JPH09168265A - Synchronous/induction hybrid electric machine and synchronous electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve variable torque control of a synchronous/induction hybrid electric machine and a synchronous electric machine by regulating the magnetomotive force of a winding for axial electromagnetic excitation in a synchronous/induction hybrid electric machine comprising a rotor including a pair of rotor cores, a stator core, and a stator including the winding for axial electromagnetic excitation disposed on the outside of the rotor. SOLUTION: The synchronous/induction hybrid electric machine generates a constant torque when it functions as a synchronous electric machine under the magnetomotive force only from a permanent magnet 7 where a winding for axial electromagnetic excitation is not excited. When a current is fed such that a magnetomovie force is generated from an axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 in the same direction as that from the permanent magnet 7, combined magnetomotive force increases the torque generated from the synchronous electric machine. When the current supply to the winding 6 is decreased gradually toward zero, magnetomotive force is generated only from the permanent magnet 7. When the exciting current is fed reversely, combined magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 and the winding 6 becomes zero to eliminate the pole excitation as a synchronous electric machine.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a synchronous / induction composite electric machine in which a synchronous electric machine (synchronous motor, synchronous generator) and an induction electric machine (induction motor, induction generator) are combined (hybridized), and generated torque. The present invention relates to a synchronous electric machine capable of variably controlling.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a hybrid type stepping motor (pulse motor) has been known and has a structure as shown in FIG. 5 (see the conventional example of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-319249). That is, a rotor A fixedly attached to the shaft 101 so that a pair of two rotor cores 102 made of a magnetic material formed in a gear shape are arranged on both sides of the permanent magnet 103, and a plurality of rotors A. The stator B is composed of a magnetic material having tooth-shaped slots at the pole heads, and has a stator B having a stator core 109 having an excitation winding 110 mounted on its magnetic pole.

The rotor core 102 is formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates and the like, and is used so as to reduce the loss of the magnetic material during operation. A plurality of gear-shaped grooves 105 are provided on the surface of the laminated thin plates, and conductors (squirrel-cage windings) 106 having an arbitrary electric resistance are inserted into the grooves 105. 106
Both ends of are short-circuited by the end face short-circuit ring 107.

The pair of rotor iron cores 102 are arranged so that the relative positions of the teeth have a phase difference of ½ of the tooth pitch, and by sequentially exciting the exciting windings 110, The rotor A rotates at each step.

The hybrid type stepping motor described above rotates by applying intermittent pulses to the exciting winding 110 one after another to generate torque. Therefore,
The hybrid type stepping motor has its rotor A
Is a kind of synchronous motor that rotates at a synchronous rotation speed determined by the number of pulses per hour, the number of phases, and the number of poles.

On the other hand, in a conventional induction electric machine (induction motor, induction generator), a polyphase winding is arranged on the salient poles of a stator core which is layered in a cylindrical shape to generate a rotating magnetic field, while in the cylindrical shape. A circuit is created by arranging conductors in the slots of the laminated rotor core (cage-shaped rotor), and a force is generated in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux created by the rotor conductor and the stator windings. Is structured to rotate in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field.

[0007]

By the way, the synchronous motor and the above-mentioned induction motor described by taking the hybrid type stepping motor as an example have different unique characteristics.

For this reason, in the electric motor of an electric vehicle, which is currently under urgent development, it is an electric motor that frequently starts, stops, decelerates and accelerates, and the performance of a synchronous electric motor is preferable at low speed running, and at high speed running. Induction motor performance is said to be favorable.

However, conventionally, there is no electric motor having both functions of a synchronous motor and an induction motor, and it is the actual situation that either one of the synchronous motor and the induction motor is used as an electric motor of an electric vehicle, which is effective. In addition, it cannot be said that the electric motor is used efficiently, and there is a problem that the operation cannot be performed smoothly. Further, in the conventional synchronous motor, it is usually impossible to change the torque, but even if it has the functions of both the synchronous motor and the induction motor, if the torque can be changed when operating as a synchronous motor, it is even more efficient. It can be used. This is also desired in the case of a single synchronous motor.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and is an electric machine that has both functions of a synchronous electric machine and an induction electric machine, and is a composite synchronous / induction electric machine effective as an electric motor of an electric vehicle, Another object of the present invention is to provide a synchronous electric machine capable of variably controlling generated torque.

[0011]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a synchronous / induction combined electric machine of the present invention is arranged in two parts around the shaft in the axial direction with a space between them. A rotor including a pair of mounted rotor cores, a stator core to which radial direction excitation windings that radially excite are mounted, and a stator core wound along the circumferential direction. An axial electromagnetic excitation winding that is excited in the axial direction, and a stator disposed outside the rotor, and by adjusting the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding, It is characterized in that it can function as both a synchronous electric machine and an induction electric machine.

Further, the synchronous / induction combined electric machine of the present invention is arranged around the shaft and has a stator core to which radial direction exciting windings for exciting in the radial direction are mounted, and a stator core in the circumferential direction. A pair of two pairs of coils, which are wound along the axial direction, are arranged at two positions separated from each other along the axial direction, and a stator including an axial electromagnetic excitation winding, and are respectively attached with cage windings. A rotor including a rotor core and arranged outside the stator, and functions as both a synchronous electric machine and an induction electric machine by adjusting the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding. It is characterized by being able to.

In any of the above cases, a permanent magnet having a magnetomotive force in the axial direction can be arranged between the pair of rotor cores. Further, as the stator iron core, ones which are arranged at two positions apart from each other along the axial direction in correspondence with the arrangement positions of the pair of two rotor iron cores are used.
A permanent magnet having an axial magnetomotive force may be arranged between the pair of stator cores.

Further, in the permanent magnet type synchronous electric machine of the present invention, a rotor including a pair of two rotor cores which are spaced apart along the axial direction and arranged in two parts, and a radial direction for exciting in the radial direction. A stator including a stator core to which an excitation winding is attached, the stator being disposed inside or outside the rotor;
A permanent magnet type synchronous electric machine comprising: a permanent magnet having an axial magnetomotive force, which is disposed between a pair of rotor cores; and an axial magnetic excitation along the circumferential direction of the stator core. It is characterized in that an axial electromagnetic excitation winding is wound.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a synchronous / induction combined electric machine of the present invention. In this figure, A
Is a rotor and B is a stator. First, the structure of the rotor A will be described. On the outer periphery of the shaft 1, a pair of two rotor cores 3 in which thin steel plates formed in a gear shape are laminated to a predetermined size,
It is fixed via a pair of yokes 2 having a good magnetic permeability. The relative positions of the teeth of the pair of rotor iron cores 3 are arranged so as to have a phase difference of 1/2 of the tooth pitch, as described in the section of the related art.

A permanent magnet 7 having a magnetomotive force in the axial direction is provided between the rotor cores 3 mounted on the outer periphery of the shaft 1.
Is fixed. Therefore, the two rotor cores 3 are axially separated from each other with the permanent magnet 7 interposed therebetween. Further, conductors that form cage windings (not shown) are attached to both rotor cores 3. Specifically, a plurality of tooth-shaped grooves are provided on the surface of the laminated thin steel plates,
A conductor (squirrel cage winding) having an arbitrary electric resistance is inserted in this groove, and both ends of each conductor are short-circuited by a short-circuit ring 11. In the present embodiment, as the short-circuit ring 11,
As shown in FIG. 1, the one proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-319249 is used. That is, the short-circuit ring 11 has a common short-circuit ring portion 11 ′ that short-circuits the conductors provided in each of the two rotor cores 3 in common between the two rotor cores 3. When the short-circuit ring 11 is used, the short-circuit ring portion is at the center (reference numeral 11 ') and each rotation as compared with the one described as the conventional example of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-319249 shown in FIG. Since only one end face of the subsidiary iron core 3 is provided, the size and weight can be reduced, and as a result, the torque characteristics can be improved as compared with the case where the one shown in FIG. However, the present invention aims to provide an electric machine that can be used as both a synchronous electric machine and an induction electric machine. Therefore, in order to achieve this object, the use of the short-circuit ring having the shape shown in FIG. 5 is excluded. Of course, nothing is done.

Explaining the structure of the stator B, two pairs of stator cores 4 made of a magnetic material are provided corresponding to the pair of rotor cores 3 of the rotor A described above. Reference numeral 8 is an intermediate part provided between the two stator cores 4 in order to positionally correspond to the above-mentioned two pairs of rotor cores 3, that is, in order to dispose them apart along the axial direction. It is a gap member.

A pair of yokes 5 are arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the stator core 4, and an outer frame 9 made of a non-magnetic member is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the yoke 5. Further, radial exciting windings 10 that are excited in the radial direction are attached to the slots of the stator core 4.

The stator B according to the present embodiment further includes
An axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 is wound around the outer peripheral surface of the yoke 5 along the circumferential direction, that is, along a circumferential surface orthogonal to the axial direction. The axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 generates a magnetomotive force in the axial direction, and by controlling the strength of this magnetomotive force, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 provided on the rotor is adjusted (in the magnetized state, Demagnetized state, zero state). In addition, in the figure, the portion shown by the dotted line shows the magnetic path in the axial direction.

Next, the operation of this structure will be described. First, the outline of the operation will be described. In the synchronous / induction combined electric machine according to the present embodiment, the axial electromagnetic exciting winding 6 is not excited or the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 is acting even when excited. Functions as a synchronous electric machine, and when the combined magnetomotive force of the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 and the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 is set to zero and the magnetomotive force of the radial excitation winding 10 is generated, , Functions as an induction machine.

More specifically, when the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 is not excited, only the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 acts, so that it functions as a synchronous motor. Therefore, in this state, it is the same as the conventional permanent magnet type synchronous motor, and the generated torque is constant. However, in the present embodiment, when a current is applied to the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 so that the magnetomotive force is in the same direction as the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7, the combined magnetomotive force of the two becomes large. Therefore, the torque generated as the synchronous motor can be increased.

On the other hand, when the exciting current flowing through the axial electromagnetic exciting winding 6 is gradually reduced to zero, only the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 is generated, and the current is further applied to the axial electromagnetic exciting winding 6 in the opposite direction. When flowing and excited, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 is canceled, and finally the combined magnetomotive force of the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 and the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 becomes zero. as a result,
The pole excitation as a synchronous motor is eliminated.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, by adjusting the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 as described above, the torque of the electric motor in the synchronous electric machine region can be variably controlled. .

Further, in a state where the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 is canceled by the reverse magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic exciting winding 6, a multi-phase alternating current is caused to flow in the radial exciting winding 10 of the stator B for excitation. As a result, this radial excitation winding 10
And a force is generated in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux generated by the cage winding of the rotor core 3, the rotor A rotates in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field generated in the rotor core 3, and this time as an induction motor. Be driven.

From the above, when the electric motor having such characteristics is used as an electric motor of a train or an electric vehicle, the synchronous motor area and the induction motor area are switched as follows, for example. That is, it is used as a synchronous motor in the low speed operation region. Then, during that time, the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 is controlled as described above,
The generated torque is variably controlled as needed. On the other hand, it is used as an induction motor in the high-speed operation area. As a result, smooth driving of the electric vehicle or the like becomes possible.

Further, in the synchronous / induction combined electric machine according to this embodiment, since the rotor A is provided with the cage winding as described above, the cage winding vibrates in the state of the synchronous motor. It also functions as a damper to reduce vibration and is effective in suppressing vibration torque. Further, by exciting the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 in the same direction as the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7, it is possible to increase the torque ratio with respect to the size of the entire electric motor. That is, as compared with the conventional synchronous motor that does not have the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6, even if a small permanent magnet is used, it is possible to generate torque equal to or higher than that.
Contributes to downsizing of electric motors.

Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
It will be described based on. The second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is
The rotor A is composed of a shaft 1 and a pair of two rotor cores 3 fixed to two portions spaced apart in the axial direction on the outer periphery of the shaft 1. As in the rotor used in the above-described embodiment, each rotor core 3 is provided with a conductor (a squirrel-cage winding) on its outer peripheral surface and short-circuited by a short-circuit ring 11.
An intermediate gap member 8 is interposed between the rotor cores 3 to form a gap between the rotor cores 2.

Also in this embodiment, the stator B is arranged outside the rotor core 3. In addition, the stator core 4 is
The stator core 4 is composed of a pair of two parts which are fixed to two parts spaced apart in the axial direction and whose radial direction exciting windings 10 which are excited in the radial direction are attached to the slots. Similar to the above-described embodiment, the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 that is excited in the axial direction is wound along the direction. However, the present embodiment is different from the above-mentioned embodiment in that a permanent magnet 7 having an axial magnetomotive force is arranged between the pair of stator cores 4.

Similarly to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the synchronous / induction combined electric machine according to the present embodiment also adjusts the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 to adjust the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7. It can be combined and used as a synchronous electric machine capable of torque control. In addition, the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 is set to zero, and the radial direction excitation winding 10 is excited by further exciting in the opposite direction to set the combined magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 to zero. Can be used as

The third embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is a stator B.
And a pair of two stators fixed to the shaft 1 and to two portions of the outer periphery of the shaft 1 that are spaced apart in the axial direction, and the radial direction exciting windings 10 that are excited in the radial direction are mounted in the slots. It consists of an iron core 4. In addition, the stator core 4
A permanent magnet 7 having a magnetomotive force in the axial direction is arranged in between, and an axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 for exciting the axial direction is wound around the inner peripheral surface side of the stator core 4 along the circumferential direction. There is. In this case, the magnetic iron core 12 is interposed between the inner circumference of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 and the outer circumference of the shaft 1.

Further, in the present embodiment, the rotor A
Are provided outside the stator core 4 and are provided at two positions spaced apart in the axial direction, and a pair of rotor cores are provided with a cage winding and a short-circuit ring 11 on the inner peripheral surface side. It consists of three. That is, this embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that the positions of the rotor A and the stator B are reversed. However, even with such a configuration, it is possible to switch between the synchronous electric machine region and the induction electric machine region, and the same operation is achieved as in the above-described embodiments.

In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the permanent magnets 7 are arranged between a pair of two rotor cores 3 and the intermediate gap member 8 is arranged between the stator cores 4. Except for this point, the configuration is exactly the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and the operation is also the same.

The synchronous / induction combined electric machine of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in each of the above embodiments, the permanent magnet 7 is provided on the rotor A or the stator B, and the axial electromagnetic excitation winding 6 is generated in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7. It is used as a synchronous electric machine by generating a magnetic force or as an induction electric machine. Also, the torque generated in the synchronous electric machine area is varied. However, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the permanent magnet 7 is removed from these embodiments.

In this case, the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic exciting winding can be generated to function as a synchronous electric machine capable of variably controlling the torque, and the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic exciting winding can be made zero. Thus, by generating a magnetomotive force of the radial excitation winding, it is possible to function as an induction electric machine.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the synchronous / induction combined electric machine has been described. However, a permanent magnet type electric machine capable of variably controlling the generated torque is used by using a rotor having no cage winding. It can also be a synchronous electric machine. That is, since the axial electromagnetic exciting winding 6 wound in the circumferential direction is arranged on the stator B, the magnetomotive force to the axial electromagnetic exciting winding 6 is adjusted to set the permanent magnet as described above. By overlapping with the magnetomotive force of the magnet 7, the generated torque can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet 7 alone.

Further, in the above description, as the stator core, a pair of two stator cores which are arranged at two locations apart from each other along the axial direction is used, but between the two stator cores. Unless a permanent magnet is provided,
It is not necessary to use the stator core divided into two in this way. That is, in the above description, the intermediate gap member is provided between the two stator cores in a mode other than the case where the permanent magnets are provided, but the two stator cores and the intermediate gap member are combined. Only one stator core having a large size may be used.

In the above description, an example in which the present invention is applied to an electric motor has been described, but it goes without saying that it may be applied to a generator.

[0038]

As described above, according to the synchronous / induction combined electric machine of the present invention, it has both the functions of the synchronous electric machine and the induction electric machine while being a single electric machine. Further, in synchronous electric machine operation, variable control of torque is also possible. Therefore, it is extremely effective as an electric motor that can easily respond to the torque characteristics required by the drive target and that frequently starts and stops, decelerates and accelerates, for example, an electric motor of a train or an electric vehicle. Also, by having a squirrel cage winding in the rotor, it is effective in suppressing the vibration torque in the case of a synchronous electric machine, and by providing an axial electromagnetic excitation winding, the torque ratio to the volume of the entire electric machine is increased. Can also be larger.

Further, in the case of a permanent magnet type synchronous electric machine,
Since the axial electromagnetic excitation winding is provided, the generated torque can be variably controlled and the output ratio per unit volume can be increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of a synchronous / induction combined electric machine of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional hybrid type stepping motor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A rotor B stator 1 axis 3 rotor core 4 stator core 6 axial electromagnetic excitation winding 7 permanent magnet 10 radial excitation winding

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shoji Yoshimura 2-13-8 Kamejima, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Meiji Denki Kogyo Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Kiyasu 166, Oouji, Harbin, China Inside Harbin Institute of Technology (72) Inventor Cui Shumei 166 Great Straight Street, Harbin, China People's Republic of China 166 Inside Harbin Institute of Technology (72) Inventor Zheng Cheng, 166 Great Straight Street, Harbin City, People's Republic of China Inside Harbin Institute of Technology (72 ) Inventor, Song Li, 166 Harbin, University of the People's Republic of China

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A rotor including a pair of rotor cores, each of which is arranged at two locations around an axis and are separated from each other along the axial direction, and each of which has a squirrel-cage winding attached thereto, and a rotor in a radial direction. A stator core on which a radial exciting winding for exciting is mounted, and an axial electromagnetic exciting winding wound along the circumferential direction of the stator core and exciting in the axial direction; A stator disposed on the outside, and by adjusting the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding, it is possible to function as both a synchronous electric machine and an induction electric machine. Induction compound electric machine. 2. A stator core which is arranged around a shaft and is provided with a radial excitation winding for exciting in a radial direction, and a stator core which is wound along the circumferential direction of the stator core and is excited in the axial direction. And a stator including an axial electromagnetic excitation winding, and two pairs of rotor cores, which are arranged at two positions separated from each other along the axial direction, and each of which is provided with a cage winding. A rotor arranged outside, and by adjusting the magnetomotive force of the axial electromagnetic excitation winding, it is possible to function as both a synchronous electric machine and an induction electric machine. Induction compound electric machine. 3. The synchronous / induction combined electric machine according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a permanent magnet having an axial magnetomotive force disposed between the pair of two rotor cores. 4. The stator cores are those which are arranged at two positions apart from each other along the axial direction so as to correspond to the positions where two pairs of rotor cores are arranged. 3. The synchronous / induction combined electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a permanent magnet having a magnetomotive force in the axial direction is arranged between the stator iron cores. 5. A rotor core including a rotor including a pair of two rotor cores arranged in two locations apart from each other in the axial direction, and a stator core provided with a radial exciting winding for exciting in a radial direction. A permanent magnet type including: a stator disposed inside or outside the rotor; and a permanent magnet having an axial magnetomotive force disposed between the pair of two rotor cores. In the synchronous electric machine, further, an axial electromagnetic exciting winding that is excited in the axial direction is wound along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and the permanent magnet type synchronous electric machine.