子の空間分布を制御する電場を、該電極あるいは該
電極群を介して該分散層に印加することにより、第１の
色を有する電気泳動粒子と、第２の色を有する部材とを
対比させて、分散層の光学反射特性を制御することがで
きる。尚、電極としては、一対の電極の他、複数の導電
部が互いに電気的に絶縁された少なくとも少なくとも２
つの電極群を使用することができる。In the present invention, at least two electrodes separated by a dispersion layer containing electrophoretic particles having a first color and a colorless fluid are used to control the spatial distribution of electrophoretic particles in the dispersion layer. Is applied to the dispersion layer via the electrode or the electrode group to compare the electrophoretic particles having the first color with the member having the second color, and to obtain the optical reflection characteristics of the dispersion layer. Can be controlled. As the electrodes, in addition to the pair of electrodes, at least at least two electrically conductive parts are electrically insulated from each other.
One electrode group can be used.
【０００８】このような部材の好ましい形態として、例
えば第１の電極と前記分散層との間に、前記電気泳動粒
子の色と対比し得る第２の色を有する誘電体層を設ける
ことができる。このとき、第１の色を有する電気泳動粒
子が誘電体層上に引きつけられるように電圧を印加した
場合には、第２の基板から見ると、第１の色が表示され
る。反対に、電気泳動粒子が第２の電極層上に引きつけ
られるように電圧を印加した場合には、電気泳動粒子が
遮蔽層に隠蔽されて見えなくなるので、第２の基板から
見ると、誘電体層の第２の色が表示される。As a preferred form of such a member, for example, a dielectric layer having a second color that can be compared with the color of the electrophoretic particles can be provided between the first electrode and the dispersion layer. . At this time, when a voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles having the first color are attracted onto the dielectric layer, the first color is displayed when viewed from the second substrate. On the contrary, when a voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles are attracted onto the second electrode layer, the electrophoretic particles are hidden by the shielding layer and are not visible. The second color of the layer is displayed.
【０００９】他の好ましい形態では、例えば第１の電極
として、前記電気泳動粒子の色と対比し得る第２の色を
有するものを用いることができる。このとき、第１の色
を有する電気泳動粒子が第１の電極上に引きつけられる
ように電圧を印加した場合には、第２の基板から見る
と、第１の色が表示される。反対に、電気泳動粒子が第
２の電極層上に引きつけられるように電圧を印加した場
合には、電気泳動粒子が遮蔽層に隠蔽されて見えなくな
るので、第２の基板から見ると、第１の電極の第２の色
が表示される。In another preferred form, for example, the first electrode having a second color that can be compared with the color of the electrophoretic particles can be used. At this time, when the voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles having the first color are attracted onto the first electrode, the first color is displayed when viewed from the second substrate. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles are attracted onto the second electrode layer, the electrophoretic particles are hidden by the shielding layer and are not visible. The second color of the electrodes of is displayed.
【００１０】さらに他の好ましい形態では、第１の電極
が透明である場合に、電気泳動粒子の色と対比し得る第
２の色を有する第１の基板を用いることができる。この
とき、第１の色を有する電気泳動粒子が第１の電極上に
引きつけられるように電圧を印加した場合には、第２の
基板から見ると、第１の色が表示される。反対に、電気
泳動粒子が第２の電極層上に引きつけられるように電圧
を印加した場合には、電気泳動粒子が遮蔽層に隠蔽され
て見えなくなるので、第２の基板から見ると、第１の基
板の第２の色が表示される。In yet another preferred form, a first substrate having a second color that can be compared to the color of the electrophoretic particles can be used when the first electrode is transparent. At this time, when the voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles having the first color are attracted onto the first electrode, the first color is displayed when viewed from the second substrate. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles are attracted onto the second electrode layer, the electrophoretic particles are hidden by the shielding layer and are not visible. The second color of the substrate of is displayed.
【００１１】さらにまた他の好ましい形態では、第１の
電極及び第１の基板が透明である場合に、第１の基板の
両表面のうち、分散層と反対側の表面に、電気泳動粒子
と対比し得る第２の色を有する誘電体層を設けることが
できる。このとき、第１の色を有する電気泳動粒子が誘
電体層上に引きつけられるように電圧を印加した場合に
は、第２の基板から見ると、第１の色が表示される。反
対に、電気泳動粒子が第２の電極層上に引きつけられる
ように電圧を印加した場合には、電気泳動粒子が遮蔽層
に隠蔽されて見えなくなるので、第２の基板から見る
と、誘電体層の第２の色が表示される。In still another preferred embodiment, when the first electrode and the first substrate are transparent, electrophoretic particles are provided on both surfaces of the first substrate opposite to the dispersion layer. A dielectric layer having a second color that can be contrasted can be provided. At this time, when a voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles having the first color are attracted onto the dielectric layer, the first color is displayed when viewed from the second substrate. On the contrary, when a voltage is applied so that the electrophoretic particles are attracted onto the second electrode layer, the electrophoretic particles are hidden by the shielding layer and are not visible. The second color of the layer is displayed.
【００１２】また、別の好ましい形態では、第１の電極
及び第２の電極の他に、電気泳動粒子の移動領域を制約
するための電極あるいは電極群を、第２の基板上にさら
に設けることができる。[0012] In another preferred form, in addition to the first electrode and the second electrode, an electrode or a group of electrodes for restricting a moving region of electrophoretic particles is further provided on the second substrate. You can
【００１３】以下、図面を参照し、本発明を具体的に説
明する。図１は、本発明にかかる電気泳動表示装置の一
つの画素部分の断面構成図を表す。図１を用いて、以下
に、本発明の構成を説明する。この電気泳動表示装置
は、ある色を有する電気泳動粒子８と透明流体９とから
なる分散層を有し、この分散層が、第１の基板１と第２
の基板２及び二つの基板間を支持、封止するためのスペ
ーサ基板３に挟まれた空間に保持されている。図１に示
す構成を有する電気泳動表示装置の場合、観測者は第２
の基板２の外側から第１の基板に向かって表示装置を見
ることになるため、第２の基板２は透明である必要があ
る。第１の基板１の分散層側表面には第１の電極４が設
けられている。スペーサ基板３に沿って、第２の電極５
が配置されている。第２の基板２の外表面すなわち第２
の基板表面のうち該分散層と反対側の表面には、スペー
サ基板３及び第２の電極５を十分に隠蔽し得る遮蔽層１
１が設けられている。第１の電極４及び第２の電極５の
表面は、各々誘電体層６、７により被覆されている。電
気泳動粒子８の対比色は、誘電体層６、第１の電極４、
第１の基板１の少なくとも一つの部材が担っている。電
気回路１０は第１の電極４、第２の電極５、誘電体層６
及び誘電体層７を介して分散層に電圧を印加するための
ものであり、印加電圧の大きさ、極性などを自由に設定
できる。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional configuration diagram of one pixel portion of an electrophoretic display device according to the present invention. The configuration of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. This electrophoretic display device has a dispersion layer composed of electrophoretic particles 8 having a certain color and a transparent fluid 9, and the dispersion layer includes the first substrate 1 and the second substrate.
It is held in a space sandwiched between the substrate 2 and the spacer substrate 3 for supporting and sealing the space between the two substrates. In the case of the electrophoretic display device having the configuration shown in FIG.
Since the display device is viewed from the outside of the substrate 2 toward the first substrate, the second substrate 2 needs to be transparent. A first electrode 4 is provided on the surface of the first substrate 1 on the dispersion layer side. The second electrode 5 is formed along the spacer substrate 3.
Is arranged. The outer surface of the second substrate 2, ie the second
On the surface of the substrate surface of the substrate opposite to the dispersion layer, the shielding layer 1 capable of sufficiently concealing the spacer substrate 3 and the second electrode 5.
1 is provided. The surfaces of the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are covered with dielectric layers 6 and 7, respectively. The contrasting colors of the electrophoretic particles 8 are the dielectric layer 6, the first electrode 4,
At least one member of the first substrate 1 is responsible. The electric circuit 10 includes a first electrode 4, a second electrode 5, a dielectric layer 6
Also, the voltage is applied to the dispersion layer via the dielectric layer 7, and the magnitude and polarity of the applied voltage can be freely set.
【００１４】本発明に用いられる電気泳動粒子は、流体
に安定に分散され、単一の極性を有するとともに、その
粒径分布が小さいことが、表示装置の寿命、コントラス
ト、解像度などの観点から望ましい。また、その粒径
は、０．１μｍから５μｍが好ましい。この範囲内であ
ると、光散乱効率が低下せず、電圧印加時において十分
な応答速度が得られる。電気泳動粒子の材料としては、
例えば酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化
鉄、酸化アルミニウム、セレン化カドミウム、カーボン
ブラック、硫酸バリウム、クロム酸鉛、硫化亜鉛、硫化
カドミウムなどの無機顔料、あるいはフタロシアニンブ
ルー、フタロシアニングリーン、ハンザイエロー、ウオ
ッチングレッド、ダイアリーライドイエローなどの有機
顔料を用いることができる。It is desirable that the electrophoretic particles used in the present invention are stably dispersed in a fluid, have a single polarity, and have a small particle size distribution from the viewpoint of the life, contrast, resolution, etc. of the display device. . The particle size is preferably 0.1 μm to 5 μm. Within this range, the light scattering efficiency does not decrease, and a sufficient response speed can be obtained when a voltage is applied. As the material of the electrophoretic particles,
For example, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, cadmium selenide, carbon black, inorganic pigments such as barium sulfate, lead chromate, zinc sulfide, cadmium sulfide, or phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, Hansa yellow, Organic pigments such as Watching Red and Diary Ride Yellow can be used.
【００１５】本発明において、前述の電気泳動粒子を分
散させる流体としては、電気泳動粒子に対する溶解能が
小さく電気泳動粒子を安定に分散でき、イオンを含まず
かつ電圧印加によりイオンを生じない絶縁性のものが望
ましい。さらに、電気泳動粒子の浮沈防止のためには電
気泳動粒子と比重がほぼ等しく、電圧印加時における電
気泳動粒子の移動度の面から粘性の低いものが好まし
い。比較的多くの電気泳動粒子材料に対して用いること
のできる絶縁性液体としては例えば、ヘキサン、デカ
ン、ヘキサデカン、ケロセン、トルエン、キシレン、オ
リーブ油、リン酸トリクレシル、イソプロパノール、ト
リクロロトリフルオロエタン、ジブロモテトラフルオロ
エタン、テトラクロロエチレンなどを挙げることができ
る。なお、電気泳動粒子の浮沈防止のために電気泳動粒
子との比重整合を行う場合などは混合流体の利用も可能
である。In the present invention, the fluid for dispersing the above-mentioned electrophoretic particles has an insulating property such that the electrophoretic particles have a small dissolving ability, the electrophoretic particles can be stably dispersed, do not contain ions, and do not generate ions when a voltage is applied. The thing of is desirable. Further, in order to prevent floating and sedimentation of the electrophoretic particles, it is preferable that the electrophoretic particles have a specific gravity substantially equal to that of the electrophoretic particles and have low viscosity in view of mobility of the electrophoretic particles when a voltage is applied. Insulating liquids that can be used for a relatively large number of electrophoretic particle materials include, for example, hexane, decane, hexadecane, kerosene, toluene, xylene, olive oil, tricresyl phosphate, isopropanol, trichlorotrifluoroethane, dibromotetrafluoro. Examples thereof include ethane and tetrachloroethylene. It should be noted that a mixed fluid can be used when the specific gravity matching with the electrophoretic particles is performed to prevent the electrophoretic particles from floating and sinking.
【００１６】本発明において、電気泳動粒子の分散層に
おける混合重量率は、電気泳動粒子の電気泳動性が阻害
されず、かつ分散層の反射制御が十分に行える限り特に
限定されるものではないが、例えば１重量％から２０重
量％が好ましい。In the present invention, the mixing weight ratio of the electrophoretic particles in the dispersion layer is not particularly limited as long as the electrophoretic property of the electrophoretic particles is not hindered and the reflection of the dispersion layer can be sufficiently controlled. , For example 1 to 20% by weight is preferred.
【００１７】本発明において、電気泳動粒子の電荷を増
加させるため、あるいは同極性にするために、必要に応
じて、前述の流体に、樹脂、界面活性剤等の添加剤を加
えることができる。In the present invention, in order to increase the charge of the electrophoretic particles or to make them have the same polarity, an additive such as a resin or a surfactant can be added to the above-mentioned fluid, if necessary.
【００１８】本発明において、分散層の厚さは電気泳動
粒子の径より大きく、粒子の運動を妨げない限り特に限
定されるものではないが、電圧印加時の速い応答速度の
ためには、できるだけ薄いことが望ましい。このような
観点から、分散層の好ましい厚さは、５μｍから２００
μｍである。In the present invention, the thickness of the dispersion layer is larger than the diameter of the electrophoretic particles and is not particularly limited as long as it does not hinder the movement of the particles, but it is possible to achieve a high response speed when a voltage is applied. It is desirable to be thin. From such a viewpoint, the preferable thickness of the dispersion layer is from 5 μm to 200 μm.
μm.
【００１９】本発明に用いられる電極材料として、アル
ミニウム、銅、銀、金、白金などの良導電性のものが好
ましい。また、透明電極材料としては、酸化スズ、酸化
インジウム、ヨウ化銅などの薄膜を好ましく用いること
ができる。また、電極形成は蒸着、スパッタリング、フ
ォトリソグラフィなど通常の方法で行うことができる。
さらに、遮蔽層によって隠蔽される第２の電極において
は、電気泳動粒子が吸着する表面積を増加させるために
電極表面に凹凸構造を形成することができる。また、遮
蔽層面積を極力小さくし、開口率を向上させるために、
スペーサ基板および電極形状を、その縦断面すなわち第
１の基板あるいは第２の基板に垂直な方向の断面が分散
層側に半球状の凹部を有するような構造にすることがで
きる。As the electrode material used in the present invention, those having good conductivity such as aluminum, copper, silver, gold and platinum are preferable. Further, as the transparent electrode material, a thin film of tin oxide, indium oxide, copper iodide or the like can be preferably used. Further, the electrode formation can be carried out by a usual method such as vapor deposition, sputtering and photolithography.
Furthermore, in the second electrode hidden by the shielding layer, a concavo-convex structure can be formed on the electrode surface in order to increase the surface area on which the electrophoretic particles are adsorbed. Further, in order to minimize the area of the shielding layer and improve the aperture ratio,
The shape of the spacer substrate and the electrode may be such that the vertical cross section thereof, that is, the cross section in the direction perpendicular to the first substrate or the second substrate has a hemispherical concave portion on the dispersion layer side.
【００２０】本発明において、電極を配置する基板およ
びスペーサ基板の材質及び厚さは、十分な絶縁性及び平
面性を保ち、十分な強度を有するものであれば、特に限
定されない。具体的な材料としてはガラス、プラスチッ
ク、セラミックが好ましく使用される。また、第１の基
板に泳動粒子との対比色を担わせる場合は、適当な色
素、顔料をガラスやプラスチック、セラミックに混合し
たものや有色セラミックを基板として用いることができ
る。In the present invention, the material and thickness of the substrate on which the electrodes are arranged and the spacer substrate are not particularly limited as long as they maintain sufficient insulation and flatness and have sufficient strength. As specific materials, glass, plastic and ceramics are preferably used. When the first substrate is made to bear a contrasting color with the electrophoretic particles, it is possible to use a mixture of glass, plastic, or ceramic with a suitable dye or pigment, or a colored ceramic as the substrate.
【００２１】本発明において、第１の基板上に形成され
て泳動粒子の対比色を担わせる誘電体としては、誘電体
自身が対比色を有するもの、あるいは対比色を担う顔
料、染料を誘電体層に混合したものを使用することがで
きる。In the present invention, as the dielectric formed on the first substrate and having a contrasting color of the electrophoretic particles, the dielectric itself has a contrasting color, or a pigment or dye carrying a contrasting color is used as the dielectric. Mixtures of layers can be used.
【００２２】誘電体層の材料および厚さは、分散層に十
分な電圧が印加され、かつ表示ムラを生じない限りにお
いて特に限定されるものではない。誘電体材料として
は、例えば酸化チタン、酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウムな
どの無機物あるいは、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、フ
ェノール樹脂、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリプロピレ
ン、エポキシ樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル、フッ素樹脂、シリ
コン樹脂などの有機物を用いることができる。電気泳動
粒子との対比色を担う顔料や染料を混合する場合、その
材料は特に限定されないが、安定に誘電体層に保持され
るものが選択される。The material and thickness of the dielectric layer are not particularly limited as long as a sufficient voltage is applied to the dispersion layer and display unevenness does not occur. As the dielectric material, for example, an inorganic substance such as titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide or the like, or an organic substance such as polyethylene, polystyrene, phenol resin, polyamide, polyimide, polypropylene, epoxy resin, polyvinyl chloride, fluororesin, silicon resin or the like is used. be able to. When a pigment or dye that bears a contrasting color with the electrophoretic particles is mixed, the material is not particularly limited, but one that is stably retained in the dielectric layer is selected.
【００２３】電極あるいは基板上への誘電体層の形成に
は、材料に応じてスパッタリング、蒸着、溶液塗布、溶
液浸漬、スピンコート、ラングミュアブロジェット法な
どの通常の手法を用いることができる。誘電体層の厚さ
は、例えば数ｎｍから数μｍが考えられる。For forming the dielectric layer on the electrode or the substrate, a usual method such as sputtering, vapor deposition, solution coating, solution dipping, spin coating, or Langmuir-Blodgett method can be used depending on the material. The thickness of the dielectric layer may be, for example, several nm to several μm.
【００２４】なお、電気泳動粒子の電極表面上への不可
逆的な吸着および電極表面での水など不純物の電気化学
反応を防止するために、第１の電極のみならず第２の電
極表面にも必要に応じてフッ素樹脂などの誘電体層を設
けることが望ましい。In order to prevent irreversible adsorption of electrophoretic particles on the electrode surface and electrochemical reaction of impurities such as water on the electrode surface, not only on the first electrode surface but also on the second electrode surface. It is desirable to provide a dielectric layer such as a fluororesin if necessary.
【００２５】本発明において、遮蔽層は、泳動粒子隠蔽
のために設けられもので、例えば黒色炭素粉末をプラス
チックに混入した黒色不透明膜からなる。遮蔽層形成
は、蒸着、印刷などの通常の方法で行える。この遮蔽層
は、泳動粒子隠蔽のみならず表示装置のコントラスト向
上にも寄与するものである。In the present invention, the shielding layer is provided for concealing electrophoretic particles, and is made of, for example, a black opaque film in which black carbon powder is mixed with plastic. The shield layer can be formed by a usual method such as vapor deposition and printing. This shielding layer contributes not only to hiding the electrophoretic particles but also to improving the contrast of the display device.
【００２６】本発明において、電気回路は特に限定され
るものではないが、例えば最大定格電圧１００Ｖ、電源
容量１０ｍＡの電源を擁し、その極性を任意に設定でき
るものなどを用いることができる。In the present invention, although the electric circuit is not particularly limited, it is possible to use, for example, a power supply having a maximum rated voltage of 100 V and a power supply capacity of 10 mA, the polarity of which can be arbitrarily set.
【００２７】本発明の電気泳動表示装置において、表示
が行われる様子を図１を用いて簡単に説明する。電気回
路１０によって、第１の電極４が電気泳動粒子８と異な
った極性、第２の電極５が電気泳動粒子８と同じ極性と
なるように電圧を印加すると、電気泳動粒子８は、第１
の電極４を被覆している誘電体層６に移動し、その表面
を覆う。このとき透明基板２の外側から装置を見ている
観測者は、電気泳動粒子８の色を視認する。次に、電気
回路１０で第１の電極４、第２の電極５にかかる電圧の
極性を反転させると、電気泳動粒子８は、隠蔽層１１に
より隠蔽された領域内の、第２の電極５を被覆している
誘電体層７に移動し、その表面を覆う。電気泳動粒子８
は、隠蔽層１１により隠蔽された領域内にあるので、こ
のとき観測者は誘電体層６あるいは第１の電極４あるい
は第１の基板１の色すなわち電気泳動粒子８との対比色
を視認する。なお、電気泳動粒子８、誘電体層６、７の
材料などの条件設定によって、電圧印加後、電源回路１
０と第１の電極４および第２の電極５の接続を切断した
状態でも、電気泳動粒子８の誘電体層６あるいは７への
吸着が持続するというメモリー機能を付加することも可
能である。The manner of displaying images in the electrophoretic display device of the present invention will be briefly described with reference to FIG. When a voltage is applied by the electric circuit 10 so that the first electrode 4 has a polarity different from that of the electrophoretic particles 8 and the second electrode 5 has the same polarity as that of the electrophoretic particles 8, the electrophoretic particles 8 will have a first polarity.
To the dielectric layer 6 covering the electrode 4 and covering its surface. At this time, an observer looking at the device from the outside of the transparent substrate 2 visually recognizes the color of the electrophoretic particles 8. Next, when the polarities of the voltages applied to the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are reversed in the electric circuit 10, the electrophoretic particles 8 are separated from the second electrode 5 in the region hidden by the hiding layer 11. To the dielectric layer 7 covering and covering its surface. Electrophoretic particles 8
Is in the region hidden by the hiding layer 11, so that the observer visually recognizes the color of the dielectric layer 6, the first electrode 4 or the first substrate 1, that is, the contrast color with the electrophoretic particles 8. . It should be noted that, by applying conditions such as the materials for the electrophoretic particles 8 and the dielectric layers 6 and 7, after applying a voltage, the power supply circuit 1
It is also possible to add a memory function in which the adsorption of the electrophoretic particles 8 to the dielectric layer 6 or 7 is continued even when the connection between 0 and the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 is disconnected.
【００２８】以下、本発明の具体的な実施形態を示す。 第１の実施形態 その一画素分が図１に示す構造と同様の構造を有する電
気泳動表示装置において、各部材の選択、形成、及び設
定を以下のようにして行なった。第１及び第２の基板
１、２として厚さ１ｍｍの透明なガラス板を用いた。
又、スペーサ基板３として厚さ２５μｍのポリイミド製
基板を用いた。第１及び第２の基板１、２間の間隔は２
５μｍ、スペーサ基板３同志の間隔は１００μｍに設定
した。電極４は、基板１の分散層側表面に透明な酸化イ
ンジウムを厚さ約０．１μｍに蒸着して作製した。ま
た、電極５は、スペーサ基板３の分散側表面にニッケル
を厚さ約０．１μｍに電解析出して作成した。誘電体層
６、７は、第１の電極４、第２の電極５への泳動粒子８
の不可逆的な吸着を防止するとともに、特に誘電体層６
は泳動粒子の対比色を担うために配置される。誘電体層
６は、硫酸バリウム微粉末をフッ素樹脂に混入したもの
をスピンコートにより厚さ約０．５μｍで形成した。ま
た、誘電体層７は、透明フッ素樹脂をディップコートに
より厚さ約０．５μｍで形成した。遮蔽層１１は、炭素
微粉末をポリエステルに分散させた黒色不透明膜を厚さ
約１０μｍで基板２の分散層と反対側表面上に印刷する
ことにより形成した。基板２の両端からの長さは、泳動
粒子８がすべて誘電体層７に吸着された場合に泳動粒子
８が十分隠蔽される程度に設定した。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First Embodiment In an electrophoretic display device in which one pixel has the same structure as that shown in FIG. 1, selection, formation, and setting of each member were performed as follows. As the first and second substrates 1 and 2, transparent glass plates with a thickness of 1 mm were used.
As the spacer substrate 3, a polyimide substrate having a thickness of 25 μm was used. The distance between the first and second substrates 1 and 2 is 2
The distance between the spacer substrates 3 was 5 μm, and the distance between the spacer substrates 3 was 100 μm. The electrode 4 was produced by depositing transparent indium oxide on the surface of the substrate 1 on the dispersion layer side to a thickness of about 0.1 μm. The electrode 5 was formed by electrolytically depositing nickel on the surface of the spacer substrate 3 on the dispersion side to a thickness of about 0.1 μm. The dielectric layers 6 and 7 are electrophoretic particles 8 for the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5.
Of the dielectric layer 6 while preventing the irreversible adsorption of
Are arranged to carry the contrasting color of the electrophoretic particles. The dielectric layer 6 was formed by spin coating a fine powder of barium sulfate mixed with a fluororesin to a thickness of about 0.5 μm. The dielectric layer 7 was formed of transparent fluororesin by dip coating to a thickness of about 0.5 μm. The shielding layer 11 was formed by printing a black opaque film in which carbon fine powder was dispersed in polyester with a thickness of about 10 μm on the surface of the substrate 2 opposite to the dispersion layer. The length from both ends of the substrate 2 was set to such a degree that the electrophoretic particles 8 were sufficiently hidden when the electrophoretic particles 8 were all adsorbed to the dielectric layer 7.
【００２９】また、分散層は、以下の通り準備した。ま
ず、電気泳動粒子８として黒色樹脂トナー（粒径１μ
ｍ）を、また流体９としてイソプロパノールを用い、両
者を電気泳動粒子８の混合重量率が１０％となるように
混合し、さらに分散安定性の向上のために微量の界面活
性剤を添加し、分散層を準備した。この場合、電気泳動
粒子は表面が負に帯電している。The dispersion layer was prepared as follows. First, as the electrophoretic particles 8, black resin toner (particle size 1 μm
m) and isopropanol as the fluid 9, both are mixed so that the mixing weight ratio of the electrophoretic particles 8 is 10%, and a trace amount of a surfactant is added to improve dispersion stability. A dispersion layer was prepared. In this case, the surface of the electrophoretic particles is negatively charged.
【００３０】このようにして得られた電気泳動表示装置
の一画素分の駆動動作を以下に示す。まず、電気回路１
０により電極４、５を各々正極、負極となるように電圧
３０Ｖの直流電圧を印加すると負に帯電した電気泳動粒
子８は、電極４を被覆している誘電体層６に移動し、そ
の表面に吸着する。このとき、基板２側から観測する
と、電気泳動粒子８の黒色が観測される。この状態は電
極回路１０と電極との電気的接続を切り電圧印加を止め
た以降も持続され、本表示装置がメモリ機能を有するこ
とを示した。次に、先の場合と極性を反転して電圧印加
を行うと、すなわち電極４が負極、電極５が正極となる
ように３０Ｖの直流電圧を印加すると、電気泳動粒子８
は誘電体層６から電極５を被覆している誘電体層７に移
動しその表面に吸着する。この場合、観測者からは誘電
体層６の表面すなわち白色が見えるとともに、電気泳動
粒子８はマスク１１に隠蔽され、観測されなかった。光
学反射特性は、白表示、黒表示とも各々誘電体層６およ
び電気泳動粒子８単独の場合とほぼ等しく、電気泳動表
示装置が本来有する広視野角に加えて、明るさと高コン
トラストが両立した表示装置であることを確認できた。The driving operation for one pixel of the electrophoretic display device thus obtained will be described below. First, the electric circuit 1
When a DC voltage of 30 V is applied so that the electrodes 4 and 5 become a positive electrode and a negative electrode, respectively, by 0, the negatively charged electrophoretic particles 8 move to the dielectric layer 6 covering the electrodes 4 and the surface thereof. Adsorb to. At this time, when observed from the substrate 2 side, the black color of the electrophoretic particles 8 is observed. This state was maintained even after the electrical connection between the electrode circuit 10 and the electrodes was cut off and the voltage application was stopped, indicating that the present display device has a memory function. Next, when the voltage is applied with the polarity reversed from that in the previous case, that is, when a DC voltage of 30 V is applied so that the electrode 4 becomes the negative electrode and the electrode 5 becomes the positive electrode, the electrophoretic particles 8 are formed.
Moves from the dielectric layer 6 to the dielectric layer 7 covering the electrode 5 and is adsorbed on the surface thereof. In this case, the observer could see the surface of the dielectric layer 6, that is, white, and the electrophoretic particles 8 were hidden by the mask 11 and were not observed. The optical reflection characteristics are substantially the same in both white display and black display as in the case of the dielectric layer 6 and the electrophoretic particles 8 alone. In addition to the wide viewing angle originally possessed by the electrophoretic display device, a display in which brightness and high contrast are compatible with each other. I was able to confirm that it was a device.
【００３１】なお、基板１の分散層側表面における電気
泳動粒子８の付着を避けるために、分散側表面をフッ素
樹脂などの誘電体層で被覆することも効果的であること
を確認した。It has been confirmed that it is also effective to coat the dispersion-side surface with a dielectric layer such as a fluororesin in order to prevent the electrophoretic particles 8 from adhering to the dispersion-layer-side surface of the substrate 1.
【００３２】第２の実施形態 以下の分散層、第１の電極、及び誘電体層を用いる以外
は、第１の実施形態と同様にして電気泳動装置を得た。
ここでは、電気泳動粒子８としてポリエチレンで被覆さ
れた酸化チタン（粒径２μｍ）を、また流体９としてキ
シレンを用い、両者を電気泳動粒子８の混合重量率が５
％となるように混合し、さらに分散安定性の向上のため
に微量の界面活性剤を添加し、分散層を準備した。この
場合、電気泳動粒子は表面が正に帯電している。また、
第１の電極４として白金／白金黒電極を、第１の電極４
を被覆する誘電体層６として透明なフッ素樹脂を用い
た。その他は第１の実施形態と同様の構成である。Second Embodiment An electrophoretic device was obtained in the same manner as in the first embodiment except that the following dispersion layer, first electrode, and dielectric layer were used.
Here, titanium oxide (particle size: 2 μm) coated with polyethylene is used as the electrophoretic particles 8, and xylene is used as the fluid 9, and both are mixed at a weight ratio of 5 of 5.
% So that a dispersion layer was prepared by adding a trace amount of a surfactant to improve dispersion stability. In this case, the surface of the electrophoretic particles is positively charged. Also,
A platinum / platinum black electrode is used as the first electrode 4, and the first electrode 4
A transparent fluororesin was used as the dielectric layer 6 covering the. The other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
【００３３】以下に第２の実施形態にかかる電気泳動表
示装置の一画素分の動作を説明する。電気回路１０によ
り第１の電極４及び第２の電極５を各々負極、正極とな
るように電圧２０Ｖの直流電圧を印加すると、正に帯電
した電気泳動粒子８は、第１の電極４を被覆している誘
電体層６に移動し、その表面に吸着する。このとき第２
の基板２側から観測すると、電気泳動粒子８の白色が観
測される。この状態は電気回路１０と電極との電気的接
続を切り、電圧印加を止めた以降も持続され、メモリ機
能を有することを示している。次に、先の場合と極性を
反転して電圧印加を行うと、すなわち第１の電極４が正
極、第２の電極５が負極となるように２０Ｖの直流電圧
を印加すると、電気泳動粒子８は誘電体層６から第２の
電極５を被覆している誘電体層７に移動し、その表面に
吸着する。この場合、観測者からは透明誘電体層６を介
して第１の電極４の表面すなわち黒色が見えるととも
に、電気泳動粒子８は遮蔽層１１に隠蔽されて観測され
ない。光学反射特性は、白表示、黒表示とも各々電気泳
動粒子８および電極４単独の場合とほぼ等しく、電気泳
動表示装置が本来有する広視野角に加えて、明るさと高
コントラストが両立した表示装置であることを確認でき
た。The operation of one pixel of the electrophoretic display device according to the second embodiment will be described below. When a DC voltage of 20 V is applied by the electric circuit 10 so that the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 become the negative electrode and the positive electrode, respectively, the positively charged electrophoretic particles 8 cover the first electrode 4. It moves to the dielectric layer 6 and is adsorbed on its surface. At this time
When observed from the substrate 2 side, the white color of the electrophoretic particles 8 is observed. This state is maintained even after the electrical connection between the electric circuit 10 and the electrode is cut off and the voltage application is stopped, indicating that it has a memory function. Next, when the voltage is applied with the polarity reversed from that in the previous case, that is, when a DC voltage of 20 V is applied so that the first electrode 4 becomes the positive electrode and the second electrode 5 becomes the negative electrode, the electrophoretic particles 8 Moves from the dielectric layer 6 to the dielectric layer 7 covering the second electrode 5 and is adsorbed on the surface thereof. In this case, the observer can see the surface of the first electrode 4, that is, the black color, through the transparent dielectric layer 6, and the electrophoretic particles 8 are hidden by the shielding layer 11 and are not observed. The optical reflection characteristics in white display and black display are almost the same as those in the case of the electrophoretic particles 8 and the electrode 4 alone. In addition to the wide viewing angle originally possessed by the electrophoretic display device, the display device has both brightness and high contrast. I was able to confirm that there is.
【００３４】第３の実施形態 この電気泳動表示装置は、その分散層、誘電体層、第１
の基板１以外は、第１の実施形態と同様にして得た。分
散層は、電気泳動粒子８としてポリエチレンで被覆され
た酸化チタン（粒径２μｍ）を、また流体９としてキシ
レンを用い、両者を電気泳動粒子８の混合重量率が５％
となるように混合し、さらに分散安定性の向上のために
微量の界面活性剤を添加し、分散層を準備した。この場
合、電気泳動粒子は表面が正に帯電していた。第１の電
極４を被覆する誘電体層６として透明なフッ素樹脂を用
いた。また、第１の基板１は黒色顔料を分散させた黒色
ガラスを用いた。Third Embodiment This electrophoretic display device has a dispersion layer, a dielectric layer, and a first layer.
The substrate was obtained in the same manner as in the first embodiment, except for the substrate 1. In the dispersion layer, titanium oxide (particle size: 2 μm) coated with polyethylene was used as the electrophoretic particles 8, and xylene was used as the fluid 9, and both of them had a mixing weight ratio of 5%.
To obtain a dispersion layer by adding a small amount of a surfactant to improve dispersion stability. In this case, the surface of the electrophoretic particles was positively charged. A transparent fluororesin was used as the dielectric layer 6 covering the first electrode 4. The first substrate 1 is made of black glass in which a black pigment is dispersed.
【００３５】以下に、この電気泳動表示装置の一画素分
の駆動動作を説明する。電気回路１０により第１の電極
４、第２の電極５を各々負極、正極となるように電圧２
０Ｖの直流電圧を印加する。正に帯電した電気泳動粒子
８は、第１の電極４を被覆している誘電体層６に移動
し、その表面に吸着する。このとき第２の基板２側から
観測すると、電気泳動粒子８の白色が観測される。次
に、先の場合と極性を反転して電圧印加を行うと、すな
わち第１の電極４が正極、電極５が負極となるように２
０Ｖの直流電圧を印加すると、電気泳動粒子８は誘電体
層６から第２の電極５を被覆している誘電体層７に移動
し、その表面に吸着する。この場合、観測者からは透明
誘電体層６および透明電極４を介して基板１の表面すな
わち黒色が見えるとともに、電気泳動粒子８は遮蔽層１
１に隠蔽され観測されない。光学反射特性は、白表示、
黒表示とも各々電気泳動粒子８および基板１単独の場合
とほぼ等しく、電気泳動表示装置が本来有する広視野角
に加えて、明るさと高コントラストが両立した表示装置
であることを確認した。The driving operation for one pixel of this electrophoretic display device will be described below. A voltage 2 is applied by the electric circuit 10 so that the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 become a negative electrode and a positive electrode, respectively.
A DC voltage of 0 V is applied. The positively charged electrophoretic particles 8 move to the dielectric layer 6 covering the first electrode 4 and are adsorbed on the surface thereof. At this time, when observed from the second substrate 2 side, the white color of the electrophoretic particles 8 is observed. Next, when the voltage is applied with the polarity reversed from that in the previous case, that is, the first electrode 4 becomes a positive electrode and the electrode 5 becomes a negative electrode.
When a direct current voltage of 0 V is applied, the electrophoretic particles 8 move from the dielectric layer 6 to the dielectric layer 7 covering the second electrode 5 and adsorb to the surface thereof. In this case, the observer can see the surface of the substrate 1, that is, the black color, through the transparent dielectric layer 6 and the transparent electrode 4, and the electrophoretic particles 8 are shielded by the shielding layer 1.
It is hidden by 1 and not observed. The optical reflection characteristics are white display,
It was confirmed that the black display was almost the same as the case of using the electrophoretic particles 8 and the substrate 1 alone, and it was confirmed that in addition to the wide viewing angle originally possessed by the electrophoretic display device, brightness and high contrast were compatible.
【００３６】第４の実施形態 図２は、本発明にかかる他の電気泳動表示装置の一つの
画素部分の断面構成図を表す。以下、第４の実施形態の
構成について、図２を用いて説明する。第１の実施形態
と同様に、図２に示す画素部分では、電気泳動粒子８を
含む透明流体９からなる分散層が、第１の基板１と透明
な第２の基板２および二つの基板間の距離を固定するた
めのスペーサ基板３に挟まれた空間に保持されている。
第１の基板１には第１の電極４が、また、スペーサ基板
３には第２の電極５が、さらに第２の基板２には透明な
第３の電極２１が、各々分散層側の基板表面に配置され
ている。第１の電極４、第２の電極５、及び第３の電極
２１の表面は、各々、誘電体層６、７及び２２により被
覆されており、誘電体層６は電気泳動粒子８の対比色を
担っている。電気回路１０は、第１の電極４、第２の電
極５、第３の電極２１及び誘電体層６、７、２２を介し
て分散層に電圧を印加するために設けられている。Fourth Embodiment FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing one pixel portion of another electrophoretic display device according to the present invention. The configuration of the fourth embodiment will be described below with reference to FIG. As in the first embodiment, in the pixel portion shown in FIG. 2, the dispersion layer composed of the transparent fluid 9 containing the electrophoretic particles 8 is provided between the first substrate 1 and the transparent second substrate 2 and between the two substrates. It is held in a space sandwiched between the spacer substrates 3 for fixing the distance.
A first electrode 4 is formed on the first substrate 1, a second electrode 5 is formed on the spacer substrate 3, and a transparent third electrode 21 is formed on the second substrate 2. It is arranged on the substrate surface. The surfaces of the first electrode 4, the second electrode 5, and the third electrode 21 are covered with dielectric layers 6, 7 and 22, respectively. The dielectric layer 6 has a contrasting color of the electrophoretic particles 8. Is responsible for The electric circuit 10 is provided to apply a voltage to the dispersion layer via the first electrode 4, the second electrode 5, the third electrode 21, and the dielectric layers 6, 7, 22.
【００３７】第３の電極２１は、泳動粒子８の誘電体層
６、７の表面間の移動をより円滑に行うために配置され
るものである。第３の電極２１に、電気泳動粒子８と反
対極性の電位をかけることで電気泳動粒子８の誘電体層
表面６、７間の移動を円滑にし、かつ表示ムラを低減す
ることができる。遮蔽層１１は、泳動粒子８が誘電体層
７の表面に位置する場合に、泳動粒子８を隠蔽するため
に設けられるもので、第２の基板２の外表面に、スペー
サ基板３及び第２の電極５を十分隠蔽するように形成さ
れている。観測者は基板２の分散層と反対側から表示装
置を見ることになる。The third electrode 21 is arranged to move the electrophoretic particles 8 between the surfaces of the dielectric layers 6 and 7 more smoothly. By applying a potential having a polarity opposite to that of the electrophoretic particles 8 to the third electrode 21, the electrophoretic particles 8 can be smoothly moved between the dielectric layer surfaces 6 and 7, and display unevenness can be reduced. The shielding layer 11 is provided to cover the electrophoretic particles 8 when the electrophoretic particles 8 are located on the surface of the dielectric layer 7. The shield layer 11 is provided on the outer surface of the second substrate 2 and the spacer substrate 3 and the second substrate 2. Is formed so as to sufficiently cover the electrode 5. The observer sees the display device from the opposite side of the substrate 2 from the dispersion layer.
【００３８】上述のような構成を有する電気泳動表示装
置の各部の詳細は、以下のとおりである。第１の基板
１、第２の基板２として、厚さ１ｍｍの透明なガラスを
用いた。また、スペーサ基板３として厚さ５０μｍのガ
ラスエポキシ樹脂製の基板を用いた。基板１、２間の間
隔は５０μｍ、スペーサ基板３同志の間隔は１５０μｍ
に設定した。第１の電極４、第３の電極２１は、各々第
１の基板１及び第２の基板２の表面に透明な酸化インジ
ウムを厚さ約０．１μｍに蒸着して作製した。また、電
極５は、スペーサ基板３の分散層側表面にニッケルを厚
さ約０．１μに電解析出して作製した。誘電体層６、
７、２２は第１の電極４、第２の電極５、第３の電極２
１への泳動粒子８の不可逆的な吸着を防止するために、
特に誘電体層６はさらに泳動粒子と対比する白色を担う
ために配置した。誘電体層６として、酸化チタン微粉末
をフッ素樹脂に混入し、スピンコートにより厚さ約０．
５μｍに形成したものを用いた。また、誘電体層２２と
して透明フッ素樹脂を同様の方法で厚さ約０．５μｍで
形成したものを用いた。また、誘電体層７として、透明
フッ素樹脂をディップコートにより厚さ０．５μｍで形
成したものを用いた。遮蔽層１１は、炭素微粉末をポリ
エステルに分散させた黒色不透明膜を厚さ約１０μｍで
第２の基板２の外表面上に印刷することにより形成し
た。遮蔽層１１の幅及び位置は、泳動粒子８がすべて誘
電体層７に吸着された場合に泳動粒子８が十分隠蔽され
るように設定した。分散層は、第１の実施形態と同様に
して形成した。The details of each part of the electrophoretic display device having the above-described structure are as follows. As the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, transparent glass having a thickness of 1 mm was used. As the spacer substrate 3, a glass epoxy resin substrate having a thickness of 50 μm was used. The distance between the substrates 1 and 2 is 50 μm, and the distance between the spacer substrates 3 is 150 μm.
Set to. The first electrode 4 and the third electrode 21 were formed by depositing transparent indium oxide on the surfaces of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 to a thickness of about 0.1 μm, respectively. The electrode 5 was prepared by electrolytically depositing nickel to a thickness of about 0.1 μm on the surface of the spacer substrate 3 on the dispersion layer side. Dielectric layer 6,
7, 22 are the first electrode 4, the second electrode 5, and the third electrode 2
In order to prevent irreversible adsorption of electrophoretic particles 8 onto
In particular, the dielectric layer 6 is arranged so as to have a white color, which is in contrast with the electrophoretic particles. As the dielectric layer 6, titanium oxide fine powder is mixed in a fluororesin and spin coated to a thickness of about 0.
The one formed to 5 μm was used. As the dielectric layer 22, a transparent fluororesin having a thickness of about 0.5 μm formed by the same method was used. Further, as the dielectric layer 7, a transparent fluororesin formed by dip coating to a thickness of 0.5 μm was used. The shielding layer 11 was formed by printing a black opaque film having carbon fine powder dispersed in polyester with a thickness of about 10 μm on the outer surface of the second substrate 2. The width and position of the shielding layer 11 were set so that the electrophoretic particles 8 were sufficiently hidden when all the electrophoretic particles 8 were adsorbed by the dielectric layer 7. The dispersion layer was formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
【００３９】以上のようにして、構成された電気泳動表
示装置の一画素分の駆動動作を以下に説明する。電気回
路１０により、第１の電極４、第２の電極５、第３の電
極２１を、各々正極、負極、負極となるように電圧５０
Ｖの直流電圧を印加する。負に帯電した電気泳動粒子８
は、電極４を被覆している誘電体層６に移動し、その表
面に吸着する。このとき第２の基板２側から観測する
と、電気泳動粒子８の黒色が観測される。この状態は電
気回路１０と電極との電気的接続を切り、電圧印加を止
めた以降も持続され、本表示装置がメモリ機能を有する
ことを示した。次に、第１の電極４と第２の電極５の極
性を，先の場合と反転して電圧印加を行うと、すなわち
第１の電極４、第２の電極５、第３の電極２１が、各
々、負極、正極、負極となるように、５０Ｖの直流電圧
を印加すると、電気泳動粒子８は誘電体層６から第２の
電極５を被覆している誘電体層７に移動し、その表面に
吸着する。この場合、観測者からは誘電体層６の表面す
なわち白色が見えるとともに、電気泳動粒子８は遮蔽層
１１に隠蔽され、観測されない。光学反射特性は、白表
示、黒表示とも各々誘電体層６および電気泳動粒子８単
独の場合とほぼ等しく、電気泳動表示装置が本来有する
広視野角に加えて、明るさと高コントラストが両立した
表示装置であることを確認できた。The driving operation for one pixel of the electrophoretic display device configured as described above will be described below. With the electric circuit 10, a voltage of 50 is applied so that the first electrode 4, the second electrode 5, and the third electrode 21 become a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a negative electrode, respectively.
A DC voltage of V is applied. Negatively charged electrophoretic particles 8
Move to the dielectric layer 6 covering the electrode 4 and adsorb to the surface thereof. At this time, when observed from the second substrate 2 side, the black color of the electrophoretic particles 8 is observed. This state was maintained even after the electrical connection between the electric circuit 10 and the electrode was cut off and the voltage application was stopped, showing that the present display device has a memory function. Next, when the polarities of the first electrode 4 and the second electrode 5 are reversed and voltage is applied, that is, the first electrode 4, the second electrode 5, and the third electrode 21 When a DC voltage of 50 V is applied so that the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode are applied, the electrophoretic particles 8 move from the dielectric layer 6 to the dielectric layer 7 covering the second electrode 5, and Adsorb on the surface. In this case, the observer can see the surface of the dielectric layer 6, that is, white, and the electrophoretic particles 8 are hidden by the shielding layer 11 and are not observed. The optical reflection characteristics are substantially the same in both white display and black display as in the case of the dielectric layer 6 and the electrophoretic particles 8 alone. In addition to the wide viewing angle originally possessed by the electrophoretic display device, a display in which brightness and high contrast are compatible with each other. I was able to confirm that it was a device.
【００４０】第５の実施形態 分散層及び誘電体層６を以下のように変更した以外は、
第４の実施形態と同様にして電気泳動表示装置を得た。
ここでは、電気泳動粒子８としてダイアリーライドイエ
ロー（粒径０．２μｍ）を、また流体９としてパークロ
ロエチレンとキシレンの７：３混合物を用い、電気泳動
粒子と流体９の両者を電気泳動粒子８の混合重量率を２
％となるように混合し、さらに分散安定性の向上のため
に微量の樹脂を添加し、分散層を準備した。この場合、
電気泳動粒子は表面が負に帯電している。誘電体層６と
して炭素微粉末が分散したフッ素樹脂を用いた。尚、こ
のの場合、黄色と黒色の表示となる。Fifth Embodiment Except that the dispersion layer and the dielectric layer 6 are changed as follows,
An electrophoretic display device was obtained in the same manner as in the fourth embodiment.
Here, diaryride yellow (particle size: 0.2 μm) is used as the electrophoretic particles 8, and a 7: 3 mixture of perchlorethylene and xylene is used as the fluid 9, and both the electrophoretic particles and the fluid 9 are used. The mixed weight ratio of 2
% So that a dispersion layer was prepared by adding a small amount of resin to improve dispersion stability. in this case,
The surface of the electrophoretic particles is negatively charged. As the dielectric layer 6, a fluororesin in which fine carbon powder is dispersed is used. In this case, yellow and black are displayed.
【００４１】第６の実施形態 図３は、本発明にかかる電気泳動表示装置の一実施形態
の構成を説明するための図である。本発明にかかる電気
泳動装置には、図１及び図２に示す一画素分の構造が複
数設けられている。このような電気泳動装置は、例えば
図３に示すように、主に、種々の電極が形成された第１
のガラス基板３２と、誘電体層３４と、約１５０×１５
０μｍの大きさの複数の矩形ドット状の開孔を有する厚
さ２５μｍのメッシュ電極３３と、遮蔽層としてのマス
ク３１を有する第２のガラス基板４２とを順に積層し、
メッシュ電極３３の各開孔、第１のガラス基板及び第２
のガラス基板により限定された領域に、各々、図示しな
い分散層を封入した構造を有する。メッシュ電極３３
は、コモン電極であり、その開孔の内側面が誘電体層で
覆われている。第１の基板には、メッシュ電極３３に対
応した走査電極群３５及び、信号電極群３６が形成され
ている。また、その上には、アクティブマトリクス駆動
を行うために、メッシュ電極３３の開孔に対応して、第
１の電極としての画素電極３８及び薄膜トランジスタ３
７が形成されている。誘電体層３４は、分散層中の電気
泳動粒子と対比色を担っている。マスク３１は、電気泳
動粒子がメッシュ電極３３の開孔の内側面に吸着された
とき、電気泳動粒子が十分に隠蔽され、かつなるべく開
孔率が高くなるように形成されており、その開孔は、メ
ッシュ電極３３の開孔に対応している。Sixth Embodiment FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of an embodiment of the electrophoretic display device according to the present invention. The electrophoretic device according to the present invention is provided with a plurality of structures for one pixel shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Such an electrophoretic device is mainly provided with a first electrode on which various electrodes are formed, as shown in FIG. 3, for example.
Glass substrate 32, dielectric layer 34, approximately 150 × 15
A 25 μm thick mesh electrode 33 having a plurality of rectangular dot-shaped openings with a size of 0 μm, and a second glass substrate 42 having a mask 31 as a shielding layer are sequentially laminated,
Each opening of the mesh electrode 33, the first glass substrate and the second
Has a structure in which a dispersion layer (not shown) is enclosed in each of the regions defined by the glass substrate. Mesh electrode 33
Is a common electrode whose inner surface is covered with a dielectric layer. A scan electrode group 35 and a signal electrode group 36 corresponding to the mesh electrodes 33 are formed on the first substrate. In addition, a pixel electrode 38 as a first electrode and a thin film transistor 3 corresponding to the opening of the mesh electrode 33 for performing active matrix driving.
7 are formed. The dielectric layer 34 has a color contrasting with the electrophoretic particles in the dispersion layer. The mask 31 is formed so that when the electrophoretic particles are adsorbed on the inner surface of the openings of the mesh electrode 33, the electrophoretic particles are sufficiently hidden and the opening ratio is as high as possible. Corresponds to the opening of the mesh electrode 33.
【００４２】第１ないし第５の実施形態のいずれも図３
に示す電気泳動表示装置に適用することができる。各画
素の駆動の制御は、走査電極群と、画像信号を受ける信
号電極群とにより行われる。観測者は、マスク３１側か
ら表示装置を見る。例えば、分散層及び電気泳動粒子と
対比色をなすようとして第１実施形態に述べた部材を用
いた場合について述べる。この場合、泳動粒子は、負に
帯電している。メッシュ電極３３を設地し、画素電圧＋
３０Ｖとなるように、電圧印加を行った画素は、泳動粒
子が画素電極を被覆した誘電体層３４を覆うため、泳動
粒子の色である黒表示となった。また一方、メッシュ電
極を設地し、画素電極−３０Ｖとなるように電圧印加を
行った画素は、泳動粒子がメッシュ電極表面に吸着し、
マスク３１に隠蔽され、画素電極を被覆した誘電体層の
色である白表示となった。さらに、黒表示、白表示とも
に電圧印加を止めた以降もその表示は維持され、本表示
装置がメモリ機能を有することを確認した。All of the first to fifth embodiments are shown in FIG.
It can be applied to the electrophoretic display device shown in FIG. The drive control of each pixel is performed by the scan electrode group and the signal electrode group that receives an image signal. The observer looks at the display device from the mask 31 side. For example, a case will be described in which the member described in the first embodiment is used so as to form a contrasting color with the dispersion layer and the electrophoretic particles. In this case, the electrophoretic particles are negatively charged. The mesh electrode 33 is installed, and the pixel voltage +
In the pixel to which the voltage was applied so as to be 30 V, the electrophoretic particles covered the dielectric layer 34 covering the pixel electrode, and thus the color of the electrophoretic particles was black. On the other hand, in the pixel where the mesh electrode is set and the voltage is applied so that the pixel electrode becomes −30 V, the electrophoretic particles are adsorbed on the surface of the mesh electrode,
White display, which is the color of the dielectric layer covered by the mask 31 and covering the pixel electrode, was obtained. Further, both black display and white display were maintained after the voltage application was stopped, and it was confirmed that this display device has a memory function.
【００４３】[0043]
【発明の効果】以上詳述してきたように、本発明の表示
装置では、電気泳動粒子を分散させた流体として色素材
料を含まない無色のものを使用し、流体以外の部材に泳
動粒子との対比色を担わせているため、泳動粒子あるい
は透明電極等にに従来のごとく色素材料が侵入、吸着す
ることもなく、明るさと高コントラストが両立した電気
泳動表示装置を提供することができる。As described in detail above, in the display device of the present invention, a colorless liquid containing no dye material is used as the fluid in which the electrophoretic particles are dispersed, and the electrophoretic particles are not mixed with the electrophoretic particles. Since a contrasting color is provided, it is possible to provide an electrophoretic display device in which brightness and high contrast are compatible without causing a dye material to invade or adsorb to electrophoretic particles or transparent electrodes as is conventionally done.
【図１】本発明にかかる表示装置の一実施形態の一画素
の断面構成図。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of one pixel of an embodiment of a display device according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明にかかる表示装置の他の実施形態の一画
素の断面構成図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of one pixel of another embodiment of the display device according to the present invention.
【図３】本発明にかかる電気泳動表示装置の全体構成を
説明するための図。FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an overall configuration of an electrophoretic display device according to the present invention.
１、２…基板 ３…スペーサ基板 ４、５…電極 ６、７、３４…誘電体層 ８…電気泳動粒子 ９…透明流体 １０…電気回路 １１…遮蔽層 ２１…電極 ２２…誘電体層 ３１…マスク ３２，４２…ガラス基板 ３３…メッシュ電極 ３５…走査電極群 ３６…信号電極群 ３７…薄膜トランジスタ 1, 2 ... Substrate 3 ... Spacer Substrate 4, 5 ... Electrodes 6, 7, 34 ... Dielectric Layer 8 ... Electrophoretic Particles 9 ... Transparent Fluid 10 ... Electric Circuit 11 ... Shielding Layer 21 ... Electrode 22 ... Dielectric Layer 31 ... Masks 32, 42 ... Glass substrate 33 ... Mesh electrode 35 ... Scan electrode group 36 ... Signal electrode group 37 ... Thin film transistor
Claims (6)
あって、前記画素は、第１の基板と、該第１の基板上に
設けられた平面状の第１の電極と、該第１の電極側に、
該第１の基板に対向して設けられた透明な第２の基板
と、該第１及び第２の基板間に狭持され、無色の流体及
び同極性の荷電をもつ少なくとも１種の電気泳動粒子を
含む分散層と、該第２の基板表面のうち該分散層と反対
側の表面の周囲に設けられた遮蔽層と、該第１及び第２
の基板間の領域のうち、該遮蔽層により隠蔽された範囲
内に設けられた第２の電極とを具備することを特徴とす
る電気泳動表示装置。1. An electrophoretic display device having a plurality of pixels, wherein the pixels include a first substrate, a planar first electrode provided on the first substrate, and the first electrode. On the electrode side of
A transparent second substrate provided so as to face the first substrate, and a colorless fluid and at least one kind of electrophoretic material having the same polarity and sandwiched between the first and second substrates. A dispersion layer containing particles, a shielding layer provided around the surface of the second substrate opposite to the dispersion layer, and the first and second dispersion layers.
An electrophoretic display device, comprising: a second electrode provided in a region concealed by the shielding layer in a region between the substrates.
前記電気泳動粒子の色と対比し得る色を有する誘電体層
が設けられることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電気泳
動表示装置。2. Between the first electrode and the dispersion layer,
The electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, further comprising a dielectric layer having a color that can be compared with the color of the electrophoretic particles.
と対比し得る色を有することを特徴とする請求項１の電
気泳動表示装置。3. The electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode has a color that can be compared with the color of the electrophoretic particles.
第１の基板が前記電気泳動粒子の色と対比し得る色を有
することを特徴とする請求項１の電気泳動表示装置。4. The electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode is transparent, and the first substrate has a color that can be compared with the color of the electrophoretic particles.
あり、かつ第１の基板の両表面のうち、分散層と反対側
の表面に、前記電気泳動粒子と対比し得る色を有する誘
電体層が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１の電
気泳動表示装置。5. The first electrode and the first substrate are transparent, and a surface of both surfaces of the first substrate opposite to the dispersion layer is provided with a color that can be compared with the electrophoretic particles. The electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, further comprising a dielectric layer having the dielectric layer.
電気泳動粒子の移動領域を制約するための電極あるいは
電極群を、前記第２の基板上にさらに具備することを特
徴とする請求項１の電気泳動表示装置。6. In addition to the first electrode and the second electrode,
The electrophoretic display device according to claim 1, further comprising an electrode or a group of electrodes for restricting a moving region of the electrophoretic particles on the second substrate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01440896A JP3421494B2 (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1996-01-30 | Electrophoretic display |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01440896A JP3421494B2 (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1996-01-30 | Electrophoretic display |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09211499A true JPH09211499A (en) | 1997-08-15 |
| JP3421494B2 JP3421494B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
Family
ID=11860231
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01440896A Expired - Fee Related JP3421494B2 (en) | 1996-01-30 | 1996-01-30 | Electrophoretic display |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3421494B2 (en) |
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